Building photovoltaic module

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a building photovoltaic module, comprising a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low radiation layer, and a photovoltaic chip layer. The first glass layer is located on the outer side of the building photovoltaic module. The third glass layer is located on the inner side of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer. The hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer. The low radiation layer is located between the first glass layer and the second glass layer. The photovoltaic chip layer is etched with a plurality of light-transmitting regions. The plurality of light-transmitting regions are arranged in a periodic shape and the size of the plurality of light-transmitting regions is below millimeter level. The photovoltaic chip layer is located between the second glass layer and the hollow layer or between the hollow layer and the third glass layer to reduce the moire phenomenon of the building photovoltaic module.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application (202210539393.8), the original application being filed on May 18, 2022, and the invention being entitled "Building Photovoltaic Module". Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a building photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0003] Photovoltaic power generation systems (PV systems for short) utilize the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials to convert solar energy into electrical energy. With the development of PV technology, it has been combined with building facade technology to form photovoltaic (PV) curtain walls. A PV curtain wall can consist of multiple building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules. In each BIPV module, solar cells (PV chips) are embedded between two panes of glass using a special resin. When sunlight shines on the BIPV modules, the PV chips convert solar energy into electrical energy to power the building's internal electrical appliances. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments described herein provide a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module is provided. The BIPV module includes: a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer, and a photovoltaic chip layer. The first glass layer is located on the outside of the BIPV module. The third glass layer is located on the inside of the BIPV module. The second glass layer is located between the first and third glass layers. A hollow layer is disposed between the second and third glass layers. The low-emissivity layer is located between the first and second glass layers. The photovoltaic chip layer is located inside the low-emissivity layer and outside the third glass layer.

[0006] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the low-emissivity layer and the second glass layer.

[0007] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a transparent insulating layer is provided between the photovoltaic chip layer and the low-emissivity layer.

[0008] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the second glass layer and the hollow layer.

[0009] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the hollow layer and the third glass layer.

[0010] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the building-integrated photovoltaic module further includes at least one antireflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass. The at least one antireflective coating is located at at least one of the following locations: the outer surface of the second glass layer, the inner surface of the second glass layer, the outer surface of the third glass layer, and the inner surface of the third glass layer.

[0011] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a single antireflective coating comprises multiple layers with different refractive indices.

[0012] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the second glass layer is made of low-reflection, high-transmittance glass.

[0013] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the third glass layer is made of low-reflection, high-transmittance glass.

[0014] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module is provided. The BIPV module includes: a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer, and a photovoltaic chip layer. The first glass layer is located on the outside of the BIPV module. The third glass layer is located on the inside of the BIPV module. The second glass layer is located between the first and third glass layers. A hollow layer is disposed between the second and third glass layers. The low-emissivity layer is located between the first and second glass layers. The photovoltaic chip layer is located between the first glass layer and the low-emissivity layer.

[0015] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the building-integrated photovoltaic module further includes at least one antireflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass. The at least one antireflective coating is located at at least one of the following locations: the outer surface of the second glass layer, the inner surface of the second glass layer, the outer surface of the third glass layer, and the inner surface of the third glass layer.

[0016] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a single antireflective coating comprises multiple layers with different refractive indices.

[0017] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a transparent insulating layer is provided between the photovoltaic chip layer and the low-emissivity layer.

[0018] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the second glass layer is made of low-reflection, high-transmittance glass.

[0019] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the third glass layer is made of low-reflection, high-transmittance glass. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure, wherein:

[0021] Figure 1a This is an exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module;

[0022] Figure 1b This is an exemplary structural diagram of another type of building photovoltaic module;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a first exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a second exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a third exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a fourth exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a fifth exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a sixth exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a seventh exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 9 This is an eighth exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0031] Figure 10 This is a ninth exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] The elements in the attached diagram are schematic and not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries shall be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the specification and in the relevant art, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal form unless otherwise explicitly defined herein. Terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one component (or part of a component) from another component (or another part of a component).

