A precise protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its use method

Abstract

This invention discloses a precise protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its application method, relating to the technical field of slope protection devices. The device includes a protective net with multiple fixing mechanisms at its top. Each fixing mechanism includes a rod, and guide plates are provided on both sides of the rod. The two guide plates are inverted V-shaped, and hinge components are provided on the guide plates. Each guide plate includes a primary plate and a secondary plate. By installing guide plates on both sides of the rod, with the two guide plates forming an inverted V-shape, in the event of a large-scale landslide, the mud and rocks sliding down from a height encountering the guide plates will flow towards both sides of the reinforcing rod under the action of the guide plates. This gradually separates and disperses the mud and rocks during the landslide, reducing their destructive force and minimizing the impact of the landslide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection device technology, specifically to a device for precise protection of high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of railways and highways, tunnels are often excavated. Tunnels are carved into mountains, and the tunnel entrances are located at the foot of the mountains. Therefore, the area around the tunnel entrances is sloping, and these slopes are also called side slopes. Rocks and soil often roll down the side slopes. During the rainy season, landslides may even occur after being washed by rainwater. In order to prevent landslides, protective devices are usually installed on the side slopes.

[0003] Common slope protection devices typically involve covering the slope surface with a protective net to block falling soil, rocks, and other debris. For example, a mine slope protection device with publication number CN113005930A involves installing multiple mounting frames on the mine slope, which are connected by a protective net. This net encloses the slope, preventing falling rocks and reducing potential safety hazards.

[0004] However, this method of protection is ineffective and can only play a preventive role. Once a large-scale landslide occurs, it not only cannot stop it, but also cannot effectively reduce the impact of the landslide after it occurs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address this issue, this invention provides a device for precise protection of high slopes at tunnel entrances and a method for its use, thereby solving the problem that existing technologies cannot effectively reduce the impact of landslides after they occur.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] A precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances includes a protective net. The top of the protective net is provided with multiple fixing mechanisms for fixing the protective net. Each fixing mechanism includes a rod, the tip of which penetrates through the mesh of the protective net and is inserted into the soil of the slope.

[0008] The insertion rod is perpendicular to the protective net. Guide plates are provided on both sides of the insertion rod. The two guide plates are inverted V-shaped. A hinge assembly is provided on the guide plate. The hinge assembly is installed on the outer end of the insertion rod. The hinge assembly can adjust the included angle between the two guide plates.

[0009] The guide plate includes a primary plate and a secondary plate. The hinge assembly is mounted on the primary plate. The primary plate has a groove at its outer end, and the secondary plate has a protrusion at its outer end. The protrusion is located inside the groove and is connected to the inner wall of the groove via a rotating shaft. Two second springs are provided at the connection between the primary plate and the secondary plate, and the two ends of the second springs are respectively connected to the primary plate and the secondary plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the second spring is provided with mounting posts at both ends, and the two mounting posts are fixedly mounted on the first-level plate and the second-level plate respectively. The outer end of the mounting post is fitted with a fixing sleeve and connected to the fixing sleeve by bolts. The two fixing sleeves are fixedly mounted at both ends of the second spring respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the hinge assembly includes a mounting rod fixedly disposed on the outer end of the insertion rod. An outer tube is sleeved on the outer end of the mounting rod and is movably connected to the outer tube via a bearing. A U-shaped clamp is provided on the outer side of the outer tube. The outer end of the outer tube is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped clamp. A first fastening bolt is threaded onto the U-shaped clamp. One end of the first fastening bolt extends into the interior of the outer tube and contacts the mounting rod to fix the position of the outer tube. The outer end of the primary plate is inserted into the interior of the U-shaped clamp and is connected to the U-shaped clamp via bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, an installation sleeve is fitted on the outer end of the insertion rod, and the installation sleeve is connected to the insertion rod by threads. A reinforcing rod is hinged on the installation sleeve, and the reinforcing rod is located diagonally below the insertion rod to support and reinforce the insertion rod. The installation sleeve is located at the top of the hinge assembly, and the threads on the insertion rod are also located at the top of the hinge assembly.

