Auxiliary installation structure and method for electromechanical installation

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of electromechanical installation technology, and discloses an auxiliary installation structure and method for electromechanical installation, comprising an outer frame, a control box fixedly installed on one side of the outer frame, a hydraulic cylinder fixedly installed on the top of the outer frame, a mounting shell movably sleeved on the upper end of the inner side of the outer frame, and a motor fixedly installed on the front end of the middle part of the mounting shell. The present invention can drive the mounting shell, motor, first transmission assembly and other structures at the bottom to move up and down through the operation of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby facilitating the lifting of the pipeline, and the motor can synchronously drive two clamps to move toward or in opposite directions when driving the first transmission assembly, second transmission assembly and third transmission assembly to rotate, so as to clamp the pipeline, and the design of the universal wheel at the bottom of the outer frame can facilitate the movement of the device, and because the two clamps limit the pipeline, the alignment is more stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electromechanical installation, and in particular relates to an auxiliary installation structure and method for electromechanical installation. Background Art

[0002] Mechanical and electrical installation is an industry that installs automated mechanical equipment. It generally includes the installation of equipment, lines, and pipelines for industrial, public, and civil construction projects, 35 kV and below substation projects, and the production and installation of non-standard steel structures.

[0003] In the prior art, when installing heavier underground pipelines, lifting equipment is usually used to lift the pipelines in the air. When moving to a preset pit position, the lifting equipment lowers the pipelines, and workers apply thrust to adjust them so that the pipelines are aligned. However, during the actual alignment process, since the pipelines are in the air, there is a certain degree of shaking. Applying thrust can easily cause the pipelines to shake more violently, resulting in errors and affecting the alignment between the pipelines. Therefore, in order to address the above problems, an auxiliary installation structure and method for electromechanical installation are proposed, which has stable installation, good alignment effect, is easy to install, and has a wide range of applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical problems solved

[0005] In order to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides an auxiliary installation structure and method for electromechanical installation, which can drive the bottom installation shell, motor, first transmission assembly and other structures to move up and down through the operation of the hydraulic cylinder, so as to facilitate the lifting of the pipeline. When the arranged motor drives the first transmission assembly, the second transmission assembly and the third transmission assembly and other structures to rotate, it can synchronously drive the two clamps to move toward or in the opposite direction, so that the pipeline can be clamped, and the design of the universal wheel at the bottom of the outer frame can facilitate the movement of the device, and because the two clamps limit the pipeline to prevent the pipeline from shaking, it has the advantages of stable installation, good alignment effect, easy installation and wide range of applications.

[0006] (2) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an auxiliary installation structure and method for electromechanical installation, comprising an outer frame, a control box fixedly mounted on one side of the outer frame, a hydraulic cylinder fixedly mounted on the top of the outer frame, an upper end of the inner side of the outer frame movably sleeved with a mounting shell, a motor fixedly mounted on the front end of the middle part of the mounting shell, guide columns fixedly mounted on the four corners inside the outer frame, a first transmission assembly fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the motor, both ends of the first transmission assembly are transmission-connected with the second transmission assembly, the bottom of the second transmission assembly is engaged with the third transmission assembly, and the bottom of the third transmission assembly is engaged with the fourth transmission assembly, a splint is movably sleeved on both ends of the bottom of the mounting shell, a base plate is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the splint, a support assembly is movably sleeved on one end of the base plate, and an extrusion assembly is movably sleeved on the other end of the base plate, an adjustment assembly is threadedly connected to the front end of the bottom of the mounting shell, a tooth plate is movably sleeved on both ends of the adjustment assembly, and a movable assembly is engaged on the inner side of the tooth plate.

[0008] In the above technical solution, preferably, the mounting shell includes an upper shell, a lower shell is fixedly installed on the bottom of the upper shell, the lower shell is fixedly connected to the motor, the two ends of the top of the lower shell are fixedly connected to the limit shell, and the four corners of the lower shell are movably connected to the guide column.

[0009] In the above technical solution, preferably, the first transmission assembly includes a first transmission wheel, the outer surface of the first transmission wheel is connected to a transmission belt, and the first transmission wheel is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor.

[0010] In the above technical solution, preferably, the second transmission assembly includes a second transmission wheel, a first bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the rear end of the second transmission wheel, and the outer side of the second transmission wheel is transmission-connected to the transmission belt in the first transmission assembly.

