Liquid crystal display device, manufacturing method and using method

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid crystal display device, a manufacturing method and a use method. The liquid crystal display device of one embodiment comprises a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel comprising a plurality of sub-pixels of different colors; the liquid crystal display device further comprises an optical path equivalent color film layer, the optical path equivalent color film layer comprising a filter cavity corresponding to each sub-pixel, the optical path equivalent color film layer comprising a first film layer group shared by each filter cavity and a second film layer matched with the corresponding sub-pixel for each filter cavity, wherein the first film layer group is used to form a preset reflectivity of the filter cavity; and the second film layer is used to adjust the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity to transmit light of the color of the corresponding sub-pixel. The liquid crystal display device provided by the application filters and transmits light of different colors through the filter cavity corresponding to each sub-pixel in the optical path equivalent color film layer, realizes the color film function, improves the light output efficiency, and has a practical application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a liquid crystal display device, a manufacturing method, and a method of using it. Background Technology

[0002] A liquid crystal display (LCD) is an active-matrix liquid crystal display driven by thin-film transistors. It uses a backlight or lamp panel to provide a light source, and an electric current drives the liquid crystal molecules. The brightness and darkness of the liquid crystal molecules are controlled by switching modes, thus creating the displayed image. The unit structure of an LCD consists of a driving circuit and a liquid crystal molecule structure, essentially acting as an electro-optical conversion element. Under the influence of an electric field, the transmittance of the light source is modulated by changing the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, thereby achieving changes in brightness.

[0003] To achieve RGB display, the device structure incorporates red, green, and blue primary color filters, controlled by different current signals, ultimately achieving high-definition, high-resolution, and wide-color-gamut color display. Traditional color filters are constructed from resin materials and, as wavelength-dependent absorptive elements, have a transmittance of only 28-30%, significantly limiting the device's luminous efficiency and thus increasing overall power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve at least one of the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device, comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel comprising a plurality of sub-pixels of different colors;

[0005] The liquid crystal display device further includes an optical path equivalent color filter layer, which includes filter cavities corresponding to each sub-pixel. The optical path equivalent color filter layer includes a first film layer group shared by all filter cavities, and a second film layer matched between each filter cavity and its corresponding sub-pixel.

[0006] The first film layer group is used to form the preset reflectivity of the filter cavity;

[0007] The second film layer is used to adjust the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity to transmit light of the color of the corresponding sub-pixel.

[0008] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, the second film layer of each filter cavity is made of the same material, and the thickness of the second film layer corresponds to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity.

[0009] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, the second film layer of each filter cavity has the same thickness, and the equivalent refractive index of the second film layer corresponds to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity.

[0010] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, the second film layer of each filter cavity is a different material whose refractive index corresponds to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity.

[0011] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, the second film layer of each filter cavity includes a metasurface structure, and the metasurface structure forms an equivalent refractive index corresponding to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity.

[0012] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, each pixel includes a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel, wherein,

[0013] The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the red sub-pixel includes a first refractive index material;

[0014] The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the blue sub-pixel includes a second refractive index material;

[0015] The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the green sub-pixel includes a wire grid structure formed by the first refractive index material and a second refractive index material filling the wire grid structure.

[0016] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, each pixel includes a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel, wherein,

[0017] The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the red sub-pixel includes a third refractive index material;

[0018] The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the blue sub-pixel includes a fourth refractive index material;

[0019] The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the green sub-pixel includes a cylindrical unit structure formed by the third refractive index material and a fourth refractive index material that fills the adjacent cylindrical unit structures.

[0020] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, the first film layer group includes an overlapping fifth refractive index film layer and a sixth refractive index film layer.

[0021] The refractive index difference between the fifth refractive index film layer and the sixth refractive index film layer is greater than or equal to 0.5.

[0022] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, the first film layer group includes a first sub-film layer group and a second sub-film layer group, and the second film layer is disposed between the first sub-film layer group and the second sub-film layer group.