[0035] Figure 1a An exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 100a is shown. The BIPV module 100a includes: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. In this context, the outer surface (facing the direction of sunlight) of each layer is referred to as the first surface. The inner surface (facing away from the direction of sunlight) of each layer is referred to as the second surface. The first glass layer 120 is located on the outer side of the BIPV module 100a. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located between the first glass layer 120 and the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the first glass layer 120 is in contact with the first surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. A hollow layer and a low-emissivity layer 140 are arranged between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low-emissivity layer 140 is disposed (deposited) on the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The low-emissivity layer 140 and the third glass layer 150 can be considered as a single unit and referred to as low-emissivity glass. The low-emissivity layer 140, for example, is made of materials such as silver or tin oxide, and has a high reflectivity for far-infrared radiation. Compared to conventional glass layers (first glass layer 120, second glass layer 130, and third glass layer 150), the low-emissivity layer 140 has a lower heat transfer coefficient and reflects infrared radiation, thus exhibiting good light transmittance and excellent heat insulation. Incorporating the low-emissivity layer 140 into a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module can reduce heat exchange between indoors and outdoors due to thermal radiation, thus helping to maintain indoor temperature. A hollow layer exists between the second surface of the second glass layer 130 and the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. This hollow layer can be filled with air or an inert gas for heat insulation and noise reduction.

[0036] like Figure 1aAs shown, to maintain the light transmittance of the building photovoltaic (BPV) module, the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is etched with multiple light-transmitting areas. The black portions of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 are solar cells (opaque areas), and the white portions are the etched light-transmitting areas. For ease of industrial production, the light-transmitting areas in the photovoltaic chip layer 110 are arranged in a periodic shape, such as a grid pattern. The periodic arrangement of the photovoltaic chips results in a periodic spatial modulation frequency. Furthermore, for aesthetic purposes, the size of the light-transmitting areas in the photovoltaic chip layer 110 may be on the order of millimeters or smaller. Due to these two reasons, moiré patterns appear in the BPV module. Moiré patterns are stripes formed by the superposition of two patterns with similar spatial modulation frequencies. The moiré pattern in light-transmitting BPV modules can cause severe visual interference, greatly damaging the building's appearance and failing to meet architectural aesthetic requirements.

[0037] The following is combined with Figure 1a This example illustrates the cause of moiré patterns in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules. Figure 1a In the example, light ray 1 (represented by dashed lines) enters the building photovoltaic module from the first surface of the first glass layer 120, passes through the first glass layer 120, the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic chip layer 110 (represented by white squares), the second glass layer 130, and the hollow layer, and is reflected at the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. The reflected light ray 1 passes through the second glass layer 130, the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic chip layer 110, and the first glass layer 120 to reach... Figure 1a The position is at eye level. Light ray 2 (represented by a solid line) enters the building photovoltaic module from the first surface of the first glass layer 120, passes through the first glass layer 120, and is reflected in the opaque area (represented by a black square) of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The reflected light ray 2 then passes through the first glass layer 120 and reaches... Figure 1a The position of the human eye. The light seen by the human eye includes reflected ray 1 and reflected ray 2. Reflected ray 1 and reflected ray 2 have similar spatial modulation frequencies and an optical path difference; therefore, when reflected ray 1 and reflected ray 2 are superimposed, they form a moiré pattern. For ease of representation, ray 1 and ray 2 are... Figure 1a The two figures are drawn separately, but in reality they overlap.

[0038] exist Figure 1a In the example, due to the strong reflective properties of the low-emissivity layer 140, light 1 still has a high light intensity after being reflected on the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. Therefore, the moiré pattern formed by the superposition of the reflected light 1 and the reflected light 2 is easily observed by the human eye.

[0039] Figure 1bAn exemplary structural diagram of another building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 100b is shown. The BIPV module 100b includes: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. The first glass layer 120 is located on the outside of the BIPV module 100b. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located between the first glass layer 120 and the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the first glass layer 120 is in contact with the first surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. A hollow layer and a low-emissivity layer 140 are arranged between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low-emissivity layer 140 is disposed (coated) on the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The low-emissivity layer 140 and the second glass layer 130 can be referred to as a single unit as low-emissivity glass. Figure 1a As described in the example, incorporating a low-emissivity layer 140 in a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module can reduce heat exchange between indoor and outdoor environments caused by thermal radiation, thus helping to maintain indoor temperature. A hollow layer exists between the second surface of the low-emissivity layer 140 and the first surface of the third glass layer 150. This hollow layer can be filled with air or an inert gas for heat insulation and noise reduction.