[0011] In the above technical solution, preferably, the third transmission assembly includes a second helical gear, a connecting rod is fixedly installed in the middle of the second helical gear, a third helical gear is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting rod, the second helical gear is meshed with the first helical gear in the second transmission assembly, the fourth transmission assembly includes a fourth helical gear, a first threaded rod is fixedly installed in the middle of the fourth helical gear, the fourth helical gear is meshed with the third helical gear in the third transmission assembly, and the first threaded rod is threadedly connected to the splint.

[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a connecting block, the middle part of the connecting block is movably sleeved with a third threaded rod, both ends of the connecting block are movably sleeved with the tooth plate, and the third threaded rod is threadedly connected to the lower shell in the mounting shell.

[0013] In the above technical solution, preferably, the extrusion assembly includes a movable block, the middle part of the movable block is threadedly connected to a second threaded rod, the second threaded rod and the movable block are movably connected to the base plate, and the side of the movable block close to the support assembly is provided with an inclined surface and the end close to the support assembly is made of a magnet.

[0014] In the above technical solution, preferably, the support assembly includes a support plate, and a roller is movably sleeved on one end of the support plate away from the base plate. An inclined surface is provided on one end of the support plate located inside the base plate. There are two rollers, and the rollers are in contact with the outer surface of the pipe when the pipe is installed. The end of the support plate close to the extrusion assembly is made of a magnet.

[0015] In the above technical solution, preferably, the movable component includes a movable wheel, a gear is fixedly connected to the top of the movable wheel, the movable wheel is movably connected to the splint, and the gear is engaged with the gear plate.

[0016] An auxiliary installation method for electromechanical installation, the specific operating steps of the method are:

[0017] First, move the device to the top of the underground pipeline to be installed, and start the hydraulic cylinder through the control box to drive the installation shell and the clamping plate and other structures to move downward. Then, start the motor through the control box, and the motor drives the first transmission assembly, the second transmission assembly, the third transmission assembly and the fourth transmission assembly to transmit, so that the two clamping plates move toward each other synchronously, and the underground pipeline is squeezed and supported by the support assembly. Then, start the hydraulic cylinder to move upward to move the installation shell, the first transmission assembly and other structures upward.

[0018] After lifting the underground pipeline, the entire device is pushed to the position where it needs to be installed. The hydraulic cylinder is activated by the control box to drive the installation shell and the clamping plate and other structures to move downward, so that the underground pipeline enters the installation position. At the same time, the design of the universal wheel at the bottom of the outer frame can conveniently adjust the position of the pipeline for easy alignment. When it is necessary to fine-tune the axial direction of the pipeline, the third threaded rod is rotated to drive the connecting block to change the distance between it and the lower shell. At this time, the toothed plate is driven by the connecting block to move and drive the gear to rotate. At this time, the movable wheel rotates synchronously to drive the pipeline to adjust along the axial direction.

[0019] After the pipe is aligned and lowered, the motor is started to drive the first transmission assembly, the second transmission assembly, the third transmission assembly and the fourth transmission assembly to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the two clamping plates move synchronously in the reverse direction and release the limit on the pipe;

[0020] For different pipes, the second threaded rod in the extrusion assembly can be rotated to drive the movable block to move toward the rear end, thereby squeezing the support assembly, and then part of the support assembly is moved out of the interior of the base plate, and then pipes of different diameters can be easily fixed.

[0021] Beneficial effects

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention can drive the bottom mounting housing, motor, first transmission assembly and other structures to move up and down through the operation of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby facilitating the lifting of the pipeline. When the motor drives the first transmission assembly, the second transmission assembly and the third transmission assembly to rotate, it can simultaneously drive the two clamping plates to move toward or in opposite directions, thereby clamping the pipeline. The design of the universal wheel at the bottom of the outer frame facilitates the movement of the device. The two clamping plates limit the pipeline to prevent the pipeline from shaking, and the alignment is more stable.

[0024] 2. The present invention facilitates the clamping of the pipe by synchronously moving the two clamping plates toward or in opposite directions. During installation, it is only necessary to use the hydraulic cylinder to drive the installation shell and the pipe and other structures to move down to the installation position, and then start the first transmission assembly to drive the two clamping plates to remove the limit on the pipe. The installation is convenient, and the third threaded rod can be used to drive the connecting block to move, thereby moving the tooth plate, and then driving the gear to rotate, so that the movable wheel rotates, which can drive the pipe to move in the axial direction, further improving the installation effect.