[0023] For example, in some embodiments of the liquid crystal display device provided in this application, the liquid crystal display device includes a backlight structure, a liquid crystal layer, and a cover plate stacked together.

[0024] The optical path equivalent color filter layer is disposed on the cover plate, or between the liquid crystal layer and the cover plate, or between the backlight structure and the liquid crystal layer.

[0025] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device as described in the first aspect, comprising:

[0026] An optical path equivalent color filter layer is formed, the optical path equivalent color filter layer including filter cavities corresponding one-to-one with a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in the array of the liquid crystal display device, the optical path equivalent color filter layer including a first film layer group shared by each filter cavity, and a second film layer matched by each filter cavity to the corresponding sub-pixel, the first film layer group including a first sub-film layer group and a second sub-film layer group; further including:

[0027] The first sub-film layer group of the optical path equivalent color filter layer is formed by vapor deposition;

[0028] A second film layer is formed on the first sub-film layer group, the second film layer being used to adjust the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity to transmit light of the color of the corresponding sub-pixel;

[0029] A second sub-film group is formed on the second film layer by vapor deposition of the optical path equivalent color film layer.

[0030] For example, in some embodiments of the manufacturing method provided in this application, the second film layer of each filter cavity includes a metasurface structure, and the formation of the second film layer on the first sub-film layer group further includes:

[0031] The main structure of the metasurface structure is constructed on the first sub-film layer using a seventh refractive index material via nanoimprinting.

[0032] The main structure is filled and planarized using an eighth refractive index material through a chemical surface saturation reaction.

[0033] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method of using the liquid crystal display device described in the first aspect, comprising:

[0034] Filtering the light of the liquid crystal display device using an optical path equivalent color filter layer further includes:

[0035] The light is filtered using a filter cavity that corresponds one-to-one with each sub-pixel of the liquid crystal display device using an optical path color filter layer. The first film layer group of the filter cavity reflects the incident light according to a preset reflectivity.

[0036] The second film layer of the filter cavity adjusts the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity according to the color of the corresponding sub-pixel so that light of the corresponding color can pass through.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0038] This invention addresses existing problems by providing a liquid crystal display device, manufacturing method, and usage method. The liquid crystal display device uses an optical path equivalent color filter layer instead of a resin-based color filter layer. Specifically, different colors of light are filtered and transmitted through filter cavities corresponding to each sub-pixel in the optical path equivalent color filter layer. A shared first film layer group forms the preset reflectivity of the filter cavity for each sub-pixel. A second film layer matched to each sub-pixel adjusts the equivalent optical path of each filter cavity to transmit the corresponding color light. This significantly improves the light extraction efficiency of the liquid crystal display device while achieving the color filter layer's filtering function, thus overcoming the problems existing in the prior art and demonstrating practical application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the structure of a liquid crystal display panel in the related art.

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a dielectric-type color filter used in a liquid crystal display panel in the related technology is shown;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the structure of the optical path equivalent color filter layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the structure of the optical path equivalent color filter layer according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the structure of the optical path equivalent color filter layer according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the structure of the optical path equivalent color filter layer according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8A schematic diagram of the metasurface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0048] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0049] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the backlight spectrum of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the backlight spectrum of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the following description, in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, further explains the invention. Similar components in the drawings are indicated by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific description below is illustrative rather than restrictive and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that the terms "on," "formed on," and "set on" used in this document can indicate that one layer is directly formed or set on another layer, or that one layer is indirectly formed or set on another layer, meaning that there are other layers between the two layers. In this document, unless otherwise stated, the term "located on the same layer" means that two layers, components, elements, or parts can be formed through the same patterning process, and that these two layers, components, elements, or parts are generally formed of the same material. In this document, unless otherwise stated, the description of "patterning process" generally includes steps such as photoresist coating, exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping. The description of "one-time patterning process" refers to a process that uses a single photomask to form patterned layers, components, elements, etc.

