A distributed photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and specifically relates to a distributed photovoltaic power generation system, including: a frame, where there is one or more frames, and two first chutes are provided on each frame, and two second chutes are further provided on each frame; a photovoltaic panel, where a photovoltaic panel is provided on each frame; each photovoltaic panel is rotatably installed on the corresponding frame, a heat dissipation device is installed at the bottom of each photovoltaic panel, a first water belt is provided inside each first chute, a second water belt is provided inside each second chute, each first water belt and second water belt are communicated with the heat dissipation device, and when the first water belt and the second water belt are introducing coolant into the heat dissipation device, they are filled with liquid and expand to push the heat dissipation device to change the angle of the photovoltaic panel. Compared with the existing distributed photovoltaic power generation system, the heat dissipation device can not only dissipate heat from the photovoltaic panel, but also adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel, improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel and the utilization rate of sunlight, while not requiring an additional motor to drive the rotation of the photovoltaic panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and specifically to a distributed photovoltaic power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Distributed photovoltaic power generation specifically refers to a photovoltaic power generation system built near the user's site. Its operation mode is self-use by the user side for self-generation, with excess electricity uploaded to the power grid, and it is characterized by the balance adjustment of the distribution system. Distributed photovoltaic power generation follows the principles of adapting to local conditions, being clean and efficient, decentralized layout, and nearby utilization, making full use of local solar energy resources to replace and reduce fossil energy consumption.

[0003] For the photovoltaic panels of existing distributed photovoltaic power generation systems, when installed, they are usually fixedly installed after setting a certain angle. The fixedly installed photovoltaic panels cannot change their directions as the sun moves. When the sun moves behind the photovoltaic panels, the illumination intensity received by the photovoltaic panels will decrease, and the power generation efficiency will be reduced. At the same time, research shows that the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels is negatively correlated with temperature. In daily use without considering cooling the photovoltaic panels, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels is the best at a temperature of about 25°C. As the temperature rises, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels will decrease accordingly. For every one-degree increase in temperature, the power generation of the photovoltaic power station will decrease by about 0.4%. However, as the photovoltaic panels are irradiated by the sun for a longer time, the temperature of the photovoltaic panels will inevitably continue to rise.

[0004] Although existing photovoltaic power generation systems have systems that can automatically adjust the angles of photovoltaic panels and devices that can dissipate heat from photovoltaic panels, the angle adjustment of photovoltaic panels generally drives each photovoltaic panel with a motor, and the angle automatic adjustment and the heat dissipation system are independent of each other, with a relatively high cost, and are generally used in large-scale photovoltaic power stations. Distributed photovoltaic power generation is generally installed by the public at their own expense. If devices for angle adjustment and heat dissipation are set for photovoltaic panels, the cost will be too high, making it difficult to widely promote distributed photovoltaic power generation to every household. If the photovoltaic panels cannot adjust their angles following the sun and cannot dissipate heat automatically, it will lead to a reduction in the power generation efficiency of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system and a decrease in the use effect of the photovoltaic panels. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the contradiction between the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and the costs of angle adjustment and heat dissipation of photovoltaic panels, and improve the acceptance of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems by the general public.

[0005] Therefore, a distributed photovoltaic power generation system is proposed to solve the contradiction between the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and the costs of angle adjustment and heat dissipation of photovoltaic panels. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a distributed photovoltaic power generation system. By providing a heat dissipation device to dissipate heat from the photovoltaic panel, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is ensured to be within a suitable temperature range, improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. At the same time, the heat dissipation device can adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel, enabling the photovoltaic panel to be fully irradiated by sunlight, further improving the sunlight utilization rate of the photovoltaic panel, and saving the cost of additionally installing an angle adjustment device, thereby solving the problems raised in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A distributed photovoltaic power generation system, comprising:

[0009] A frame, on one side of the frame, two opposite sliding grooves 1 are vertically provided, and on the other side of the frame, two sliding grooves 2 are vertically provided;

[0010] A photovoltaic panel, the frame is provided with a photovoltaic panel;

[0011] A heat dissipation device for dissipating heat from the photovoltaic panel is fixedly installed at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel. The heat dissipation device includes a liquid storage box fixedly installed at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel. The liquid storage box has the same size as the photovoltaic panel and is fixedly installed at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel in a bolt-fixed manner. The liquid storage box can be entirely welded from steel plates with a thickness of 0.5 - 2 mm, or only the surface in contact with the photovoltaic panel can be made of steel, and the other surfaces can be made of plastic and then glued. Whether it is a liquid storage box made of a mixture of metal and plastic or a liquid storage box entirely welded from metal, it is necessary to ensure that the liquid storage box can withstand at least 1 Mpa of water pressure without leakage. On one side of the liquid storage box, two sliding grooves 3 are oppositely opened, and on the other side of the liquid storage box, two sliding grooves 4 are oppositely opened. Two sliding rods 1 are slidably installed inside the two sliding grooves 3 respectively, and two sliding rods 2 are slidably installed inside the two sliding grooves 4 respectively. The two sliding rods 1 are respectively inserted into the two sliding grooves 1, and the two sliding rods 2 are respectively inserted into the two sliding grooves 2. The liquid storage box and the photovoltaic panel can move horizontally up and down along the sliding grooves 1 and 2, and can also rotate in cooperation with the sliding grooves 3 and 4.

