A tunnel excavation supporting device suitable for broken surrounding rock and a method of using the same

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of civil construction devices, and discloses a tunnel excavation supporting device suitable for broken surrounding rock, which comprises a top supporting rod, a supporting column fixedly connected to the bottom of the top supporting rod, an arched top rod fixedly connected to the top of the top supporting rod, a top supporting frame arranged above the arched top rod, a connecting supporting rod arranged between the top supporting frame and the arched top rod, a top protective net arranged between the top supporting frames, and a bottom protective net arranged between the arched top rods. The top protective net and the bottom protective net are arranged for double-layer isolation, the top protective net and the bottom protective net are used for close protection and arched protection, the top protective net and the top supporting frame are used for improving the connectivity between the surrounding rocks at the top of the tunnel, the bottom protective net and the arched top rod are used for increasing the supporting effect on the broken rocks at the top of the tunnel, the plastic deformation resistance of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel is increased, the protective safety and stability of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel are effectively improved, and the protection effect is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering construction equipment technology, specifically to a support device for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel excavation, to ensure safety during the excavation process, support structures are typically used to protect the tunnel and prevent injuries from falling debris. Existing support frames are usually steel frame structures, formed by assembling and welding several steel pipes and then laying a protective net on top.

[0003] Although this structure can provide some protection, in the excavation of tunnels in fractured surrounding rock, the surrounding rock is prone to plastic deformation under engineering forces, resulting in poor stability after the excavation of the tunnel. The stress in the rock mass can easily cause rock mass failure and slippage, which makes the commonly used tunnel support structure have poor overall protection effect for tunnels in fractured surrounding rock and cannot effectively guarantee the stability and safety of the overall tunnel structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem of insufficient protective effect of existing technologies, this invention provides a support device and its usage method suitable for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock, which has the advantages of effectively improving the protective effect and stability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a support device suitable for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock, comprising: a top support rod, a support column, a side protection component, a side protection net, a side fixing nail, a cement cover, an arched top rod, a top support frame, a connecting rod, a support link, a top protection net, a bottom protection net, a keel support rod, an upper support rod, a lower fixing rod, a protective column, a main support rod, a connector, a buckling-resistant sleeve rod, a central link, a connecting groove, a buffer spring, and a pad block.

[0006] The positions and connections of the above structures are as follows:

[0007] The bottom of the top support rod is fixedly connected to a support column, and the top of the top support rod is fixedly connected to an arched top rod. A top support frame is set above the arched top rod, and a connecting support rod is set between the top support frame and the arched top rod. A top protective net is set between the top support frames, and a bottom protective net is set between the arched top rods. Double-layer isolation is achieved by setting up top and bottom protective nets, using both close-fitting protection and arched protection. The top protective net improves the connectivity between the surrounding rock at the top of the tunnel, and the bottom protective net increases the support effect on the broken rock at the top of the tunnel.

[0008] Preferably, the projected area of ​​the top support frame is smaller than the projected area of ​​the arched top rod. A keel support rod is fixedly connected to the top of the arched top rod. A central connecting rod is provided between the keel support rod and the top support frame. The top of the central connecting rod is movably connected to the top support frame. A buffer spring is provided between the top of the central connecting rod and the top support frame. A connecting groove is provided at the axis of the central connecting rod. A supporting connecting rod is provided inside the connecting groove. The supporting connecting rod inside the connecting groove is used to control the arched top rod to abut against the top of the tunnel.

[0009] Preferably, the connecting rods are evenly arranged on both sides of the arched surface of the arched top rod, and the connecting rods are configured as elastic rods. An elastic connection is achieved using the central connecting rod between the central keel rod and the top support frame, and several connecting rods on both sides, increasing the buffer stroke between the top support frame and the arched top rod, thereby improving resistance to plastic deformation of the tunnel roof.

[0010] Preferably, the top support rod includes an upper support rod and a lower fixed rod, with a gap groove between the upper support rod and the lower fixed rod. The gap groove increases the mechanical resistance of the top support rod and improves its anti-deformation ability. A connecting rod is set at the top of the upper support rod, and the support column is set at the bottom of the lower fixed rod. A connecting block is set between the upper support rod and the lower fixed rod.

[0011] Preferably, the lower fixing rod and support column are equipped with protective support columns, which are arranged in an "A" shape between two adjacent sets of support columns. The protective support columns are used to increase the overall buckling resistance, improve the support effect, and reduce the resistance to tunnel vibration and deformation.