[0053] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a schematic representation of a liquid crystal display device in the related art, including a backlight structure 110, a lower polarizer 120, a glass substrate 130, an insulating layer 160, a liquid crystal layer 170, a spacer layer 150, a resin color filter layer 140, a glass cover plate 180, and an upper polarizer 190. Since the resin material is a wavelength-dependent absorptive element with a transmittance of only 28-30%, it significantly limits the device's luminous efficiency, thus leading to an increase in overall power consumption.

[0054] To optimize the transmittance loss of traditional absorptive color filters, related technologies employ a dielectric film stacking scheme. This involves constructing a stacked film system using dielectric materials with high and low refractive index differences. Based on the enhanced interference of the film layers, high transmittance in the target wavelength band is achieved. For example... Figure 2The diagram shows a color filter structure design scheme formed by stacking dielectric films. Different dielectric films are stacked to form a color filter medium with high transmittance for light of different wavelengths, such as forming a blue filter dielectric film layer 210, a green filter dielectric film layer 220, and a red filter dielectric film layer 230. However, since the thickness of the filter dielectric film layers for different colors of light is different, the manufacturing process is complicated, which is not conducive to mass production and application.

[0055] In response to the above situation, the inventors conducted extensive research and experiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, a liquid crystal display device is proposed, including a backlight structure 10, a liquid crystal layer 12, and a cover plate 13 stacked together, and an optical path equivalent color filter layer 11. The liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel including a plurality of sub-pixels of different colors. The optical path equivalent color filter layer includes a filter cavity corresponding to each sub-pixel. The optical path equivalent color filter layer includes a first film layer group 111 shared by each filter cavity and a second film layer 112 matched by each filter cavity to the corresponding sub-pixel. The first film layer group 111 is used to form a preset reflectivity of the filter cavity. The second film layer 112 is used to adjust the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity to transmit light of the color of the corresponding sub-pixel.

[0056] In this embodiment, the optical path equivalent color filter layer is a color filter function that achieves color filtering based on a metasurface dielectric film structure. The main principle is based on the wavelength filtering principle of a Fabry-Perot resonator (FP cavity). The FP cavity consists of a structure and cavity built with a high-reflectivity material, and the equivalent cavity length determines the wavelengths that can be transmitted. The basic filtering conditions are:

[0057]

[0058] Where n is the cavity refractive index, d is the cavity length, m is the filter mode order, and λ0 is the transmission wavelength of the FP cavity. and This represents the phase value of the reflective structure with respect to the filtered wavelength. To achieve the filtering effect of the LCD color filter and meet the color gamut requirements of the LCD display, the RGB color filter design needs to implement RGB filtering for the LCD backlight spectrum, ensuring that the transmittance of the target wavelength at the R, G, and B pixels is >90%, and the transmittance of other wavelengths is <10%. This allows the LCD display to ultimately meet the color gamut requirements. The specific backlight spectrum of the LCD is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, it has high transmittance for three target wavelength bands: blue light at 450nm, green light at 520nm, and red light at 620nm, thus meeting the filtering requirements of RGB color film.

[0059] Combining the glass-based process capabilities and structural requirements of LCD display devices, a dielectric film stack structure is selected to construct a high-reflectivity film structure. Through glass-based processes, high reflectivity performance can be achieved by stacking corresponding material systems. Combined with the matching design of the cavity refractive index n and cavity length d, filtering performance can be achieved. Therefore, the inventors point out that the design of the optical path equivalent color filter layer can be divided into two parts: one is the design of a high-reflectivity film layer based on the dielectric film stack structure, and the other is the design of the wavelength filtering cavity structure. Considering that each filtering cavity has the same high-reflectivity cavity, and the refractive index requirements of the cavity structure for different target wavelength bands, the inventors propose that each filtering cavity share a first film layer group 111 for constructing the high-reflectivity cavity, and a second film layer 112 that independently forms a specific refractive index corresponding to the color of the sub-pixel, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty and simplifying the manufacturing process.

