Real-time monitoring type three support structure synchronous construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and discloses a real-time monitoring type three-support structure synchronous construction method The present application aims at solving the technical problems that the track equipment reliability is not high and cannot be replaced in time after the tunnel lining and tunnel excavation are implemented synchronously in the prior art The construction steps of the present application include: tunnel excavation, inverted arch lining processing, inverted arch support lining support, tunnel boring machine tunneling synchronous construction, side top arch lining trolley assembly and displacement The present application realizes synchronous implementation of the tunnel lining and tunnel excavation, reasonably controls the excavation and lining speed, has the advantages of shortening the long and large tunnel construction period, improving the tunnel lining quality, prolonging the track equipment service life and the like ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 。

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a real-time monitoring method for synchronous construction of a three-support structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening implementation of national strategies such as the "Western Development Strategy" and the "Transportation Powerhouse Initiative," there is an urgent need to construct numerous long tunnels in the fields of transportation, water conservancy, and energy. The use of open-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is the preferred method for constructing long tunnels in challenging geological conditions such as fractured collapses, hard rock bursts, and soft rock deformation. TBM construction materials are transported via railcars, requiring the maintenance of unobstructed transport channels in the excavated tunnels. Secondary lining can only be implemented after the entire tunnel is completed, thus extending the overall construction period for long tunnels.

[0003] Therefore, how to achieve simultaneous tunnel lining and tunnel excavation without blocking the material transport channel of the tunnel boring machine, and how to reasonably control the speed of excavation and lining, are technical problems that urgently need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, in the existing technology, there are related technologies that propose to design a synchronous lining method. For example, see the patent published in CN114017047A entitled "Construction Method of Tunnel Cast-in-Place Invert Lining Trolley and Synchronous TBM Excavation of Invert Lining", which discloses a synchronous lining method. It mentions that by using climbing rails and other equipment, a method can be used to achieve synchronous operation of the front and rear sections to improve construction efficiency.

[0004] However, during on-site construction, the applicant further discovered the following drawbacks of this construction plan: 1. Simultaneous construction results in longer on-rail time for the lining equipment, higher utilization of the rails, higher wear rate on the upper surface of the rails, shorter unit usage time of the rails, and more frequent replacements; 2. Controlling the timing of replacement requires experienced workers, placing high demands on the work experience of the construction personnel. If the timing of replacement is incorrect, it may cause shutdowns and production stoppages, affecting overall work efficiency, or excessively frequent replacements may increase construction and operating costs, resulting in wasted production capacity.

[0005] In summary, the current synchronous lining technology has created new problems, such as the difficulty in timely measurement and replacement of equipment wear. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above technical problems, this disclosure provides a real-time monitoring method for synchronous construction of three-support structures, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that the track equipment is not reliable and cannot be replaced in a timely manner after the tunnel lining and tunnel excavation are carried out simultaneously.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a real-time monitoring method for synchronous construction of a three-support structure is provided. The three-support structure includes initial support, invert arch pier lining support, and side arch lining support. During construction, a material transport locomotive is equipped with a track structure that drives the locomotive throughout the entire process. The track structure includes a pre-existing track, a temporary track, and a post-existing track connected sequentially. The steps of the real-time monitoring method for synchronous construction of the three-support structure are as follows:

[0008] S1: Tunnel Excavation: The tunnel boring machine excavates the tunnel to form the initial tunnel, and initial support consisting of steel arches, steel bars, and wet shotcrete is constructed around the tunnel. Then, steel sleepers made of welded steel sections are laid on the arc-shaped surface at the bottom of the tunnel, and a track structure is installed on the steel sleepers. The track structure includes an initial track and a later track to enable the tunnel boring machine to travel on the track structure.

[0009] S2: Invert arch lining support processing: A mobile trestle is installed behind the tunnel boring machine. The mobile trestle is equipped with a moving track that cooperates with the invert arch lining trolley. The two ends of the mobile trestle are respectively provided with upper and lower slopes. The invert arch lining trolley is equipped with a temporary track. The temporary track is matched with the bottom dimensions of the material transport vehicle. Inclined floating turnouts are arranged on the upper and lower slopes. The invert arch template is installed at the bottom of the mobile trestle. The space between the invert arch template and the bottom of the tunnel is a reserved space for the invert arch lining support. The bottom of the invert arch template is reserved with a groove for the later track installation of the rear work position.

