Pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precision seeding mechanism for wheat plot

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precision seeding mechanism for wheat plots, which includes a traveling power device, a frame, a single-grain precision seeding mechanism, a front ditch-opening mechanism, an automatic seed supply mechanism, a waste seed discharging mechanism, and a soil covering and pressing mechanism; the single-grain precision seeding mechanism includes a pneumatic seeder and a needle-type anti-slip self-propelled wheel arranged coaxially. A number of seed suction holes are arranged on the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder, and a seed filling box and a seed cleaning device are also installed on the pneumatic seeder; the bottom end of the trench after ditching by the front ditch-opening mechanism corresponds to the same height as the seed dropping point of the pneumatic seeder; the automatic seed supply mechanism automatically supplies seeds into the seed filling box; the waste seed discharging mechanism blocks or opens the seed discharging port provided on the seed filling box, and a quick seed discharging structure is also correspondingly provided at the seed discharging port of the waste seed discharging mechanism; the present invention solves the problem of single-grain precision seeding of wheat, and through the organic combination of stable adsorption, single-grain separation, stable transportation and precise seed dropping of wheat, the occurrence of multiple seeding and mixed seeding is avoided, and the effect of single-grain precise seed dropping is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to agricultural seeding machinery, and particularly to a pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precision seeding mechanism for wheat plot Background Art

[0002] At present, the domestic research on plot seeders is relatively less. In particular, the plot precision seeding machinery with high technical content and strict seeding quality requirements is still in its infancy, seriously affecting the accuracy and scientific nature of breeding experiments. Moreover, the breeding work is rather complex. Usually, it is necessary to select varieties that are aggregates of multiple excellent agronomic traits, and it is necessary to cultivate a sufficiently large selection population. Agronomy experts need to conduct large-scale field breeding experiments during the process of cultivating new variety seeds, and all plots of the same experiment should complete the seeding operation within one day to reduce the influence of climate and time changes on breeding experiments. The plot seeder is a special seeder used for field breeding experiments such as new variety cultivation, improved seed propagation, and variety comparison. It can increase the breeding operation efficiency by dozens of times, greatly accelerate the experimental process, reduce experimental errors, and improve work efficiency. Plot seeding is used to observe the growth trend of a single seed. Therefore, it is required that there should be no missing seeds but no multiple seeding during breeding. Once there is a phenomenon of multiple seeding, the seeds will affect each other, and it is impossible to accurately observe the growth trend of a single seed, failing to achieve the purpose of breeding experiments. In addition, it is also required to accurately sow seeds of multiple strain types to the predetermined positions in the experimental field without variety mixing, that is, the phenomenon of mixed seeding, which is significantly different from conventional field seeders. Moreover, in order to ensure the accuracy of the experiment and good uniformity among seeds after sowing, precise seed dropping is also necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precision seeding mechanism for wheat plot that will not have multiple seeding or mixed seeding and can achieve single-grain precise seed dropping.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is: a pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precision seeding mechanism for wheat plot, comprising:

[0005] A traveling power device, which serves as the traveling power of the machine tool;

[0006] A frame, which is installed behind the traveling power device and serves as the direct or indirect installation base for the following structures;

[0007] A single-grain precision seeding mechanism, including a pneumatic seeder rotatably installed on the frame. A needle-type anti-slip self-propelled wheel that can be inserted into the soil to obtain the forward speed of the machine tool is coaxially fixed to the side of the pneumatic seeder. A plurality of seed suction holes are arranged on the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder. A seed filling box is provided at a position corresponding to the seed taking area and the seed cleaning area on the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder. A seed cleaning device is correspondingly provided in the seed cleaning area of the seed filling box;

[0008] The front ditch-opening mechanism is installed below the front end of the pneumatic seeder and is used to open a trench in front of the pneumatic seeder. The bottom end of the trench after the front ditch-opening mechanism opens the ditch corresponds to the same height as the seed-throwing point of the pneumatic seeder.