[0060] The design of the high-reflectivity film is based on the overlapping arrangement of high-refractive-index (material refractive index nh) and low-refractive-index dielectric films (material refractive index nl) structures. Through the refractive index difference and thin-film interference theory, a DBR (distributed Bragg reflection) film design is achieved, achieving high reflectivity in the target wavelength band and low transmittance in non-target wavelength bands. The core parameters for the dielectric DBR high-reflectivity film design are the response wavelength λ0 and the reflectivity R. The reflectivity R is determined by the actual spectral width FWHM, specifically:

[0061]

[0062] To achieve RGB band filtering, the reflectivity needs to be greater than 90%. Based on the selection of high and low refractive index materials and the design of the film stacking method, the phase value of the reflective structure with respect to the filtering wavelength is determined to meet the reflectivity requirements of the film structure. and Therefore, based on the FP cavity formula (1) and the refractive index range of the DBR material (nl~nh), the dielectric cavity thickness d and mode m are designed to match the target wavelength red light wavelength λ. r Green light wavelength λ g Blue light wavelength λ b The high transmittance requirement is addressed. Building upon this, a further optimization of the film refractive index and stacking scheme is achieved by setting a control scheme for the transmittance of the cutoff band. For example, for red light, the target wavelength of 620nm is chosen as the high transmittance, while other target wavelengths, such as 450nm for blue light and 520nm for green light, are used as cutoff bands. Furthermore, the wavelengths, peak transmittance, and reflectance of the three target wavelengths (red, green, and blue, RGB) can be set, and the resonant cavity refractive index can be set according to the material selection range. This allows for direct optimization of the top and bottom layer film thicknesses, ensuring that the transmittance of the target wavelengths and the transmittance of the cutoff bands meet the requirements under different filter cavity refractive indices.

[0063] The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment uses an optical path equivalent color filter layer instead of a color filter layer constructed of resin material. Specifically, different colors of light are filtered and transmitted through filter cavities in the optical path equivalent color filter layer that correspond one-to-one with each sub-pixel. The preset reflectivity of the filter cavity of each sub-pixel is formed by a shared first film layer group. Then, the equivalent optical path of each filter cavity is adjusted by a second film layer matched with each sub-pixel to transmit the corresponding color light. On the basis of realizing the light filtering function of the color filter layer, the light extraction efficiency of the liquid crystal display device is greatly improved, thereby making up for the problems existing in the prior art and having practical application prospects.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the first film layer group includes an overlapping high-refractive-index film layer and a low-refractive-index film layer, wherein the refractive index difference between the high-refractive-index film layer and the low-refractive-index film layer is greater than or equal to 0.5.

[0065] In this embodiment, a high reflectivity cavity is constructed by stacking two materials with a refractive index difference greater than or equal to 0.5. Furthermore, the greater the refractive index difference, the thinner the overall thickness of the filter cavity becomes.

[0066] Based on the first film layer group shared by all filter cavities in the optical path equivalent color filter layer and the second film layer independent for each filter cavity, in an optional embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second film layer 112 of each filter cavity is made of the same material, and the thickness of the second film layer corresponds to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity.

[0067] In this embodiment, a common first film layer group 111 is formed by stacking dark-colored films with high-refractive-index dielectric materials and light-colored films with low-refractive-index dielectric materials alternately. The first film layer group constructs a high-reflectivity cavity with the same structure for RGB sub-pixels by stacking high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index materials. Then, a second film layer 112 with different cavity refractive indices is formed using materials with the same refractive index. Since the second film layer 112 corresponding to each sub-pixel is made of the same material, film layers with different thicknesses are formed for different color sub-pixels to achieve different cavity refractive indices of the filter cavity. That is, by setting the second film layer 112 with different thicknesses, the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity is changed, thereby achieving filtering of light of different wavelengths. In other words, the optical path equivalent color filter layer uses the common first film layer group to form high reflectivity for each filter cavity, and achieves high transmission for light of different wavelengths through different second film layers, thereby realizing the color filter function.

