A mining method with balanced production stripping ratio

Abstract

This invention discloses a mining method for achieving a balanced stripping ratio, comprising the following steps: S1, determining the bench height: Based on rock properties, structure, drilling, and blasting methods, the final slope angle of the bench is determined. Further, based on the final slope angle, the width of the safety platform and the bench height are designed, resulting in the combined bench height H; S2, determining the bench height L based on the specifications of the stripping equipment, production safety requirements, and mining technology. Generally, the final slope can be divided into sections with 2-3 bench heights; S3, adjusting the combined bench H to be formed by combining two benches h1, thereby increasing the bench height. This invention effectively controls the amount of stripping in spatial location, enabling the mine to operate with a relatively stable stripping ratio over a longer period, ensuring sufficient secondary ore reserves, improving the efficiency of the mining machinery, reducing the number of benches from three to two, decreasing the frequency of frequent equipment adjustments, and increasing effective operating time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of open-pit mining technology, and in particular to a mining method for achieving a balanced production stripping ratio. Background Technology

[0002] The current skarn-type copper-molybdenum deposit exhibits early and late skarn mineralization. The occurrence of the ore body is directly controlled by geological fault zones. During the two phases of mineralization, the later mineralization geological tectonic movements, with crisscrossing faults, pushed the earlier ore body's occurrence to shift and converge in the later mineralization, resulting in an intersection between the ore body's occurrence and the primary strata's occurrence. The deposit's dip angle is variable, ranging from dipping to slightly dipping to gently dipping from top to bottom. Early construction employed a gentle slope mining method based on the dipping ore body. However, changes in the ore body's dip angle, horizontal displacement towards the hanging wall, and vertical fault pinch-out have delayed the stripping of the upper rock. Continuing with the original construction methods will lead to a secondary imbalance in ore volume, a significant stripping peak, a sharp decline in ore output, and a drastic reduction in production capacity.

[0003] Currently, mines both domestically and internationally mainly employ: the experience-based equalization method for gentle slope mining, the equalization production stripping ratio method for steep slope mining, and the equalization production stripping ratio method for phased mining. Traditional equalization stripping ratio methods have long implementation periods; transitioning from gentle slope mining to steep slope mining requires four years and cannot quickly resolve the current imbalance in ore reserves and the sharp decline in production capacity.

[0004] Existing technologies have the following problems:

[0005] Traditional balanced stripping ratio methods have a long construction transition period, a large production stripping ratio, and a complex production process layout.

[0006] To address these shortcomings, we propose a mining method with a balanced production stripping ratio. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a mining method with a balanced production stripping ratio.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a mining method for achieving a balanced stripping ratio, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Determine the height of the combined steps: Based on the rock properties, structure, drilling and blasting methods, determine the final slope angle of the steps, and further design the width of the combined safety platform and the height of the combined steps based on the final slope angle, which is the combined step height H.

[0010] S2. Determine the bench height L based on the specifications of the mining and stripping equipment, production safety requirements, and mining process. Generally, the final slope can be divided into sections with a height of 2-3 benches.

[0011] S3. Adjust the step H to be formed by combining two steps h1 to increase the step height.

[0012] S4. Divide the combined bench H into sections based on the horizontal height of the safety platform or cleaning platform after each section, and arrange mining operations with the level of the safety platform or cleaning platform as the reference level. Simultaneously arrange blast holes in the original first bench n (block A1) and the adjacent next bench n+1 (block B1) to form a blasting operation area B. First, carry out a blasting operation on the original production bench n (area A) and area B respectively to create a certain safe distance between the upper and lower benches.

[0013] S5. Now, by simultaneously advancing the original production bench n (A1 area), B1 area and C area, a combined inclined strip bench mining mode is formed. After several cycles, the first parallel bench is adjusted from 3 benches to 2 benches. Then, the other parallel benches are adjusted in the same way. The adjusted benches are then combined into an inclined strip bench mining mode, which will transition the gentle slope mining to the steep slope striping mode in a short period of time.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3: rapidly transitioning from gentle slope mining to steep working slope stripping, the mining operation includes the following steps:

[0015] First, locate suitable areas to place blast holes. Place blast holes with a depth of h in step n (block A1) and blast holes with a depth of h1 in step n+1 (block B1).

[0016] Secondly, based on the hole layout, the blasting design was designed, and the sequential blasting scheme was applied to simultaneously detonate blocks A1 and B1, so that block B1 was brought down to a new working level m.

[0017] Then, load-loading equipment is deployed for shoveling operations. First, an excavator is deployed on step n to shovel the B1 blasting area. After the shoveling work is completed, a new perforated step m will be formed. Then, another excavator is deployed at level n-1 below step n to shovel the A1 blasting area.

[0018] Preferably, based on the ore body endowment, a high-beam steep-slope stripping zone is formed above the ore body exposure level, and a low-beam gentle-slope mining zone is formed at and below the ore body exposure level.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) This invention effectively controls the amount of rock stripping in terms of spatial location, enabling the mine to mine at a relatively stable production stripping ratio over a longer period of time, thus ensuring a sufficient amount of secondary ore.

[0021] (2) This invention improves the efficiency of mining machinery, reducing the original three steps to two steps, reducing the frequency of frequent adjustments of machinery and equipment, and increasing the effective working time.

[0022] (3) This invention reduces mining costs. The original three steps are reduced to two steps, reducing the clearing of one step face and saving the amount of explosives used on one working platform. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial process layout for a mining method with a balanced stripping ratio proposed in this invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the blasting area layout for a mining method with a balanced stripping ratio proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A sectional view.