[0013] The hinge assembly has a pressing component at its bottom. The pressing component includes a sleeve that is fitted over the outer end of the protective net. A second fastening bolt is threaded onto the outer end of the sleeve. A push plate that is fitted over the outer end of the insertion rod is located at the bottom of the sleeve. A first spring is fixedly installed at the top of the push plate. One end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the push plate. The push plate presses against the top of the protective net, pressing the protective net tightly and fixing it to the slope.

[0014] Furthermore, two storage slots are provided at the outer end of the insertion rod. The storage slots are located at the bottom of the pressing component. An elastic sealing membrane is provided inside the storage slot. The outer end of the elastic sealing membrane is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the storage slot, and the elastic sealing membrane seals the opening of the storage slot.

[0015] Furthermore, a venting cavity is provided inside the insertion rod, the top of the venting cavity extends to the top of the insertion rod, and two venting holes communicating with the inside of the venting cavity are provided on the inner wall of the receiving groove, and a sealing plug is installed at the top of the venting cavity by thread.

[0016] Furthermore, the protective net is woven from multiple intersecting braided threads, and multiple buffer posts are fixed at the top of the braided threads.

[0017] Furthermore, the braided thread includes a waterproof rubber layer, which has waterproof and moisture-proof functions. The waterproof rubber layer contains multiple tensile fiber bundles and multiple elastic fiber bundles, which makes the braided thread have greater strength and is not easily broken by external pulling. It also has a certain elasticity, which can buffer the pulling force. The outer end of the waterproof rubber layer is coated with a wear-resistant coating to reduce the wear of the braided thread during use and improve its service life.

[0018] This invention also includes a method for using a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0019] Step 1: Lay the protective netting on the surface of the slope. Then, insert the tip of the pole through the mesh of the protective netting and into the soil on the slope. The pole should be perpendicular to the protective netting after insertion. After inserting the pole to a sufficient depth, remove the sealing plug and inject air into the ventilation chamber. The air entering the ventilation chamber then enters the collection groove through the vent. Because the elastic sealing membrane seals the collection groove, the air entering the collection groove cannot flow out. As the air pressure inside the collection groove increases, the air pressure causes the elastic sealing membrane to expand outward. The elastic sealing membrane bulges outward and comes into close contact with the soil. Finally, tighten the sealing plug to seal the ventilation chamber.

[0020] Step 2: After fixing the insertion rod, slide the pressing component at the outer end of the insertion rod downwards until the first spring presses against the top of the protective net. Then continue to slide the sleeve downwards. At this time, the push plate is fixed, and the downward movement of the sleeve will squeeze the first spring, causing the first spring to be compressed. After the first spring is compressed to a certain extent, tighten the second fastening bolt on the sleeve to fix the position of the sleeve and keep the first spring in a compressed state. The elastic force of the first spring can push the push plate downwards, and the push plate presses the protective net tightly onto the slope.

[0021] Step 3: After the protective net is pressed and fixed, the mounting sleeve is installed on the outer end of the insertion rod through the thread. Then, the angle of the reinforcing rod is adjusted, and the bottom end of the reinforcing rod is supported on the slope to reinforce the insertion rod. Then, the guide plate is connected and installed on the insertion rod through the hinge assembly. The guide plate is clamped inside the U-shaped clamp and connected to the U-shaped clamp with bolts. The rotation of the outer tube at the outer end of the installation rod can drive the U-shaped clamp and the guide plate to rotate. Adjust the included angle between the two guide plates so that the two guide plates form an inverted V shape. After adjustment, tighten the first fastening bolt to fix the outer tube to the outer end of the installation rod so that it can no longer rotate.

[0022] Step 4: The guide plate consists of two parts: a primary plate and a secondary plate. The primary and secondary plates can rotate relative to each other. Since the guide plate is in an inverted V shape on both sides of the reinforcing rod, when a large-scale landslide occurs on the slope, the soil and rocks sliding down from the higher point will encounter the guide plate at the lower point as they move downwards. Under the action of the guide plate, they will flow to both sides of the reinforcing rod. The guide plates on multiple fixed mechanisms act simultaneously, so that the soil and rocks are gradually separated and dispersed during the landslide. When the guide plate is impacted, the secondary plate can rotate relative to the primary plate under the action of the impact force. The rotation of the secondary plate will pull the second spring, causing the second spring to be stretched. The elastic force of the second spring is used to buffer the impact force.