[0040] The following is combined with Figure 1b This example illustrates the cause of moiré patterns in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules. Figure 1b In the example, light ray 1 (represented by dashed lines) enters the building photovoltaic module from the first surface of the first glass layer 120, passes through the first glass layer 120, the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic chip layer 110 (represented by white squares), and the second glass layer 130, and is reflected at the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. The reflected light ray 1 passes through the second glass layer 130, the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic chip layer 110, and the first glass layer 120 to reach... Figure 1b The position is at eye level. Light ray 2 (represented by a solid line) enters the building photovoltaic module from the first surface of the first glass layer 120, passes through the first glass layer 120, and is reflected in the opaque area (represented by a black square) of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The reflected light ray 2 then passes through the first glass layer 120 and reaches... Figure 1b The position of the human eye. The light seen by the human eye includes reflected ray 1 and reflected ray 2. Reflected ray 1 and reflected ray 2 have similar spatial modulation frequencies and an optical path difference; therefore, when reflected ray 1 and reflected ray 2 are superimposed, they form a moiré pattern. For ease of representation, ray 1 and ray 2 are... Figure 1b The two figures are drawn separately, but in reality they overlap.

[0041] and Figure 1a Similarly, in Figure 1bIn the example, due to the strong reflective properties of the low-emissivity layer 140, light 1 still has a high light intensity after being reflected on the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. Therefore, the moiré pattern formed by the superposition of the reflected light 1 and the reflected light 2 is easily observed by the human eye.

[0042] comprehensive Figure 1a and Figure 1b Examples show that a significant reason for moiré patterns in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules is the high reflectivity of the low-emissivity layer 140. The presence of the low-emissivity layer 140 means that the light perceived by the human eye is a superposition of light reflected from the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and light reflected from the low-emissivity layer 140, exhibiting a periodic variation with the viewing angle. This superimposed light forms moiré patterns that change according to a certain regularity. The low-emissivity layer 140 has a low heat transfer coefficient and reflects infrared radiation, reducing heat exchange between indoor and outdoor environments caused by thermal radiation, thus helping to maintain indoor temperature; therefore, it is indispensable in BPV modules. Consequently, removing the low-emissivity layer 140 from the BPV module should not mitigate the moiré pattern phenomenon.

[0043] Based on the aforementioned research, in a first aspect of this disclosure, a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module that can mitigate moiré patterns is proposed. The BIPV module may include: a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer, and a photovoltaic chip layer. The first glass layer is located on the outer side of the BIPV module. The third glass layer is located on the inner side of the BIPV module. The second glass layer is located between the first and third glass layers. A hollow layer is arranged between the second and third glass layers. The low-emissivity layer is located between the first and second glass layers. The photovoltaic chip layer is located inside the low-emissivity layer and outside the third glass layer. Figures 2 to 6 A building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module with the above-described structure is shown. The following is in conjunction with... Figures 2 to 6 The following examples illustrate how building-integrated photovoltaic modules according to embodiments of the present disclosure mitigate moiré patterns.

[0044] Figure 2 A first exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2In the example, the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 200 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. In this context, according to the orientation shown in the figure, the left side of the first surface of each layer is referred to as the front. The right side of the second surface of each layer is referred to as the rear. The first glass layer 120 is located on the outside of the BIPV module. The third glass layer 150 is located on the inside of the BIPV module. The second glass layer 130 is located between the first glass layer 120 and the third glass layer 150. A hollow layer is disposed between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low-emissivity layer 140 may be disposed (plated) on the second surface of the first glass layer 120. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located inside the low-emissivity layer 140 and may be disposed (plated) on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. A transparent insulating layer (e.g., a film layer) may be provided between the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the low-emissivity layer 140 to prevent interference between their electrical signals.

[0045] Compared to Figure 1a The building photovoltaic module 100a shown and Figure 1b The building-integrated photovoltaic module 100b shown is... Figure 2 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 200 shown has a low-emissivity layer 140 moved in front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, positioning the low-emissivity layer 140 between the second surface of the first glass layer 120 and the first surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. Because the low-emissivity layer 140 is moved in front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, some light is reflected before it reaches the photovoltaic chip layer 110, thus reducing the intensity of reflected light in the opaque areas of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. Light not reflected by the low-emissivity layer 140 can pass through the translucent areas of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the second glass layer 130, and is reflected on the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The reflectivity of the third glass layer 150 is weaker than that of the low-emissivity layer 140, therefore, compared to... Figure 1a and Figure 1b Example, Figure 2 The reflected light superimposed on the reflected light of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is weaker, thus reducing the moiré pattern.