[0012] Preferably, the protective support column includes a main support rod, with connectors fixedly connected to both ends of the main support rod. The main support rod is hinged to the lower fixed rod and the support column respectively through the connectors. An anti-bending sleeve rod is provided on the outside of the main support rod, and cement is filled between the anti-bending sleeve rod and the main support rod.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom of the support column is provided with a pad block to increase the bottom support effect and facilitate the adjustment of the height of the support column, making it easy to adapt to complex tunnel terrain.

[0014] Preferably, side protection components are provided on both sides of the support column. The side protection components include a side protection net provided on the outer end of the support column. The side protection net is fixedly connected to the bottom of the top support rod. Side fixing nails for fixing are provided between the side protection net and the tunnel cavity wall. A cement cover is sprayed on the outside of the side protection net.

[0015] A method for using a support device suitable for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Fit the top support frame to the top surface of the tunnel, and the shape of the top support frame follows the changes of the tunnel top surface;

[0017] S2. Install arched top rods, top support rods and support columns at the top of the top support frame, and set pad blocks at the bottom of the support columns.

[0018] S3. Install several connecting rods on the arched top rod and the top support rod;

[0019] S4. Fix the side protection net to the tunnel side using side fixing nails. A cavity is reserved between the side protection net and the tunnel wall, with the cavity spacing between 5cm and 20cm.

[0020] S5. Cement is sprayed onto the tunnel walls using a cement spraying equipment until a cement shell is formed between the side protection net and the tunnel walls.

[0021] S6. Install protective supports between the two sets of support columns.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. This invention relates to a support device for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock and its usage method. A top support frame is installed above an arched top rod, and connecting rods are installed between the top support frame and the arched top rod. A top protective net is installed between the top support frames, and a bottom protective net is installed between the arched top rods. This double-layer isolation, achieved through the top and bottom protective nets, employs both fitted and arched protection. The top protective net and top support frame enhance the connectivity between the surrounding rock at the tunnel top, while the bottom protective net and arched top rods increase the support for the fractured rock at the tunnel top, thereby increasing the resistance to plastic deformation of the surrounding rock and effectively improving the safety and stability of the tunnel's surrounding rock protection, ensuring the protective effect.

[0024] 2. This device and its usage method are applicable to tunnel excavation support in fractured surrounding rock. The supporting connecting rod inside the connecting groove is used to control the arched top rod to abut against the top of the tunnel. The connecting rod is set as an elastic rod. The central connecting rod between the central keel support rod and the top support frame and several connecting rods on both sides are used for elastic connection, which increases the buffer stroke between the top support frame and the arched top rod, thereby improving the resistance to plastic deformation of the tunnel top surface and improving the overall protection effect of the tunnel.

[0025] 3. This is applicable to the support device for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock and its usage method. The protective pillars are set in an "A" shape between two adjacent sets of support pillars. The protective pillars increase the overall buckling resistance, improve the support effect, and reduce the resistance to tunnel vibration and deformation.

[0026] 4. This device and its application method are applicable to tunnel excavation support in fractured surrounding rock. By setting up side protection nets and spraying cement covers, it not only fills the pits or cracks in the tunnel sidewalls and repairs the fractured surfaces of the sidewalls, but also uses the side protection nets for reinforcement and protection, thereby effectively increasing the protection of both sides of the tunnel cavity walls and improving the protection effect. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structural support device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the additional bottom protective netting on the structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the double-layer protection state of the top and bottom protective nets of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional view of the central connecting rod of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection support rod of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the protective support column of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural side protection component of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structural support column and pad block of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Top support rod; 2. Support column; 3. Side protection assembly; 31. Side protective net; 32. Side fixing nail; 33. Cement cover; 4. Arched top rod; 5. Top support frame; 6. Connecting support rod; 7. Supporting connecting rod; 8. Top protective net; 9. Bottom protective net; 10. Keel support rod; 11. Upper support rod; 12. Lower fixing rod; 13. Protective support column; 131. Main support rod; 132. Connector; 133. Anti-bending sleeve rod; 14. Central connecting rod; 15. Connecting groove; 16. Buffer spring; 17. Pad block. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Please see Figure 1-58. A support device for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock, comprising a top support rod 1, a support column 2 fixedly connected to the bottom of the top support rod 1, an arched top rod 4 fixedly connected to the top of the top support rod 1, a top support frame 5 provided above the arched top rod 4, a connecting support rod 6 provided between the top support frame 5 and the arched top rod 4, a top protective net 8 provided between the top support frames 5, and a bottom protective net 9 provided between the arched top rods 4.

