A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an explosion mechanics simulation test system, and in particular to a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system and method. The system solves the technical problems that the existing explosion mechanics simulation test system is not suitable for long-distance large-equivalent explosions, and has poor designability, high requirements, large workload, and low efficiency. The test system of the present invention includes an assessment platform, a load simulation unit, and an initiation test unit; the assessment platform includes a foundation, an assessment structure, and a sensor; the load simulation unit includes a square frame structure, a pressure relief plate, a plurality of plug bolts, an explosion source, and a homogenizing material; the square frame structure, the pressure relief plate, and the foundation form a loading cavity; a plurality of air-release threaded holes are provided on the pressure relief plate; the plug bolts are inserted into the air-release threaded holes; the initiation test unit includes a pressure sensor, a detonating wire, an initiator, and a data acquisition device; the explosion source is electrically connected to the initiator through the detonating wire; the initiator, the pressure sensor, and the sensor of the assessment structure are electrically connected to the data acquisition device respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an explosion mechanics simulation test system, in particular to a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system and method. Background Art

[0002] When an explosion strikes or is near the ground, some of the blast energy propagates outward from the center of the explosion in the form of an air shock wave. During this propagation, the air shock wave acts on the ground, generating induced ground shock loads. When these loads act on surface or underground structures, they can cause deformation, structural damage, or even destruction, posing a serious threat to the safety of nearby personnel and property. Studying the dynamic response and impact resistance of underground structures and materials subjected to surface shock wave loading has become a major topic of concern for scholars both domestically and internationally. Accurately simulating the explosive loading environment has also become a significant challenge in the field of experimental explosion mechanics.

[0003] Currently, there have been reports on the dynamic response of underground structures under explosive loads using in-situ experiments, small-scale experiments, and centrifuge model experiments. However, these research techniques are only applicable to close-range, low-yield explosion conditions. For long-range, high-yield explosion loading, in-situ experiments face difficulties in finding experimental sites, high experimental costs, and a large range of additional loading effects. Moreover, because the distance from the center of the explosion is much larger than the structural size, small-scale experiments and centrifuge model experiments are difficult to simulate this type of loading environment using scaled models. Although existing technologies have proposed the use of explosive array detonation to simulate surface shock wave loads, the relevant literature only uses explosive arrays for simple simulations and does not provide a standardized load design method. Secondly, the relevant methods mainly use fill-controlled pressure unloading, which has poor load simulation designability, requires a large experimental site area, and has a complex site clearance process. The workload is large and the experimental implementation efficiency is low, making it unsuitable for laboratory research and construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems that the existing experiments for studying the dynamic response of underground structures under explosive loads are not suitable for long-distance large-equivalent explosive loading conditions, and the existing surface shock wave load simulation has poor designability, high experimental site requirements, large workload, low implementation efficiency, and is not conducive to laboratory construction. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environmental explosion simulation test system and method.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system, which is special in that it includes an assessment platform, a load simulation unit and an initiation test unit;

[0007] The assessment platform includes a foundation, an assessment structure arranged in the foundation and below the ground surface, and sensors respectively arranged on the surface and inside of the assessment structure;

[0008] The test structure is the research object of the surface shock wave loading experiment;

[0009] The load simulation unit includes a square frame structure with openings at the top and bottom, a pressure relief plate arranged at the upper end of the square frame structure, an explosion source, a homogenizing material and a plurality of plug bolts;

[0010] The lower end of the frame structure is connected to the foundation surface, and the assessment structure is located directly below the middle of the frame structure; at least one measuring hole is opened in the middle of the side of the frame structure;

[0011] The pressure relief plate is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed air relief threaded holes;

[0012] The plug bolt is used to be inserted into the deflated threaded hole for sealing;

[0013] The explosion source is arranged in a frame structure;

[0014] The homogenized material is filled in the frame structure to support and fix the explosion source;

[0015] The detonation test unit includes pressure sensors, detonating cords, detonators and data acquisition equipment in the same number as the measuring holes;

[0016] The detonating end of the explosion source is connected to the detonator via a detonating wire;

[0017] The measuring end of the pressure sensor is inserted into the measuring hole, and the output end is electrically connected to the data acquisition device;

[0018] The sensors arranged on the surface and inside of the test structure are electrically connected to the data acquisition equipment through signal transmission lines, and are used to measure the dynamic response signal of the test structure after detonation;

[0019] The detonator is electrically connected to the data acquisition device via a signal transmission line.

