A quantitative soil covering and active suppression sowing device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a sowing device with quantitative soil covering and active compaction, which is connected to the frame of a seed drill as a single body. The sowing device includes a sowing mechanism, a quantitative soil applying mechanism and a layered compaction mechanism; the quantitative soil applying mechanism includes a soil covering device, a soil leveling device, a stepping motor, a motor fixing frame, a support frame, a sensor, a quantitative soil applying device and a soil taking device; the layered compaction mechanism includes a layered compaction device, a synchronous pull rod and a hydraulic cylinder. The present invention realizes partial soil backflow through the soil covering device, and realizes surface flatness under the action of the elastic soil leveling plate. The primary pressing wheel performs preliminary compaction on the seed bed under the real-time adjustment of the hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, the sensor scans the seed bed thickness and calculates the amount of soil deficiency. The seed bed is quantitatively filled with soil by regulating the soil applying device; the subsequent secondary pressing wheel performs secondary compaction on the seed bed after soil filling to ensure that the sowing depth is consistent and the soil of the seed bed is compacted after compaction and the seeds are in close contact; the quantitative soil applying device realizes real-time soil replenishment through the soil taking device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and relates to a quantitative soil covering and active suppression sowing device and method. Background Art

[0002] Regulating the position of seeds in the soil during the operation is an important part of precision sowing. Covering and pressing is an operation link that directly affects the sowing depth of seeds. Poor operation effect of covering and pressing directly affects the operation quality of the seed drill, resulting in uneven and uneven emergence of seedlings. However, the sowing depth control for precision sowing is currently mostly concentrated on the single research of the pressing link, with the purpose of achieving consistency of sowing depth through real-time control of the pressing, but there is little research on the covering link. For example, the existing "Active Sowing Depth and Pressing Force Adjustment System for No-till Seeder" (Application No.: CN113179715A) mainly detects the pressing force through the pressing wheel pressure sensor and adjusts the downward pressure to achieve the purpose of sowing depth control. This invention lacks relevant design and research in the control of soil covering stability and the collapse of the pressing force in the soil, which leads to the situation that the seeds are not tightly connected to the soil.

[0003] Current research on active soil covering and suppression based on agronomic requirements requires ensuring soil stability and appropriate suppression, which are key factors in achieving consistent sowing depth. Therefore, soil quality directly affects seed cover thickness. Ensuring uniform soil cover is a prerequisite for effective suppression and consistent sowing depth. Furthermore, layered suppression creates an optimal growth and development environment for seeds. Therefore, achieving uniform soil cover and active suppression during the soil covering and suppression process is a key area of research that requires breakthroughs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a quantitative soil covering and active suppression sowing device and method. The present invention realizes partial backflow of soil through the soil covering device, and realizes surface flatness under the action of the elastic soil leveling plate. The primary pressing wheel performs preliminary suppression on the seed bed under the real-time adjustment of the hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, the sensor installed on the machine scans the thickness of the seed bed, and the amount of soil deficiency is obtained under the processing of the control unit. The seed bed is quantitatively filled with soil by adjusting the soil applying device. The subsequent secondary pressing wheel performs secondary suppression on the seed bed after soil filling to ensure consistent sowing depth and that the soil of the seed bed is compacted after suppression and that the seeds are in close contact. The quantitative soil applying device realizes real-time soil replenishment through the soil taking device.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A sowing device with quantitative soil covering and active suppression is connected to the frame of a seeder as a single unit. The sowing device comprises a sowing mechanism 1, a quantitative soil applying mechanism 2 and a layered suppression mechanism 3.

[0007] The sowing mechanism 1 includes a furrowing shovel 1-1, a mounting frame 1-2, a contoured four-bar mechanism 1-3, a sowing machine frame 1-4, a seed box 1-5, a seed meter 1-6, a hydraulic cylinder fixing rod 1-7 and a suppression height adjustment device 1-8.

[0008] The trenching shovel 1-1 is fixed to the lower front end of the seeding machine frame 1-4 by bolts and nuts; the mounting frame 1-2 is installed on the upper front end of the seeding machine frame 1-4 by a contoured four-bar mechanism 1-3, and is used to be connected and fixed to the frame of the seeding machine; the seed box 1-5 and the seed meter 1-6 are fixed to the middle part of the seeding machine frame 1-4 by bolts and nuts, the seed inlet of the seed meter 1-6 is connected to the seed outlet of the seed box 1-5, and the seed outlet of the seed meter 1-6 is located behind the trenching shovel 1-1; the hydraulic cylinder fixing rod 1-7 and the suppression height adjustment device 1-8 are installed at the rear end of the seeding machine frame 1-4.

[0009] The suppression height adjustment device 1-8 includes a crank handle 1-8-1, a screw rod 1-8-2, an outer shell 1-8-3, a tightening knob 1-8-4 and an inner square tube 1-8-5.

[0010] The lower end of the inner square tube 1-8-5 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the seed drill frame 1-4, and the upper end is threadedly connected to the screw 1-8-2. The outer shell 1-8-3 can be freely slidably sleeved on the outside of the inner square tube 1-8-5 and is connected to the screw 1-8-2 through a bearing. The crank 1-8-1 is fixedly connected to the end of the screw 1-8-2, and the outer shell 1-8-3 is raised and lowered by shaking the crank 1-8-1; the outer shell 1-8-3 is fixed and limited to the inner square tube 1-8-5 by the tightening knob 1-8-4.