[0039] The top support rod 1 includes an upper support rod 11 and a lower fixed rod 12. A spacer groove is provided between the upper support rod 11 and the lower fixed rod 12. The spacer groove is used to increase the mechanical resistance of the top support rod 1 and improve its anti-deformation ability. The connecting support rod 6 is set at the top of the upper support rod 11, and the support column 2 is set at the bottom of the lower fixed rod 12. A connecting block is provided between the upper support rod 11 and the lower fixed rod 12.

[0040] The bottom of the support column 2 is provided with a pad block 17 to increase the bottom support effect and facilitate the adjustment of the height of the support column 2 to adapt to complex tunnel terrain.

[0041] Among them, the projected area of ​​the top support frame 5 is smaller than the projected area of ​​the arched top rod 4.

[0042] The top of the arched top rod 4 is fixedly connected to the keel support rod 10. A central connecting rod 14 is provided between the keel support rod 10 and the top support frame 5. The top of the central connecting rod 14 is movably connected to the top support frame 5. A buffer spring 16 is provided between the top of the central connecting rod 14 and the top support frame 5. A connecting groove 15 is provided on the axis of the central connecting rod 14. A support connecting rod 7 is provided inside the connecting groove 15. The support connecting rod 7 inside the connecting groove 15 is used to control the arched top rod 4 to abut against the top of the tunnel.

[0043] Among them, the connecting rods 6 are evenly arranged on both sides of the arched surface of the arched top rod 4, and the connecting rods 6 are set as elastic rods. The central connecting rod 14 between the central keel rod 10 and the top support frame 5 and several connecting rods 6 on both sides are elastically connected to increase the buffer stroke between the top support frame 5 and the arched top rod 4, thereby improving the resistance to plastic deformation of the tunnel roof.

[0044] During installation, the top support frame 5 and the tunnel top surface are fixed step by step. The top support frame 5 is equipped with a top protective net 8. The top support frame 5 is designed inward in sections. The top support rod 1, the arched top rod 4 and the support column 2 are installed at the bottom of the top support frame 5. The pad block 17 is installed at the bottom of the support column 2 so that the central connecting rod 14 at the bottom of the top support frame 5 and the arched top rod 4 are in contact. Then the central connecting rod 14 and the arched top rod 4 are fixed. Another set of support connecting rods 7 is connected to the arched top rod 4 and the tunnel top surface through the connecting groove 15.

[0045] During installation, the connecting rod 6 is connected and fixed by passing through the upper support rod 11 and the lower fixing rod 12, so that the top support frame 5 and the top support rod 1 are connected.

[0046] By setting up a top protective net 8 and a bottom protective net 9 for double-layer isolation, and adopting close-fitting protection and arched protection, the connection between the surrounding rock at the top of the tunnel is improved by using the top protective net 8, the top support frame 5 and the support rod 7, and the bottom protective net 9 and the arched top rod 4 to increase the support effect on the broken rock at the top of the tunnel, thereby increasing the resistance to plastic deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, thus effectively improving the safety and stability of the tunnel surrounding rock protection and ensuring the protection effect.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] Please see Figure 1-8 Furthermore, based on Embodiment 2, the lower fixing rod 12 and the support column 2 are provided with protective support columns 13. The protective support columns 13 are arranged in a "V" shape between two adjacent sets of support columns 2. The protective support columns 13 are used to increase the overall buckling resistance, improve the support effect, and reduce the resistance to tunnel vibration and deformation.

[0049] The protective support column 13 includes a main support rod 131, with connectors 132 fixedly connected to both ends of the main support rod 131. The main support rod 131 is hinged to the lower fixed rod 12 and the support column 2 respectively through the connectors 132. An anti-bending sleeve rod 133 is provided on the outside of the main support rod 131, and cement is filled between the anti-bending sleeve rod 133 and the main support rod 131.

[0050] Among them, the support column 2 is provided with side protection components 3 on both sides. The side protection components 3 include a side protection net 31 provided at the outer end of the support column 2. The side protection net 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the top support rod 1. Side fixing nails 32 for fixing are provided between the side protection net 31 and the tunnel cavity wall. A cement cover 33 is sprayed on the outside of the side protection net 31.