[0010] S3: Simultaneous construction of invert arch lining support and tunnel boring machine excavation: The invert arch lining trolley on the mobile trestle works simultaneously with the tunnel boring machine to pour the invert arch lining support. After solidification, firstly, the invert arch lining trolley remains stationary, and the auxiliary support of the mobile trestle moves under the drive of the horizontal hydraulic mechanism. Secondly, it is fixed to the next work position under the drive of the vertical hydraulic mechanism. Finally, the horizontal hydraulic mechanism moves in the opposite direction, driving the invert arch lining trolley to move to the next work position. After the relocation process, the subsequent track is promptly installed on the invert arch lining support, and the continuity of the track structure is monitored in real time to ensure the connection between the subsequent track and the floating turnout.

[0011] S4: Assembly and displacement of the side arch lining trolley: Install the side arch lining trolley track behind the formed inverted arch pier lining support, and install the side arch lining trolley with the side arch lining trolley track as the reference. The side arch lining trolley is equipped with a material feeding channel through which a material transport locomotive passes, and a post-track is set at the bottom of the material feeding channel.

[0012] In S2~S4, a set of real-time detection devices for detecting the shape and size of the track is set on the track structure at a maximum interval of 50cm.

[0013] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the initial support application in S1 includes the following steps:

[0014] S1: Fabrication of steel arch frames and steel reinforcement bars: Based on the unstable parts of the tunnel surrounding rock and the corresponding characteristics of geomechanics, the bearing pressure of steel arch frames and steel reinforcement bars is arranged. The distance between steel arch frames is less than 90cm, and the distance between steel reinforcement bars is less than 10cm.

[0015] S2: Installation of steel arch frame and steel reinforcement bar: The spatial angle between the tunnel axis and the steel arch frame axis is between 95 and 105 degrees;

[0016] S3: Shotcrete treatment: Shotcrete encloses the steel arch frame, forming a composite structure of shotcrete and steel arch frame. The shotcrete backfill is compacted.

[0017] S4: Tunnel surface leveling and repair treatment: Shotcrete surface leveling and coating restoration are carried out using repair materials;

[0018] Pressure sensing devices are installed on the steel arch frame and the steel bar row. The pressure devices measure the pressure value in real time and transmit the measurement signal remotely to the input terminal of the main control room of the tunnel excavation equipment via a communication circuit.

[0019] In some embodiments of this disclosure, in step S3: a post-construction track is installed on the lining support of the inverted arch pier. The post-construction track includes several rails, several sleepers, and several connecting parts. A real-time detection device is installed on the connecting parts. The connecting parts include intermediate fasteners and rail joints. The rails are vertically installed above the sleepers through the intermediate fasteners, and the rail joints connect the rails to each other.

[0020] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the rail joint includes a clamp-type fastener, which includes at least one clamp, several bolts, and several washers. The clamp, washers, and rail are provided with through holes that mate with the bolts to achieve a detachable connection between the rails. The intermediate fastener includes an E-type elastic clip fastener and a W-type elastic clip fastener.

[0021] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the real-time detection device is electrically connected to the main control room of the tunnel boring machine. The real-time detection device includes an electronic torque meter and a displacement detection mechanism. The electronic torque meter measures the torque value of the spring in real time. The displacement detection mechanism includes an infrared monitor and remotely transmits the measured torque signal and displacement to the input terminal of the main control room via a communication circuit.

[0022] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the tunnel boring machine and / or material transport vehicle and / or invert lining trolley and / or tunnel boring machine rear trolley and / or side arch lining trolley are equipped with a speed control component. The speed control component includes a vehicle speed sensor, a main control module, and an actuator. The vehicle speed sensor is electrically connected to the engine and the main control module to sense the driving speed and transmit the speed signal to the main control module. The main control module includes an engine control unit and a main control switch. The main control switch is electrically connected to the engine control unit. The main control module is located on the steering column / steering wheel, receives the speed signal output by the sensor, and transmits the control signal to the actuator. The actuator includes an engine throttle actuator to convert the control signal output by the main control module into mechanical motion to achieve the set vehicle speed.

[0023] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the vehicle speed sensor includes a magnetic pulse sensor / photoelectric sensor / Hall effect sensor / magnetoresistive sensor.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. By combining the track system and the detection system, the tunnel lining and tunnel excavation were carried out simultaneously, and the three support structures were constructed at the same time, which effectively shortened the construction period of long tunnels, improved the quality of tunnel lining, and extended the service life of track equipment.