[0012] On one side of the liquid storage box, there are also two first water hoses, and on the other side, there are two second water hoses. Both the first water hoses and the second water hoses are made of high-pressure resistant and wear-resistant PVC water hoses. The diameters of the first water hoses and the second water hoses are 30 - 40 mm. The two first water hoses are respectively vertically arranged inside two first chutes and are respectively located below two first sliding rods. The two second water hoses are respectively vertically arranged inside two second chutes and are respectively located below two second sliding rods. The two first water hoses are interconnected, and a first drain valve is arranged between the two first water hoses. The drain valve can be a CHNT split drain valve or a drain valve of other models. The drain valve is simultaneously connected to the two first water hoses. The two second water hoses are also interconnected, and a second drain valve is arranged between the two second water hoses. The second drain valve and the first drain valve are of the same model. The second drain valve is also connected to the two second water hoses. The two first water hoses and the liquid storage box are respectively connected by two first one-way valves, and the two second water hoses and the liquid storage box are respectively connected by two second one-way valves. Each of the first one-way valves and the second one-way valves can only allow fluid to enter the interior of the liquid storage box. A water pump is arranged beside the frame. A first pipeline is connected between the two first water hoses and the water pump, and a first solenoid valve is arranged on the first pipeline. A second pipeline is connected between the two second water hoses and the water pump, and a second solenoid valve is arranged on the second pipeline. A third pipeline is arranged between the liquid storage box and the water pump, and a third solenoid valve is arranged on the third pipeline. The liquid storage box is also connected to a third drain valve, and the third drain valve is of the same model as the first drain valve. A locking device for locking the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod is arranged on each of the first chute and the second chute. The locking device can lock the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod by using a limiting method, or can lock the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod by increasing friction, or can also lock the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod by other methods.

[0013] When in use, control the solenoid valve 1 to open and control the water pump to start pumping the coolant through pipeline 1 into the two water belts 1. The coolant can be tap water or other liquids used to absorb heat. Here, water is used as the coolant for illustration. The water inside the two water belts 1 will be transported into the interior of the liquid storage box after passing through check valve 1. The water inside the liquid storage box will absorb the heat of the photovoltaic panel connected to the liquid storage box, thereby reducing the working temperature of the photovoltaic panel and improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel; after the liquid storage box is filled with water and reaches the water pressure set value of the water pump, the check valve cannot pump water into the liquid storage box anymore. Subsequently, the water pumped by the water pump will fill the two water belts 1. After the two water belts 1 are filled with water, they will gradually expand along their own shapes and finally expand into a vertical cylinder inside chute 1 according to their own shapes. When the two water belts 1 expand, they will push the slide bar 1 inside the corresponding chute 1 upward. Since the other water belts 2 are also connected to the liquid storage box through check valve 2 and water cannot flow from the liquid storage box into the two water belts 2, the two water belts 2 will not be filled with water and expand. At this time, since the liquid storage box is lifted by the two water belts on one side, the liquid storage box will tilt towards the side of water belt 2, and the photovoltaic panel fixedly installed together with the liquid storage box will tilt in the direction of water belt 2 like the liquid storage box, realizing the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel while cooling and dissipating heat from the photovoltaic panel. At this time, only need to close solenoid valve 1 to maintain this state all the time without the need to continuously provide energy to maintain this state.

[0014] When the light on one side is insufficient, the drain valve 1 can be opened to drain the water inside the two water belts 1. As the water is drained from the two water belts 1 and under the pressure of the slide bar 1, they will continuously deflate. But after the water is drained, the liquid storage box and the photovoltaic panel will return to the horizontal state under the action of their own gravity. At this time, open solenoid valve 2 and control the water pump to fill the two water belts 2 with water from pipeline 2 through solenoid valve 2. After the two water belts 2 are filled with water, they will also start to expand inside the corresponding chute 2 like the two water belts 1 and push the slide bar 2 inside their respective chutes 2 upward. Subsequently, under the push of the two water belts 2, the liquid storage box and the photovoltaic panel on it will start to gradually tilt in the direction of water belt 1, realizing the change of the tilting direction so that the photovoltaic panel can be irradiated by sunlight as much as possible.

[0015] When it is necessary to replace the coolant inside the liquid storage box, open the drain valve 3 to drain the coolant inside the liquid storage box. After the drainage is completed, close the drain valve 3. Finally, continue to use the water pump to refill the liquid storage box through water belt 1 or water belt 2 to realize the replacement of the coolant inside the liquid storage box.

[0016] Compared with the existing fixed photovoltaic panels, it can make more full use of sunlight. At the same time, the heat dissipation and angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panels are integrated. For multiple racks and multiple photovoltaic panels, only need to connect all the first water hoses to each other with pipes, and connect all the second water hoses to each other to achieve controlling the water filling of all the first water hoses or the second water hoses with one water pump. Then, use one water pump to control the rotation of all the photovoltaic panels at the same time, without setting a water pump on each photovoltaic panel, which reduces the cost required for adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic panels while ensuring convenience. Controlling the rotation of multiple photovoltaic panels with water pressure can also provide sufficient power, and cooperating with the locking device can also ensure the stability during the use of the photovoltaic panels.