[0020] Furthermore, the explosion source includes multiple detonating cords and electric detonators; the multiple detonating cords are arranged in an array in the middle of the frame structure, and the upper ends of the multiple detonating cords converge at the same point; one end of the electric detonator is connected to the multiple detonating cords through the convergence point, and the other end is connected to the detonator through the detonating wire; the multiple detonating cords and electric detonators are fixed in the frame structure by homogenizing materials; the assessment platform also includes backfill material; a square groove is opened on the foundation surface; the assessment structure is arranged in the square groove, and is backfilled and supported by the backfill material to ensure that the square groove is filled to be flush with the foundation surface.

[0021] Furthermore, the frame structure is formed by four side panels that are enclosed and fixed together, the upper ends of the four side panels are respectively connected to the pressure relief plates, and the lower ends are respectively connected to the foundation surface; the measuring holes are opened in the middle of the four side panels, and the measuring ends of the four pressure sensors are respectively fixed to the four measuring holes through threaded connections.

[0022] Furthermore, the measuring hole is a stepped structure, which includes a threaded section and a light hole section, the threaded section is close to the outside, and the outer diameter of the threaded section is larger than the outer diameter of the light hole section.

[0023] Furthermore, the load simulation unit further comprises a plurality of sealing rubbers; sealing rubbers are respectively provided at the connection between the side plates and at the connection between the side plates and the pressure relief plates.

[0024] Furthermore, an extended connecting ear is provided at the bottom end of the side panel, and the side panel is connected to the foundation surface through the extended connecting ear; an oblique wire groove connected to the outside world is opened on the foundation, and the sensor signal transmission line on the surface and inside of the assessment structure is placed in the oblique wire groove and led outward; the homogenizing material is polystyrene foam.

[0025] Furthermore, the side panels are connected to each other by two rows of high-strength bolts, and the sealing rubber is located between the two rows of high-strength bolts; the upper ends of the four side panels are respectively connected and fastened to the pressure relief plates by two rows of high-strength bolts, and the sealing rubber is located between the two rows of high-strength bolts; the foundation is a reinforced concrete structure, the foundation surface is flat, and threaded holes connected to the frame structure are provided on the foundation; the hole walls of the threaded holes are made of metal and are welded and consolidated with the reinforcement in the concrete; the inner side surface and the upper end surface of the side panel are respectively provided with sealing grooves, and the sealing rubber is embedded in the sealing grooves.

[0026] The present invention also provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method, based on the above-mentioned surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system, which is special in that it includes the following steps:

[0027] Step S1) Loading scheme design

[0028] Design the explosive charge of the explosion source, the number of venting threaded holes of the pressure relief plate, and the range of the pressure sensor according to the preset loading pressure time history curve;

[0029] Step S2) Select a pressure sensor according to its range, connect and debug the pressure sensor, initiator, and data acquisition equipment to ensure normal operation;

[0030] Step S3) Test platform construction

[0031] Step S3.1) Install the sensor on the test structure, install the test structure and the frame structure at the predetermined foundation position, and install the pressure sensor; block the vent threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate according to the number of vent threaded holes;

[0032] Step S3.2) Arrange the explosion source according to the charge of the explosion source, and fix the explosion source in the frame structure by homogenizing the material to ensure that the homogenizing material fills the frame structure completely;

[0033] Step S3.3) Pass the detonating end of the explosion source through one of the air-deflating threaded holes of the pressure relief plate, securely connect the pressure relief plate to the frame structure, and connect the detonating end of the explosion source to the detonator via a detonating wire;

[0034] Step S4) detonation

[0035] First, start the data acquisition equipment to collect data in advance, then use the detonator to control the explosion source to detonate, and record the signals of each sensor and the detonation time signal through the data acquisition equipment;

[0036] Step S5) Post-processing

[0037] After the experiment, the pressure relief plate was dismantled, and then the explosives in the frame structure and foundation were cleaned up; the recorded data was processed to obtain the surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test results.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S1), the charge amount is determined according to the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] The number of the vent threaded holes is determined according to the following differential equation:

[0041]

[0042] p0 is the peak pressure of the pressure-time curve;

[0043] γ is the adiabatic index of the explosion products;

[0044] γ0 is the initial adiabatic index of air;

[0045] p a is the initial atmospheric pressure;

[0046] W is the charge of the detonating cord;

[0047] V is the volume of the square loading cavity of the load simulation unit;

[0048] ρ E is the initial density of air;

[0049] Q is the explosive heat of the explosive;

[0050] n is the number of venting threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate;

[0051] p is the overpressure value at time t;

[0052] S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the air-venting threaded hole on the surface of the pressure relief plate.

