A sponge structure and method for expanding the root zone growth space of a street tree

Abstract

The application discloses a sponge structure and method for expanding sidewalk tree root growth space, and the sponge structure comprises a permeation layer, a soil improvement layer, a water storage adjusting mechanism and an evaporation reduction structure, the soil improvement layer is used for filling original soil excavated on a sidewalk, the soil improvement layer is made by mixing gravel, waste wood and planting soil, and the sponge structure construction method comprises the steps of prefabricating a cement groove, pre-burying a water pipe, adjusting soil, preventing evaporation and laying the permeation layer. The soil is improved, the soil nutrition is improved, the soil is spongy, the water retention and storage performance of the soil is improved, the underground root growth space structure of the sidewalk tree is adjusted, the sidewalk tree and urban green land are connected, the sidewalk tree is really integrated into the green land, the urban heat island and waterlogging problems are solved, urban rainwater is utilized, the sidewalk tree grows healthily, and the ecological benefits of the tree are increased, and finally, the sponge city and the organicization of hard urban space are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sponge city technology, and in particular to a sponge structure and method for expanding the growth space of roadside tree roots. Background Technology

[0002] In urban hard-surface spaces, rainwater is rapidly drained away, and groundwater cannot replenish it. Urban dryness and heat lead to poor plant growth and a negative experience for residents. Excessive surface runoff causes urban flooding. Green space growth in highly urbanized areas reduces land use. While numerous concepts related to sponge cities are being proposed, and technologies such as grassed swales, family green spaces, and rain gardens in urban public green spaces are prevalent, they remain largely confined to green areas. They offer no solution to the root cause of urban flooding and dryness: hard-surface spaces lacking sponge-like design.

[0003] Street trees, as a major component of urban hard space, are an important part of urban greening. Green coverage and ecological benefits are generally calculated based on the number of trees planted in green spaces, but in reality, they are separated from urban green spaces due to the obstruction of hard space. Currently, street trees are typically planted in small, one-meter square holes, making each tree appear like a solitary plant in a flowerpot, completely disconnected from green areas. Due to compacted soil, vehicle and pedestrian traffic, and groundwater levels, street trees grow unevenly, with varying heights and thicknesses, resulting in an unsightly appearance. Their root systems are unable to spread and grow, confined to a small area, leading to root entanglement, compression, degeneration, and death, requiring significant replacement and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention proposes a sponge structure and method for expanding the growth space of the root system of roadside trees.

[0005] The present invention proposes a sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees, including a permeable layer, a soil amendment layer, a water storage and regulation mechanism, and an evaporation reduction structure. The soil amendment layer is used to fill the original soil excavated on the sidewalk, and the soil amendment layer is made of a mixture of gravel, waste wood and planting soil.

[0006] The water storage and regulation mechanism is located between the sidewalk and the motor vehicle lane. The water storage and regulation mechanism includes a cement tank, a soil and water conservation net, a water level sensor, a low water level water supply pipe, and a warning water level drainage pipe.

[0007] The inner wall of the cement trough is waterproofed. The outer wall of the cement trough near the soil improvement layer has evenly distributed seepage holes. The soil and water conservation net is bonded to the outer wall of the cement trough near the soil improvement layer. The water level sensor is vertically fixed on the inner wall of the cement trough. The low water level water supply pipe is connected to the municipal water supply pipe, and a water supply electric control valve is installed at the outlet of the municipal water supply pipe. The warning water level drainage pipe is connected to the municipal drainage pipe, and a drainage electric control valve is installed on the warning water level drainage pipe. Control boxes are set every 1000m-5000m. The controller in the control box is connected to the water level sensor signal to control the opening and closing of the water supply electric control valve and the drainage electric control valve.

[0008] During the rainy season, rainwater seeps into the cement trough through the infiltration layer and soil improvement layer. When the water level sensor detects the water level at the flood warning level of the drainage pipe, it sends a signal to the controller. The controller then controls the opening of the drainage electrical control valve to discharge excess water through the municipal drainage pipe.

[0009] During drought, when the water level sensor detects that the water level is lower than the water level in the low water level supply pipe, it sends a signal to the controller. The controller then controls the opening of the water supply valve to replenish the cement tank with water and allow the water to penetrate into the soil amendment layer.

[0010] The evaporation reduction structure includes a support plate located on the upper part of the inner wall on both sides of the cement tank, a water sealing plate overlapping the top of the support plate, and a layer of original soil covering the top of the support plate. The gap between the water sealing plate and the cement tank is filled with sealant.

[0011] Preferably, the volume percentage of each component in the soil amendment layer is: 40% crushed stone, 20% waste wood and 40% planting soil, wherein the waste wood includes wood blocks and wood chips.