[0017] Preferably, a first pressure sensor is provided on the top of each of one of the first chutes, and the first pressure sensor is electrically connected to the first solenoid valve. A second pressure sensor is provided on the top of one of the second chutes, and the second pressure sensor is electrically connected to the second solenoid valve. Both the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are patch-type pressure sensors. After the first water hose is filled with water and expands to lift the first sliding rod, the water pump will continuously fill the first water hose with water. When the first sliding rod reaches the first pressure sensor at the top of the first chute and the pressure received by the pressure sensor reaches the set pressure, the system will close the first solenoid valve and turn off the water pump to stop continuously filling the first water hose with water. The usage method of the second pressure sensor is the same as that of the first pressure sensor. After setting the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, it can ensure that the device can be automatically adjusted to the specified angle each time, and at the same time, it can ensure that the water pressure inside the first water hose or the second water hose will no longer fill the inside of the first water hose or the second water hose when it reaches the set value, ensuring the stability of the water pressure when the first water hose and the second water hose are working, ensuring the service life of the first water hose and the second water hose, and improving the use stability of the device.

[0018] Preferably, a timing part is provided on the rack, and the timing part is a single-chip microcomputer module with a timing function. The timing part is electrically connected to the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the first drain valve, the second drain valve, the third drain valve and the water pump. The timing part controls the opening and closing of the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the first drain valve, the second drain valve and the third drain valve according to the set time, and controls the start and stop of the water pump. The timing part controls the water inlet and drainage of the first water hose and the second water hose according to time. The timing part divides the daily working time of the photovoltaic panel into multiple time periods according to the local sunshine conditions (such as the trajectory change of the sun), and controls the water inlet or drainage of the first water hose and the second water hose according to the corresponding time periods, so as to control the photovoltaic panel to change the inclination angle according to the movement trajectory of the sun, make the photovoltaic panel automatically face the sun, improve the automation degree of the device, make the photovoltaic panel fully receive the sun's irradiation, improve the utilization rate of sunlight, and improve the power generation efficiency of the system.

[0019] Preferably, a temperature sensor is provided between the photovoltaic panel and the liquid storage box. The temperature sensor is a patch type temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the timing unit. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the photovoltaic panel. After it detects that the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the set temperature and feeds it back to the system, the system controls the drain valve to drain the coolant inside the liquid storage box, and according to the time period set by the timing unit, re-fills the liquid storage box with new coolant from the corresponding solenoid valve, ensuring that the temperature of the photovoltaic panel always works within the set temperature range and ensuring the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0020] In a system for photovoltaic power generation with multiple photovoltaic panels, a temperature sensor can be provided only between one photovoltaic panel and the liquid storage box, and the data of this temperature sensor can be used to determine whether to replace the coolant in all the liquid storage boxes, or a temperature sensor can be installed between each photovoltaic panel and the liquid storage box, and the average value can be used to determine whether to replace the coolant inside the liquid storage box.

[0021] Optionally, the temperature sensor can also be provided inside the liquid storage box to directly detect the temperature of the coolant inside the liquid storage box. However, if the temperature sensor is provided inside the liquid storage box, wires need to be introduced into the liquid storage box, which will affect the sealing of the liquid storage box and at the same time reduce the pressure-bearing capacity of the liquid storage box for the coolant. But in any case, it should be noted that in order to ensure the detection accuracy of the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor cannot be exposed to the air in the external environment of the liquid storage box.

[0022] Preferably, an anemometer for detecting the wind speed is provided on the frame. The anemometer can be an anemometer with the model number AS-8336, or other models of anemometers. The working surface of the anemometer is set along the horizontal direction towards which the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel faces when it is tilted. Because when the photovoltaic panel is tilted, the projected areas of the front and back sides in the vertical direction are larger than the projected area of the side in the vertical direction, and it is more easily affected by the wind. When the wind comes from the side direction, because the projected area of the side of the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction is very small, it is less affected by the wind. The anemometer is electrically connected to the timing unit. After the anemometer detects that the wind speed exceeds the set value, it is convenient for the timing unit to control the corresponding water hose 1 or water hose 2 to drain water according to the corresponding time period, so that the photovoltaic panel returns to the horizontal direction, reducing the projected area of the photovoltaic panel on the plane perpendicular to the wind direction, reducing the influence of the wind on the photovoltaic panel, and avoiding damage to the photovoltaic panel due to strong winds, further improving the use stability of the equipment.

[0023] Preferably, the locking device includes a support table fixed on the frame. The support table is horizontally arranged, and the distance between the top of the support table and the ground is not less than 200 mm. An electromagnet is fixedly installed beside each of the first chute and the second chute. A limiting rod is horizontally installed in the middle of each of the first chute and the second chute. The limiting rod is made of stainless steel and is circular or square. Each limiting rod penetrates into the corresponding first chute and second chute and can slide horizontally. Each limiting rod is aligned with the electromagnet beside the corresponding first chute and second chute. A spring is arranged between each limiting rod and the corresponding electromagnet. The springs are all compression springs. Each electromagnet is electrically connected to the timing part. When the spring is not affected by external force, the spring will push the limiting rod away from the electromagnet and keep the spring horizontally across the middle of the first chute or the second chute. In the initial state, the first sliding rod in the first chute and the second sliding rod in the second chute are both located below the limiting rod. Before the timing part controls the first water belt or the second water belt to be filled with water and drives the photovoltaic panel to rotate, the electromagnet on the side wall of the corresponding first chute or the second chute will be activated in advance. The electromagnet first pulls the limiting rod horizontally placed in the first chute or the second chute out of the corresponding first chute or the second chute to avoid the first sliding rod or the second sliding rod. When the pressure sensor 1 or the pressure sensor 2 on the top of the corresponding first chute or the second chute detects that the pressure reaches the set value, the electromagnet beside the corresponding chute will stop being powered on. However, at this time, the water belt in the corresponding chute will prevent the limiting rod from reinserting into the chute due to water filling and expansion, and the limiting rod in the other chute will also limit the sliding rod in the corresponding chute below the limiting rod. Before draining the first water belt or the second water belt, it is necessary to first control the electromagnet on the side of the water belt to be drained to be powered on to avoid the water belt being stuck by the limiting rod after draining.