[0053] Furthermore, in step S1), the explosion source includes a plurality of detonating cords and electric detonators; the charge of the detonating cord is designed according to a preset loading pressure time history curve;

[0054] Step S3.1) is specifically as follows:

[0055] Step S3.1.1) Install the sensors on the test structure, place the test structure in the square groove of the foundation, lead the sensor signal transmission line from the oblique wire groove to connect it to the data acquisition equipment, and backfill with backfill material until it is flush with the foundation surface;

[0056] Step S3.1.2) Install sealing rubber in the four side panels to form a square frame structure, and fix it to the corresponding position of the foundation;

[0057] Step S3.1.3) Apply sealant to each joint;

[0058] Step S3.1.4) Install the pressure sensors into the measurement holes in the middle of the four side panels, and connect their rear ends to the data acquisition device;

[0059] Step S3.1.5) Use plug bolts to seal the vent threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate according to the number of vent threaded holes;

[0060] Step S3.2) is specifically as follows:

[0061] Step S3.2.1) Cut a piece of homogenizing material with outer dimensions that match the inner dimensions of the frame structure and a thickness that is half the height of the frame structure. Draw installation guide lines for the detonating cord array on the surface of the homogenizing material at equal intervals. Lay the detonating cords evenly along the guide lines to the designated positions, securing them with scotch tape. Converge one end of the detonating cord array at a point, and place the homogenizing material and detonating cords into the frame structure.

[0062] Step S3.2.2) Short-circuit the positive and negative terminals of the electric detonator terminals and connect them to the detonating cord convergence point. Then, cover the top of the detonating cord array with a layer of homogenizing material to secure it.

[0063] Step S3.3) specifically includes: passing the other terminal of the electric detonator through one of the air relief threaded holes of the pressure relief plate, fixing the pressure relief plate to the frame structure, and connecting the other terminal of the electric detonator to the detonator through the detonating wire.

[0064] The present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0065] 1. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system, which includes an assessment platform, a load simulation unit, and an initiation test unit. It can realize laboratory simulation of a large-equivalent surface shock wave environment with a simple structure and low cost, and can adjust the simulated load environment by changing the charge of the detonating cord and the number of air release threaded holes of the pressure relief plate. The experimental process is highly controllable, the operation is simple, the structure cost is low, and it is reusable.

[0066] 2. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environmental explosion simulation test system. The frame structure is composed of four L-shaped side panels. The split design can effectively improve the interchangeability of the structure and reduce maintenance costs. The lower end of the side panel is provided with an extended connecting ear, which is connected to the foundation of the assessment platform through the extended connecting ear, which is convenient for installation and disassembly and improves the sealing of the system.

[0067] 3. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system. Sealing rubber is installed at the contact surfaces between each connecting bolt and each component, providing a certain degree of cushioning performance in the device component connections. This effectively increases the service life of each component's threaded holes under the impact of the explosion shock wave peak, while also enhancing the sealing performance at the component connection points. Furthermore, sealing grooves are provided on the side panels and upper end surfaces, and sealing rubber is embedded within the grooves to ensure that high-pressure gas generated by the explosion is released along the designed path, improving the load simulation accuracy of the device.

[0068] 4. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environmental chemical explosion simulation test system. The foundation is a reinforced concrete structure to increase the tensile strength of the foundation and ensure that the tensile load generated by the device under the action of the explosion load does not damage the foundation. The foundation surface is required to be flat to improve the installability and sealing performance of the side panels. The connecting screw holes are made of metal and are welded and consolidated with the reinforcement in the concrete to further improve the reliability of the connection between the side panels and the foundation.

[0069] 5. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system. The bolt mounting holes on the side surface and upper end surface of the side plate are arranged in double rows and evenly distributed on both sides of the sealing groove to ensure the connection strength of the structure and the sealing performance of the joint position.

[0070] 6. In a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system of the present invention, the bolt mounting holes along the L-shaped cross-section of the side panel are through holes, and the bolt mounting holes perpendicular to the L-shaped cross-section are threaded holes, ensuring that the bolts can reliably consolidate the side panel and the pressure relief plate.

[0071] 7. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system, in which the measuring hole is a stepped structure, including a threaded section and a light hole section. The threaded section is near the outer end, and the light hole section is a slender hole, which can reduce the probability of explosion fragments entering and reduce the high-frequency shock wave head entering the sensor, effectively protecting the sensor.

[0072] 8. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system. The homogenizing material is a porous material with low yield strength, which can effectively reduce the high-frequency explosion wave signal generated by the detonating cord and ensure the smoothness of the simulated load attenuation curve.