[0026] 2. The initial support construction around the tunnel, including steel arch frame, steel bar strip, and wet shotcrete, is a safe construction protection measure that increases structural safety and facilitates subsequent construction.

[0027] 3. The real-time detection mechanism provides detailed data for the background to determine the working status of the equipment, and at the same time, it can promptly detect the wear and tear of the track after long-term operation and select the appropriate time for maintenance.

[0028] 4. The mobile walkway design facilitates the stable relocation of the invert arch lining equipment without affecting the transportation of materials.

[0029] 5. Diverse testing equipment is used to detect the wear and deformation of the rails while further preventing equipment derailment.

[0030] 6. Steel sleepers made of welded steel sections are laid on the curved surface at the bottom of the tunnel to facilitate the installation of the initial and later tracks, reduce the number of construction workers and the intensity of construction, and shorten the construction period.

[0031] 7. The inclined floating turnouts at both ends of the temporary track are a set of complete turnouts temporarily placed on the original track to connect with the tracks at both ends. They are simple in structure, movable, easy to design and process on site, and highly flexible.

[0032] 8. The side arch lining trolley has a hollow structure, which allows material transport locomotives to pass through it without blocking the material transport channel of the tunnel boring machine.

[0033] 9. The tunnel boring machine and / or material transport locomotive and / or invert lining trolley and / or tunnel boring machine rear trolley and / or side arch lining trolley are equipped with speed control components to ensure that the set speed is within a reasonable range, coordinate the entire construction process, and improve work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the layout of tunnel excavation and lining equipment and the lining structure.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional layout diagram for the initial support of the tunnel and the material transport section of the track in the early stage of utilization.

[0036] Figure 3 Layout diagram of the cross-section for the invert arch lining trolley and the temporary track material transport;

[0037] Figure 4 A cross-sectional layout diagram for the lining support of the inverted arch foundation and the subsequent rail material transportation;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional layout diagram of the lining trolley for the side arch and the material transport section using the later track system.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel lining structure.

[0040] Figure 7 The logic block diagram of the speed control component;

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the track structure for a W-type elastic clip fastener;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of a type E-type elastic bar fastener;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of a W-type elastic bar fastener;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a top view of the structure of the mobile trestle bridge;

[0045] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the mobile trestle bridge from below;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a block diagram showing the connection of the main control room for tunnel boring equipment.

[0047] The components in the diagram are named as follows: 1. Tunnel Boring Machine, 2. Initial Support, 3. Invert Lining Trolley, 31. Invert Formwork, 32. Main Beam of Invert Lining Trolley, 33. Temporary Track, 4. Invert Foundation Lining Support, 5. Side Arch Lining Trolley, 6. Side Arch Lining Support, 7. Rail Sleeper, 8. Initial Track, 9. Material Transport Locomotive, 10. Track Structure, 11. Later Track, 12. Side Arch Lining Trolley Track, 13. Rail, 14. Rail Sleeper, 15. Rail Head, 16. Rail Web, 17. Rail Base, 18. Intermediate Fastener, 19. Clamping Fastener, 20. Clamping Plate, 21. Bolt, 22. Washer, 23. W-type Elastic Clip Fastener, 24. Through Hole, 25. E-type Elastic Clip Fastener, 26. 27. Moving trestle, 28. Moving track, 29. Uphill surface, 20. Downhill surface, 34. Horizontal hydraulic mechanism, 35. Vertical hydraulic mechanism, 36. Electronic torque meter, 37. Infrared monitor. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0049] This example discloses a real-time monitoring method for synchronous construction of a three-support structure. (See also...) Figures 1 to 13 The tunnel boring machine (1), the invert arch lining trolley (3), and the side arch lining trolley (5) work together. The three support structures include the initial support (2), the invert arch pier lining support (4), and the side arch lining support (6). During construction, the material transport locomotive (9) is equipped with a track structure (10) that drives it throughout the entire process. The track structure (10) includes the initial track (8), the temporary track (33), and the final track (11) connected in sequence.