[0024] When the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the horizontal state, both the first water belt and the second water belt are in a state of not being filled with water and expanding. The photovoltaic panel falls by itself under the action of its own gravity and the guiding action of the first chute and the second chute on the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod and becomes horizontal. The support table supports the photovoltaic panel from below. After the photovoltaic panel is in the horizontal state, the stress area is reduced, and the influence of the wind on the photovoltaic panel is reduced. When the photovoltaic panel is horizontal, the top of the first sliding rod in the first chute and the top of the second sliding rod in the second chute are both tangent to the bottom of the limiting rod in the corresponding chute, cooperating with the support table to limit the photovoltaic panel from below to prevent the photovoltaic panel from sliding up and down under the influence of strong wind weather, ensuring that the equipment will not be damaged by the wind. At the same time, keeping the support table at a height of more than 200 mm can effectively prevent the dust on the ground from adhering to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. When the photovoltaic panel is in the horizontal state, the coolant will enter the liquid storage box through the solenoid valve 3 from the third pipe without affecting the heat dissipation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0025] Preferably, the surface of the support platform is provided with a plurality of circular rods rotatably installed at intervals, and each of the circular rods is arranged in parallel. A plurality of inverted triangular limiting blocks are provided at the bottom of the liquid storage box. The distance between every two adjacent limiting blocks is the same as the diameter of the circular rod, and the bottom edge of each limiting block is the same as the distance between two adjacent circular rods. Although the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod are restricted from moving in the vertical direction by the limiting rod and the support platform, the existence of the third sliding groove and the fourth sliding groove enables the liquid storage box and the photovoltaic panel thereon to still displace horizontally. After a plurality of inverted triangular limiting blocks are provided, in cooperation with the plurality of circular rods that can roll, when the photovoltaic panel and the liquid storage box slide down under the action of their own gravity after losing the support of the water belt, the inverted triangular limiting blocks will be inserted into the gaps between the circular rods. The sharp cones of the inverted triangular shape cooperate with the rolling circular rods to ensure that the limiting blocks can be inserted into the gaps between the circular rods every time, restricting the horizontal displacement of the limiting blocks and the liquid storage box. Finally, in cooperation with the vertical limitation of the limiting rod and the circular rod, the complete positioning of the photovoltaic panel is realized, further ensuring the stability of the device.

[0026] Preferably, each of the limiting rods is provided with a downwardly inclined guiding slope, and the included angle between the guiding slope and the horizontal direction is between 30° and 45°. When the liquid storage box and the photovoltaic panel slide down under the action of their own gravity after losing the support of the water belt, the guiding slope enables the first sliding rod or the second sliding rod to squeeze and retract the limiting rod without controlling the electromagnet, so as to cross the limiting rod and reach below the limiting rod for resetting. While realizing the avoidance action of the limiting rod during the reset process of the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod, the control steps for the electromagnet are reduced, the complexity of the control system is reduced, and the practicability and convenience of the device are improved.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. For the distributed photovoltaic power generation system described in the present invention, compared with the existing distributed photovoltaic power generation systems, in combination with the principle of water-cooled heat dissipation, the heat dissipation device is used to dissipate heat from the photovoltaic panel, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel can generate electricity at the optimal temperature, improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. At the same time, by utilizing the change in the volume of the coolant in the heat dissipation device, the angle of the photovoltaic panel can also be adjusted. Compared with the fixedly installed photovoltaic panel, it can further improve the utilization rate of sunlight, and there is no need to set up an additional drive system to control the angle of the photovoltaic panel. Compared with using a motor to control the rotation of the photovoltaic panel, the cost required to achieve this function is reduced, and the practicability of the device is improved.

[0029] 2. For the distributed photovoltaic power generation system described in the present invention, as the number of photovoltaic panels in the system increases, the equipment cost required to control the rotation of the photovoltaic panels decreases. It only needs to connect the water hoses 1 under each photovoltaic panel in the system to each other, and also connect the water hoses 2 to each other, then a single water pump can be used as the power source to simultaneously control the angle change of multiple photovoltaic panels, without setting a power source for the heat dissipation device and angle control corresponding to each photovoltaic panel, further ensuring the practicability of the equipment.

[0030] 3. For the distributed photovoltaic power generation system described in the present invention, a locking device is provided to lock the sliding rod 1 and sliding rod 2 on the liquid storage box in the heat dissipation system. At the same time, an anemometer is set to measure the wind speed. When the wind speed exceeds the set value, the angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the horizontal state through the heat dissipation device, and the height of the photovoltaic panel is reduced. Finally, the sliding rod 1 and sliding rod 2 are both locked with the cooperation of the locking device to prevent the photovoltaic panel from being damaged by strong winds, improving the use stability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the photovoltaic panel when it is tilted in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the photovoltaic panel when it is horizontal in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A - A cross-sectional view;

[0035] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 B - B cross-sectional view;

[0036] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view at C in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a state structure diagram of the present invention from 7:00 to 11:00;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a state structure diagram of the present invention from 11:00 to 14:00;

[0039] Figure 9 It is a state structure diagram of the present invention from 11:00 to 7:00 the next day;