[0025] 3. The present invention cooperates with the extrusion assembly and support assembly and other structures, and can drive the movable block to move along the axial direction of the second threaded rod by rotating the second threaded rod, thereby driving the support plate to move through the inclined surface, adjusting the overall length of the base plate and the support assembly, and thus facilitating the installation of pipes of different sizes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the separation of the internal structure of the outer frame of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a structural separation diagram of the limiting housing of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the lower housing of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a detailed structural diagram of the third transmission assembly of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a detailed structural diagram of the support assembly of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a detailed structural diagram of the extrusion assembly of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a detailed structural diagram of the regulating component of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the active components of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. outer frame; 2. control box; 3. hydraulic cylinder; 4. mounting shell; 41. upper shell; 42. lower shell; 5. guide column; 6. motor; 7. first transmission assembly; 71. first transmission wheel; 72. transmission belt; 8. second transmission assembly; 81. second transmission wheel; 82. first bevel gear; 9. third transmission assembly; 91. second bevel gear; 92. connecting rod; 93. third bevel gear; 10. limiting shell; 11. clamping plate; 12. bottom plate; 13. fourth transmission assembly; 131. fourth bevel gear; 132. first threaded rod; 14. extrusion assembly; 141. movable block; 142. second threaded rod; 15. support assembly; 151. support plate; 152. roller; 16. adjustment assembly; 161. connecting block; 162. third threaded rod; 17. movable assembly; 171. movable wheel; 172. gear; 18. tooth plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention provides an auxiliary installation structure and method for electromechanical installation, including an outer frame 1, a control box 2 is fixedly installed on one side of the outer frame 1, a hydraulic cylinder 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the outer frame 1, an installation shell 4 is movably sleeved on the upper end of the inner side of the outer frame 1, a motor 6 is fixedly installed on the front end of the middle part of the installation shell 4, guide columns 5 are fixedly installed at the four corners inside the outer frame 1, a first transmission assembly 7 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the motor 6, and both ends of the first transmission assembly 7 are transmission-connected to the second transmission assembly 8. The bottom of 8 is engaged with a third transmission assembly 9, and the bottom of the third transmission assembly 9 is engaged with a fourth transmission assembly 13. The two ends of the bottom of the mounting housing 4 are movably sleeved with a clamping plate 11, and the bottom of the clamping plate 11 is fixedly mounted with a bottom plate 12. One end of the inside of the bottom plate 12 is movably sleeved with a support assembly 15, and the other end of the inside of the bottom plate 12 is movably sleeved with an extrusion assembly 14. The front end of the bottom of the mounting housing 4 is threadedly connected with an adjustment assembly 16, and the two ends of the adjustment assembly 16 are movably sleeved with a tooth plate 18, and the inner side of the tooth plate 18 is engaged with a movable assembly 17;

[0038] The above scheme is adopted: the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 3 can drive the bottom mounting shell 4, motor 6, first transmission assembly 7 and other structures to move up and down, so that the pipeline can be lifted conveniently, and the set motor 6 can synchronously drive the two clamping plates 11 to move toward or in the opposite direction when driving the first transmission assembly 7, second transmission assembly 8 and third transmission assembly 9 and other structures to rotate, so that the pipeline can be clamped, and through the cooperation of the extrusion assembly 14 and the support assembly 15 at the bottom, it is convenient to lift the pipeline from the bottom and support it when lifting the pipeline, ensuring the fixing effect of the pipeline, and can drive the connecting block 161 to move by rotating the third threaded rod 162, thereby moving the tooth plate 18, and then driving the gear 172 to rotate, so that the movable wheel 171 rotates, which can drive the pipeline to move in the axial direction, further improving the installation effect.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the mounting housing 4 includes an upper housing 41, a lower housing 42 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the upper housing 41, the lower housing 42 is fixedly connected to the motor 6, the two ends of the top of the lower housing 42 are fixedly connected to the limit housing 10, and the four corners of the lower housing 42 are movably connected to the guide column 5;

[0040] The above solution is adopted: the upper shell 41 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 3, so that the hydraulic cylinder 3 can drive the installation shell 4 to move up and down during operation, and the lower shell 42 is provided to support the motor 6, the limit shell 10 and other structures, and ensure the stability during up and down movement through cooperation with the guide column 5, thereby ensuring the stability of the installation.