[0073] 9. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system, wherein the vent threaded holes are threaded holes, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the pressure relief plate. The threaded holes can be connected to plug bolts for sealing, so that the number of vent threaded holes is adjustable.

[0074] 10. A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method can provide a design method for surface shock wave loads. It is simple to operate and the measurement results are accurate and reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0075] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system according to the present invention;

[0076] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a load simulation unit in an embodiment of a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a side panel in an embodiment of a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 4 A side view of the side panel in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 5 A side view of the inner side of the side panel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 6 is a top view of a side panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 7 A partial cross-sectional view of the assembly between side panels in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 8 A partial cross-sectional view of a measuring hole of a side plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 9 is a top view of a pressure relief plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 10 A partial assembly diagram of a pressure relief plate and a plug bolt in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 11 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the assembly of the pressure relief plate and the side plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] Reference numerals:

[0087] 1-foundation, 2-backfill material, 3-assessment structure, 4-side plate, 5-homogenized material, 6-detonating cord, 7-pressure sensor, 8-pressure relief plate, 9-plug bolt, 10-electric detonator, 11-detonating wire, 12-data acquisition equipment, 13-initiator, 14-extension connecting ear, 15-oblique wire trough, 16-sealing groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0089] The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an assessment platform, a load simulation unit and a detonation test unit.

[0090] The assessment platform includes a foundation 1, backfill material 2, an assessment structure 3 arranged in the foundation 1 and located below the surface, and sensors respectively arranged on the surface and inside of the assessment structure 3. Among them, the assessment structure 3 is the research object of the surface shock wave loading experiment. A square groove is opened on the surface of the foundation 1, and the assessment structure 3 is set in the square groove and backfilled and supported by the backfill material 2. The filling degree of the backfill material 2 ensures that the square groove is filled to the same level as the surface of the foundation 1. In order to prevent the signal line from being damaged by the explosive load and to ensure the stability and reliability of the signal line, an inclined wire groove 15 connected to the outside world is opened on the foundation 1. The sensor signal transmission lines on the surface and inside of the assessment structure 3 are placed in the inclined wire groove 15 and led out to be electrically connected to the data acquisition equipment 12. The foundation 1 is a reinforced concrete structure. The surface of the foundation 1 is required to be flat. Threaded holes connected to the square structure are embedded in the foundation 1. The hole wall of the threaded hole is made of metal. The metal threaded hole is welded and consolidated with the reinforcement in the concrete.