[0011] The quantitative soil applying mechanism 2 includes a soil covering device 2-1, a soil leveling device 2-2, a stepping motor 2-3, a motor fixing frame 2-4, a support frame 2-5, a sensor 2-6, a quantitative soil applying device 2-7 and a soil taking device 2-8.

[0012] The motor fixing frame 2-4 and the supporting frame 2-5 are fixed to the rear end of the outer shell 1-8-3 of the suppression height adjustment device 1-8 in sequence from top to bottom.

[0013] The covering device 2-1 includes a covering plate 2-1-1, a crossbeam 2-1-2 and a connecting beam 2-1-3; the connecting beam 2-1-3 is "U"-shaped, including a horizontal connecting portion fixed to the lower end surface of the support frame 2-5, and a front connecting arm and a rear connecting arm vertically fixed to the front and rear ends of the horizontal connecting portion; the front connecting arm is vertically fixed to the middle of the crossbeam 2-1-2, and the two covering plates 2-1-1 are fixed to the left and right sides of the crossbeam 2-1-2, and the opening formed between the two covering plates 2-1-1 is wide in front and narrow in the back.

[0014] The leveling device 2-2 includes a leveling plate 2-2-1 and a telescopic spring 2-2-2; the leveling plate 2-2-1 is arranged obliquely behind the opening formed between the two covering plates 2-1-1, the front end of the leveling plate 2-2-1 is hinged to the rear connecting arm of the connecting beam 2-1-3, and the rear end of the leveling plate 2-2-1 is hinged to the lower end of the telescopic spring 2-2-2; the upper end of the telescopic spring 2-2-2 is hinged to the lower end surface of the support frame 2-5.

[0015] The stepper motor 2-3 is fixedly mounted on the motor fixing frame 2-4 via a motor support 2-3-3, and a sprocket 2-3-2 is provided on the power output shaft 2-3-1 of the stepper motor 2-3.

[0016] The quantitative soil spreading device 2-7 includes an auger drive sprocket 2-7-1, a soil box 2-7-2, a soil spreading auger 2-7-3, a soil spreading hinged ear 2-7-4, a fixed base 2-7-5 and a soil discharge port 2-7-6.

[0017] The soil box 2-7-2 is fixedly connected to the support frame 2-5 through a fixed base 2-7-5; the soil-applying auger 2-7-3 is installed at the bottom of the soil box 2-7-2 along the axis of the machine, and is used to transport the soil in the soil box 2-7-2 to the soil outlet 2-7-6 at the rear of the bottom plate of the soil box 2-7-2; the auger transmission sprocket 2-7-1 is installed at the front end of the auger shaft of the soil-applying auger 2-7-3, and is connected to the driving sprocket 2-3-2 on the power output shaft 2-3-1 of the stepping motor 2-3 through a chain; two soil-applying hinged ears 2-7-4 are fixedly connected to the rear end of the soil box 2-7-2.

[0018] The sensor 2-6 is a high-precision laser ranging sensor, which is fixed to the support frame 2-5 and located in front of the soil box 2-7-2, and is used to detect the thickness of the soil shortage in the seed bed in real time.

[0019] Two soil taking devices 2-8 are arranged side by side at the rear of the soil box 2-7-2; the soil taking device 2-8 includes a lifting chain 2-8-1, a bucket 2-8-2, a soil taking hinge ear 2-8-3, a soil taking fixing plate 2-8-4, a soil taking transmission system 2-8-5 and a soil collecting device 2-8-6.

[0020] The soil excavation transmission system 2-8-5 includes a driving wheel 2-8-5-1, a driving shaft 2-8-5-2, a driving sprocket 2-8-5-3, a transmission shaft 2-8-5-4, and a soil excavation transmission sprocket 2-8-5-5; the soil collecting device 2-8-6 includes a fixed beam 2-8-6-1 and a soil collecting trough 2-8-6-2.

[0021] The soil-taking hinged ear 2-8-3 is fixedly connected to the upper front end surface of the soil-taking fixed plate 2-8-4, and is hinged to the soil-applying hinged ear 2-7-4 on the soil box 2-7-2; the driving shaft 2-8-5-2 and the transmission shaft 2-8-5-4 are installed on the lower and upper rear end surfaces of the soil-taking fixed plate 2-8-4 through bearing seats; the driving wheel 2-8-5-1 and the driving sprocket 2-8-5-3 are fixedly connected to the driving shaft 2-8-5-2, and the soil-taking transmission sprocket 2-8-5-5 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 2-8-5-4; the lifting chain The chain 2-8-1 is sleeved on the driving sprocket 2-8-5-3 and the soil-extracting transmission sprocket 2-8-5-5, and is divided into a front chain and a rear chain; a plurality of transport buckets 2-8-2 are evenly fixed on the transport and lifting chain 2-8-1; the soil collecting trough 2-8-6-2 is arranged at the rear and lower part of the rear chain, and is hinged to the fixed beam 2-8-6-1 fixed to the support frame 2-5; the driving wheel 2-8-5-1 has a contouring function and can float up and down with the undulation of the terrain with the hinge point of the soil-extracting hinge ear 2-8-3 and the soil-applying hinge ear 2-7-4 as the rotation axis.

[0022] The layered suppression mechanism 3 includes a layered suppression device 3-1, a synchronous pull rod 3-2 and a hydraulic cylinder 3-3; the layered suppression device 3-1 includes a primary pressure wheel 3-1-1, a front wheel arm 3-1-2, a front swing arm 3-1-3, a secondary pressure wheel 3-1-4, a rear wheel arm 3-1-5 and a rear swing arm 3-1-6.