[0068] However, considering that using the same material to construct filter cavities of different colors results in different thicknesses of each filter cavity in the optical path equivalent color filter layer, in an optional embodiment, the thickness of the second film layer of each filter cavity is the same, and the equivalent refractive index of the second film layer corresponds to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity.

[0069] In this embodiment, by using a second film layer with different equivalent refractive indices, different cavity refractive indices are achieved, so that each filter cavity has a uniform thickness and satisfies the optical path equivalent color filter layer for filtering transmission, thereby facilitating the assembly and production of the liquid crystal display device.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the second film layer 112 of each filter cavity is made of a different material whose refractive index corresponds to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity.

[0071] Specifically, the optical path equivalent color filter layer 11 includes filter cavities 11-B, 11-G, and 11-R, which correspond to three different color sub-pixels, respectively. It has a shared first film layer group 111 and an independent second film layer 112. The second film layer 112 is made of three materials with different refractive indices. Each material corresponds to the color of the sub-pixel of its respective filter cavity. That is, different refractive index materials are used to form the cavity refractive indices of different filter cavities, thereby achieving high transmittance of light in different target wavelength bands to realize the color filter function.

[0072] Considering that introducing three materials with different refractive indices increases the difficulty of the manufacturing process, in another alternative embodiment, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the second film layer 112 of each filter cavity includes a metasurface structure, which forms an equivalent refractive index corresponding to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity.

[0073] In this embodiment, the change in refractive index of the second film layer 112 is achieved by constructing a metasurface structure. A high-refractive-index material is used to construct the metasurface structure, and a low-refractive-index material is used to fill it, thereby achieving an equivalent refractive index n. eff The design of the metasurface structure. The equivalent refractive index expression is given by formula (3):

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] in, Let f be the 0th order refractive index of the TE and TM modes of the structure, f be the duty cycle of the structure, P be the period of the structure, λ be the target wavelength, and n be the refractive index of the structure. l For low refractive index, n h The second film layer 112 of the filter cavity corresponding to each sub-pixel in this embodiment has the same thickness d but different refractive indices. The refractive index is constructed by etching a high-refractive metasurface structure and filling with a low-refractive material. That is, the equivalent refractive index is changed through structural design, thereby meeting the refractive index requirements of the filtering conditions for transmitting red, green, and blue (RGB) light.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, each pixel includes a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the red sub-pixel includes a first refractive index material; the second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the blue sub-pixel includes a second refractive index material; and the second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the green sub-pixel includes a wire grid structure formed by the first refractive index material and the second refractive index material filling the wire grid structure.

[0078] In this embodiment, the optical path equivalent color filter layer 11 includes filter cavities 11-B, 11-G, and 11-R, which correspond to three different color sub-pixels, respectively. The structural expression of the optical path equivalent color filter layer is as follows:

[0079] (LH)^14(L) + resonant cavity + (LH)^9

[0080] In this context, L represents a low-refractive-index film, H represents a high-refractive-index film, and the resonant cavity is formed by the second film.

[0081] The optical path equivalent color filter layer includes a first film layer group 111 shared by all filter cavities and an independent second film layer 112. The first film layer group includes a first sub-film layer group and a second sub-film layer group, and the second film layer is disposed between the first sub-film layer group and the second sub-film layer group. Specifically, the first sub-film layer group is the lower layer structure of the filter cavity, i.e., (LH)^14(L), including 15 L layers and 14 H layers overlapping therein; the second sub-film layer group is the upper layer structure of the filter cavity, i.e., (LH)^9, including 9 L layers and 9 H layers overlapping therein. The second film layer, forming the resonant cavity, has a thickness of 178.59 nm and is a metasurface structure. Specifically, the second film layer for the 11-R red sub-pixel is a niobium pentoxide film; the second film layer for the 11-B blue sub-pixel is a magnesium fluoride film; and the 11-G green sub-pixel 1121 is a wire grid structure constructed from niobium pentoxide 11211 and filled with magnesium fluoride 11212, with a duty cycle of 0.55. The overall optical path equivalent color filter layer thickness is 3.47 μm.