[0009] The automatic seed supply mechanism is installed on the frame. The seed-down pipe of the automatic seed supply mechanism extends into the seed-filling box to automatically supply seeds into the seed-filling box.

[0010] The waste seed discharging mechanism is used to block or open the seed discharging port of the seed-filling box. When the waste seed discharging mechanism blocks the seed discharging port of the seed-filling box, the seed-filling box can be filled with seeds. When the waste seed discharging mechanism is open, the seeds in the seed-filling box are automatically discharged from the seed discharging port. A quick seed discharging structure is also correspondingly provided at the seed discharging port of the waste seed discharging mechanism.

[0011] The soil covering and compressing mechanism is installed on the frame and is located behind the single-seed precision seeding mechanism. It is used to cover the trench after sowing and compact the surface of the trench after soil covering.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the pneumatic seeder includes a pinhole wheel body with a pneumatic chamber inside. An annular seed-sucking boss protruding outward for inserting into the bottom end of the trench to throw seeds is provided in the middle of the outer periphery of the pinhole wheel body. A plurality of the seed-sucking holes respectively communicated with the pneumatic chamber through narrow air ducts are arranged on the outer periphery of the annular seed-sucking boss.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, one side of the pinhole wheel body is blocked with a pneumatic distribution cover corresponding to the pneumatic chamber. A positive pressure port and a negative pressure port are provided on the pneumatic distribution cover. The positive pressure port and the negative pressure port are respectively connected to a pneumatic mechanism through flexible air ducts. The outer side surface of the pneumatic distribution cover is fixed on the frame. A seed discharging shaft is rotatably installed at the center of the pneumatic distribution cover. The center of the pinhole wheel body is fixedly installed on the seed discharging shaft. The needle-type anti-slip self-propelled wheel is coaxially fixed on the seed discharging shaft.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the needle-type anti-slip self-propelled wheel includes a self-propelled wheel disc for inserting into the soil to obtain the forward speed of the machine. A plurality of anti-slip needle feet for preventing the self-propelled wheel disc from rotating and slipping are arranged on the outer periphery of the self-propelled wheel disc.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the seed-filling box is fixed on the frame and corresponds to the seed-taking area and the seed-cleaning area of the pneumatic seeder. The inner side of the seed-filling box corresponds to and cooperates with the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder to form a seed-filling cavity. The seed discharging port is provided at the bottom end of the seed-filling box and is communicated with the seed-filling cavity. The waste seed discharging mechanism is correspondingly provided at the seed discharging port.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the seed cleaning device includes a seed cleaning duckbill disposed in a seed cleaning area in the seed filling box, and the seed cleaning duckbill is connected to the air pressure mechanism through a seed cleaning pipe.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the automatic seed supply mechanism includes a seed supply frame fixed on the frame, the seed supply frame is provided with a seed supply port connected to the seed filling box, the seed supply frame is also provided with a plurality of seed supply boxes arranged for placing seeds, the seed supply frame is also provided with a driving sprocket and a driving chain for driving the seed supply boxes to move in an orderly manner to the seed supply port for seed supply, the driving chain is provided with a seed supply push block resting on the seed supply box, the driving sprocket is correspondingly provided with a driving motor, and a box receiving box is also provided at one end of the seed supply port of the seed supply frame.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the waste seed unloading mechanism includes a seed unloading plate located at the seed unloading port, an inclined seed guide plate is provided at the seed unloading port below the seed unloading plate, a waste seed box is correspondingly provided below the seed guide plate, the seed unloading plate is hinged to the seed filling box through an automatic pop-up hinge, and the frame is also provided with a seed unloading controller connected to the seed guide plate for controlling the rotation state of the automatic pop-up hinge.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the seed unloading controller includes a seed unloading rope connected to the seed guide plate, a seed unloading rod is provided at the bottom end of the seed unloading rope, a seed unloading seat corresponding to the seed unloading rod is provided on the frame, a seed unloading position and a blocking position are provided on the seed unloading seat, the seed unloading position and the blocking position are arranged at 90°, when the seed unloading rod is located at the seed unloading position, the seed unloading plate tilts upward to open the seed unloading port, and when the seed unloading rod is located at the blocking position, the seed unloading plate closes the seed unloading port.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the seed guide plate is a seed guide elastic sheet arranged to be inclined downward, the lower end of the seed guide elastic sheet is fixed on the seed filling box, the top end of the seed guide elastic sheet extends to the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder, the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder is located at the seed suction hole and a paddle protrusion is correspondingly provided, the paddle protrusion corresponds to the bottom end of the seed guide elastic sheet to form the rapid seed discharge structure, and when the pneumatic seeder rotates, the paddle protrusion pushes the top end of the seed guide elastic sheet so that the seed guide elastic sheet deforms upward to achieve rapid seed discharge.