[0023] The primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 is hinged to the middle of the support frame 2-5 through the front wheel arm 3-1-2, and is located between the soil leveling device 2-2 and the quantitative soil applying device 2-7; the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4 is hinged to the rear end of the support frame 2-5 through the rear wheel arm 3-1-5, and is located behind the quantitative soil applying device 2-7 and between the two soil taking devices 2-8; the lower end of the front swing arm 3-1-3 is fixedly connected to the hinged end of the front wheel arm 3-1-2 and the support frame 2-5; the rear swing arm 3-1 -6 is fixedly connected to the hinged end of the rear wheel arm 3-1-5 and the support frame 2-5; the upper end of the front swing arm 3-1-3 is hinged to the front end of the synchronous pull rod 3-2; the upper end of the rear swing arm 3-1-6 is hinged to the rear end of the synchronous pull rod 3-2; the length of the synchronous pull rod 3-2 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the vertical height between the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 and the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4, and thereby regulating the thickness of the soil compacted in layers by the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 and the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4.

[0024] The cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder 3-3 is hinged on the hydraulic cylinder fixed rod 1-7, and the telescopic rod end is hinged on the rear part of the synchronous pull rod 3-2. The height of the primary pressure wheel 3-1-1 and the secondary pressure wheel 3-1-4 are adjusted in real time through the telescopic movement of the hydraulic cylinder 3-3, so as to simultaneously regulate the intensity of layered suppression.

[0025] The synchronous pull rod 3-2 includes a front pull rod 3-2-1 and a rear pull rod 3-2-2; the front pull rod 3-2-1 and the rear pull rod 3-2-2 are provided with a plurality of equally spaced fixing holes, which are fixed to each other by positioning bolts.

[0026] A sowing method with quantitative soil covering and active suppression based on the sowing device includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Before field operation, the penetration depth of the furrowing shovel 1-1 of the sowing mechanism 1 is adjusted according to the agronomic requirements of the sowing depth; when the seeder is operating in the field, the quantitative soil covering and active pressure sowing device moves forward with the unit, and the furrowing shovel 1-1 of the sowing mechanism 1 penetrates the soil and squeezes it to both sides to form a seed furrow, and the seeds fall into the seed bed through the seed delivery tube; at the same time, the covering device 2-1 of the quantitative soil covering and active pressure sowing device collects part of the soil and drops it into the seed bed, and under the action of the soil leveling device 2-2, the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 then completes the initial pressure;

[0028] S2, the soil collecting device 2-8 collects the soil in the soil collecting trough 2-8-6-2, and the transport bucket 2-8-2 on the transport chain 2-8-1 transports the soil in the soil collecting trough 2-8-6-2 upward to the soil box 2-7-2; the sensor 2-6 scans the seed bed after being compacted by the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 in real time, obtains the thickness of the seed bed soil deficiency, and then calculates the soil deficiency volume by formula 1; the quantitative soil applying device 2-7 calculates the auger shaft speed according to the soil deficiency volume by formula 2, and controls the auger shaft speed to achieve quantitative soil applying operation; the covered soil completes the secondary soil compaction operation under the action of the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4;

[0029]

[0030] In formula 1, N is the volume of soil shortage per unit time, in m 3 / s; v is the operating speed of the seeder, in m / s; a is the width of the upper end of the seed furrow, in m; b is the width of the bottom of the seed furrow after the first covering and compaction, in m; p is the thickness of the soil shortage, in m; θ is the vertical angle between the edge of the seed furrow, in degrees; m is the width of the bottom of the seed furrow without covering and compaction, in m; z is the vertical height from the bottom of the calibrated seed furrow to the soil surface, in m;

[0031]

[0032] In formula 2, n is the auger shaft speed, unit is r / s; N is the volume of soil shortage per unit time, unit is m 3 / s; π is the pi; D is the outer diameter of the auger spiral blade, in m; λ is the gap between the auger spiral blade and the housing, in m; d is the inner diameter of the auger spiral blade, in m; The filling rate when conveying grains or debris is taken as 0.3-0.4; s is the pitch of the spiral blade, in m; k is the inclination coefficient of the auger.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. With the design of quantitative soil covering and active suppression, the whole process of seeds falling into the seed bed is effectively managed, ensuring the consistency of seeding depth under different terrain conditions and realizing precision seeding operations.

[0035] 2. Through the quantitative covering device, the seed covering thickness can be controlled in real time to ensure the uniformity of the seed covering amount in the seed bed.

[0036] 3. Through active suppression technology, effective layered suppression and real-time control of suppression pressure are achieved, ensuring that the seeds in the seedbed are in close contact with the soil and that the suppression pressure is consistent from top to bottom.

[0037] 4. The pull rod is adjustable to achieve adjustable height of layered pressing; the handle is used to adjust the depth of soil penetration to meet the sowing operation requirements of different agronomic techniques. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the sowing device with quantitative soil covering and active suppression according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sowing device with quantitative soil covering and active suppression according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the front view of the sowing mechanism 1;

[0041] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sowing mechanism 1;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a front view structural diagram of the pressing height adjustment device of the sowing mechanism 1;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the quantitative soil application mechanism 2;

[0044] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the quantitative soil application mechanism 2;

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the soil covering device of the quantitative soil applying mechanism 2;

[0046] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the soil leveling device of the quantitative soil applying mechanism 2;

[0047] Figure 10It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the quantitative soil applying device of the quantitative soil applying mechanism 2;

[0048] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the quantitative soil applying device of the quantitative soil applying mechanism 2;

[0049] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the soil taking device of the quantitative soil applying mechanism 2;

[0050] Figure 13 It is a front view structural diagram of the transmission system of the soil taking device of the quantitative soil applying mechanism 2;

[0051] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the layered suppression mechanism 3;

[0052] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the layered suppression device of the layered suppression mechanism 3.