[0046] Figure 3 A second exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic module 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3In the example, the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 300 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. The first glass layer 120 is located on the outside of the BIPV module. The third glass layer 150 is located on the inside of the BIPV module. The second glass layer 130 is located between the first glass layer 120 and the third glass layer 150. A hollow layer is disposed between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low-emissivity layer 140 may be disposed (plated) on the second surface of the first glass layer 120. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located inside the low-emissivity layer 140 and may be disposed (plated) on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.

[0047] Compared to Figure 1a The building photovoltaic module 100a shown and Figure 1b The building-integrated photovoltaic module 100b shown is... Figure 3 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 300 shown moves the low-emissivity layer 140 in front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, such that the low-emissivity layer 140 is located between the second surface of the first glass layer 120 and the first surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. For example, in... Figure 2 As described in the example, moving the low-emissivity layer 140 in front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 can mitigate moiré patterns. Compared to Figure 2 The building-integrated photovoltaic module 200 shown is... Figure 3 In the illustrated building photovoltaic module 300, the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is moved behind the second glass layer 130, positioning it between the second surface of the second glass layer 130 and the hollow layer. Since the hollow layer is filled with air or an inert gas, the normal operation of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is not affected. Alternatively or additionally, a transparent insulating layer (e.g., a film layer) may be provided between the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the hollow layer to prevent the operation of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 from being affected.

[0048] comprehensive Figure 2 and Figure 3 As can be seen from the example, moiré patterns can be mitigated by placing the low-emissivity layer 140 in front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The position of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 can be changed according to the specific structure of the building photovoltaic module. For example, in Figure 2 and Figure 3 Based on the example, the photovoltaic chip layer 110 can also be arranged on the first surface of the third glass layer 130. If the building photovoltaic module has more than three layers of glass, the photovoltaic chip layer 110 can also be arranged at any suitable location after the low-emissivity layer 140 and before the second surface of the last glass layer.

[0049] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the building-integrated photovoltaic module may also include at least one antireflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass. This at least one antireflective coating may be located at at least one of the following locations: a first surface of the second glass layer 130, a second surface of the second glass layer 130, a first surface of the third glass layer 150, and a second surface of the third glass layer 150. A single antireflective coating may include multiple film layers with different refractive indices. By controlling the film thickness of each film layer, multiple destructive interference effects can be formed, thereby increasing the light transmittance of the glass and weakening reflected light. In some embodiments of this disclosure, materials such as magnesium fluoride, titanium oxide, silicon nitride, lead sulfide, and lead selenide may be used to fabricate the antireflective coating.

[0050] Figure 4 A third exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The building photovoltaic module 400 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a first anti-reflective coating 160, and a second anti-reflective coating 170. Figure 4 The building-integrated photovoltaic module 400 shown is compared to Figure 2 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 200 shown includes a first anti-reflective coating 160 and a second anti-reflective coating 170. Figure 4 In the example, the first surface of the first antireflective coating 160 is in contact with the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the second antireflective coating 170 is in contact with the hollow layer. The second surface of the second antireflective coating 170 is in contact with the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The first antireflective coating 160 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The second antireflective coating 170 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the first surface of the third glass layer 150.

[0051] Furthermore, the second glass layer 130 and / or the third glass layer 150 may be made of low-reflection, high-transmittance glass. Low-reflection, high-transmittance glass can weaken the imaging effect of regular stripes on this glass, thereby reducing moiré patterns.

[0052] Despite Figure 4 The example shows both the first antireflective coating 160 and the second antireflective coating 170. However, those skilled in the art should understand that in the building photovoltaic module 400, only the first antireflective coating 160 or only the second antireflective coating 170 may be provided.