[0050] Tunnel boring machine 1 is responsible for tunnel excavation and initial support 2 construction. After tunnel excavation, initial support 2, consisting of steel arches, reinforcing bars, and wet-sprayed concrete, is constructed around the tunnel perimeter. The construction steps are as follows:

[0051] S1: Fabrication of steel arch frames and steel reinforcement bars: Based on the unstable parts of the tunnel surrounding rock and the corresponding characteristics of geomechanics, the bearing pressure of steel arch frames and steel reinforcement bars is arranged. The distance between steel arch frames is less than 90cm, and the distance between steel reinforcement bars is less than 10cm.

[0052] S2: Installation of steel arch frame and steel reinforcement bar: The spatial angle between the tunnel axis and the steel arch frame axis is between 95 and 105 degrees;

[0053] S3: Shotcrete treatment: Shotcrete encloses the steel arch frame, forming a composite structure of shotcrete and steel arch frame. The shotcrete backfill is compacted.

[0054] S4: Tunnel surface leveling and repair treatment: Shotcrete surface leveling and coating restoration are carried out using repair materials;

[0055] Pressure sensors are installed on the steel arch frame and the steel bar row. The pressure sensors measure the pressure value in real time and transmit the measurement signal remotely to the input terminal of the main control room of the tunnel excavation equipment via the communication circuit, so that the construction personnel can view and maintain it.

[0056] After the initial support 2 is completed, steel sleepers 7, made of welded steel sections, are laid on the arc-shaped surface at the bottom of the tunnel. The initial track 8 and the later track 11 are installed on the steel sleepers 7. The initial track 8 is used for the material transport locomotive 9 to travel between the tunnel boring machine 1 and the invert lining trolley 3. The later track 11 is used for the rear matching trolley of the tunnel boring machine 1 to travel.

[0057] The track structure 10 includes several rails 13, several sleepers 14, and several connecting parts; the rails 13 have an I-shaped cross-section and include a rail head 15, a rail web 16, and a rail base 17; the sleepers 14 are arranged parallel to each other at the bottom of the tunnel; a real-time detection device is installed on the connecting parts, which include intermediate fasteners 18 and rail joints. The rails are vertically installed above the sleepers 14 through the intermediate fasteners 18, and the rail joints are connected between the rails 13. The rail joint includes a clamp-type fastener 19, which comprises two clamping plates 20, several bolts 21, and several washers 22. The bottom of each washer 22 is equipped with a pressure sensing device. The clamping plates 20, washers 22, and rail 13 have through holes 24 that mate with the bolts 21. The two clamping plates 20 are fixedly installed on both sides of the rail web 16 of the rail 13 using the bolts 21 and washers 22, thus achieving a detachable connection between the rails 13. The intermediate fasteners include an E-type elastic clip fastener 25 and a W-type elastic clip fastener 23, such as... Figures 8 to 10 As shown.

[0058] After the track structure 10 is installed, the invert arch pier lining support is fabricated, such as... Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, a mobile trestle 26 is installed behind the tunnel boring machine 1. The mobile trestle 26 is equipped with a mobile track 27 that cooperates with the invert lining trolley 3. The two ends of the mobile trestle 26 are respectively provided with an upslope surface 28 and a downslope surface 29. The invert lining trolley 3 is equipped with a temporary track 33, which is matched with the bottom dimensions of the material transport vehicle 9. Inclined floating turnouts are arranged on both the upslope surface 28 and the downslope surface 29. The bottom of the mobile trestle 26 is equipped with an invert formwork 31. The space between the invert formwork 31 and the bottom of the tunnel is a reserved space for the invert lining support 4. The bottom of the invert formwork 31 is reserved with a slot for the installation of the later track 11 of the rear work position. The invert lining trolley 3 is responsible for the construction of the invert lining support 4 at the bottom of the tunnel and the tunnel excavation are carried out simultaneously. The invert lining trolley 3 follows the tunnel boring machine 1 in operation. The main beam 32 of the invert lining trolley divides the invert lining trolley 3 into upper and lower working areas. The invert arch formwork 31 is arranged below the main beam 32 of the invert lining trolley for the construction of the invert arch bearing lining support 4. A double-track temporary track 33 is installed above the main beam 32 of the invert lining trolley for the material transport locomotive 9 to travel in the working section of the invert lining trolley 2. The temporary track 33 is equipped with inclined floating turnouts at both ends, one end connecting to the early track 8 and the other end connecting to the later track 11.