[0041] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first transmission assembly 7 includes a first transmission wheel 71, the outer surface of the first transmission wheel 71 is connected to the transmission belt 72 for transmission, and the first transmission wheel 71 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 6, the second transmission assembly 8 includes a second transmission wheel 81, the rear end of the second transmission wheel 81 is fixedly mounted with a first bevel gear 82, the outer side of the second transmission wheel 81 is connected to the transmission belt 72 in the first transmission assembly 7, the third transmission assembly 9 includes a second bevel gear 91, the middle part of the second bevel gear 91 is fixedly mounted with a connecting rod 92, the bottom of the connecting rod 92 is fixedly mounted with a third bevel gear 93, the second bevel gear 91 is meshed with the first bevel gear 82 in the second transmission assembly 8, the fourth transmission assembly 13 includes a fourth bevel gear 131, the middle part of the fourth bevel gear 131 is fixedly mounted with a first threaded rod 132, the fourth bevel gear 131 is meshed with the third bevel gear 93 in the third transmission assembly 9, and the first threaded rod 132 is threadedly connected to the clamping plate 11;

[0042] The above solution is adopted: the first transmission assembly 7, the second transmission assembly 8 and the third transmission assembly 9 play a transmission role, which can drive the movement of the two clamping plates 11 through transmission when the motor 6 is working, and stably clamp the pipe.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown, the extrusion assembly 14 includes a movable block 141, the middle portion of which is threadedly connected to a second threaded rod 142, the second threaded rod 142 and the movable block 141 are both movably connected to the bottom plate 12, and the movable block 141 is provided with an inclined surface on the side close to the support assembly 15 and the end close to the support assembly 15 is made of a magnet;

[0044] The above solution is adopted: through the design of the movable block 141, it can move in the axial direction of the second threaded rod 142 under the rotation of the second threaded rod 142, so that the support plate 151 is squeezed by the inclined surface to achieve the purpose of adjusting the length of the support assembly 15 inside the base plate 12, so that the device is suitable for pipes of different sizes, and the movable block 141 and the support plate 151 are adsorbed by magnetic force to ensure that when the movable block 141 moves, the support plate 151 can move accordingly.

[0045] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the support assembly 15 includes a support plate 151. A roller 152 is movably sleeved on one end of the support plate 151 away from the bottom plate 12. An inclined surface is provided on the end of the support plate 151 located inside the bottom plate 12. There are two rollers 152. The rollers 152 contact the outer surface of the pipe when the pipe is installed. The end of the support plate 151 close to the extrusion assembly 14 is made of a magnet.

[0046] By adopting the above solution, the provided roller 152 can reduce the friction force when clamping the pipe, making the structure more reasonable and more stable.

[0047] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the adjustment assembly 16 includes a connecting block 161, a third threaded rod 162 is movably connected to the middle portion of the connecting block 161, both ends of the connecting block 161 are movably connected to the tooth plate 18, and the third threaded rod 162 is threadedly connected to the lower housing 42 in the mounting housing 4. The movable assembly 17 includes a movable wheel 171, a gear 172 is fixedly connected to the top of the movable wheel 171, the movable wheel 171 is movably connected to the clamping plate 11, and the gear 172 is engaged with the tooth plate 18;

[0048] By adopting the above solution, the connecting block 161 can be driven to move by rotating the third threaded rod 162, thereby moving the tooth plate 18, and then driving the gear 172 to rotate, and rotating the movable wheel 171, which can drive the pipeline to move in the axial direction, further improving the installation effect.

[0049] An auxiliary installation method for electromechanical installation, the specific operating steps of the method are:

[0050] First, move the device above the underground pipeline to be installed, and start the hydraulic cylinder 3 through the control box 2 to drive the installation shell 4 and the clamping plate 11 and other structures to move downward. Then, start the motor 6 through the control box 2, and the motor 6 drives the first transmission assembly 7, the second transmission assembly 8, the third transmission assembly 9 and the fourth transmission assembly 13 to transmit, so that the two clamping plates 11 move toward each other synchronously, and the underground pipeline is squeezed and supported by the support assembly 15. Then, start the hydraulic cylinder 3 to move upward to move the installation shell 4, the first transmission assembly 7 and other structures upward;

[0051] After the underground pipeline is lifted, the entire pushing device reaches the position where it needs to be installed. The hydraulic cylinder 3 is activated by the control box 2 to drive the installation shell 4 and the clamping plate 11 and other structures to move downward, so that the underground pipeline enters the installation position. At the same time, the design of the universal wheel at the bottom of the outer frame 1 can conveniently adjust the position of the pipeline for easy alignment. When it is necessary to fine-tune the axial direction of the pipeline, the third threaded rod 162 is rotated to drive the connecting block 161 to change the distance between it and the lower shell 42. At this time, the toothed plate 18 is driven by the connecting block 161 to move and drive the gear 172 to rotate. At this time, the movable wheel 171 rotates synchronously to drive the pipeline to adjust along the axial direction.