[0021] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention can ensure that there will be no double planting by adding a seed cleaning device, and can accurately observe the growth of a single seed to achieve the purpose of breeding experiments; and through the automatic seed supply mechanism and the waste seed unloading mechanism, seeds of multiple varieties can be accurately sown to the predetermined positions of the test field, especially the waste seed unloading mechanism can quickly and thoroughly discharge the excess waste seeds, and will not be mixed with the next seeds to be sown, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of mixed seeds; at the same time, by setting a needle-type anti-skid self-propelled wheel, the seed meter can be prevented from slipping, so as to achieve more uniform and stable seeding, and by moving the seeding points down to the bottom of the seed groove, it is ensured that the seeds will not move significantly after falling, so as to achieve accurate seeding of wheat;

[0023] 2. The present invention solves the problem of single-grain precision sowing of wheat, and proposes a wheat precision sowing method based on single-grain separation and low-position stable sowing. By organically combining stable adsorption of wheat, single-grain separation, stable transportation and precise sowing, the function of quantitative seed separation of the seed meter and the protective transportation function are integrated into the sowing device, so that the pinhole wheel body has the functions of the seed meter, the seed guide device and the sowing device at the same time, the seed delivery form is changed, and the wheat can still maintain its original uniformity in the soil. The present invention also has the advantages of simple and compact structure, low price, good sowing stability, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The following drawings are intended only to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Side view of

[0030] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure from another angle;

[0031] Figure 7 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single seed precision sowing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic seed supply mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the pneumatic seeder according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 is Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram from another angle;

[0035] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of soil penetration, furrow opening and sowing according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 12 Another angle schematic diagram of soil penetration, furrow opening and sowing according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 13 It is a schematic structural diagram of the waste seed discharging mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] In the figure:

[0039] 100 - Travel power device;

[0040] 200 - Frame;

[0041] 300 - Single - grain precision seeding mechanism; 311 - Seed suction hole; 312 - Pinhole wheel body; 313 - Annular seed suction boss; 314 - Pneumatic distribution cover; 315 - Positive pressure port; 316 - Negative pressure port; 320 - Needle - type anti - slip self - propelled wheel; 321 - Self - propelled wheel disc; 322 - Anti - slip needle feet; 330 - Seed - filling box; 340 - Seed cleaning device; 341 - Seed cleaning duckbill opening; 342 - Seed cleaning pipe;

[0042] 400 - Front - mounted furrow - opening mechanism;

[0043] 500 - Automatic seed supply mechanism; 501 - Seed supply frame body; 502 - Seed supply port; 503 - Seed supply box; 504 - Driving sprocket; 505 - Driving chain; 506 - Seed supply push block; 507 - Receiving box;

[0044] 600 - Waste seed discharging mechanism; 601 - Seed discharging plate; 602 - Seed guiding plate; 603 - Waste seed box; 604 - Automatic spring - opening hinge; 605 - Seed discharging pull rod; 606 - Seed discharging seat; 607 - Paddle protrusion;

[0045] 700 - Soil covering and pressing mechanism; 710 - Scraper - type soil covering device; 720 - Pressing wheel. Specific embodiments

[0046] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the following detailed description, only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described by way of illustration. Without doubt, those of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and the description are illustrative in nature and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the claims.