[0040] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the frame of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 It is an installation structure diagram of the photovoltaic panel and the liquid storage box of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure: 1. Frame; 2. First chute; 3. Second chute; 4. Photovoltaic panel; 5. Third chute; 6. First sliding rod; 7. Fourth chute; 8. Second sliding rod; 9. First water hose; 10. Second water hose; 11. Liquid storage box; 12. First drain valve; 13. Second drain valve; 14. First check valve; 15. Second check valve; 16. Water pump; 17. First pipeline; 18. First solenoid valve; 19. Second pipeline; 20. Second solenoid valve; 21. Third pipeline; 22. Third solenoid valve; 23. Third drain valve; 24. First pressure sensor; 25. Second pressure sensor; 26. Timing unit; 27. Temperature sensor; 28. Wind speed tester; 29. Support platform; 30. Electromagnet; 31. Limit rod; 32. Spring; 33. Limit block; 34. Guide ramp. Specific implementation mode

[0043] Example 1: The temperature at the usage site is not lower than minus all year round, and the photovoltaic panel 4 is a single piece.

[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 11, the frame 1 is rectangular, facing east with west as the back, and is horizontally and fixedly installed on the ground. Four vertical columns are vertically welded and installed at the four corners of the frame 1. The minimum distance between the two columns on the long side of the frame 1 is 1600 mm, and the center distance between the two columns on the short side is 800 mm. Two vertical chutes 1-2 are vertically provided on the two columns closer to the east. The two chutes 1-2 are arranged oppositely. Two vertical chutes 2-3 are vertically and oppositely provided on the two columns closer to the west. The chutes 1-2 and the chutes 2-3 have the same length. The lengths of both the chutes 1-2 and the chutes 2-3 are 600 mm, and the top ends are 800 mm from the ground. A pressure sensor 1-24 is installed at the top of one of the chutes 1-2; a pressure sensor 2-25 is installed at the top of one of the chutes 2-3. The set pressures of the pressure sensor 1-24 and the pressure sensor 2-25 are both 5 N, and the models are both BW700AF. Two water hoses 1-9 are vertically arranged inside each chute 1-2, and two water hoses 2-10 are vertically arranged inside each chute 2-3. The water hoses 1-9 and the water hoses 2-10 are both made of PVC fire hoses, with an inner diameter of 40 mm and a maximum bearing pressure of 1.3 Mpa. Each pair of water hoses 1-9 is connected by a pipe, and a drain valve 1-12 is provided at the connection. Each pair of water hoses 2-10 is also connected by a pipe, and a drain valve 2-13 is provided at the connection. A support platform 2-9 is also welded at the center under the frame 1. The support platform 2-9 is arranged along the long side direction of the frame 1. The tabletop of the support platform 2-9 is four rotatably installed round rods, and the minimum distance between each two adjacent round rods is 20 mm. The photovoltaic panel 4 is 1600 mm long and 1000 mm wide, and is horizontally arranged between the frames 1. A liquid storage box 1-11 is fixedly installed under the photovoltaic panel 4 with bolts. The liquid storage box 1-11 is made of stainless steel. The size of the liquid storage box 1-11 is the same as that of the photovoltaic panel 4, and it is closely attached to the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel 4. A patch type temperature sensor 2-27 with a model of PT100 is provided at the center between the photovoltaic panel 4 and the liquid storage box 1-11. The set temperature of the temperature sensor 2-27 is 30 °C. A chute 3-5 and a chute 4-7 are horizontally provided on each short side of the liquid storage box 1-11. The lengths of each chute 3-5 and the chute 4-7 are the same, and are both 200 mm. The two chutes 3-5 on the liquid storage box 1-11 are aligned with each other, and the two chutes 4-7 are also aligned with each other. A slide bar 1-6 is horizontally and slidably installed inside each chute 3-5, and a slide bar 2-8 is horizontally and slidably installed in each chute 4-7. The slide bars 1-6 in the chutes 3-5 on both sides of the liquid storage box 1-11 correspond to the two chutes 1-2 and are respectively inserted into the two chutes 1-2. The two slide bars 2-8 in the chutes 4-7 on both sides of the liquid storage box 1-11 correspond to the two chutes 2-3 and are respectively inserted into the two chutes 2-3.Each water hose 9 is connected to the inside of the liquid storage box 11 through a water pipe, and a check valve one 14 that can only allow the liquid to flow towards the inside of the liquid storage box 11 is provided on each water pipe connecting the water hose 9 and the liquid storage box 11; each water hose two 10 is connected to the inside of the liquid storage box 11 through a water pipe, and a check valve two 15 that can only allow the liquid to flow towards the inside of the liquid storage box 11 is provided on each water pipe connecting the water hose two 10 and the liquid storage box 11. A water pump 16 is fixedly installed beside the frame 1, and the model of the water pump 16 is HSP11070T, and the water pump 16 is connected to the tap water. The water pump 16 is connected to the water hose 9 through a pipe one 17, and a solenoid valve one 18 is installed on the pipe one 17; the water pump 16 is connected to the water hose two 10 through a pipe two 19, and a solenoid valve two 20 is installed on the pipe two 19; the water pump 16 is connected to the inside of the liquid storage box 11 through a pipe three 21, and a solenoid valve three 22 is installed on the pipe three 21. The pipe one 17, the pipe two 19, and the pipe three 21 are all flexible hoses. A drain valve three 23 is also installed on the liquid storage box 11. The drain valve one 12, the drain valve two 13, and the drain valve three 23 are all connected to an external water storage tank or the tap water system, which is convenient for the reuse of water and avoids wasting water resources. A limiting rod 31 is horizontally slidably installed inside each of the chute one 2 and the chute two 3. The limiting rod 31 is square. When the liquid storage box 11 is horizontally static on the support table 29, the side of each limiting rod 31 is exactly tangent to the top of the slide bar one 6 or the slide bar two 8 inside the corresponding chute. A downward-sloping guiding ramp 34 is provided on the upper side of the limiting rod 31 in the chute one 2 and the chute two 3. A solenoid magnet 30 is also horizontally fixedly installed on each upright post. The four solenoid magnets 30 are respectively aligned with the four limiting rods 31, and a spring 32 is provided between each solenoid magnet 30 and the limiting rod 31. The spring 32 always keeps the tendency of pushing the limiting rod 31 into the chute one 2 / chute two 3 when not compressed. An anemometer 28, with the model AS - 8336, is installed on an upright post of the frame 1 with bolts. The working surface of the anemometer 28 is arranged along the east direction, and the set detection wind speed of the anemometer 28 is 10m / . A timing unit 26 is also fixedly installed on the frame 1. The timing unit 26 is a 24-hour timing circuit, and the main time of the timing unit 26 is divided into three periods: 7:00 - 11:00, 11:00 - 14:00, and 14:00 in the afternoon - 7:00 the next day.