[0053] Figure 5A fourth exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The building photovoltaic module 500 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a third anti-reflective coating 180, and a fourth anti-reflective coating 190. Figure 5 The building-integrated photovoltaic module 500 shown is compared to Figure 2 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 200 shown includes a third anti-reflective coating 180 and a fourth anti-reflective coating 190. Figure 5 In the example, the first surface of the third antireflection coating 180 is in contact with the second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The second surface of the third antireflection coating 180 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The first surface of the fourth antireflection coating 190 is in contact with the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the fourth antireflection coating 190 is in contact with the hollow layer. The third antireflection coating 180 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The fourth antireflection coating 190 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.

[0054] Despite Figure 5 The example shows both the third antireflective coating 180 and the fourth antireflective coating 190. However, those skilled in the art should understand that in the building photovoltaic module 500, only the third antireflective coating 180 or only the fourth antireflective coating 190 may be provided.

[0055] Figure 6 A fifth exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The building photovoltaic module 600 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a first anti-reflective coating 160, a second anti-reflective coating 170, a third anti-reflective coating 180, and a fourth anti-reflective coating 190. Figure 6 The building-integrated photovoltaic module 600 shown is compared to Figure 2 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 200 shown includes a first anti-reflective coating 160, a second anti-reflective coating 170, a third anti-reflective coating 180, and a fourth anti-reflective coating 190. Figure 6In the example, the first surface of the first antireflective coating 160 is in contact with the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the second antireflective coating 170 is in contact with the hollow layer. The second surface of the second antireflective coating 170 is in contact with the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the third antireflective coating 180 is in contact with the second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The second surface of the third antireflective coating 180 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The first surface of the fourth antireflective coating 190 is in contact with the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the fourth antireflective coating 190 is in contact with the hollow layer. The first antireflective coating 160 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The second antireflective coating 170 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The third antireflective coating 180 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The fourth antireflective coating 190 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.

[0056] Compared to Figure 4 and Figure 5 Example, Figure 6 The example has more anti-reflective coatings, which can better reduce reflected light and thus mitigate moiré patterns.

[0057] Despite Figure 6 The example shows four antireflective coatings: the first antireflective coating 160, the second antireflective coating 170, the third antireflective coating 180, and the fourth antireflective coating 190. However, those skilled in the art should understand that in a building photovoltaic module 600, only one, two, or three of the first antireflective coating 160, the second antireflective coating 170, the third antireflective coating 180, and the fourth antireflective coating 190 may be provided.

[0058] In a second aspect of this disclosure, another building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module is proposed to mitigate moiré patterns. This BIPV module may include: a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer, and a photovoltaic chip layer. The first glass layer is located on the outside of the BIPV module. The third glass layer is located on the inside of the BIPV module. The second glass layer is located between the first and third glass layers. A hollow layer is disposed between the second and third glass layers. The low-emissivity layer is located between the first and second glass layers. The photovoltaic chip layer is located between the first glass layer and the low-emissivity layer. Figures 7 to 10 A building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module with the above-described structure is shown. The following is in conjunction with... Figures 7 to 10 The following examples illustrate how building-integrated photovoltaic modules according to embodiments of the present disclosure mitigate moiré patterns.

[0059] Figure 7A sixth exemplary structural diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 700 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 7 In the example, the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 700 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. The first glass layer 120 is located on the outside of the BIPV module. The third glass layer 150 is located on the inside of the BIPV module. The second glass layer 130 is located between the first glass layer 120 and the third glass layer 150. A hollow layer is disposed between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low-emissivity layer 140 may be disposed (plated) on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located outside the low-emissivity layer 140 and may be disposed (plated) on the second surface of the first glass layer 120. A transparent insulating layer (e.g., a film layer) may be disposed between the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the low-emissivity layer 140 to prevent their electrical signals from interfering with each other. The thickness of the transparent insulating layer can be set to be as small as possible to reduce the optical path difference between the light reflected on the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the light reflected on the low-emissivity layer 140.

[0060] Compared to Figure 1a The building photovoltaic module 100a shown and Figure 1b The building-integrated photovoltaic module 100b shown is... Figure 7 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 700 shown has a low-emissivity layer 140 moved to a position adjacent to the photovoltaic chip layer 110, such that the low-emissivity layer 140 is located between the second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the first surface of the second glass layer 130. Because the thickness of the transparent insulating layer between the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the low-emissivity layer 140 is set as small as possible, the optical path difference between the light reflected from the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the light reflected from the low-emissivity layer 140 is very small and negligible, thus mitigating moiré patterns. Furthermore, as in... Figure 2 As described in the example, the third glass layer 150 has a weaker reflectivity than the low-emissivity layer 140, therefore compared to Figure 1a and Figure 1b Example, Figure 7 The reflected light superimposed on the reflected light of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is weaker, thus reducing the moiré pattern.