[0023] Step 5: The protective netting is woven from yarn and covers the slope, acting as a barrier against mud and rocks. Buffer posts are fixed at the top of the yarn; these posts are elastic and not easily broken. When a landslide occurs, the mud and rocks sliding down from higher elevations will pass over the surface of the lower protective netting. The protruding buffer posts on the netting surface increase the overall friction of the netting, slowing down the movement of the mud and rocks. When a small number of rocks or clods of earth roll down the slope, the buffer posts can also block them.

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0025] 1. By installing guide plates on both sides of the pole, with the two guide plates forming an inverted V shape, when encountering a large-scale landslide, the mud and rocks sliding down from a height will encounter the guide plates during their descent and will flow to both sides of the reinforcement pole under the action of the guide plates. The guide plates on multiple fixing mechanisms work simultaneously, causing the mud and rocks to be gradually separated and dispersed during the landslide. When the mud and rocks are dispersed, their destructive force will be reduced, thereby minimizing the impact of the landslide after it occurs.

[0026] 2. The protective net is made of woven wires, with buffer posts fixed at the top of the wires. The buffer posts increase the overall friction of the protective net, which can slow down the movement of soil and rocks and reduce the impact force of soil and rocks. When a small number of rocks and soil roll down the slope, the buffer posts can block them, consume their kinetic energy during the rolling process, reduce their impact force, and thus reduce the damage they cause.

[0027] 3. After the rod is inserted into the slope, air is injected into the receiving groove through the ventilation chamber, causing the elastic sealing membrane to expand. The expanded elastic sealing membrane bulges outward and comes into close contact with the soil, thereby increasing the resistance to pulling out the rod and making the connection between the rod and the slope tighter. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0029] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 1 A perspective view of a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 A perspective view of the fixing mechanism of a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A perspective view of the fixing mechanism of a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A perspective view of a guide plate for a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 A three-dimensional sectional view of the installation sleeve of a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 A perspective view of the articulated component of a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 A perspective view of the pressing component of a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a rod for a precise protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9A three-dimensional view of a protective net for a precision protection device and its application method for high slopes at tunnel entrances, provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 A woven line cross-sectional view of a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances and its usage method provided by the present invention;

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Protective net; 2. Fixing mechanism; 3. Insert rod; 4. Mounting sleeve; 5. Pressing assembly; 501. Sleeve; 502. Push plate; 503. First spring; 6. Hinge assembly; 601. Mounting rod; 602. Outer tube; 603. U-shaped clamp; 7. Primary plate; 8. Secondary plate; 9. Protrusion; 10. Groove; 11. Second spring; 12. Fixing sleeve; 13. Reinforcing rod; 14. Ventilation chamber; 15. Storage groove; 16. Ventilation hole; 17. Elastic sealing membrane; 18. Mounting post; 19. Braided thread; 1901. Tensile fiber bundle; 1902. Elastic fiber bundle; 1903. Waterproof rubber layer; 1904. Wear-resistant coating; 20. Buffer post. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as Figure 1-10 As shown, the present invention provides a precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances, including a protective net 1. The top of the protective net 1 is provided with a plurality of fixing mechanisms 2 for fixing the protective net 1. The fixing mechanism 2 includes a rod 3, the tip of which penetrates through the mesh of the protective net 1 and is inserted into the soil of the slope.

[0043] The insertion rod 3 is perpendicular to the protective net 1. Guide plates are provided on both sides of the insertion rod 3. The two guide plates are inverted V-shaped. A hinge assembly 6 is provided on the guide plate. The hinge assembly 6 is installed on the outer end of the insertion rod 3. The hinge assembly 6 can adjust the included angle between the two guide plates.

[0044] Because the guide plates are inverted V-shaped on both sides of the rod 3, when a large-scale landslide occurs on the slope, the soil and rocks falling from the higher position will encounter the guide plates at the lower position as they move downwards. Under the action of the guide plates, they will flow to both sides of the reinforcing rod 13. The guide plates on multiple fixing mechanisms 2 act simultaneously, so that the soil and rocks are gradually separated and dispersed during the landslide. When the soil and rocks are dispersed, their destructive force will be reduced, thereby minimizing the impact of the landslide after it occurs.