[0012] Preferably, the planting soil is made by mixing original sidewalk soil, organic matter, and organic fertilizer, with a volume percentage of 70% original sidewalk soil, 20% organic matter, and 10% organic fertilizer.

[0013] Preferably, the permeable layer is laid on top of the soil amendment layer and the original soil layer, and the permeable layer is composed of permeable bricks spliced ​​together.

[0014] Preferably, the permeable brick includes a main frame consisting of an outer frame and a mesh reinforcement, and a concrete block filled within the main frame, with a permeable hole at the center of the concrete block.

[0015] Preferably, elastic blocks are provided on one outer wall and one side of the outer frame, and slots are provided on the other outer wall and the other side of the outer frame.

[0016] The present invention proposes a method for constructing a sponge structure to expand the root growth space of roadside trees, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Precast cement trough. Precast cement troughs in sections according to the sidewalk design. Excavate the foundation pit in the sidewalk planning area, bury the cement trough in the foundation pit, and connect the cement troughs in sequence with cement mortar. Waterproof the spliced ​​cement troughs and attach soil and water conservation netting to the outer wall of the cement trough near the foundation pit.

[0018] S2: Pre-embed water pipes, fix low water level supply pipe, warning water level drainage pipe and water level sensor in cement trough, set up control box, connect the controller in the control box to the water level sensor signal, and electrically connect the control box to the water supply electric control valve and the drainage electric control valve.

[0019] S3: Prepare the soil by mixing the original soil, organic matter, and organic fertilizer excavated from the foundation pit in a volume ratio of 7:2:1 to make planting soil. Then, mix the crushed stone, waste wood, and planting soil in a volume ratio of 2:1:2 to make improved soil. Backfill the improved soil into the foundation pit and plant sidewalk trees. Flatten and compact the soil improvement layer.

[0020] S4: Anti-evaporation treatment: Install a water sealing board on the top of the cement tank, apply sealant to the gaps, and backfill the original soil of the foundation pit to form an original soil layer, which flattens the soil layer and greatly reduces the evaporation of water in the cement tank.

[0021] S5: Lay a permeable layer by splicing the permeable bricks one by one and laying them on the soil improvement layer and the original soil layer to reserve space for the growth of sidewalk trees.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. By mixing crushed stones, waste wood, organic matter, and organic fertilizer into the original soil excavated from the foundation pit, the soil is improved. This not only increases the nutrients in the soil, providing nutrients for sidewalk trees and flowers, but also makes the soil "sponge-like," increasing its water retention and storage capacity. By adjusting the underground root growth space structure of the street trees, the street trees and urban green spaces are connected, allowing the street trees to truly integrate into the green space. This solves the problems of urban heat island and waterlogging, utilizes urban rainwater, promotes the healthy growth of street trees, and increases the ecological benefits of trees. The ultimate goal is to create a sponge city and organically transform hard urban spaces.

[0024] 2. During the rainy season, rainwater seeps into the cement tank through the infiltration layer and soil amendment layer. When the water level sensor detects that the water level is below the flood warning level of the drainage pipe, it sends a signal to the controller. The controller then controls the opening of the drainage electric valve to discharge excess water through the municipal drainage pipe. During the dry season, when the water level sensor detects that the water level is lower than the water level of the low water level replenishment pipe, it sends a signal to the controller. The controller then controls the opening of the water replenishment electric valve to replenish water to the cement tank and allow the water to seep into the soil amendment layer. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees, as proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the permeable layer structure of a sponge structure that expands the growth space of roadside tree roots, as proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a sponge-structured water storage and regulation mechanism for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees, as proposed in this invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for constructing a sponge structure to expand the root growth space of roadside trees, as proposed in this invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Soil amendment layer; 2. Cement trough; 3. Infiltration hole; 4. Soil and water conservation net; 5. Water level sensor; 6. Low water level water supply pipe; 7. Warning water level drainage pipe; 8. Permeable layer; 9. Outer frame; 10. Mesh reinforcement; 11. Concrete block; 12. Water permeable hole; 13. Elastic block; 14. Slot; 15. Bearing plate; 16. Water sealing plate; 17. Sealant; 18. Original soil layer. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0031] Example 1, referring to Figure 1-3 A sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees includes a permeable layer 8, a soil amendment layer 1, a water storage and regulation mechanism and an evaporation reduction structure. The soil amendment layer 1 is used to fill the original soil excavated on the sidewalk. The soil amendment layer 1 is made of a mixture of gravel, waste wood and planting soil.