[0061] Furthermore, in Figure 7Based on the example, the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module may further include at least one antireflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass. This at least one antireflective coating may be located at at least one of the following locations: a first surface of the second glass layer 130, a second surface of the second glass layer 130, a first surface of the third glass layer 150, and a second surface of the third glass layer 150. A single antireflective coating may comprise multiple film layers with different refractive indices. By controlling the film thickness of each film layer, multiple destructive interference effects can be created, thereby increasing the light transmittance of the glass and weakening reflected light.

[0062] Figure 8 A seventh exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The building photovoltaic module 800 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a first anti-reflective coating 160, and a second anti-reflective coating 170. Figure 8 The building-integrated photovoltaic module 800 shown is compared to Figure 7 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 700 shown includes a first anti-reflective coating 160 and a second anti-reflective coating 170. Figure 8 In the example, the first surface of the first antireflective coating 160 is in contact with the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the second antireflective coating 170 is in contact with the hollow layer. The second surface of the second antireflective coating 170 is in contact with the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The first antireflective coating 160 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The second antireflective coating 170 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the first surface of the third glass layer 150.

[0063] As described above, the second glass layer 130 and / or the third glass layer 150 can be made of low-reflection, high-transmittance glass. Low-reflection, high-transmittance glass can weaken the imaging effect of regular stripes on this glass, thereby reducing moiré patterns.

[0064] Despite Figure 8 The example shows both the first antireflective coating 160 and the second antireflective coating 170. However, those skilled in the art should understand that in the building photovoltaic module 800, only the first antireflective coating 160 or only the second antireflective coating 170 may be provided.

[0065] Figure 9 An eighth exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module 900 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The building photovoltaic module 900 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a third anti-reflective coating 180, and a fourth anti-reflective coating 190. Figure 9 The building-integrated photovoltaic module 900 shown is compared to Figure 7 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 700 shown includes a third anti-reflective coating 180 and a fourth anti-reflective coating 190. Figure 9 In the example, the first surface of the third antireflective coating 180 is in contact with the second surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. The second surface of the third antireflective coating 180 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The first surface of the fourth antireflective coating 190 is in contact with the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the fourth antireflective coating 190 is in contact with the hollow layer. The third antireflective coating 180 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The fourth antireflective coating 190 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.

[0066] Despite Figure 9 The example shows both the third antireflective coating 180 and the fourth antireflective coating 190. However, those skilled in the art should understand that in the building photovoltaic module 900, only the third antireflective coating 180 or only the fourth antireflective coating 190 may be provided.

[0067] Figure 10 A ninth exemplary structural diagram of a building photovoltaic module 1000 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The building photovoltaic module 1000 may include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a first anti-reflective coating 160, a second anti-reflective coating 170, a third anti-reflective coating 180, and a fourth anti-reflective coating 190. Figure 10 The building-integrated photovoltaic module 1000 shown is compared to Figure 7 The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module 700 shown includes a first anti-reflective coating 160, a second anti-reflective coating 170, a third anti-reflective coating 180, and a fourth anti-reflective coating 190. Figure 10In the example, the first surface of the first antireflective coating 160 is in contact with the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the second antireflective coating 170 is in contact with the hollow layer. The second surface of the second antireflective coating 170 is in contact with the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the third antireflective coating 180 is in contact with the second surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. The second surface of the third antireflective coating 180 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The first surface of the fourth antireflective coating 190 is in contact with the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the fourth antireflective coating 190 is in contact with the hollow layer. The first antireflective coating 160 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The second antireflective coating 170 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The third antireflective coating 180 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The fourth antireflective coating 190 can be used to reduce the reflection of light on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.

[0068] Compared to Figure 8 and Figure 9 Example, Figure 10 The example has more anti-reflective coatings, which can better reduce reflected light and thus mitigate moiré patterns.