[0045] To reduce the impact of landslides on guide plates, such as Figure 2-5 As shown, the guide plate includes a primary plate 7 and a secondary plate 8. The hinge assembly 6 is mounted on the primary plate 7. The outer end of the primary plate 7 has a groove 10. The outer end of the secondary plate 8 has a protrusion 9. The protrusion 9 is located inside the groove 10 and is connected to the inner wall of the groove 10 through a rotating shaft. Two second springs 11 are provided at the connection between the primary plate 7 and the secondary plate 8. The two ends of the second springs 11 are respectively connected to the primary plate 7 and the secondary plate 8.

[0046] The second spring 11 has mounting posts 18 at both ends. The two mounting posts 18 are fixed on the first-level plate 7 and the second-level plate 8 respectively. The outer end of the mounting post 18 is fitted with a fixing sleeve 12 and connected to the fixing sleeve 12 by bolts. The two fixing sleeves 12 are fixed at both ends of the second spring 11 respectively.

[0047] The guide plate consists of two parts: a primary plate 7 and a secondary plate 8. The primary plate 7 and the secondary plate 8 can rotate relative to each other. When the guide plate is impacted, the secondary plate 8 can rotate relative to the primary plate 7 under the action of the impact force. The rotation of the secondary plate 8 will pull the second spring 11, causing the second spring 11 to be stretched. The elastic force of the second spring 11 is used to buffer the impact force and prevent the guide plate from being damaged by the impact of mud and stones.

[0048] The angle of the guide plate can be adjusted, such as Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figure 6, the hinge assembly 6 includes a mounting rod 601 fixedly disposed on the outer end of the insertion rod 3. An outer tube 602 is sleeved on the outer end of the mounting rod 601 and is movably connected to the outer tube 602 through a bearing. A U-shaped clamping plate 603 is provided on the outer side of the outer tube 602. The outer end of the outer tube 602 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped clamping plate 603. A first fastening bolt is installed on the U-shaped clamping plate 603 by thread. One end of the first fastening bolt extends into the outer tube 602 and contacts the mounting rod 601 to fix the position of the outer tube 602. The outer end of the primary plate 7 is inserted into the U-shaped clamping plate 603 and is connected to the U-shaped clamping plate 603 by bolts.

[0049] The guide plate is connected and installed on the insert rod 3 via the hinge assembly 6. The guide plate is clamped inside the U-shaped clamp 603 and connected to the U-shaped clamp 603 by bolts. The rotation of the outer tube 602 at the outer end of the mounting rod 601 can drive the U-shaped clamp 603 and the guide plate to rotate. Adjust the included angle between the two guide plates so that the two guide plates form an inverted V shape. After adjustment, tighten the first fastening bolt to fix the outer tube 602 to the outer end of the mounting rod 601 so that it can no longer rotate.

[0050] To reinforce the insertion rod 3, such as Figure 1 , 3 As shown, the outer end of the insertion rod 3 is fitted with an installation sleeve 4, and the installation sleeve 4 is connected to the insertion rod 3 by a thread. A reinforcing rod 13 is hinged on the installation sleeve 4. The reinforcing rod 13 is located diagonally below the insertion rod 3 and plays a supporting and reinforcing role for the insertion rod 3. The installation sleeve 4 is located at the top of the hinge assembly 6, and the thread on the insertion rod 3 is also located at the top of the hinge assembly 6.

[0051] Install the mounting sleeve 4 on the outer end of the insertion rod 3 by threading it on. Then adjust the angle of the reinforcing rod 13 and support the bottom end of the reinforcing rod 13 on the slope. In this way, the reinforcing rod 13 is used to reinforce the insertion rod 3 and improve the stability of the insertion rod 3.