[0047] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precision seeding mechanism for wheat plots includes a traveling power device 100, a frame 200, a single-grain precision seeding mechanism 300, a front ditching mechanism 400, an automatic seed feeding mechanism 500, a waste seed discharging mechanism 600, and a soil covering and pressing mechanism 700.

[0048] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the traveling power device 100 serves as the traveling power of the machine. In this embodiment, the traveling power device 100 is a small walking tractor, equipped with a large-capacity battery, and installed directly above the engine. The push rod is located directly in front of the walking tractor.

[0049] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the frame 200 is composed of two parallel square steel beams, connected to the rear connecting frame of the walking tractor through a pin shaft, and installed behind the traveling power device 100, serving as the direct or indirect installation base for the following structures.

[0050] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in front of the single-grain precision seeding mechanism 300, a front pressing mechanism is further provided. The front pressing mechanism includes a front pressing roller. The two shaft ends of the front pressing roller are connected to the frame 200 through a pressing connecting rod. The front pressing roller can complete the pressing work before sowing.

[0051] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , in this embodiment, two single-grain precision seeding mechanisms 300 are arranged in parallel and can sow two rows simultaneously. The two single-grain precision seeding mechanisms 300 are installed on a seeding bracket, connected to the frame 200 through a parallelogram mechanism, and a lifting electric push rod is connected between the seeding bracket and the frame 200. When turning in the field and transporting on the road, the lifting electric push rod can be controlled to lift the two single-grain precision seeding mechanisms 300 to a certain height above the ground to reduce the traveling resistance. However, when ditching and sowing, the height of the single-grain precision seeding mechanism 300 is reduced through the lifting electric push rod. Since the structures of the two single-grain precision seeding mechanisms 300 are the same, only one of the single-grain precision seeding mechanisms 300 will be described here.

[0052] See Figure 9 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown in , , and , the single-seed precision seeding mechanism 300 includes a pneumatic seeder rotatably mounted on the frame 200. A needle-type anti-slip self-propelled wheel 320 that can be inserted into the soil to obtain the forward speed of the machine is coaxially fixed to the side of the pneumatic seeder. A plurality of seed suction holes 311 are arranged on the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder. A seed filling box 330 is provided at a position corresponding to the seed taking area and the seed cleaning area on the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder. A seed cleaning device 340 is correspondingly provided in the seed filling box 330 at the seed cleaning area.

[0053] See Figure 11 、 Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown in , , and , the pneumatic seeder includes a needle-hole wheel body 312 with an internal air pressure chamber. An annular seed suction boss 313 that protrudes outward for inserting into the bottom of the groove to drop seeds is provided in the middle of the outer periphery of the needle-hole wheel body 312. A plurality of the seed suction holes 311 that are respectively communicated with the air pressure chamber through narrow air ducts are arranged on the outer periphery of the annular seed suction boss 313. The entire working process of the pneumatic seeder can be divided into four stages: seed taking, seed cleaning, seed transporting, and seed dropping. It is basically the same as the internal structure and principle of common pneumatic seeders in the prior art, so it will not be elaborated here. However, the external structure is different. In this embodiment, an annular seed suction boss 313 is provided on the outer periphery of the needle-hole wheel body 312. The seed suction holes 311 are provided on the outer periphery of the annular seed suction boss 313. The annular seed suction boss 313 protrudes outward. After the trench is opened, the annular seed suction boss 313 can be inserted downward to the bottom of the opened trench, and the outer wall of the needle-hole wheel body 312 can be supported on the soil outside the trench. See and . Figure 11 and Figure 12 At this time, the seed dropping point of the seed suction holes 311 is very close to the bottom of the trench. After the seeds are discharged, they can directly fall to the bottom of the trench without large movement, and precise wheat seeding can be achieved.