[0045] The specific working process is as follows:

[0046] Before work: The photovoltaic panel 4 and the liquid storage box 11 are horizontally static on the support table 29. The slide bar one 6 and the slide bar two 8 inside each of the chute one 2 and the chute two 3 are located below the limiting rod 31 inside the corresponding chute, and the top is tangent to the bottom of the limiting rod 31, so that the liquid storage tank cannot move in the vertical direction. The inverted triangular limiting block 33 is inserted into the gap between the round rods on the upper surface of the support table 29, so that the liquid storage tank cannot move in the horizontal direction.

[0047] When working: At 7:00 in the morning, the sun rises from the east. The timing unit 26 controls the solenoid valve two 20 to open, and all the electromagnets 30 located on one side of the chute two 3 are activated. The electromagnet 30 adsorbs the limit rod 31 horizontally placed inside the chute one 2. After being adsorbed by the electromagnet 30, the limit rod 31 slides horizontally out of the chute one 2. At the same time, the timing unit 26 controls the water pump 16 to start. After the water pump 16 starts, it pumps tap water into the interior of the pipeline two 19, and enters the two water hoses two 10 through the opened solenoid valve two 20 on the pipeline two 19. When the liquid storage tank is not full, the water first enters the interior of the liquid storage box 11 through the check valve two 15 from the water hose two 10. Due to the existence of the check valve one 14, the water in the liquid storage box 11 cannot flow into the water hose one 9. After the interior of the liquid storage box 11 is full of water, the water will continue to be pumped into the interior of the water hose two 10 by the water pump 16. The two water hoses two 10 start to expand vertically inside the respective chutes two 3. The two expanded water hoses push the slide rod two 8 inside the chute two 3 upward, and finally it is pushed to the highest point of the chute two 3. One of the pressure sensors inside the chute two 3 will be squeezed by the slide rod two 8. When the squeezing pressure reaches the set 5N, the solenoid valve two 20 closes, the water pump 16 stops, and the electromagnet 30 on one side of the chute two 3 also loses power at the same time. Since the water hose two 10 is in an expanded state, the limit rod 31 on one side of the chute two 3 cannot be reset, and the spring 32 on one side of the chute two 3 is compressed. At this time, the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel 4 is tilted towards the east direction, so that the photovoltaic panel 4 can receive sunlight more fully.

[0048] The temperature sensor 27 detects the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 4. When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 4 exceeds 30 °C and lasts for ten minutes, the system will first judge whether this time is within the time period of 7:00 - 11:00. If so, the system will control the drain valve three 23 on the liquid storage box 11 to open, and first drain the water inside the liquid storage box 11. After draining the water inside the liquid storage box 11, the water inside the water hose two 10 will enter the liquid storage box 11 through the check valve two 15 due to its own pressure. Then, the water hose two 10 deflates because the water inside it flows into the liquid storage box 11. After draining the water inside the liquid storage box 11, the outlet valve three closes. The system judges according to the time period of 7:00 - 11:00, reopens the solenoid valve two 20, and refills the water into the water hose two 10 and the interior of the liquid storage box 11 in the above-mentioned manner again. After the pressure sensor two 25 detects the set pressure, it controls the water pump 16 and the solenoid valve two 20 to close, realizing the replacement of the cooling water inside the liquid storage box 11, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel 4 works within a temperature range with a relatively high power generation efficiency, and improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system.

[0049] When the time comes to the period from 11:00 to 14:00, the sun is directly above the photovoltaic panel 4. The system controls the second drain valve 13 to open. After the second drain valve 13 opens, under the gravity extrusion of the liquid storage box 11 and the photovoltaic panel 4, the second sliding rod 8 squeezes the two second water belts 10 downward. The water in the second water belts 10 is discharged from the second drain valve 13. Losing the support of the two second water belts 10, the second sliding rod 8 slides downward along the second chute 3. The spring 32 beside the second chute 3 loses the extrusion of the second water belt 10 and squeezes the limit rod 31 horizontally into the second chute 3 again. When the second sliding rod 8 squeezes the limit rod 31 from above, due to the existence of the guiding slope 34, the second sliding rod 8 can squeeze the limit rod 31 to move horizontally, and the spring 32 is temporarily compressed. When the second sliding rod 8 passes the limit rod 31, the spring 32 squeezes the limit rod 31 back into the second chute 3 again. At this time, the liquid storage tank and the photovoltaic panel 4 return to the state of being horizontally static before work, and cooperate with the noon sun to enable the photovoltaic panel 4 to be fully irradiated. At this time, the photovoltaic panel 4 and the liquid storage box 11 cannot move in the horizontal and vertical directions and are in a fixed state. At this time, the temperature sensor 27 still detects the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 4, and the liquid still drains away from the third drain valve 23 during drainage. However, when filling the inside of the liquid storage box 11 with the coolant, the solenoid valve 22 is controlled to open during this period, and the coolant is conveyed into the liquid storage box 11 from the pipe 21.