[0082] In one specific embodiment, each pixel includes a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the red sub-pixel includes a third refractive index material; the second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the blue sub-pixel includes a fourth refractive index material; and the second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the green sub-pixel includes a cylindrical unit structure formed by the third refractive index material and the fourth refractive index material filling adjacent cylindrical unit structures.

[0083] In this embodiment, the optical path equivalent color filter layer 11 includes filter cavities 11-B, 11-G, and 11-R, which correspond to three different color sub-pixels, respectively. The structural expression of the optical path equivalent color filter layer is as follows:

[0084] (LH)^14(L) + resonant cavity + (LH)^9

[0085] In this context, L represents a low-refractive-index film, H represents a high-refractive-index film, and the resonant cavity is formed by the second film.

[0086] The optical path equivalent color filter layer includes a first film layer group 111 shared by all filter cavities and an independent second film layer 112. The first film layer group includes a first sub-film layer group and a second sub-film layer group, and the second film layer is disposed between the first sub-film layer group and the second sub-film layer group. Specifically, the first sub-film layer group is the lower layer structure of the filter cavity, i.e., (LH)^14(L), including 15 L layers and 14 H layers overlapping therein; the second sub-film layer group is the upper layer structure of the filter cavity, i.e., (LH)^9, including 9 L layers and 9 H layers overlapping therein.

[0087] The second film layer forms the resonant cavity; specifically, it is a metasurface structure with a cylindrical unit structure. Specifically, the second film layer of the red sub-pixel is a niobium pentoxide film layer; the second film layer of the blue sub-pixel is a magnesium fluoride film layer; and the second film layer of the green sub-pixel is... Figure 8 The cylindrical unit structure shown is formed by niobium pentoxide 11211 forming cylindrical units, and magnesium fluoride 11212 filling the regions of adjacent cylindrical units, with a duty cycle of 0.55. The period of the cylindrical unit structure is Px = Py = 200 nm, and the height of the cylindrical unit structure is the same as the thickness of the second film layer, H = 178.59 nm. The equivalent refractive index of the cylindrical unit structure can be converted into a relationship between the structural radius r and the period P. Based on the duty cycle requirement, the cylindrical radius r = 83.68 nm in this embodiment can be calculated.

[0088] In actual experiments, using, for example Figure 7 The optical path equivalent color filter layer shown, and including, for example Figure 8 The cylindrical unit structure's equivalent color filter layer filters red, green, and blue (RGB) light, resulting in a filtering effect on the LCD backlight spectrum as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the wavelength transmittance for the target RGB bands is >90%, and the corresponding cutoff transmittance is less than 10%. Based on the 6µm pixel size, the frontal viewing angle field is 85%, and the 10° viewing angle deviation is 0.02, making it suitable for narrow viewing angle display requirements, such as privacy displays and near-eye light field displays.

[0089] In an optional embodiment, the liquid crystal display device includes a backlight structure, a liquid crystal layer, and a cover plate stacked together, wherein the optical path equivalent color filter layer is disposed on the cover plate, or between the liquid crystal layer and the cover plate, or between the backlight structure and the liquid crystal layer.

[0090] In this embodiment, since the optical path equivalent color filter layer filters and transmits incident light, the optical path equivalent color filter layer can be disposed at multiple locations in the liquid crystal display device. For example, it can be disposed on the cover plate of the liquid crystal display device to filter and transmit light emitted from the cover plate; for example, it can be disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the cover plate to filter and transmit light emitted from the liquid crystal layer; considering the manufacturing process, it can also be disposed between the backlight structure and the liquid crystal layer, that is, to filter and transmit backlight before it enters the liquid crystal layer.