[0027] Legend:

[0028] 1. Bench height; 2. Original low bench height; 3. Adjusted high bench height; 4. Blasting area; 5. Ore body; 6. Excavator; 7. Mining zone; 8. High bench stripping zone; 9. Low bench mining area. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1-3 A mining method for achieving a balanced production stripping ratio includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Determine the height of the combined steps: Based on the rock properties, structure, drilling and blasting methods, determine the final slope angle of the steps. Further design the width of the combined safety platform and the height of the combined steps based on the final slope angle, which is the combined step height H. The combined step height is 24 meters.

[0032] S2. Determine the bench height L based on the specifications of the mining and stripping equipment, production safety requirements, and mining process. Generally, the final slope can be divided into sections with a height of 2-3 benches. Specifically, the bench height is 8 meters, and sections are divided into sections with a height of 3 benches.

[0033] S3. The original gentle slope mining section with a 24-meter bench was formed by combining three 8-meter benches. This invention, to facilitate a rapid transition to steep slope mining, adjusts the bench height by combining two 8-meter benches (H1), increasing the bench height. Specifically, as follows... Figure 3 As shown.

[0034] S4. Divide the combined benches into 24-meter sections based on the horizontal height of the safety and cleaning platforms after each section is completed. Arrange mining operations using the safety and cleaning platform levels as the baseline. Simultaneously place blast holes at the original 692 level (Block A1) and 700 level (Block B1) to form Area B for a single blasting operation. Then, conduct blasting operations at the original 684 level (Area A) and Area B of the combined level, respectively, to create a safe distance between the upper and lower benches.

[0035] S5. Now, combining the simultaneous advancement of the original 684 level (Area A), combined level B, and 700 level C, a sloping strip combined bench mining mode is formed. After several cycles, the first parallel bench is adjusted from 3 benches to 2 benches. Following this plan, the other parallel benches are adjusted, and the adjusted benches are combined into a sloping strip combined bench mining mode. This will transition the gentle slope mining to the steep slope striping mode in a short period of time. Figure 2 As shown.

[0036] Specifically, in S3: the mining operation process includes the following steps: quickly transitioning from gentle slope mining to steep slope stripping.

[0037] First, locate suitable areas to place blast holes. Place blast holes at a depth of 8 meters on the 692 level working face and at a depth of 12 meters on the 700 level working face. Figure 2 As shown.

[0038] At the same time, based on the hole layout, the blasting design was designed, and the hole-by-hole blasting scheme was applied to simultaneously detonate blocks A1 and B1, so that block B1 was reduced to a new working face level of 688.

[0039] Then, loading equipment is deployed for loading operations. First, an excavator is deployed at level 692 to load the B1 blasting area. After the loading work is completed, a new working face at level 688 will be formed. Then, an excavator is deployed at level 684 to load the A1 blasting area.

[0040] Specifically, based on the characteristics of the ore body, a 12-meter-high steep-slope stripping zone was formed above the ore body exposure level, while an 8-meter-high gentle-slope mining area was formed at and below the ore body exposure level.

[0041] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative or explanatory of the principles of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all variations and modifications falling within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or equivalent forms of such scope and boundaries.

Claims

1. A mining method to equalize the stripping ratio of production, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: S1, determining and segmenting the step height: according to the rock properties, structure, perforation, blasting method to determine the final slope angle of the step, and further according to the final slope angle to design the segment safety platform width and the segment step height, that is, the combined step height H, wherein the combined step height H is 24 meters; S2, according to the specifications of the stripping equipment, production safety requirements and mining process to determine the step height L, wherein the step height L is 8 meters, and the final slope is segmented by 3 step heights; S3, adjusting the segment step H formed by 2 steps to improve the step height; S4, dividing the segment combined step H by the horizontal height of each segment safety platform or cleaning platform, and arranging the mining operation based on the horizontal safety platform or cleaning platform, and arranging the blast hole in A1 block and B1 block at the same time, for one-time blasting operation B block; first, A block and B block are subjected to one-time blasting operation respectively, so that the upper and lower two steps are pulled apart by a certain safety distance; S5, now combined with A block, B block and C block advancing at the same time to form an inclined strip combined step mining mode, after several cycles, the first segment step is adjusted from the original 3 steps to 2 steps, and the other segment steps are adjusted in this way, and the adjusted steps are combined into an inclined strip combined step mining mode, which will transition from gentle slope mining to steep slope stripping mode in a short period of time, forming a 12-meter-high step steep slope stripping area above the horizontal level of the ore body, and an 8-meter-low step gentle slope mining area below the horizontal level of the ore body; wherein A1 block is located at the original first step n, B1 block is located at the adjacent upper step n+1, A block is located at the adjacent lower step n-1, and C block is located at the adjacent upper step n+1; In S3, the gentle slope mining is quickly transitioned to steep working slope stripping, and the mining operation process comprises the following steps: First, arrange the blast hole in the appropriate area, arrange the blast hole in A1 block working surface to a depth of 8 meters, and arrange the blast hole in B1 block working surface to a depth of 12 meters; Second, design the blasting design according to the hole arrangement, and simultaneously detonate A1 block and B1 block by applying the hole-by-hole blasting scheme, so that B1 block is lowered to a new working surface; Then, arrange the shovel loading equipment to perform shovel loading operation, first arrange a shovel on the horizontal level of the original first step n to perform shovel loading operation on the B1 blasting area, after the shovel loading operation is completed, the new working surface is formed, and then arrange a shovel on the horizontal level of the adjacent lower step n-1 to perform shovel loading operation on the A1 blasting area.

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