[0059] While processing the invert arch pier lining support, the tunnel boring machine 1 excavates synchronously. The invert arch lining trolley 3 on the mobile trestle 26 works simultaneously with the tunnel boring machine 1 to pour the invert arch pier lining support 4. After solidification, firstly, the invert arch lining trolley 3 remains stationary, and the auxiliary support of the mobile trestle 26 moves under the drive of the horizontal hydraulic mechanism 34. Secondly, it is fixed to the next work position under the drive of the vertical hydraulic mechanism 35. Finally, the horizontal hydraulic mechanism 34 moves in the opposite direction, driving the invert arch lining trolley 5 to move to the next work position. After the relocation process, the subsequent track 11 is promptly installed on the invert arch pier lining support 4 for the material transport locomotive 9 to travel after the invert arch lining trolley 2. The continuity of the track structure 10 is monitored in real time to ensure the connection between the subsequent track 11 and the floating turnout.

[0060] While the tunnel boring machine 1 is excavating, the side arch lining trolley 5 is assembled and moved. The side arch lining trolley track 12 is installed behind the already formed invert arch pier lining support 4. The side arch lining trolley 5 is installed with the side arch lining trolley track 12 as a reference. The side arch lining trolley 5 has a material feeding channel for the material transport vehicle 9, and a subsequent track 11 is installed at the bottom of the feeding channel. The side arch lining trolley 5 is responsible for the construction of the tunnel side arch lining support 6, which is carried out simultaneously with the tunnel excavation. The side arch lining trolley 5 follows the invert arch lining trolley 3. The side arch lining trolley 5 has a hollow structure, which can both construct the side arch lining support 6 and allow the material transport vehicle 9 to pass through. The side arch lining support 6 and the invert arch pier lining support 4 are integrated to complete the lining structure of the entire tunnel section.

[0061] On track structure 10, a set of real-time detection devices for detecting the shape and position dimensions of the track is installed at intervals of up to 50 cm. For example... Figure 13 As shown, the real-time detection device is electrically connected to the main control room of the tunnel excavation equipment. The real-time detection device includes an electronic torque meter and a displacement detection mechanism. The electronic torque meter measures the torque value of the spring in real time. The displacement detection mechanism includes an infrared monitor and transmits the measured torque signal and displacement remotely to the input terminal of the main control room via a communication circuit for the staff in the main control room to view and perform maintenance.

[0062] The tunnel boring machine and / or material transport locomotive and / or invert lining trolley and / or rear-mounted trolley of the tunnel boring machine and / or side arch lining trolley are equipped with speed control components, such as Figure 7 As shown, the speed control component includes a vehicle speed sensor, a main control module, and actuators. The vehicle speed sensor includes a magnetic pulse sensor, a photoelectric sensor, a Hall effect sensor, and a magnetoresistive sensor. The vehicle speed sensor is electrically connected to the engine and the main control module to sense the driving speed and transmit the speed signal to the main control module. The main control module includes an engine control unit and a main control switch electrically connected to the engine control unit. The main control module is located on the steering column / steering wheel, receives the speed signal output by the sensor, and transmits the control signal to the actuator. The actuator includes an engine throttle actuator to convert the control signal output by the main control module into mechanical motion to achieve the set vehicle speed.