[0053] The accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0054] 1. Seeding mechanism

[0055] 1-1 trenching shovel 1-2 mounting frame

[0056] 1-3 contoured four-bar mechanism 1-4 seeding frame

[0057] 1-5 seed boxes 1-6 seeders

[0058] 1-7 Hydraulic cylinder fixing rod

[0059] 1-8 Suppression height adjustment device

[0060] 1-8-1 crank 1-8-2 screw

[0061] 1-8-3 Outer shell 1-8-4 Fastening knob

[0062] 1-8-5 inner square tube

[0063] 2 quantitative soil application mechanism

[0064] 2-1 Covering device

[0065] 2-1-1 Covering Plate 2-1-2 Cross Beam

[0066] 2-1-3 Connecting beam

[0067] 2-2 Soil leveling device

[0068] 2-2-1 flat soil plate 2-2-2 telescopic spring

[0069] 2-3 stepper motors

[0070] 2-3-1 PTO shaft 2-3-2 sprocket

[0071] 2-3-3 Motor support

[0072] 2-4 Motor fixing bracket 2-5 Support bracket

[0073] 2-6 sensors

[0074] 2-7 quantitative soil application device

[0075] 2-7-1 auger drive sprocket 2-7-2 soil box

[0076] 2-7-3 soil spreading auger 2-7-4 soil spreading hinged ear

[0077] 2-7-5 fixed base 2-7-6 excavation opening

[0078] 2-8 soil excavation device

[0079] 2-8-1 lifting chain 2-8-2 bucket

[0080] 2-8-3 soil excavation hinged ear 2-8-4 soil excavation fixed plate

[0081] 2-8-5 transmission system

[0082] 2-8-5-1 drive wheel 2-8-5-2 drive shaft

[0083] 2-8-5-3 drive sprocket 2-8-5-4 transmission shaft

[0084] 2-8-5-5 soil excavation drive sprocket

[0085] 2-8-6 Soil collecting device

[0086] 2-8-6-1 fixed beam 2-8-6-2 soil collecting trough

[0087] 3-tiered repressive institutions

[0088] 3-1 Layered Suppression Device

[0089] 3-1-1 Primary wheel 3-1-2 Front wheel arm

[0090] 3-1-3 front swing arm 3-1-4 times pressure wheel

[0091] 3-1-5 rear wheel arm 3-1-6 rear swing arm

[0092] 3-2 Synchronous pull rod

[0093] 3-2-1 front tie rod 3-2-2 rear tie rod

[0094] 3-3 hydraulic cylinder DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0096] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in FIG, a sowing device with quantitative soil covering and active compaction is connected to the frame of a seeder as a single unit. The sowing device with quantitative soil covering and active compaction comprises a sowing mechanism 1, a quantitative soil applying mechanism 2 and a layered compaction mechanism 3.

[0097] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the sowing mechanism 1 includes a furrowing shovel 1-1, a mounting frame 1-2, a contoured four-bar mechanism 1-3, a sowing machine frame 1-4, a seed box 1-5, a seed meter 1-6, a hydraulic cylinder fixing rod 1-7 and a suppression height adjustment device 1-8.

[0098] The trenching shovel 1-1 is fixed to the lower front end of the seed drill frame 1-4 via bolts and nuts. The mounting frame 1-2 is mounted to the upper front end of the seed drill frame 1-4 via a contoured four-bar linkage 1-3, and is used to connect and secure it to the frame of the seed drill. The seed box 1-5 and seed meter 1-6 are fixed to the middle of the seed drill frame 1-4 via bolts and nuts. The seed inlet of the seed meter 1-6 is connected to the seed outlet of the seed box 1-5, and the seed outlet of the seed meter 1-6 is located behind the trenching shovel 1-1. The hydraulic cylinder fixing rod 1-7 and the pressure height adjustment device 1-8 are mounted at the rear end of the seed drill frame 1-4.

[0099] like Figure 5 As shown, the suppression height adjustment device 1-8 includes a crank handle 1-8-1, a screw rod 1-8-2, an outer shell 1-8-3, a tightening knob 1-8-4 and an inner square tube 1-8-5.

[0100] The lower end of the inner square tube 1-8-5 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the seed drill frame 1-4, and the upper end is threadedly connected to the screw 1-8-2. The outer shell 1-8-3 can be freely slidably sleeved on the outside of the inner square tube 1-8-5 and is connected to the screw 1-8-2 through a bearing. The crank 1-8-1 is fixedly connected to the end of the screw 1-8-2, and the outer shell 1-8-3 is raised and lowered by shaking the crank 1-8-1; the outer shell 1-8-3 is fixed and limited to the inner square tube 1-8-5 by the tightening knob 1-8-4.

[0101] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the quantitative soil applying mechanism 2 includes a soil covering device 2-1, a soil leveling device 2-2, a stepping motor 2-3, a motor fixing frame 2-4, a support frame 2-5, a sensor 2-6, a quantitative soil applying device 2-7 and a soil taking device 2-8.