[0052] In order to ensure that the protective netting 1 fits snugly against the slope, such as Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figure 7, the bottom of the hinge assembly 6 is provided with a pressing assembly 5. The pressing assembly 5 includes a sleeve 501 sleeved on the outer end of the protective net 1. The outer end of the sleeve 501 is threaded with a second fastening bolt. The bottom of the sleeve 501 is provided with a push plate 502 sleeved on the outer end of the insertion rod 3. The top of the push plate 502 is fixedly provided with a first spring 503. One end of the first spring 503 is fixedly connected to the push plate 502. The push plate 502 presses on the top of the protective net 1, pressing the protective net 1 tightly and fixing it on the slope.

[0053] Slide the pressing component 5 at the outer end of the insertion rod 3 downwards until the first spring 503 presses against the top of the protective net 1. Then continue to slide the sleeve 501 downwards. At this time, the push plate 502 is fixed, and the downward movement of the sleeve 501 will squeeze the first spring 503, causing the first spring 503 to be compressed. After the first spring 503 is compressed to a certain extent, tighten the second fastening bolt on the sleeve 501 to fix the position of the sleeve 501 and keep the first spring 503 in a compressed state. The elastic force of the first spring 503 can push the push plate 502 downwards, and the push plate 502 presses the protective net 1 firmly onto the slope.

[0054] To ensure that the insertion rod 3 is firmly fixed to the slope, such as Figure 2 , 8As shown, the outer end of the insertion rod 3 has two storage slots 15. The storage slots 15 are located at the bottom of the pressing component 5. An elastic sealing membrane 17 is provided inside the storage slot 15. The outer end of the elastic sealing membrane 17 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the storage slot 15, and the elastic sealing membrane 17 seals the opening of the storage slot 15.

[0055] The insertion rod 3 has a ventilation cavity 14 inside, and the top of the ventilation cavity 14 extends to the top of the insertion rod 3. The inner wall of the storage groove 15 has two ventilation holes 16 that communicate with the inside of the ventilation cavity 14. The top of the ventilation cavity 14 is fitted with a sealing plug by threads.

[0056] Insert the tip of the insertion rod 3 through the mesh of the protective netting 1 and then insert it into the soil on the slope. After insertion, the insertion rod 3 should be perpendicular to the protective netting 1. After inserting the insertion rod 3 to a sufficient depth, remove the sealing plug and inject air into the ventilation chamber 14. The air entering the ventilation chamber 14 then enters the receiving groove 15 through the ventilation hole 16. Since the elastic sealing membrane 17 seals the receiving groove 15, the air entering the receiving groove 15 cannot flow out. As the air pressure inside the receiving groove 15 increases, the air pressure causes the elastic sealing membrane 17 to expand outward. The elastic sealing membrane 17 thus bulges outward and comes into close contact with the soil. Finally, tighten the sealing plug to seal the ventilation chamber 14. At this time, the elastic sealing membrane 17 remains in an expanded state and comes into close contact with the soil, thereby increasing the resistance to pulling out the insertion rod 3 and making the connection between the insertion rod 3 and the slope tighter.

[0057] Sometimes small amounts of soil and rocks roll off the slope. To reduce the impact of these objects rolling off, such as... Figure 1 , 9 As shown in Figure 10, the protective net 1 is woven from multiple intersecting braided threads 19, and multiple buffer posts 20 are fixedly provided at the top of the braided threads 19.

[0058] The braided thread 19 includes a waterproof rubber layer 1903, which has waterproof and moisture-proof functions. The waterproof rubber layer 1903 has multiple tensile fiber bundles 1901 and multiple elastic fiber bundles 1902 inside, which makes the braided thread 19 have greater strength and is not easy to break under external force. It also has a certain elasticity, which can buffer the pulling force. The outer end of the waterproof rubber layer 1903 is sprayed with wear-resistant coating 1904 to reduce the wear of the braided thread 19 during use and improve its service life.

[0059] Protective netting 1 is laid on the surface of the slope. Protective netting 1 is woven from braided thread 19. Protective netting 1 covers the slope and acts as a barrier against soil and rocks on the slope. Buffer posts 20 are fixed at the top of the braided thread 19. Buffer posts 20 are elastic and not easily broken. When a landslide occurs, soil and rocks sliding down from higher ground will pass over the surface of the protective netting 1 located at lower ground as they move downwards. The protruding buffer posts 20 on the surface of the protective netting 1 increase the overall friction of the protective netting 1, which can slow down the moving soil and rocks and reduce the impact force of the soil and rocks. When a small number of rocks and soil roll down the slope, the buffer posts 20 can block them, consume their kinetic energy during the rolling process, reduce their impact force, and thus reduce the damage caused by them.