[0032] The water storage and regulation mechanism is located between the sidewalk and the motor vehicle lane. The water storage and regulation mechanism includes a cement tank 2, a soil and water conservation net 4, a water level sensor 5, a low water level water supply pipe 6, and a warning water level drainage pipe 7.

[0033] The inner wall of the cement trough 2 is waterproofed. The outer wall of the cement trough 2 near the soil improvement layer 1 has equally spaced seepage holes 3. The soil and water conservation net 4 is bonded to the outer wall of the cement trough 2 near the soil improvement layer 1. The water level sensor 5 is vertically fixed on the inner wall of the cement trough 2. The low water level water supply pipe 6 is connected to the municipal water supply pipe, and a water supply electric control valve is installed at the outlet of the municipal water supply pipe. The warning water level drainage pipe 7 is connected to the municipal drainage pipe, and a drainage electric control valve is installed on the warning water level drainage pipe 7. Control boxes are set every 1000m-5000m. The controller in the control box is connected to the water level sensor 5 to control the opening and closing of the water supply electric control valve and the drainage electric control valve.

[0034] The evaporation reduction structure includes a support plate 15 located on the upper part of the inner wall on both sides of the cement tank 2, a water sealing plate 16 overlapping the top of the support plate 15, and an original soil layer 18 covering the top of the support plate 15. The gap between the water sealing plate 16 and the cement tank 2 is filled with sealant 17.

[0035] The volume percentage of each component in soil amendment layer 1 is: 40% crushed stone, 20% waste wood and 40% planting soil mixture, where waste wood includes wood blocks and sawdust.

[0036] The planting soil is made by mixing original sidewalk soil, organic matter, and organic fertilizer, with a volume percentage of 70% original sidewalk soil, 20% organic matter, and 10% organic fertilizer.

[0037] The permeable layer 8 is laid on top of the soil improvement layer 1 and the original soil layer 18. The permeable layer 8 is composed of permeable bricks.

[0038] The permeable brick includes a main frame consisting of an outer frame 9 and a grid reinforcement 10, and a concrete block 11 filled in the main frame, with a permeable hole 12 at the center of the concrete block 11.

[0039] The outer frame 9 has elastic clips 13 on one side of the outer wall and one side of the outer wall, and slots 14 are opened on the other side of the outer frame 9 and the other side of the outer wall.

[0040] Example 2, refer to Figure 4 The present invention proposes a method for constructing a sponge structure to expand the root growth space of roadside trees, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1: Precast cement trough 2, precast cement trough 2 in sections according to the sidewalk design, excavate the foundation pit in the sidewalk planning area, bury cement trough 2 in the foundation pit, and connect cement trough 2 in sequence with cement mortar, waterproof the spliced ​​cement trough 2, and attach soil and water conservation net 4 to the outer wall of cement trough 2 on the side near the foundation pit.

[0042] S2: Pre-embed water pipes, fix low water level water supply pipe 6, warning water level drainage pipe 7 and water level sensor 5 in cement tank 2, set up control box, connect the controller in the control box to the signal of water level sensor 5, and connect the control box to the water supply electric control valve and the drainage electric control valve.

[0043] S3: Soil preparation. The original soil excavated from the foundation pit, organic matter, and organic fertilizer are mixed in a volume ratio of 7:2:1 to create planting soil. Then, gravel, waste wood, and planting soil are mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1:2 to create improved soil. This improved soil is backfilled into the foundation pit, and sidewalk trees are planted. The improved soil layer 1 is then compacted and leveled. By mixing gravel, waste wood, organic matter, and organic fertilizer into the original soil excavated from the foundation pit, the soil is improved. This not only increases the nutrients in the soil, providing nutrients for sidewalk trees and flowers, but also makes the soil more "sponge-like," increasing its water retention and storage capacity. By adjusting the underground root growth space structure of the street trees, the street trees and urban green spaces are connected, allowing the street trees to truly integrate into the green space. This solves the urban heat island and waterlogging problems, utilizes urban rainwater, promotes the healthy growth of street trees, and increases the ecological benefits of trees. Ultimate goal: Sponge city, organicating hard urban spaces;

[0044] S4: Anti-evaporation treatment: Install a water sealing plate 16 on the top of the cement tank 2, apply sealant 17 to the gaps, and backfill the original soil of the foundation pit to form the original soil layer 18, which greatly reduces the evaporation of water in the cement tank 2.

[0045] S5: Lay the permeable layer 8, splice the permeable bricks in sequence, and lay them on the soil improvement layer 1 and the original soil layer 18 to reserve space for the growth of sidewalk trees.