[0091] The load simulation unit includes a frame structure with openings at the top and bottom, a pressure relief plate 8 arranged at the upper end of the frame structure, an explosion source, a homogenizing material 5 and a plurality of plug bolts 9. The frame structure, the pressure relief plate 8 and the foundation 1 form a square loading cavity. The explosion source is arranged in the square loading cavity, wherein the explosion source includes a plurality of detonating cords 6 and electric detonators 10, and the detonating cords 6 are explosives; the plurality of detonating cords 6 are arranged in an array in the middle of the frame structure, and the upper ends of the plurality of detonating cords 6 converge at the same point; one end of the electric detonator 10 is respectively connected to the plurality of detonating cords 6 through the convergence point, and the other end is connected to the detonator 13 through the detonating line 11; the plurality of detonating cords 6 and the electric detonators 10 are fixed in the square loading cavity by the homogenizing material 5. In order to facilitate transportation and handling, the frame structure in this embodiment is formed by four side panels 4 enclosed and fixed, and the four side panels 4 are bolted and consolidated through the mounting holes on the side to form a frame structure, such as Figure 2 As shown. Figure 3-Figure 6As shown, the side panels 4 are L-shaped panels. The upper ends of the four side panels 4 are connected to the pressure relief plates 8 respectively. The lower end of each side panel 4 is provided with an extension connection ear 14. The lower end of the side panel 4 is connected to the surface of the foundation 1 through the extension connection ear 14. The extension connection ear 14 is provided with two rows of high-strength bolt holes. The foundation 1 is provided with metal threaded holes corresponding to the two rows of high-strength bolt holes. The two rows of high-strength bolt holes of the extension connection ear 14 are fixedly connected to the threaded holes on the foundation 1 through two rows of high-strength bolts. Figure 7 As shown, the four side panels 4 are bolted together through the side mounting holes to form a square frame structure. The top of the frame structure is connected to the pressure relief plate 8 by bolts, and the lower end is bolted to the connecting threaded holes on the surface of the foundation 1, finally forming a square loading cavity. The test structure 3 is located directly below the middle of the frame structure. Figure 8 As shown, the middle of the four side panels 4 are respectively provided with measuring holes, and the measuring ends of the four pressure sensors 7 are respectively fixed to the four measuring holes through threaded connections. The measuring holes are designed as a stepped structure, which includes a threaded section and a light hole section. The threaded section is close to the outside, and the outer diameter of the threaded section is larger than the outer diameter of the light hole section. The light hole section is a slender hole, which can reduce the chance of explosion fragments entering and reduce the high-frequency shock wave head entering the sensor, effectively protecting the sensor. The side panels 4 are connected to each other by two rows of high-strength bolts near the side; as shown Figure 11 As shown, the upper ends of the four side panels 4 are respectively connected and fastened to the pressure relief plate 8 through two rows of high-strength bolts, and the two rows of high-strength bolts connecting each side panel 4 to the pressure relief plate 8 are threadedly connected to the upper end of the side panel 4, that is, the side mounting holes along the direction of the L-shaped cross section are through holes, and the mounting holes in the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped cross section and the top surface are threaded holes. This design can simultaneously ensure the connection strength between components and the compression of the sealing strip. In order to further improve the sealing performance of the system, sealing rubbers are respectively provided at the connection between the side panels 4 and the side panels 4 on both sides and at the connection between the side panels 4 and the pressure relief plate 8. The sealing rubbers are located between the two rows of high-strength bolts. Sealing grooves are respectively provided on the inner side and the upper end surface of the side panel 4, and the sealing rubbers are embedded in the sealing grooves. As shown Figure 9 As shown, the surface of the pressure relief plate 8 is provided with mounting holes and evenly distributed air-defeating threaded holes. The mounting holes are light holes and are distributed in double rows at both ends of the sealing groove at the top of the side plate 4 to ensure that the edge of the pressure relief plate 8 and the top of the side plate 4 are reliably fixed and sealed. The air-defeating threaded holes are threaded holes and are evenly distributed on the surface of the pressure relief plate 8. The air-defeating threaded holes are connected to the plug bolts 9 for sealing, so that the number of air-defeating threaded holes is adjustable, such as Figure 10 As shown. The pressure relief plate 8 is provided with multiple evenly distributed air-release threaded holes. During the test, the plug bolt 9 is inserted into the air-release threaded hole to seal it. Figure 2As shown, multiple detonating cords 6 are arranged in an array in the center of a square loading cavity, with their upper ends converging at a single point. Homogenizing material 5 is filled within the frame structure to support and secure the multiple detonating cords 6. Homogenizing material 5 is typically a porous material with a low yield strength; in this embodiment, polystyrene foam is used.

[0092] The detonation test unit includes pressure sensors 7, electric detonators 10, detonating cords 11, detonators 13, and data acquisition equipment 12, the same number of which corresponds to the number of measurement holes. The electric detonators 10 are fixed within the frame structure by homogenizing material 5. One end of the detonator 10 is connected to multiple detonating cords 6 at a convergence point, while the other end is connected to the detonator 13 via the detonating cord 11. The measuring end of the pressure sensor 7 is inserted into the measurement hole, and the output end is electrically connected to the data acquisition equipment 12. Sensors installed on the surface and inside the test structure 3 are electrically connected to the data acquisition equipment 12 via signal transmission lines, used to measure the dynamic response signals of the test structure 3 after detonation. The detonator 13 is also electrically connected to the data acquisition equipment 12 via signal transmission lines.

[0093] During the experiment, the detonator 13 controls the detonation of the electric detonator 10. During this process, the electric detonator 10 detonates the detonating cord 6, thereby forming high-pressure gas inside the square loading cavity formed by the load simulation unit side plate 4 and the pressure relief plate 8. The gas gradually leaks through the pressure relief plate 8 and forms a pulse pressure waveform. The pulse waveform and detonation time signal are collected by the pressure sensor 7 and transmitted to the data acquisition device 12 for recording and storage.

[0094] At the same time, the present invention also provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method based on the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0095] Step S1) Loading scheme design

[0096] The charge amount of the detonating cord 6, the number of the air release threaded holes of the pressure relief plate 8 and the measuring range of the pressure sensor 7 are designed according to the preset loading pressure time history curve.

[0097] The charge amount is determined according to the following formula:

[0098]

[0099] The number of vent thread holes is determined according to the following differential equation:

[0100]

[0101] p0 is the peak pressure of the pressure-time curve;

[0102] γ is the adiabatic index of the explosion products;

[0103] γ0 is the initial adiabatic index of air;

[0104] p a is the initial atmospheric pressure;

[0105] W is the charge of the detonating cord, which refers to the weight of the explosive core in the detonating cord;

[0106] V is the volume of the square loading cavity of the load simulation unit;

[0107] ρ E is the initial density of air;

[0108] Q is the explosive heat of the explosive;

[0109] n is the number of venting threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate;

[0110] p is the overpressure value at time t;

[0111] S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the air-venting threaded hole on the surface of the pressure relief plate.