[0054] See Figure 9 and Figure 11, on one side of the pinhole wheel body 312, there is a pneumatic distribution cover 314 corresponding to the pneumatic chamber. At appropriate positions on the surface of the pneumatic distribution cover 314, there are a positive pressure port 315 and a negative pressure port 316, which provide positive and negative pneumatic inputs for the internal pneumatic chamber. The positive pressure port 315 and the negative pressure port 316 both protrude outward by a certain height to facilitate the installation of flexible air ducts, and thus are connected to a pneumatic mechanism. The pneumatic mechanism is a DC fan located above the pneumatic seeder, and is connected to a rubber sealing ring fixedly connected inside the pneumatic distribution cover 314. The two are pressed and sealed. The internal air chamber of the rubber sealing ring is communicated with the negative pressure port 316 to provide negative pneumatic force for the seed suction holes 311. The distribution of the positive pressure area and the negative pressure area on the pneumatic distribution cover 314 adopts the structure of a common pneumatic seed metering device in the prior art. The positive and negative pressure principles are in the prior art and will not be elaborated here. The outer side surface of the pneumatic distribution cover 314 is fixed on the frame 200. A shaft hole is provided in the center of the pneumatic distribution cover 314, which can allow the seed metering shaft to pass through with a clearance. The seed metering shaft is rotatably installed on the pneumatic distribution cover 314 through bearings. The center of the pinhole wheel body 312 is fixedly installed on the seed metering shaft, and the pin type anti-slip self-propelled wheel 320 is coaxially fixed on the seed metering shaft.

[0055] See Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 , the pin type anti-slip self-propelled wheel 320 includes a self-propelled wheel disc 321 for inserting into the soil to obtain the forward speed of the implement. A number of anti-slip pins 322 for preventing the rotation and slippage of the self-propelled wheel disc 321 are arranged on the outer periphery of the self-propelled wheel disc 321. During operation, the outer wall of the pinhole wheel body 312 presses on the soil, and the annular seed suction boss 313 with the seed suction holes 311 is inserted into the soil. The pinhole wheel body 312 is coaxially connected to the pin type anti-slip self-propelled wheel 320. When the implement moves forward, since both the self-propelled wheel disc 321 and the anti-slip pins 322 are below the soil, they are inserted into the soil and obtain the forward speed of the implement, driving the pinhole wheel body 312 to rotate synchronously. Moreover, the anti-slip pins 322 inserted into the soil can also prevent the self-propelled wheel disc 321 from slipping. Its linear speed is consistent with the forward speed of the implement, and zero-speed seed dropping can be achieved.

[0056] See Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 13, the seed filling box 330 is installed at the position of the seed box connection hole of the front ditch-opening mechanism 400 through the mounting bosses on the side wall, and is indirectly fixed on the frame 200 to maintain the relative position between the seed filling box 330 and the pinhole wheel body 312, and is locked at the position of the seed filling box 330 with the mounting bosses. The seed filling box 330 corresponds to the seed-taking area and the seed-cleaning area of the pneumatic seeder. The inner side of the seed filling box 330 corresponds and cooperates with the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder to form a seed filling cavity. The seed discharging port is arranged at the bottom end of the seed filling box 330 and communicates with the seed filling cavity, and the waste seed discharging mechanism 600 is correspondingly arranged at the seed discharging port. The side wall spacing of the seed filling box 330 is slightly wider than the annular seed-sucking boss, and the annular seed-sucking boss can extend into the seed filling box 330. The two sides are filled with high-density flexible materials, allowing the pinhole wheel body 312 to rotate with low resistance and ensuring that the seeds in the seed filling box 330 will not leak out due to the rotation of the pinhole wheel body 312.