[0051] By setting up side protection nets 31 and spraying cement covers 33, not only are the pits or cracks in the tunnel sidewalls filled and the broken surfaces of the sidewalls repaired, but the side protection nets 31 are also used for reinforcement and protection, thereby effectively increasing the protection of both sides of the tunnel cavity walls and improving the protection effect.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] Please see Figure 1-8 A method for using a support device suitable for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1. Fit the top support frame 5 to the top surface of the tunnel, and the shape of the top support frame 5 follows the changes of the tunnel top surface.

[0055] S2. Install arched top rod 4, top support rod 1 and support column 2 on the top of the top support frame 5, and set pad block 17 at the bottom of the support column 2.

[0056] S3. Install several connecting rods 6 on the arched top rod 4 and the top support rod 1;

[0057] S4. Fix the side protection net 31 to the tunnel side using side fixing nails 32. A cavity is reserved between the side protection net 31 and the tunnel wall, with the cavity spacing between 5cm and 20cm.

[0058] S5. Cement is sprayed onto the tunnel walls using a cement spraying equipment until a cement shell 33 is formed between the side protection net 31 and the tunnel wall.

[0059] S6. Install protective support column 13 between the two sets of support columns 2.

[0060] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for using a support device suitable for excavating tunnels in fractured surrounding rock, characterized by: The support device includes: A top support rod (1) is fixedly connected to a support column (2) at the bottom of the top support rod (1). An arched top rod (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the top support rod (1). A top support frame (5) is provided above the arched top rod (4). A connecting support rod (6) is provided between the top support frame (5) and the arched top rod (4). A top protective net (8) is provided between the top support frames (5). A bottom protective net (9) is provided between the arched top rods (4). The projected area of ​​the top support frame (5) is smaller than that of the arched top rod (4). The top of the arched top rod (4) is fixedly connected to the keel support rod (10). A central connecting rod (14) is provided between the keel support rod (10) and the top support frame (5). The top of the central connecting rod (14) is movably connected to the top support frame (5). A buffer spring (16) is provided between the top of the central connecting rod (14) and the top support frame (5). A connecting groove (15) is provided on the axis of the central connecting rod (14). A supporting connecting rod (7) is provided inside the connecting groove (15). The supporting connecting rod (7) inside the connecting groove (15) is used to control the arched top rod (4) to abut against the top of the tunnel. The connecting rods (6) are evenly arranged on both sides of the arched surface of the arched top rod (4), and the connecting rods (6) are set as elastic rods; The top support rod (1) includes an upper support rod (11) and a lower fixed rod (12). A spacer groove is provided between the upper support rod (11) and the lower fixed rod (12). A connecting rod (6) is provided at the top of the upper support rod (11). The support column (2) is provided at the bottom of the lower fixed rod (12). A connecting block is provided between the upper support rod (11) and the lower fixed rod (12). The steps for using this method include: S1. The top support frame (5) is attached to the top surface of the tunnel, and the shape of the top support frame (5) follows the change of the tunnel top surface; S2. Install arched top rod (4), top support rod (1) and support column (2) on the top support frame (5), and set pad block (17) at the bottom of support column (2). S3. Install several connecting rods (6) on the arched top rod (4) and the top support rod (1). S4. Fix the side protection net (31) and the tunnel side with side fixing nails (32). The side protection net (31) and the tunnel wall have reserved cavities with a gap between 5cm and 20cm. S5. Cement is sprayed onto both sides of the tunnel using a cement spraying equipment until a cement shell (33) is formed between the side protection net (31) and the tunnel wall. S6. Install protective support pillars (13) between the two sets of support pillars (2).

2. The method of using a support device for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower fixing rod (12) and the support column (2) are provided with protective support columns (13), which are arranged in a "V" shape between two adjacent sets of support columns (2).

3. The method of using a support device for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protective support column (13) includes a main support rod (131), with connectors (132) fixedly connected to both ends of the main support rod (131). The main support rod (131) is hinged to the lower fixed rod (12) and the support column (2) respectively through the connectors (132). An anti-bending sleeve rod (133) is provided on the outside of the main support rod (131), and cement is filled between the anti-bending sleeve rod (133) and the main support rod (131).

4. The method of using a support device for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the support column (2) is provided with a pad block (17).

5. The method of using a support device for tunnel excavation in fractured surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: Side protection components (3) are provided on both sides of the support column (2). The side protection components (3) include a side protection net (31) provided on the outer end of the support column (2). The side protection net (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the top support rod (1). Side fixing nails (32) for fixing are provided between the side protection net (31) and the tunnel cavity wall. A cement cover (33) is sprayed on the outside of the side protection net (31).

Images