[0046] During the rainy season, rainwater seeps into the cement tank 2 through the infiltration layer 8 and the soil amendment layer 1. When the water level sensor detects the water level at the flood warning level of the drainage pipe, it sends a signal to the controller. The controller then controls the opening of the drainage electric valve to discharge excess water through the municipal drainage pipe. During drought, when the water level sensor detects that the water level is lower than the water level in the low water level replenishment pipe, it sends a signal to the controller. The controller then controls the opening of the water replenishment electric valve to replenish water to the cement tank 2 and allow the water to seep into the soil amendment layer 1.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees, comprising a permeable layer (8), a soil amendment layer (1), a water storage and regulation mechanism, and an evaporation reduction structure, characterized in that, The soil amendment layer (1) is used to fill the original soil excavated on the sidewalk. The soil amendment layer (1) is made of a mixture of gravel, waste wood and planting soil. The water storage and regulation mechanism is located between the sidewalk and the motor vehicle lane. The water storage and regulation mechanism includes a cement tank (2), a soil and water conservation net (4), a water level sensor (5), a low water level water supply pipe (6), and a warning water level drainage pipe (7). The inner wall of the cement trough (2) is waterproofed. The outer wall of the cement trough (2) near the soil improvement layer (1) has equally spaced seepage holes (3). The soil and water conservation net (4) is bonded to the outer wall of the cement trough (2) near the soil improvement layer (1). The water level sensor (5) is vertically fixed on the inner wall of the cement trough (2). The low water level water supply pipe (6) is connected to the municipal water supply pipe, and a water supply electric control valve is installed at the outlet of the municipal water supply pipe. The warning water level drainage pipe (7) is connected to the municipal drainage pipe, and a drainage electric control valve is installed on the warning water level drainage pipe (7). Control boxes are set every 1000m-5000m. The controller in the control box is connected to the water level sensor (5) to control the opening and closing of the water supply electric control valve and the drainage electric control valve. The evaporation reduction structure includes a support plate (15) located on the upper part of the inner wall on both sides of the cement tank (2), a water sealing plate (16) overlapping the top of the support plate (15), and an original soil layer (18) covering the top of the support plate (15). The gap between the water sealing plate (16) and the cement tank (2) is filled with sealant (17).

2. The sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume percentage of each component in the soil amendment layer (1) is: 20% crushed stone, 20% waste wood and 60% planting soil. The waste wood includes wood blocks and wood chips.

3. The sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees according to claim 2, characterized in that, The planting soil is made from a mixture of sidewalk soil, organic matter, and organic fertilizer, with a volume percentage of 70% sidewalk soil, 20% organic matter, and 10% organic fertilizer.

4. The sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permeable layer (8) is laid on top of the soil improvement layer (1) and the original soil layer (18), and the permeable layer (8) is composed of permeable bricks.

5. A sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees according to claim 4, characterized in that, The permeable brick includes a main frame consisting of an outer frame (9) and a mesh reinforcement (10) and a concrete block (11) filled in the main frame, and a permeable hole (12) is opened at the center of the concrete block (11).

6. A sponge structure for expanding the root growth space of roadside trees according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer frame (9) has elastic clips (13) on one side of the outer wall and one side of the outer wall, and slots (14) are opened on the other side of the outer frame (9).

7. The method for constructing a sponge structure to expand the root growth space of roadside trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Precast cement trough (2), precast cement trough (2) in sections according to the sidewalk design, excavate the foundation pit in the sidewalk planning area, bury the cement trough (2) in the foundation pit, and connect the cement trough (2) in sequence with cement mortar, waterproof the spliced ​​cement trough (2), and attach the soil and water conservation net (4) to the outer wall of the cement trough (2) near the foundation pit. S2: Pre-embed water pipes, fix low water level water supply pipe (6), warning water level drainage pipe (7) and water level sensor (5) in cement trough (2), set up control box, connect the controller in the control box to the water level sensor (5) signal, and connect the control box to the water supply electric control valve and the drainage electric control valve. S3: Prepare the soil by mixing the original soil, organic matter and organic fertilizer excavated in the foundation pit in a volume ratio of 7:2:1 to make planting soil. Then mix the crushed stone, waste wood and planting soil in a volume ratio of 2:1:2 to make improved soil. Backfill the improved soil into the foundation pit and plant sidewalk trees. Flatten and compact the soil improvement layer (1). S4: Anti-evaporation treatment, install a water sealing plate (16) on the top of the cement tank (2), apply sealant (17) to the gaps, and backfill the original soil of the foundation pit to form the original soil layer (18), and compact the plain soil layer (18), which greatly reduces the evaporation of water in the cement tank (2); S5: Lay the permeable layer (8), splice the permeable bricks in sequence, and lay them on the soil improvement layer (1) and the original soil layer (18) to reserve space for the growth of sidewalk trees.

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