[0102] The motor fixing frame 2-4 and the supporting frame 2-5 are fixed to the rear end of the outer shell 1-8-3 of the suppression height adjustment device 1-8 in sequence from top to bottom.

[0103] like Figure 8 As shown, the covering device 2-1 includes a covering plate 2-1-1, a crossbeam 2-1-2, and a connecting beam 2-1-3. The connecting beam 2-1-3 is U-shaped and includes a horizontal connecting portion fixed to the lower end surface of the support frame 2-5, and a front connecting arm and a rear connecting arm fixed vertically to the front and rear ends of the horizontal connecting portion; the front connecting arm is fixed vertically to the middle of the crossbeam 2-1-2, and the two covering plates 2-1-1 are fixed to the left and right sides of the crossbeam 2-1-2. The opening formed between the two covering plates 2-1-1 is wider in front and narrower in the back.

[0104] like Figure 9 As shown, the leveling device 2-2 includes a leveling plate 2-2-1 and a telescopic spring 2-2-2. The leveling plate 2-2-1 is arranged obliquely behind the opening formed between the two covering plates 2-1-1. The front end of the leveling plate 2-2-1 is hinged to the rear connecting arm of the connecting beam 2-1-3, and the rear end of the leveling plate 2-2-1 is hinged to the lower end of the telescopic spring 2-2-2. The upper end of the telescopic spring 2-2-2 is hinged to the lower end surface of the support frame 2-5.

[0105] The stepper motor 2-3 is fixedly mounted on the motor fixing frame 2-4 via a motor support 2-3-3, and a sprocket 2-3-2 is provided on the power output shaft 2-3-1 of the stepper motor 2-3.

[0106] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the quantitative soil spreading device 2-7 includes an auger drive sprocket 2-7-1, a soil box 2-7-2, a soil spreading auger 2-7-3, a soil spreading hinged ear 2-7-4, a fixed base 2-7-5 and a soil discharge port 2-7-6.

[0107] The soil box 2-7-2 is fixedly connected to the support frame 2-5 through a fixed base 2-7-5; the soil-applying auger 2-7-3 is installed at the bottom of the soil box 2-7-2 along the axis of the machine, and is used to transport the soil in the soil box 2-7-2 to the soil outlet 2-7-6 at the rear of the bottom plate of the soil box 2-7-2; the auger transmission sprocket 2-7-1 is installed at the front end of the auger shaft of the soil-applying auger 2-7-3, and is connected to the driving sprocket 2-3-2 on the power output shaft 2-3-1 of the stepping motor 2-3 through a chain; two soil-applying hinged ears 2-7-4 are fixedly connected to the rear end of the soil box 2-7-2.

[0108] The sensor 2-6 is a high-precision laser ranging sensor, which is fixed to the support frame 2-5 and located in front of the soil box 2-7-2, and is used to detect the thickness of the soil shortage in the seed bed in real time.

[0109] Two soil taking devices 2-8 are arranged in parallel at the rear of the soil box 2-7-2; Figure 12 As shown, the soil-taking device 2-8 includes a lifting chain 2-8-1, a bucket 2-8-2, a soil-taking hinged ear 2-8-3, a soil-taking fixed plate 2-8-4, a soil-taking transmission system 2-8-5 and a soil-collecting device 2-8-6.

[0110] like Figure 13 As shown, the soil excavation transmission system 2-8-5 includes a driving wheel 2-8-5-1, a driving shaft 2-8-5-2, a driving sprocket 2-8-5-3, a transmission shaft 2-8-5-4, and a soil excavation transmission sprocket 2-8-5-5; the soil collecting device 2-8-6 includes a fixed beam 2-8-6-1 and a soil collecting trough 2-8-6-2.

[0111] The soil-taking hinged ear 2-8-3 is fixedly connected to the upper front end surface of the soil-taking fixed plate 2-8-4, and is hinged to the soil-applying hinged ear 2-7-4 on the soil box 2-7-2; the driving shaft 2-8-5-2 and the transmission shaft 2-8-5-4 are installed on the lower and upper rear end surfaces of the soil-taking fixed plate 2-8-4 through bearing seats; the driving wheel 2-8-5-1 and the driving sprocket 2-8-5-3 are fixedly connected to the driving shaft 2-8-5-2, and the soil-taking transmission shaft 2-8-5-4 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 2-8-5-2. The driving sprocket 2-8-5-5 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 2-8-5-4. The lifting chain 2-8-1 is mounted on the driving sprocket 2-8-5-3 and the soil extraction drive sprocket 2-8-5-5, and is divided into a front chain and a rear chain. Multiple buckets 2-8-2 are evenly fixed to the lifting chain 2-8-1. The soil collecting trough 2-8-6-2 is arranged at the rear and lower part of the rear chain and is hinged to the fixing beam 2-8-6-1 fixed to the support frame 2-5. The driving wheel 2-8-5-1 has a contouring function and can float up and down with the undulations of the terrain, with the hinge point between the soil extraction hinge lug 2-8-3 and the soil application hinge lug 2-7-4 as the rotation axis.