[0091] It should be noted that this application does not impose specific limitations on this. Those skilled in the art should set it according to actual application needs, with the design principle being to achieve the filtering and transmission function of the optical path equivalent color filter layer. Further details will not be elaborated here.

[0092] like Figure 9 As shown, a liquid crystal display device including an optical path equivalent color filter layer specifically includes: a backlight structure 310, a lower polarizer 320, a glass substrate 330, an optical path equivalent color filter layer 340, a spacer layer 350, an insulating layer 360, a liquid crystal layer 370, a glass cover plate 380, and an upper polarizer 390.

[0093] Corresponding to the liquid crystal display device provided in the above embodiments, one embodiment of this application also provides a method of using the above liquid crystal display device, including: filtering the light of the liquid crystal display device using an optical path equivalent color filter layer, further including: filtering using a filter cavity of the optical path color filter layer that corresponds one-to-one with each sub-pixel of the liquid crystal display device, wherein the first film layer group of the filter cavity reflects the incident light according to a preset reflectivity; and adjusting the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity using a second film layer of the filter cavity according to the color of the corresponding sub-pixel to transmit light of the corresponding color.

[0094] In this embodiment, the liquid crystal display device filters and transmits different colors of light through filter cavities in the optical path equivalent color filter layer that correspond one-to-one with each sub-pixel. A shared first film layer group is used to form the preset reflectivity of the filter cavity of each sub-pixel. Then, the equivalent optical path of each filter cavity is adjusted by the second film layer matched with each sub-pixel to transmit the corresponding color light. On the basis of realizing the light filtering function of the color filter layer, the light extraction efficiency of the liquid crystal display device is greatly improved, thereby making up for the problems existing in the prior art and having practical application prospects.

[0095] Since the usage method provided in this application corresponds to the liquid crystal display device provided in the above embodiments, the usage method provided in this embodiment is also applicable to the previous embodiments, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0096] Based on the above-described liquid crystal display device, one embodiment of this application also provides a method for manufacturing the above-described liquid crystal display device, comprising: forming an optical path equivalent color filter layer, the optical path equivalent color filter layer comprising filter cavities corresponding one-to-one with a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array of the liquid crystal display device, the optical path equivalent color filter layer comprising a first film layer group shared by each filter cavity and a second film layer matched by each filter cavity and a corresponding sub-pixel, the first film layer group comprising a first sub-film layer group and a second sub-film layer group; further comprising: forming the first sub-film layer group of the optical path equivalent color filter layer by vapor deposition; forming a second film layer on the first sub-film layer group, the second film layer being used to adjust the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity to transmit light of the color of the corresponding sub-pixel; and forming the second sub-film layer group of the optical path equivalent color filter layer on the second film layer by vapor deposition.

[0097] In this embodiment, different colors of light are filtered and transmitted through the filter cavities in the optical path equivalent color filter layer that correspond one-to-one with each sub-pixel. The preset reflectivity of the filter cavity of each sub-pixel is formed by the shared first film layer group. Then, the equivalent optical path of each filter cavity is adjusted by the second film layer matched with each sub-pixel to transmit the corresponding color light. On the basis of realizing the light filtering function of the color filter layer, the light extraction efficiency of the liquid crystal display device is greatly improved.

[0098] In an optional embodiment, the second film layer of each filter cavity includes a metasurface structure, and the formation of the second film layer on the first sub-film layer group further includes: constructing the main structure of the metasurface structure on the first sub-film layer group using a seventh refractive index material through a nanoimprinting process; and filling and planarizing the main structure using an eighth refractive index material through a chemical surface saturation reaction.