[0050] When it comes to the period from 14:00 to 7:00 the next day, the sun gradually moves westward. The timing unit 26 controls the electromagnet 30 located on one side of the first chute 2 to start, and then controls the first solenoid valve 18 and the water pump 16 to open, and starts to fill the second water belts 10 with water. At this time, since the liquid storage box 11 is already full of water, the water cannot enter the inside of the liquid storage box 11 and can only be filled into the first water belts 9. The first water belts 9 will expand and push the first sliding rod 6 inside the first chute 2 upward until the top of the first chute 2, and finally press the first pressure sensor 24 at the top of the first chute 2. When the pressure received by the first pressure sensor 24 reaches 5N, the first solenoid valve 18 closes and the water pump 16 closes. At this time, since the second water belts 10 are not filled with water, the first water belts 9 lift one side of the liquid storage box 11 and the photovoltaic panel 4, making the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel 4 tilt westward so that it can receive sunlight more fully.

[0051] During the working process, the anemometer 28 continuously detects the wind speed. When the wind speed exceeds the set value of 8 m / s, the anemometer 28 feeds an electrical signal back to the system. The system makes a judgment based on the current time period. If it is within the time period from 7:00 to 11:00, it controls the second drain valve 13 to open, allowing the second water hose 10 to drain water, enabling the photovoltaic panel 4 and the liquid storage box 11 to restore the initial locked state under their own gravity, and at the same time reducing the area of the photovoltaic panel 4 in the vertical direction to reduce the impact of the wind on the photovoltaic panel 4. If it is within the time period from 11:00 to 14:00, no action is required. If it is within the time period from 14:00 to 7:00 the next day, it controls the first drain valve 12 to open, draining the first water hose 9, so that the photovoltaic panel 4 resets under the action of gravity. When the wind speed is lower than 8 m / s and the duration exceeds ten minutes, the system then controls the corresponding solenoid valve to open according to the corresponding time period to readjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel 4.

[0052] Embodiment 2: The temperature at the use site is not lower than minus throughout the year. There are multiple photovoltaic panels 4, which are respectively installed on different racks 1.

[0053] Different from Embodiment 1: All the first water hoses 9 under different photovoltaic panels 4 are sequentially connected by hoses, and all the second water hoses 10 under different photovoltaic panels 4 are also sequentially connected by hoses. Starting from the first solenoid valve 18, the first drain valve 12 is arranged behind the last serially connected first water hose 9, and the first pressure sensor 24 is located at the top of the first chute 2 on the last rack 1 of the serially connected photovoltaic panels 4. Referring to the arrangement form of the first drain valve 12 and the first pressure sensor 24, starting from the second solenoid valve 20, the second drain valve 13 is arranged behind the last serially connected second water hose 10, and the second pressure sensor 25 is located at the top of the second chute 3 on the last rack 1 of the serially connected photovoltaic panels 4. Only one timing unit 26 and one anemometer 28 are provided. The timing unit 26 sets the time period in the form of Embodiment 1, and when the first solenoid valve 18 is opened, it simultaneously controls the electromagnet 30 on one side of the first chute 2 on each rack 1 of the photovoltaic panel 4 to act; when the second solenoid valve 20 is opened, it simultaneously controls the electromagnet 30 on one side of the second chute 3 on each rack 1 of the photovoltaic panel 4 to act. Each liquid storage box 11 is also connected by a hose, and only one third drain valve 23 is used and is arranged on the last liquid storage box 11. In this way, only one pump can be used to control the cooling and angle change of all photovoltaic panels 4.

[0054] Embodiment 3: The usage time is in winter, and the temperature may be below zero.

[0055] During use, through system settings, the photovoltaic panel 4 can be kept facing east (or horizontal, or facing west) for 24 hours a day, so that the photovoltaic panel 4 only maintains one state and no longer changes according to time. In this way, even if the water in the first water hose 9 or the second water hose 10 freezes, it will not affect the normal use of the photovoltaic panel 4. If it is kept in a horizontal state, since the first water hose 9 and the second water hose 10 are not filled with water, the damage caused by the freezing of the water inside the first water hose 9 or the second water hose 10 can be reduced, and the service life of the first water hose and the second water hose can be extended. If it snows in the area where it is used, keeping the photovoltaic panel 4 in an inclined state is beneficial to reducing the accumulation of snow on the photovoltaic panel 4. However, if it is kept inclined, the freezing of the water inside the first water hose 9 or the second water hose 10 may affect the service life of the first water hose 9 or the second water hose 10.