[0060] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances, comprising a protective net (1), characterized in that: The top of the protective net (1) is provided with a plurality of fixing mechanisms (2) for fixing the protective net (1). The fixing mechanism (2) includes a plug (3). The tip of the plug (3) penetrates the mesh of the protective net (1) and is inserted into the soil of the slope. The insertion rod (3) is perpendicular to the protective net (1). Guide plates are provided on both sides of the insertion rod (3). The two guide plates are inverted V-shaped. A hinge assembly (6) is provided on the guide plate. The hinge assembly (6) is installed on the outer end of the insertion rod (3). The hinge assembly (6) can adjust the included angle between the two guide plates. The guide plate includes a primary plate (7) and a secondary plate (8). The hinge assembly (6) is mounted on the primary plate (7). The primary plate (7) has a groove (10) at its outer end. The secondary plate (8) has a protrusion (9) fixed at its outer end. The protrusion (9) is located inside the groove (10) and connected to the inner wall of the groove (10) via a rotating shaft. Two second springs (11) are provided at the connection between the primary plate (7) and the secondary plate (8). The two ends of the second springs (11) are respectively connected to the primary plate (7) and the secondary plate (8).

2. The precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second spring (11) has mounting posts (18) at both ends. The two mounting posts (18) are fixed on the first-level plate (7) and the second-level plate (8) respectively. The outer end of the mounting post (18) is fitted with a fixing sleeve (12) and connected to the fixing sleeve (12) by bolts. The two fixing sleeves (12) are fixed at both ends of the second spring (11) respectively.

3. The precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hinge assembly (6) includes a mounting rod (601) fixedly mounted on the outer end of the insert rod (3). The outer end of the mounting rod (601) is fitted with an outer tube (602) and is movably connected to the outer tube (602) through a bearing. A U-shaped clamp (603) is provided on the outer side of the outer tube (602). The outer end of the outer tube (602) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped clamp (603). A first fastening bolt is installed on the U-shaped clamp (603) by thread to fix the position of the outer tube (602). The outer end of the primary plate (7) is inserted into the U-shaped clamp (603) and is connected to the U-shaped clamp (603) by bolts.

4. A precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer end of the insertion rod (3) is fitted with an installation sleeve (4), and the installation sleeve (4) is connected to the insertion rod (3) by a thread. A reinforcing rod (13) is hinged on the installation sleeve (4), and the reinforcing rod (13) is located diagonally below the insertion rod (3). The installation sleeve (4) is located at the top of the hinge assembly (6), and the thread on the insertion rod (3) is also located at the top of the hinge assembly (6). The hinge assembly (6) has a pressing assembly (5) at its bottom. The pressing assembly (5) includes a sleeve (501) fitted over the outer end of the protective net (1). The outer end of the sleeve (501) is fitted with a second fastening bolt by thread. The bottom of the sleeve (501) is fitted with a push plate (502) fitted over the outer end of the insert rod (3). The top of the push plate (502) is fixedly fitted with a first spring (503). One end of the first spring (503) is fixedly connected to the push plate (502). The push plate (502) presses against the top of the protective net (1).

5. A precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer end of the insertion rod (3) has two storage slots (15). The storage slots (15) are located at the bottom of the pressing component (5). The storage slots (15) are provided with an elastic sealing membrane (17). The outer end of the elastic sealing membrane (17) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the storage slots (15). The elastic sealing membrane (17) seals the opening of the storage slots (15).

6. A precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 5, characterized in that: The insertion rod (3) has a ventilation cavity (14) inside, the top of the ventilation cavity (14) extends to the top of the insertion rod (3), and the inner wall of the storage groove (15) has two ventilation holes (16) communicating with the inside of the ventilation cavity (14). The top of the ventilation cavity (14) is fitted with a sealing plug by thread.