[0099] In this embodiment, a second film layer of metasurface structure is fabricated through nanoimprinting and chemical surface saturation reaction, thereby adapting to the filtering and transmission of red, green, and blue (RGB) light.

[0100] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that, It includes multiple pixels arranged in an array, and each pixel includes multiple sub-pixels of different colors; The liquid crystal display device further includes an optical path equivalent color filter layer, which includes filter cavities corresponding to each sub-pixel. The optical path equivalent color filter layer includes a first film layer group shared by all filter cavities, and a second film layer matched between each filter cavity and its corresponding sub-pixel. The first film layer group is used to form the preset reflectivity of the filter cavity; The second film layer is used to adjust the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity to transmit light of the color of the corresponding sub-pixel; The second film layer of each filter cavity has the same thickness, and the equivalent refractive index of the second film layer corresponds to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity. The second film layer of each filter cavity includes a metasurface structure, and the metasurface structure forms an equivalent refractive index corresponding to the color of the sub-pixel corresponding to the filter cavity. Each pixel includes a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the red sub-pixel includes a first refractive index material, the second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the blue sub-pixel includes a second refractive index material, and the second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the green sub-pixel includes a wire grid structure formed by the first refractive index material and the second refractive index material filling the wire grid structure. The duty cycle is 0.55, and the overall optical path equivalent color filter layer thickness is 3.47 μm. or Each pixel includes a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. The second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the red sub-pixel includes a third refractive index material, the second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the blue sub-pixel includes a fourth refractive index material, and the second film layer of the filter cavity corresponding to the green sub-pixel includes a cylindrical unit structure formed by the third refractive index material and the fourth refractive index material filling adjacent cylindrical unit structures. The duty cycle is 0.55, and the period of the cylindrical unit structure is 200nm.

2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first film layer group includes an overlapping fifth refractive index film layer and a sixth refractive index film layer. The refractive index difference between the fifth refractive index film layer and the sixth refractive index film layer is greater than or equal to 0.

5.

3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first membrane layer group includes a first sub-membrane layer group and a second sub-membrane layer group, with the second membrane layer disposed between the first sub-membrane layer group and the second sub-membrane layer group.

4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid crystal display device includes a backlight structure, a liquid crystal layer, and a cover plate stacked together. The optical path equivalent color filter layer is disposed on the cover plate, or between the liquid crystal layer and the cover plate, or between the backlight structure and the liquid crystal layer.

5. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include An optical path equivalent color filter layer is formed, the optical path equivalent color filter layer including filter cavities corresponding one-to-one with a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in the array of the liquid crystal display device, the optical path equivalent color filter layer including a first film layer group shared by each filter cavity, and a second film layer matched by each filter cavity to the corresponding sub-pixel, the first film layer group including a first sub-film layer group and a second sub-film layer group; further including: The first sub-film layer group of the optical path equivalent color filter layer is formed by vapor deposition; A second film layer is formed on the first sub-film layer group, the second film layer being used to adjust the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity to transmit light of the color of the corresponding sub-pixel; A second sub-film layer group of the optical path equivalent color filter layer is formed on the second film layer by vapor deposition; The second film layer of each filter cavity includes a metasurface structure, and the formation of the second film layer on the first sub-film layer group further includes: The main structure of the metasurface structure is constructed on the first sub-film layer using a first refractive index material or a third refractive index material through a nanoimprinting process. The main structure is filled and planarized using a second or fourth refractive index material through a chemical surface saturation reaction.

6. A method of using the liquid crystal display device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: Filtering the light of the liquid crystal display device using an optical path equivalent color filter layer further includes: The light is filtered using a filter cavity that corresponds one-to-one with each sub-pixel of the liquid crystal display device using an optical path color filter layer. The first film layer group of the filter cavity reflects the incident light according to a preset reflectivity. The second film layer of the filter cavity adjusts the equivalent optical path of the filter cavity according to the color of the corresponding sub-pixel so that light of the corresponding color can pass through.

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