[0112] Step S2) Prepare the backfill material 2, the assessment structure 3 and its surface and internal test sensors, the homogenizing material 5, the detonating cord 6, the pressure sensor 7, the plug bolt 9, the electric detonator 10, the detonating wire 11, the data acquisition device 12, the detonator 13 and other structures and equipment according to the established plan; connect and debug the pressure sensor 7, the detonator 13 and the data acquisition device 12 to ensure normal operation; use a multimeter to test the detonating wire 11 to ensure its normal conduction, and use a detonator meter to measure the resistance of the electric detonator 10 to ensure its reliable quality;

[0113] Step S3) Test platform construction

[0114] Step S3.1) Install the sensor on the test structure 3, install the test structure 3 and the frame structure at the predetermined location on the foundation 1, and install the pressure sensor 7; use the specified number of plug bolts 9 to seal the vent threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate 8 according to the experimental plan. Step S3.1) is specifically as follows:

[0115] Step S3.1.1) Install the sensors on and inside the test structure 3, place the test structure 3 in the square groove of the foundation 1, lead the sensor signal transmission line from the oblique wire duct and connect it to the data acquisition device 12, then backfill with backfill material 2 to ensure that the square groove is completely filled;

[0116] Step S3.1.2) Install sealing rubber in the four side panels 4, place them on a flat surface according to the side connection position, and assemble them into a square frame structure using high-strength bolts. Once assembled, transfer them to the corresponding position on the foundation 1 and fix them together with high-strength bolts;

[0117] Step S3.1.3) After initial assembly, check that all bolts are fully tightened. Once the bolts are fully tightened, apply sealant to all joints. Check that the mounting holes at the top of the side panel 4 and the measuring holes in the middle of the side panel are clear. Clean any blocked holes.

[0118] Step S3.1.4) Install four pressure sensors 7 into the measuring holes in the middle of the four side panels 4, respectively, and connect their output ends to the data acquisition device 12;

[0119] Step S3.1.5) According to the experimental plan, use the plug bolts 9 to block the vent thread holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate 8 to the specified number, and ensure that the remaining vent thread holes are distributed as evenly as possible on the surface.

[0120] Step S3.2) Fix the detonating cord 6 within the frame structure using the homogenizing material 5, converge the detonating cord 6 to a common point, short-circuit the terminals of the electric detonator 10 and connect them to the convergence point, and continue to fill the frame structure with the homogenizing material 5;

[0121] Step S3.2) is specifically as follows:

[0122] Step S3.2.1) Cut a piece of homogenizing material 5 with outer dimensions that match the inner dimensions of the square structure and a thickness that is half the height of the square loading cavity. Draw installation guide lines for the detonating cord 6 array on the upper surface of the homogenizing material 5 according to the principle of equal spacing. Then, evenly lay the detonating cord 6 to the predetermined position according to the guide lines and secure it with transparent tape. Then, converge one end of the detonating cord 6 array at the same point, and then place the homogenizing material 5 and detonating cord 6 into the square loading cavity.

[0123] Step S3.2.2) Short-circuit the positive and negative poles of the electric detonator 10 terminals and connect them to the convergence point of the detonating cord 6. Then, cover the upper part of the detonating cord 6 array with a layer of homogenizing material 5 to ensure that the interior of the frame structure is completely filled.

[0124] Step S3.3) Lead the terminal of the electric detonator 10 along the edge and pass it through one of the air-delivery threaded holes of the pressure relief plate 8, then fix the pressure relief plate 8 to the frame structure, then cover the pressure relief plate 8 to the top of the square cavity formed by the side plates 4, and tighten it with high-strength bolts. Use the plug bolts 9 to evenly block the air-delivery threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate 8 according to the established plan to ensure that the air-delivery threaded holes required for the experiment are evenly distributed along the surface of the pressure relief plate, and connect the terminal of the electric detonator 10 to the detonator 13 through the detonating wire 11.