[0112] like Figure 14 As shown, the layered pressing mechanism 3 includes a layered pressing device 3-1, a synchronous pull rod 3-2 and a hydraulic cylinder 3-3. Figure 15 As shown, the layered pressing device 3-1 includes a primary pressing wheel 3-1-1, a front wheel arm 3-1-2, a front swing arm 3-1-3, a secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4, a rear wheel arm 3-1-5 and a rear swing arm 3-1-6;

[0113] The primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 is hinged to the middle of the support frame 2-5 through the front wheel arm 3-1-2, and is located between the soil leveling device 2-2 and the quantitative soil applying device 2-7; the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4 is hinged to the rear end of the support frame 2-5 through the rear wheel arm 3-1-5, and is located behind the quantitative soil applying device 2-7 and between the two soil taking devices 2-8; the lower end of the front swing arm 3-1-3 is fixedly connected to the hinged end of the front wheel arm 3-1-2 and the support frame 2-5; the rear swing arm 3-1 -6 is fixedly connected to the hinged end of the rear wheel arm 3-1-5 and the support frame 2-5; the upper end of the front swing arm 3-1-3 is hinged to the front end of the synchronous pull rod 3-2; the upper end of the rear swing arm 3-1-6 is hinged to the rear end of the synchronous pull rod 3-2; the length of the synchronous pull rod 3-2 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the vertical height between the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 and the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4, in order to regulate the thickness of the soil compacted in layers by the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 and the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4.

[0114] The cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder 3-3 is hinged on the hydraulic cylinder fixed rod 1-7, and the telescopic rod end is hinged on the rear part of the synchronous pull rod 3-2. The purpose of the telescopic movement of the hydraulic cylinder 3-3 is to adjust the height of the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 and the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4 in real time during the operation, so as to simultaneously regulate the intensity of the layered pressing.

[0115] Preferably, the synchronous pull rod 3-2 includes a front pull rod 3-2-1 and a rear pull rod 3-2-2; the front pull rod 3-2-1 and the rear pull rod 3-2-2 are provided with a plurality of equally spaced fixing holes, which are fixed to each other by positioning bolts.

[0116] The working process of the present invention is as follows:

[0117] Before field operation, the penetration depth of the furrowing shovel 1-1 of the sowing mechanism 1 is adjusted according to the agronomic requirements of the sowing depth; when the seeder is operating in the field, the quantitative soil covering and active pressure sowing device moves forward with the unit, and the furrowing shovel 1-1 of the sowing mechanism 1 penetrates the soil and squeezes it to both sides to form a seed furrow, and the seeds fall into the seed bed through the seed delivery tube; at the same time, the covering device 2-1 of the quantitative soil covering and active pressure sowing device collects part of the soil and drops it into the seed bed, and under the action of the soil leveling device 2-2, the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 then completes the initial pressure;

[0118] The soil collecting device 2-8 collects the soil in the soil collecting trough 2-8-6-2, and the transport bucket 2-8-2 on the transport chain 2-8-1 transports the soil in the soil collecting trough 2-8-6-2 upward to the soil box 2-7-2; the sensor 2-6 scans the seed bed after being compacted by the primary pressing wheel 3-1-1 in real time, obtains the thickness of the seed bed soil deficiency, and then calculates the volume of the soil deficiency by formula 1; the quantitative soil applying device 2-7 calculates the auger shaft speed according to the volume of soil deficiency by formula 2, and controls the auger shaft speed to realize quantitative soil applying operation; the covered soil completes the secondary soil compaction operation under the action of the secondary pressing wheel 3-1-4.

[0119] The cross section of the seed trench is simplified to an isosceles trapezoid. The width m of the seed trench bottom without soil covering and the vertical distance z from the seed trench bottom to the soil surface are both fixed values. The volume of soil shortage per unit time N is calculated using Formula 1.

[0120]

[0121] In formula 1, N is the volume of soil shortage per unit time, in m 3 / s; v is the operating speed of the seeder, in m / s; a is the width of the upper end of the seed furrow, in m; b is the width of the bottom of the seed furrow after the first covering and compaction, in m; p is the thickness of the soil deficiency, in m; θ is the vertical angle between the edge of the seed furrow, in °; m is the width of the bottom of the seed furrow without covering and compaction, in m; z is the vertical height from the bottom of the calibrated seed furrow to the soil surface, in m.

[0122] The auger shaft speed n is calculated by formula 2:

[0123]

[0124] In formula 2, n is the auger shaft speed, unit is r / s; N is the volume of soil shortage per unit time, unit is m 3 / s; π is the pi; D is the outer diameter of the auger spiral blade, in m; λ is the gap between the auger spiral blade and the housing, in m; d is the inner diameter of the auger spiral blade, in m; It is the filling rate when conveying grains or debris, generally taken as 0.3-0.4; s is the pitch of the spiral blade, unit is m; k is the inclination coefficient of the auger.