[0063] Although some preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0064] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring of simultaneous construction of a three-bracket structure, the three-bracket structure comprising an initial support, an inverted arch support platform lining support, and a side-top arch lining support, characterized in that, The material transport vehicle is matched with a track structure for participating in the whole process during construction, and the track structure comprises a front track, a temporary track and a late track which are connected in sequence. S1: tunnel excavation: the tunnel boring machine excavates the tunnel to form an initial tunnel, and an initial support composed of a steel arch, a steel bar row and wet sprayed concrete is constructed around the tunnel; then, a steel rail sleeper welded from a profile steel is laid on the bottom arc surface of the tunnel, and a track structure is installed on the steel rail sleeper, the track structure comprising a front track and a late track to enable the tunnel boring machine to travel on the track structure; S2: inverted arch support lining support processing: a mobile trestle is installed behind the tunnel boring machine, a mobile track matched with an inverted arch lining trolley is arranged on the mobile trestle, upper and lower slope surfaces are respectively arranged at two ends of the mobile trestle, a temporary track is arranged on the inverted arch lining trolley, the temporary track is matched with the bottom size of the material transport vehicle, an inclined floating turnout is arranged on the upper and lower slope surfaces, an inverted arch formwork is installed at the bottom of the mobile trestle, the inverted arch formwork and the space at the bottom of the tunnel form a reserved space for the inverted arch support lining support, and a late track installation groove of a rear work station is reserved at the bottom of the inverted arch formwork; S3: inverted arch support lining support and tunnel boring machine excavation synchronous construction: the inverted arch lining trolley on the mobile trestle works simultaneously with the tunnel boring machine to pour the inverted arch support lining support, and after solidification and forming, firstly, the inverted arch lining trolley is stationary, the auxiliary support of the mobile trestle is moved under the drive of a horizontal hydraulic mechanism, secondly, the inverted arch lining trolley is fixed at the next work station under the drive of a vertical hydraulic mechanism, and finally, the horizontal hydraulic mechanism is reversely moved to drive the inverted arch lining trolley to move to the next work station, after the moving process, the late track is timely installed on the inverted arch support lining support, the continuity of the track structure is detected in real time, and the connection of the late track and the floating turnout is ensured; S4: assembly and displacement of side top arch lining trolley: a side top arch lining trolley track is installed behind the formed inverted arch support lining support, the side top arch lining trolley is installed based on the side top arch lining trolley track, the side top arch lining trolley is provided with a feeding channel through which the material transport vehicle passes, and a late track is arranged at the bottom of the feeding channel; In S2-S4, a set of real-time detection devices for detecting the size of the track shape are arranged on the track structure at most every 50 cm; The real-time detection devices are electrically connected to the main control room of the tunnel excavation equipment, the real-time detection devices comprise an electronic torque meter and a displacement detection mechanism, the electronic torque meter measures the torque value of the spring in real time, the displacement detection mechanism comprises an infrared monitor, and the measured torque signal and displacement are transmitted to the input end of the main control room through a communication circuit; The initial support construction in S1 comprises: (1) processing and manufacturing of steel arch and steel bar row: according to the unstable parts of the tunnel surrounding rock and the corresponding characteristics of geomechanics, the bearing pressure of the steel arch and the steel bar row is arranged, the distance between the steel arches is less than 90 cm, and the distance between the steel bars is less than 10 cm; (2) Steel arch and steel bar installation: the spatial angle between the tunnel axis and the steel arch axis is between 95-105 degrees; (3) Shotcrete treatment: shotcrete makes the steel arch in a closed state, forming a composite structure of shotcrete and steel arch, and the shotcrete is backfilled and compacted; (4) Tunnel surface leveling and repair treatment: shotcrete surface leveling and coating restoration are performed by repair materials; The steel arch and the steel bar are provided with a pressure sensing device, which measures the bearing pressure value in real time and transmits the measurement signal to the input end of the general control room of the tunnel boring equipment through a communication circuit.

2. The real-time monitored simultaneous construction of three support structures method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the late-stage track is installed on the inverted arch support lining, and the late-stage track includes a plurality of steel rails, a plurality of sleepers, and a plurality of connecting parts; the connecting parts are provided with a real-time detection device, and the connecting parts include intermediate fasteners and rail joints; the steel rails are vertically installed above the sleepers through the intermediate fasteners, and the rail joints are connected between the steel rails.

3. The real-time monitored simultaneous construction of three- support structure method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rail joint includes a clamping plate type fastener, which includes at least one clamping plate, a plurality of bolts, and a plurality of washers; the clamping plate, the washer, and the steel rail are provided with through holes matched with the bolts to achieve detachable connection between the steel rails; the intermediate fastener includes an e-shaped elastic strip fastener and a w-shaped elastic strip fastener.

4. The real-time monitored simultaneous construction of three- support structure method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel boring machine and / or the material transport vehicle and / or the inverted arch lining trolley and / or the tunnel boring machine rear supporting trolley and / or the side and top arch lining trolley are provided with a speed control assembly, which includes a vehicle speed sensor, a main control module, and an actuator; the vehicle speed sensor is electrically connected to the engine and the main control module to sense the driving speed and transmit the speed signal to the main control module; the main control module includes an engine control unit and a main control switch, the main control switch is electrically connected to the engine control unit, and the main control module is arranged on the steering column / steering wheel to receive the speed signal output by the sensor and transmit the control signal to the actuator; the actuator includes an engine throttle actuator to convert the control signal output by the main control module into mechanical motion to achieve the set speed.

5. The real-time monitored simultaneous construction of three- support structure method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vehicle speed sensor includes a magnetic pulse sensor, a photoelectric sensor, a Hall sensor, and a magnetoresistance sensor.

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