[0052] After the pipe is aligned and lowered, the motor 6 is started to drive the first transmission assembly 7, the second transmission assembly 8, the third transmission assembly 9 and the fourth transmission assembly 13 to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the two clamping plates 11 move synchronously in the reverse direction and release the position limit on the pipe;

[0053] For different pipes, the second threaded rod 142 in the extrusion assembly 14 can be rotated to drive the movable block 141 to move toward the rear end, thereby squeezing the support assembly 15, and then part of the support assembly 15 is moved out of the interior of the base plate 12, and then pipes of different diameters can be easily fixed.

[0054] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0055] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An auxiliary installation structure for electromechanical installation, comprising an outer frame (1), a control box (2) fixedly mounted on one side of the outer frame (1), characterized in that: A hydraulic cylinder (3) is fixedly mounted on the top of the outer frame (1), a mounting shell (4) is movably sleeved on the upper end of the inner side of the outer frame (1), a motor (6) is fixedly mounted on the front end of the middle part of the mounting shell (4), guide columns (5) are fixedly mounted on the four corners of the inner side of the outer frame (1), a first transmission assembly (7) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the motor (6), both ends of the first transmission assembly (7) are transmission-connected to the second transmission assembly (8), the bottom of the second transmission assembly (8) is engaged with the third transmission assembly (9), and the third transmission assembly (9) is fixedly mounted on the front end of the middle part of the mounting shell (4). The bottom is meshed with a fourth transmission component (13), the two ends of the bottom of the mounting shell (4) are movably sleeved with a clamping plate (11), the bottom of the clamping plate (11) is fixedly mounted with a bottom plate (12), one end of the interior of the bottom plate (12) is movably sleeved with a support component (15), the other end of the interior of the bottom plate (12) is movably sleeved with an extrusion component (14), the front end of the bottom of the mounting shell (4) is threadedly connected with an adjustment component (16), the two ends of the adjustment component (16) are movably sleeved with a tooth plate (18), and the inner side of the tooth plate (18) is meshed with a movable component (17); The mounting housing (4) comprises an upper housing (41), a lower housing (42) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the upper housing (41), the lower housing (42) is fixedly connected to the motor (6), both ends of the top of the lower housing (42) are fixedly connected to the limit housing (10), and the four corners of the lower housing (42) are movably connected to the guide column (5); The first transmission assembly (7) includes a first transmission wheel (71), the outer surface of the first transmission wheel (71) is connected to a transmission belt (72), and the first transmission wheel (71) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (6); The second transmission assembly (8) includes a second transmission wheel (81), a first bevel gear (82) is fixedly mounted on the rear end of the second transmission wheel (81), and the outer side of the second transmission wheel (81) is in transmission connection with the transmission belt (72) in the first transmission assembly (7); The third transmission assembly (9) includes a second helical gear (91), a connecting rod (92) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the second helical gear (91), a third helical gear (93) is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the connecting rod (92), and the second helical gear (91) is meshed with the first helical gear (82) in the second transmission assembly (8). The fourth transmission assembly (13) includes a fourth helical gear (131), a first threaded rod (132) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the fourth helical gear (131), the fourth helical gear (131) is meshed with the third helical gear (93) in the third transmission assembly (9), and the first threaded rod (132) is threadedly connected to the clamping plate (11); The adjustment assembly (16) includes a connecting block (161), a third threaded rod (162) is movably sleeved in the middle of the connecting block (161), both ends of the connecting block (161) are movably sleeved with the tooth plate (18), and the third threaded rod (162) is threadedly connected to the lower shell (42) in the mounting shell (4); The extrusion assembly (14) includes a movable block (141), a middle portion of the movable block (141) is threadedly connected to a second threaded rod (142), the second threaded rod (142) and the movable block (141) are both movably sleeved with the bottom plate (12), and a side of the movable block (141) close to the support assembly (15) is provided with an inclined surface, and an end close to the support assembly (15) is made of a magnet; The support assembly (15) comprises a support plate (151), one end of the support plate (151) away from the bottom plate (12) is movably sleeved with a roller (152), one end of the support plate (151) located inside the bottom plate (12) is provided with an inclined surface, there are two rollers (152), and the rollers (152) are in contact with the outer surface of the pipeline when the pipeline is installed, and one end of the support plate (151) close to the extrusion assembly (14) is made of a magnet; The movable assembly (17) comprises a movable wheel (171), the top of the movable wheel (171) is fixedly connected to a gear (172), the movable wheel (171) is movably sleeved with the splint (11), and the gear (172) is meshed with the toothed plate (18).

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