[0069] Despite Figure 10 The example shows four antireflective coatings: the first antireflective coating 160, the second antireflective coating 170, the third antireflective coating 180, and the fourth antireflective coating 190. However, those skilled in the art should understand that in the building photovoltaic module 1000, only one, two, or three of the first antireflective coating 160, the second antireflective coating 170, the third antireflective coating 180, and the fourth antireflective coating 190 may be provided.

[0070] In summary, the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules according to embodiments of this disclosure mitigate moiré patterns through the following three aspects, thereby providing a more aesthetically pleasing building facade:

[0071] (1) The low-emissivity layer is placed on the outside of the photovoltaic chip layer (the side closer to the observer), so that some light is reflected on the low-emissivity layer before it hits the photovoltaic chip layer. Therefore, the reflected light on the photovoltaic chip layer is weakened, and the superposition of the reflected light and the reflected light on the low-emissivity layer is weakened or cannot be superimposed to form an image. Therefore, the moiré pattern is weakened (the front-back relationship between the projection surface and the body is changed).

[0072] (2) By reducing the distance between the low-emissivity layer and the photovoltaic chip layer, the superposition of the reflected light on the low-emissivity layer and the reflected light on the photovoltaic chip layer is weakened or cannot be superimposed to form an image, thus reducing moiré patterns (changing the distance between the projection surface and the body).

[0073] (3) By adding an anti-reflection coating to the front and back surfaces of one or more glass layers on the inner side of the photovoltaic chip layer (the side away from the observer), the reflected light on the glass layer is reduced, thereby reducing the superposition of the reflected light with the reflected light on the photovoltaic chip layer, thus reducing moiré patterns (weakening the imaging effect of the projection carrier).

[0074] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatuses and methods according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0075] Unless otherwise expressly indicated by the context, the singular form of words used herein and in the appended claims includes the plural form, and vice versa. Thus, when referring to the singular, the plural form of the corresponding term is generally included. Similarly, the terms “comprising” and “including” shall be interpreted as including rather than exclusively. Likewise, the terms “including” and “or” shall be interpreted as including unless such interpretation is expressly prohibited herein. Where the term “example” is used herein, particularly when it follows a set of terms, the “example” is merely exemplary and illustrative and should not be considered exclusive or extensive.

[0076] Further aspects and scope of adaptation become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that various aspects of this application may be implemented individually or in combination with one or more other aspects. It should also be understood that the descriptions and specific embodiments herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0077] Several embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above. However, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. The scope of protection of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, comprising: The structure consists of a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer, and a photovoltaic chip layer. The first glass layer is located on the outside of the building photovoltaic module, the third glass layer is located on the inside of the building photovoltaic module, the second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer, a hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer, the low-emissivity layer is located between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, the photovoltaic chip layer is etched with multiple light-transmitting areas, the multiple light-transmitting areas are arranged in a periodic shape and the size of the multiple light-transmitting areas is less than millimeters, and the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the second glass layer and the hollow layer to reduce the moiré pattern of the building photovoltaic module.

2. The building-integrated photovoltaic module according to claim 1 further includes at least one anti-reflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass, wherein, The at least one antireflective coating is located at at least one of the following locations: The outer surface of the second glass layer, The inner surface of the second glass layer, The outer surface of the third glass layer, and The inner surface of the third glass layer.

3. The building-integrated photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein, A single antireflective coating consists of multiple layers with different refractive indices.

4. A building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, comprising: The structure consists of a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-emissivity layer, and a photovoltaic chip layer. The first glass layer is located on the outside of the building photovoltaic module, the third glass layer is located on the inside of the building photovoltaic module, the second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer, a hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer, the low-emissivity layer is located between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, the photovoltaic chip layer is etched with multiple light-transmitting areas, the multiple light-transmitting areas are arranged in a periodic shape and the size of the multiple light-transmitting areas is less than millimeters, and the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the hollow layer and the third glass layer to reduce the moiré pattern of the building photovoltaic module.

5. The building-integrated photovoltaic module according to claim 4, further comprising at least one anti-reflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass, wherein, The at least one antireflective coating is located at at least one of the following locations: The outer surface of the second glass layer, The inner surface of the second glass layer, The outer surface of the third glass layer, and The inner surface of the third glass layer.

6. The building-integrated photovoltaic module according to claim 5, wherein, A single antireflective coating consists of multiple layers with different refractive indices.

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