Claims

1. A quantitative soil covering and active suppression sowing device, connected as a single unit to the frame of a sowing machine, characterized in that: The sowing device comprises a sowing mechanism (1), a quantitative soil application mechanism (2) and a layered pressing mechanism (3); The sowing mechanism (1) comprises a furrowing shovel (1-1), a mounting frame (1-2), a contoured four-bar mechanism (1-3), a sowing machine frame (1-4), a seed box (1-5), a seed meter (1-6), a hydraulic cylinder fixing rod (1-7) and a suppression height adjustment device (1-8); The trenching shovel (1-1) is fixed to the front lower part of the seeding machine frame (1-4); the mounting frame (1-2) is mounted on the front upper part of the seeding machine frame (1-4) through a contoured four-bar mechanism (1-3) and is used to be connected and fixed to the frame of the seeding machine; the seed box (1-5) and the seed meter (1-6) are fixed to the middle part of the seeding machine frame (1-4), the seed inlet of the seed meter (1-6) is connected to the seed outlet of the seed box (1-5), and the seed outlet of the seed meter (1-6) is located behind the trenching shovel (1-1); the hydraulic cylinder fixing rod (1-7) and the suppression height adjustment device (1-8) are mounted at the rear end of the seeding machine frame (1-4); The suppression height adjustment device (1-8) comprises a crank handle (1-8-1), a screw rod (1-8-2), an outer shell (1-8-3), a tightening knob (1-8-4) and an inner square tube (1-8-5); The lower end of the inner square tube (1-8-5) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the seed drill frame (1-4), and the upper end is threadedly connected to the screw (1-8-2). The outer shell (1-8-3) is freely slidably sleeved on the outer side of the inner square tube (1-8-5) and is connected to the screw (1-8-2) through a bearing. The crank (1-8-1) is fixedly connected to the end of the screw (1-8-2). The outer shell (1-8-3) is raised and lowered by shaking the crank (1-8-1). The outer shell (1-8-3) is fixed and limited to the inner square tube (1-8-5) by a tightening knob (1-8-4). The quantitative soil applying mechanism (2) comprises a soil covering device (2-1), a soil leveling device (2-2), a stepping motor (2-3), a motor fixing frame (2-4), a support frame (2-5), a sensor (2-6), a quantitative soil applying device (2-7) and a soil taking device (2-8); The motor fixing frame (2-4) and the supporting frame (2-5) are fixed to the rear end of the outer shell (1-8-3) of the suppression height adjustment device (1-8) in sequence from top to bottom; The covering device (2-1) comprises a covering plate (2-1-1), a crossbeam (2-1-2) and a connecting beam (2-1-3); the connecting beam (2-1-3) is U-shaped and comprises a horizontal connecting portion fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the support frame (2-5), and a front connecting arm and a rear connecting arm vertically fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of the horizontal connecting portion; the front connecting arm is vertically fixedly connected to the middle of the crossbeam (2-1-2); the two covering plates (2-1-1) are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the crossbeam (2-1-2), and the opening formed between the two covering plates (2-1-1) is wide at the front and narrow at the rear; The soil leveling device (2-2) comprises a soil leveling plate (2-2-1) and a telescopic spring (2-2-2); the soil leveling plate (2-2-1) is arranged obliquely behind an opening formed between two covering plates (2-1-1); the front end of the soil leveling plate (2-2-1) is hinged to the rear connecting arm of the connecting beam (2-1-3); the rear end of the soil leveling plate (2-2-1) is hinged to the lower end of the telescopic spring (2-2-2); the upper end of the telescopic spring (2-2-2) is hinged to the lower end surface of the support frame (2-5); The stepper motor (2-3) is fixedly mounted on the motor fixing frame (2-4) via a motor support (2-3-3), and a sprocket (2-3-2) is provided on the power output shaft (2-3-1) of the stepper motor (2-3); The quantitative soil spreading device (2-7) comprises an auger drive sprocket (2-7-1), a soil box (2-7-2), a soil spreading auger (2-7-3), a soil spreading hinged ear (2-7-4), a fixed base (2-7-5) and a soil discharge port (2-7-6); The soil box (2-7-2) is fixedly connected to the support frame (2-5) via a fixed base (2-7-5); the soil spreading auger (2-7-3) is installed at the bottom of the soil box (2-7-2) along the axis of the machine, and is used to transport the soil in the soil box (2-7-2) to the soil outlet (2-7-6) at the rear of the bottom plate of the soil box (2-7-2); the auger transmission sprocket (2-7-1) is installed at the front end of the auger shaft of the soil spreading auger (2-7-3), and is connected to the driving sprocket (2-3-2) on the power output shaft (2-3-1) of the stepping motor (2-3) through a chain; two soil spreading hinged ears (2-7-4) are fixedly connected to the rear end of the soil box (2-7-2); The sensor (2-6) is a high-precision laser distance measuring sensor, fixedly connected to the support frame (2-5), located in front of the soil box (2-7-2), and used for real-time detection of the thickness of the soil shortage in the seed bed; Two soil taking devices (2-8) are arranged in parallel behind the soil box (2-7-2); the soil taking devices (2-8) include a lifting chain (2-8-1), a bucket (2-8-2), a soil taking hinged ear (2-8-3), a soil taking fixing plate (2-8-4), a soil taking transmission system (2-8-5) and a soil collecting device (2-8-6); The soil excavation transmission system (2-8-5) includes a driving wheel (2-8-5-1), a driving shaft (2-8-5-2), a driving sprocket (2-8-5-3), a transmission shaft (2-8-5-4), and a soil excavation transmission sprocket (2-8-5-5); the soil collecting device (2-8-6) includes a fixed beam (2-8-6-1) and a soil collecting trough (2-8-6-2); The soil-extracting hinged ear (2-8-3) is fixedly connected to the upper front end surface of the soil-extracting fixed plate (2-8-4) and is hinged to the soil-extracting hinged ear (2-7-4) on the soil box (2-7-2); the driving shaft (2-8-5-2) and the transmission shaft (2-8-5-4) are installed on the lower and upper rear end surfaces of the soil-extracting fixed plate (2-8-4) through bearing seats; the driving wheel (2-8-5-1) and the driving sprocket (2-8-5-3) are fixedly connected to the driving shaft (2-8-5-2), and the soil-extracting transmission sprocket (2-8-5-5) is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft (2-8-5-4); the transport and lifting The chain (2-8-1) is sleeved on the driving sprocket (2-8-5-3) and the soil excavation transmission sprocket (2-8-5-5), and is divided into a front chain and a rear chain; a plurality of transport buckets (2-8-2) are evenly fixed on the transport and lifting chain (2-8-1); the soil collecting trough (2-8-6-2) is arranged at the rear lower part of the rear chain and is hinged to the fixing beam (2-8-6-1) fixed to the support frame (2-5); the driving wheel (2-8-5-1) has a contouring function and can float up and down with the undulation of the terrain, with the hinge point of the soil excavation hinge ear (2-8-3) and the soil application hinge ear (2-7-4) as the rotation axis; The layered pressing mechanism (3) comprises a layered pressing device (3-1), a synchronous pull rod (3-2) and a hydraulic cylinder (3-3); the layered pressing device (3-1) comprises a primary pressing wheel (3-1-1), a front wheel arm (3-1-2), a front swing arm (3-1-3), a secondary pressing wheel (3-1-4), a rear wheel arm (3-1-5) and a rear swing arm (3-1-6); The primary pressing wheel (3-1-1) is hinged to the middle of the support frame (2-5) through the front wheel arm (3-1-2), and is located between the soil leveling device (2-2) and the quantitative soil applying device (2-7); the secondary pressing wheel (3-1-4) is hinged to the rear end of the support frame (2-5) through the rear wheel arm (3-1-5), and is located behind the quantitative soil applying device (2-7) and between the two soil taking devices (2-8); the lower end of the front swing arm (3-1-3) is fixedly connected to the hinged end of the front wheel arm (3-1-2) and the support frame (2-5); the rear swing arm (3 -1-6) is fixedly connected to the hinged end of the rear wheel arm (3-1-5) and the support frame (2-5); the upper end of the front swing arm (3-1-3) is hinged to the front end of the synchronous pull rod (3-2); the upper end of the rear swing arm (3-1-6) is hinged to the rear end of the synchronous pull rod (3-2); the length of the synchronous pull rod (3-2) can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the vertical height between the primary pressing wheel (3-1-1) and the secondary pressing wheel (3-1-4), thereby regulating the thickness of the soil compacted by the primary pressing wheel (3-1-1) and the secondary pressing wheel (3-1-4); The cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder (3-3) is hinged on the hydraulic cylinder fixed rod (1-7), and the telescopic rod end is hinged on the rear of the synchronous pull rod (3-2). The height of the primary pressure wheel (3-1-1) and the secondary pressure wheel (3-1-4) are adjusted in real time by the telescopic movement of the hydraulic cylinder (3-3), thereby achieving simultaneous regulation of the intensity of layered suppression.