[0125] Step S4) detonation

[0126] Organize personnel to leave the scene, start the data acquisition equipment 12 to collect data in advance, then use the detonator 13 to control the electric detonator 10 to detonate the detonating cord 6, creating a simulated surface shock wave environment inside the square loading cavity, and record the shock wave pressure signal, detonation time signal and other test signals through the data acquisition equipment 12;

[0127] Step S5) Post-processing

[0128] After the experiment, the pressure relief panels 8 are removed, and the explosives within the frame structure and foundation 1 are cleaned. The recorded data is processed to obtain the surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test results. If the experiment needs to be repeated, the joints between the side panels 4 and their connection to the foundation are inspected. Any loose seals are applied with sealant and allowed to cure. All experiments are completed using the above method.

[0129] After completing all experiments, clean the combustion products on the metal surface of the system and perform anti-rust treatment on the surface. Replace the side panel 4 that is severely deformed or ablated. At the same time, check the pressure relief plate, plug bolts, connecting bolts and other components. Replace the components that are severely deformed or ablated. Place the remaining components with normal functions in a cool and dry place.

[0130] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system, characterized by: Including assessment platform, load simulation unit and detonation test unit; The assessment platform comprises a foundation (1), an assessment structure (3) arranged in the foundation (1) and located below the ground surface, and sensors respectively arranged on the surface and inside of the assessment structure (3); The assessment structure (3) is the research object of the surface shock wave loading experiment; The load simulation unit comprises a square frame structure with openings at the top and bottom, a pressure relief plate (8) arranged at the upper end of the square frame structure, an explosion source, a homogenizing material (5), and a plurality of plug bolts (9); The lower end of the frame structure is connected to the surface of the foundation (1), and the assessment structure (3) is located directly below the middle of the frame structure; at least one measuring hole is opened in the middle of the side of the frame structure; The pressure relief plate (8) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed air relief threaded holes; The plug bolt (9) is used to be inserted into the deflated threaded hole for sealing; The explosion source is arranged in a frame structure; The homogenized material (5) is filled in the frame structure and is used to support and fix the explosion source; The detonation test unit comprises pressure sensors (7) whose number matches the number of measuring holes, detonating wires (11), detonators (13) and data acquisition equipment (12); The detonating end of the explosion source is connected to the detonator (13) via a detonating wire (11); The measuring end of the pressure sensor (7) is inserted into the measuring hole, and the output end is electrically connected to the data acquisition device (12); Sensors arranged on the surface and inside of the test structure (3) are electrically connected to a data acquisition device (12) via a signal transmission line, and are used to measure a dynamic response signal of the test structure (3) after detonation; The detonator (13) is electrically connected to the data acquisition device (12) via a signal transmission line.

2. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion source includes a plurality of detonating cords (6) and electric detonators (10); The multiple detonating cords (6) are arranged in an array in the middle of the frame structure, and the upper ends of the multiple detonating cords (6) converge at the same point; One end of the electric detonator (10) is connected to a plurality of detonating cords (6) through a convergence point, and the other end is connected to a detonator (13) through a detonating wire (11); The plurality of detonating cords (6) and electric detonators (10) are fixedly arranged in the frame structure through the homogenizing material (5); The assessment platform also includes backfill materials (2); The surface of the foundation (1) is provided with a square groove; The assessment structure (3) is arranged in the square groove and is backfilled and supported by the backfill material (2), ensuring that the square groove is filled to be flush with the surface of the foundation (1).

3. A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The frame structure is formed by four side panels (4) that are enclosed and fixed together, the upper ends of the four side panels (4) are respectively connected to the pressure relief plates (8), and the lower ends are respectively connected to the surface of the foundation (1); The measuring holes are opened in the middle of the four side plates (4), and the measuring ends of the four pressure sensors (7) are respectively fixed to the four measuring holes through threaded connections.

4. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The measuring hole is a stepped structure, which includes a threaded section and a light hole section. The threaded section is close to the outside, and the outer diameter of the threaded section is larger than the outer diameter of the light hole section.

5. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The load simulation unit further includes a plurality of sealing rubbers; Sealing rubber is provided at the connection between the side plates (4) and the connection between the side plates (4) and the pressure relief plate (8).

6. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the side plate (4) is provided with an extension connection ear (14), and the side plate (4) is connected to the surface of the foundation (1) via the extension connection ear (14); The foundation (1) is provided with an oblique wire groove (15) communicating with the outside world, and the sensor signal transmission lines on the surface and inside of the assessment structure (3) are placed in the oblique wire groove (15) and led outward; The homogenizing material (5) is polystyrene foam.

7. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side panels (4) are connected to each other via two rows of high-strength bolts, and the sealing rubber is located between the two rows of high-strength bolts; The upper ends of the four side plates (4) are respectively connected and fastened to the pressure relief plate (8) through two rows of high-strength bolts, and the sealing rubber is located between the two rows of high-strength bolts; The foundation (1) is a reinforced concrete structure, the surface of the foundation (1) is flat, and threaded holes for connection with the frame structure are provided on the foundation (1); The wall of the threaded hole is made of metal and is welded and consolidated with the reinforcement in the concrete; The inner side surface and the upper end surface of the side plate (4) are respectively provided with sealing grooves (16), and the sealing rubber is embedded in the sealing grooves (16).

8. A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method based on the surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test system according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1) Loading scheme design The charge amount of the explosion source, the number of the air release threaded holes of the pressure relief plate (8), and the measuring range of the pressure sensor (7) are designed according to a preset loading pressure time history curve; Step S2) selecting a pressure sensor (7) according to the range of the pressure sensor (7), connecting and debugging the pressure sensor (7), the detonator (13), and the data acquisition device (12) to ensure normal operation; Step S3) Test platform construction Step S3.1) Install the sensor on the test structure (3), install the test structure (3) and the frame structure at a predetermined position on the foundation (1), and install the pressure sensor (7); block the vent threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate (8) according to the number of vent threaded holes; Step S3.2) The explosion source is set according to the charge amount of the explosion source, and the explosion source is fixed in the frame structure by the homogenizing material (5), ensuring that the homogenizing material (5) fills the frame structure completely; Step S3.3) Pass the detonating end of the explosion source through one of the air-deflating threaded holes of the pressure relief plate (8), securely connect the pressure relief plate (8) to the frame structure, and connect the detonating end of the explosion source to the detonator (13) via the detonating wire (11); Step S4) detonation First, the data acquisition device (12) is started to collect data in advance, and then the detonator (13) is used to control the explosion source to detonate, and the signals of each sensor and the detonation time signal are recorded through the data acquisition device (12); Step S5) Post-processing After the experiment is over, the pressure relief plate (8) is disassembled, and then the explosives in the frame structure and the foundation (1) are cleaned up; the recorded data are processed to obtain the surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test results.

9. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S1), the charge amount is determined according to the following formula: The number of the vent threaded holes is determined according to the following differential equation: p0 is the peak pressure of the pressure-time curve; γ is the adiabatic index of the explosion products; γ0 is the initial adiabatic index of air; p a is the initial atmospheric pressure; W is the charge of the detonating cord; V is the volume of the square loading cavity of the load simulation unit; ρ E is the initial density of air; Q is the explosive heat of the explosive; n is the number of venting threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate (8); p is the overpressure value at time t; S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the air-deflating threaded hole on the surface of the pressure relief plate (8).

10. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S1), the explosion source includes a plurality of detonating cords (6) and electric detonators (10); the charge amount of the detonating cords (6) is designed according to a preset loading pressure time history curve; Step S3.1) is specifically as follows: Step S3.1.1) Install the sensor on the test structure (3), place the test structure (3) in the square groove of the foundation (1), lead the sensor signal transmission line from the oblique wire groove and connect it to the data acquisition device (12), and backfill with backfill material (2) until it is flush with the foundation surface; Step S3.1.2) Embed sealing rubber in the four side panels (4), assemble into a square frame structure, and fix it to the corresponding position of the foundation (1); Step S3.1.3) Apply sealant to each joint; Step S3.1.4) Install the pressure sensor (7) into the measuring hole in the middle of the four side panels (4), and connect its rear end to the data acquisition device (12); Step S3.1.5) Using plug bolts (9) to seal the vent threaded holes on the surface of the pressure relief plate (8) according to the number of vent threaded holes; Step S3.2) is specifically as follows: Step S3.2.1) Cut a piece of homogenizing material (5) whose outer dimensions match the inner dimensions of the frame structure and whose thickness is half the height of the frame structure; draw installation indicator lines for the detonating cord (6) array on the upper surface of the homogenizing material (5) according to the principle of equal spacing; evenly lay the detonating cord (6) to the predetermined position according to the indicator lines; fix it with transparent tape; gather one end of the detonating cord (6) array at a point; and place the homogenizing material (5) and the detonating cord (6) into the frame structure; Step S3.2.2) Short-circuit the positive and negative poles of the electric detonator (10) terminals and connect them to the convergence point of the detonating cord (6), and then cover the upper portion of the detonating cord (6) array with a layer of homogenizing material (5) to secure it; Step S3.3) specifically comprises: passing the other terminal of the electric detonator (10) through one of the air-deflating threaded holes of the pressure relief plate (8), fixing the pressure relief plate (8) to the frame structure, and connecting the other terminal of the electric detonator (10) to the detonator (13) through the detonating wire (11).

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