[0056] The functions and implementation processes not described in Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3 are the same as those in Embodiment 1, so no further elaboration will be made. The above embodiments are only illustrative examples among many embodiments of the present invention. There can be various changes without departing from the principle of the present invention. The embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art through changes to the present invention without creative labor also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed photovoltaic power generation system, comprising: A frame (1), one or more frames (1) are provided, on one side of each frame (1), two opposite first chutes (2) are vertically provided, and on the other side of each frame (1), two second chutes (3) are vertically provided; Photovoltaic panels (4), and photovoltaic panels (4) are provided on each frame (1); It is characterized in that: each photovoltaic panel (4) is rotatably installed on the corresponding frame (1), a heat dissipation device for dissipating heat from the photovoltaic panel (4) is fixedly installed at the bottom of each photovoltaic panel (4), when there are multiple frames (1), the heat dissipation devices on each photovoltaic panel (4) are communicated with each other, a first water belt (9) is provided inside each first chute (2), the first water belts (9) are communicated with each other, a second water belt (10) is provided inside each second chute (3), the second water belts (10) are communicated with each other, each first water belt (9) and each second water belt (10) are communicated with the heat dissipation device, and when the first water belt (9) and the second water belt (10) are filling the heat dissipation device with a coolant, they are filled with liquid and expand to push the heat dissipation device, changing the angle of the heat dissipation device and the photovoltaic panel (4); On one side of each photovoltaic panel (4), two third chutes (5) are provided. A first sliding rod (6) is slidably installed inside each third chute (5). On the other side of each photovoltaic panel (4), two fourth chutes (7) are provided. A second sliding rod (8) is slidably installed inside each fourth chute (7). The first sliding rods (6) on each photovoltaic panel (4) are respectively inserted into two first chutes (2) of the corresponding frame (1), and the second sliding rods (8) on each photovoltaic panel (4) are respectively inserted into two second chutes (3) of the corresponding frame (1). The heat dissipation device includes a liquid storage box (11) fixedly installed at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (4). The two third chutes (5) are oppositely opened on one side of the liquid storage box (11), and the two fourth chutes (7) are oppositely opened on the other side of the liquid storage box (11). Each first water belt (9) is located below the first sliding rod (6), and each second water belt (10) is located below the two second sliding rods (8). A first drain valve (12) is jointly provided between the interconnected first water belts (9), and a second drain valve (13) is jointly provided between the interconnected second water belts (10). A first one-way valve (14) is provided between each first water belt (9) and the liquid storage box (11) on the corresponding frame (1), and a second one-way valve (15) is provided between each second water belt (10) and the liquid storage box (11) on the corresponding frame (1). A water pump (16) is provided beside the frame (1). A first pipeline (17) is jointly connected between each first water belt (9) and the water pump (16). An electromagnetic valve one (18) is provided on the first pipeline (17). All the second water belts (10) are jointly connected with the water pump (16) through a second pipeline (19). An electromagnetic valve two (20) is provided on the second pipeline (19). A third pipeline (21) is jointly provided between all the liquid storage boxes (11) and the water pump (16). An electromagnetic valve three (22) is provided on the third pipeline (21). A third drain valve (23) is also jointly connected between all the liquid storage boxes (11). A locking device for locking the first sliding rod (6) and the second sliding rod (8) is provided on each of the first chute (2) and the second chute (3).

2. The distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: One of the first chutes (2) is provided with a first pressure sensor (24) on its top. The first pressure sensor (24) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic valve one (18). One of the second chutes (3) is provided with a second pressure sensor (25) on its top. The second pressure sensor (25) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic valve two (20).

3. A distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A timing unit (26) is provided on one of the frames (1). The timing unit (26) is electrically connected to the first electromagnetic valve (18), the second electromagnetic valve (20), the third electromagnetic valve (22), the first drain valve (12), the second drain valve (13), the third drain valve (23), and the water pump (16). The timing unit (26) controls the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve (18), the second electromagnetic valve (20), the third electromagnetic valve (22), the first drain valve (12), the second drain valve (13), and the third drain valve (23) according to the set time, and controls the start and stop of the water pump (16).

4. A distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (27) is provided between one or more of the photovoltaic panels (4) and the liquid storage box (11). The detection surface of each temperature sensor (27) is closely attached to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (4). Each temperature sensor (27) is electrically connected to the timing unit (26).

5. A distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: An anemometer (28) for detecting the wind speed is provided on one of the frames (1). The working surface of the anemometer (28) is arranged along the horizontal direction towards which the upper surface faces when the photovoltaic panel (4) is tilted. The anemometer (28) is electrically connected to the timing unit (26).

6. A distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking device includes a support platform (29) fixed on each frame (1). An electromagnet (30) is fixedly installed beside each of the first chute (2) and the second chute (3). A limiting rod (31) is horizontally slidably installed in the middle of each of the first chute (2) and the second chute (3). Each limiting rod (31) penetrates into the corresponding first chute (2) and the second chute (3). Each limiting rod (31) is aligned with the electromagnet (30) beside the corresponding first chute (2) and the second chute (3). A spring (32) is provided between each limiting rod (31) and the corresponding electromagnet (30). Each electromagnet (30) is electrically connected to the timing unit (26).

7. A distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper surfaces of all the support platforms (29) are multiple circular rods rotatably installed at intervals. Each circular rod is arranged in parallel. Multiple inverted triangular limiting blocks (33) are provided at the bottom of each liquid storage box (11). The distance between two adjacent limiting blocks (33) at the bottom of each liquid storage box (11) is the same as the diameter of the circular rod.

8. A distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the limiting rods (31) is provided with a guiding slope (34) inclined downward.

Images