7. A precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protective net (1) is woven from multiple intersecting braided lines (19), and multiple buffer posts (20) are fixed at the top of the braided lines (19).

8. A precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances according to claim 7, characterized in that: The braided thread (19) includes a waterproof rubber layer (1903), which has multiple tensile fiber bundles (1901) and multiple elastic fiber bundles (1902) inside. The outer end of the waterproof rubber layer (1903) is coated with a wear-resistant coating (1904).

9. A method of using the precision protection device for high slopes at tunnel entrances as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Lay the protective net (1) on the surface of the slope, then insert the tip of the rod (3) through the mesh of the protective net (1) and into the soil on the slope. After the rod (3) is inserted, it is perpendicular to the protective net (1). Then remove the sealing plug and inject air into the ventilation chamber (14). The air in the ventilation chamber (14) then enters the collection groove (15) through the ventilation hole (16). Since the elastic sealing membrane (17) seals the collection groove (15), the air in the collection groove (15) cannot flow out. As the air pressure inside the collection groove (15) increases, the air pressure causes the elastic sealing membrane (17) to expand outward. The elastic sealing membrane (17) bulges outward and comes into close contact with the soil. Finally, tighten the sealing plug to seal the ventilation chamber (14). Step 2: After fixing the insert rod (3), slide the pressing component (5) at the outer end of the insert rod (3) downward as a whole until the first spring (503) presses on the top of the protective net (1). Then continue to slide the sleeve (501) downward. At this time, the push plate (502) is fixed and the sleeve (501) moves downward to squeeze the first spring (503), so that the first spring (503) is compressed. After the first spring (503) is compressed to a certain extent, tighten the second fastening bolt on the sleeve (501) to fix the position of the sleeve (501) and keep the first spring (503) in a compressed state. The elastic force of the first spring (503) can push the push plate (502) downward, and press the protective net (1) on the slope through the push plate (502). Step 3: After the protective net (1) is pressed and fixed, the mounting sleeve (4) is installed on the outer end of the insertion rod (3) by thread. Then, the angle of the reinforcing rod (13) is adjusted, and the bottom end of the reinforcing rod (13) is supported on the slope. The insertion rod (3) is reinforced by the reinforcing rod (13). Then, the guide plate is connected and installed on the insertion rod (3) by the hinge assembly (6). The guide plate is clamped inside the U-shaped clamp (603) and connected to the U-shaped clamp (603) by bolts. The rotation of the outer tube (602) at the outer end of the mounting rod (601) can drive the U-shaped clamp (603) and the guide plate to rotate. Adjust the included angle between the two guide plates so that the two guide plates form an inverted V shape. After adjustment, tighten the first fastening bolt to fix the outer tube (602) to the outer end of the mounting rod (601) so that it can no longer rotate. Step 4: The guide plate consists of two parts: a primary plate (7) and a secondary plate (8). The primary plate (7) and the secondary plate (8) can rotate relative to each other. Since the guide plate is in the shape of an inverted V on both sides of the rod (3), when a large-scale landslide occurs on the slope, the soil and rocks that slide down from the high place will encounter the guide plate at the low place when they move downwards. Under the action of the guide plate, they will flow to both sides of the reinforcing rod (13). The guide plates on multiple fixed mechanisms (2) act simultaneously, so that the soil and rocks are gradually separated and dispersed during the landslide. When the guide plate is impacted, the secondary plate (8) can rotate relative to the primary plate (7) under the action of the impact force. The rotation of the secondary plate (8) will pull the second spring (11), so that the second spring (11) is stretched. The elastic force of the second spring (11) is used to buffer the impact force. Step 5: The protective net (1) is woven from braided thread (19). The protective net (1) covers the slope and acts as a barrier against soil and rocks on the slope. The top of the braided thread (19) is fixed with a buffer post (20). The buffer post (20) is elastic and not easy to break. When a landslide occurs, the soil and rocks sliding down from the high place will pass over the surface of the protective net (1) located at the low place as they move downwards. The buffer post (20) protruding from the surface of the protective net (1) increases the overall friction of the protective net (1) and can slow down the moving soil and rocks. When a small number of rocks and soil roll down the slope, the buffer post (20) can block them.

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