2. The sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that The synchronous pull rod (3-2) comprises a front pull rod (3-2-1) and a rear pull rod (3-2-2); the front pull rod (3-2-1) and the rear pull rod (3-2-2) are provided with a plurality of fixing holes at equal intervals and are fixedly connected to each other via positioning bolts.

3. A sowing method with quantitative soil covering and active suppression based on the sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Before field operation, the entrapment depth of the furrowing shovel (1-1) of the sowing mechanism (1) is adjusted according to the agronomic requirements of the sowing depth; when the sowing machine is operating in the field, the quantitative soil covering and active pressing sowing device moves forward with the unit, and the furrowing shovel (1-1) of the sowing mechanism (1) penetrates the soil and squeezes it to both sides to form a seed furrow, and the seeds fall into the seed bed through the seed delivery tube; at the same time, the covering device (2-1) of the quantitative soil covering and active pressing sowing device collects part of the soil and drops it into the seed bed, and under the action of the soil leveling device (2-2), the primary pressing wheel (3-1-1) then completes the initial pressing; S2, the soil collecting device (2-8) collects the soil under the action of the soil collecting trough (2-8-6-2), and the transport bucket (2-8-2) on the transport chain (2-8-1) transports the soil in the soil collecting trough (2-8-6-2) upward to the soil box (2-7-2); the sensor (2-6) scans the seed bed after being compacted by the primary pressing wheel (3-1-1) in real time to obtain the thickness of the seed bed soil deficiency, and then calculates the volume of the soil deficiency by formula 1; the quantitative soil applying device (2-7) calculates the speed of the auger shaft according to the volume of the soil deficiency by formula 2, and controls the speed of the auger shaft to achieve quantitative soil applying operation; the covered soil is subjected to the action of the secondary pressing wheel (3-1-4) to complete the secondary soil compaction operation; In formula 1, N is the volume of soil shortage per unit time, in m 3 / s; v is the operating speed of the seeder, in m / s; a is the width of the upper end of the seed furrow, in m; b is the width of the bottom of the seed trench after the first soil covering and compaction, in m; p is the thickness of the soil shortage, in m; θ is the vertical angle between the edge of the seed trench, in degrees; m is the width of the bottom of the seed trench before soil covering and compaction, in m; z is the vertical height from the bottom of the calibrated seed trench to the soil surface, in m; In formula 2, n is the auger shaft speed, unit is r / s; N is the volume of soil shortage per unit time, unit is m 3 / s; π is the circumference of a circle; D is the outer diameter of the auger spiral blade, in m; λ is the gap between the auger blade and the housing, in m; d is the inner diameter of the auger spiral blade, in m; The filling rate when conveying grains or debris is taken as 0.3-0.4; s is the pitch of the spiral blade, in m; k is the inclination coefficient of the auger.

Images