[0057] See Figure 13 , the seed cleaning device 340 includes a seed cleaning duckbill opening 341 arranged in the seed cleaning area of the seed filling box 330. The seed cleaning duckbill opening 341 is arranged downward towards the outer periphery of the annular seed-sucking boss. The seed cleaning duckbill opening 341 is connected to a pneumatic mechanism through a seed cleaning pipe 342. When the seeds enter the seed cleaning area, the pneumatic mechanism applies a positive pressure air flow through the seed cleaning pipe 342 to impact on the seed-sucking hole 311, and the excess seeds sucked on the seed-sucking hole 311 are impacted by the air flow and fall downward into the seed filling box 330 to achieve single-grain separation of wheat seeds.

[0058] See Figure 10 and Figure 11 , the front ditch-opening mechanism 400 is installed below the front end of the pneumatic seeder and is used to open a trench in front of the pneumatic seeder. The bottom end of the trench after the front ditch-opening mechanism 400 opens the ditch corresponds to the same height as the seed-throwing point of the pneumatic seeder; the front ditch-opening mechanism 400 includes a ditch-opening knife at the forefront, which is used to open a seed ditch, and the front end is in a sharp-angle shape, and there are retaining plates on both sides.

[0059] See Figure 8, the automatic seed feeding mechanism 500 is installed on the frame 200, and the seed dropping pipe of the automatic seed feeding mechanism 500 extends into the seed filling box 330 to automatically supply seeds to the seed filling box 330; the automatic seed feeding mechanism 500 includes a seed feeding frame body 501 fixed on the frame 200, a seed feeding port 502 connected to the seed filling box 330 is provided on the seed feeding frame body 501, and a number of seed feeding boxes 503 arranged for placing seeds are also provided on the seed feeding frame body 501. The bottom end of the seed feeding box 503 is open and cooperates with the surface of the seed feeding frame body 501 to form a cavity for loading seeds. A driving sprocket 504 and a driving chain 505 for driving the seed feeding boxes 503 to move orderly to the seed feeding port 502 for seed feeding are also provided on the seed feeding frame body 501. A seed feeding push block 506 abutted against the seed feeding box 503 is provided on the driving chain 505, and a stepping motor is correspondingly provided on the driving sprocket 504. A receiving box 507 is also provided at one end of the seed feeding port 502 of the seed feeding frame body 501. The main working principle is that the stepping motor controls the rotation of the seed feeding shaft through a coupling, and the driving sprocket 504 thereon drives the driving chain 505 to move, converting the rotational motion output by the stepping motor into the parallel movement of the chain links. The seed feeding push blocks 506 are fixed to the links on both sides of the driving chain 505, and the seed feeding push blocks 506 can push the seed feeding boxes 503 forward. It is set that the forward movement distance of the seed feeding push block 506 each time is equal to the width of the seed feeding box 503, so that the seed feeding for one plot can be completed each time the signal is triggered; when the seed feeding box 503 is pushed to the seed feeding port 502, the seeds fall by their own weight, and the seed dropping pipe connected to the lower end of the seed feeding port 502 drops the seeds into the seed filling box 330 to complete the seed feeding operation; the seed feeding box 503 after the seed feeding is pushed by the next seed feeding box 503 and continues to move forward until it leaves the range of the seed feeding frame body 501 and falls into the receiving box 507; when all the seed feeding boxes 503 have completed the seed feeding, press the return button, and the stepping motor drives the seed feeding push block 506 to reverse back to the initial position of the seed feeding frame body 501, insert the next batch of loaded seed feeding boxes 503, and continue the subsequent plot breeding operation. The automatic seed feeding mechanism 500 supplies seeds to multiple single-seed precision sowing mechanisms 300 at the same time. The number of single-seed precision sowing mechanisms 300 is equal to the number of seed feeding ports 502 and also equal to the number of rows of the seed feeding boxes 503. See Figure 8 .

[0060] See Figure 13 , the waste seed discharging mechanism 600 blocks or opens the seed discharging port provided on the seed filling box 330. When the waste seed discharging mechanism 600 blocks the seed discharging port of the seed filling box 330, the seed filling box 330 can be filled with seeds. When the waste seed discharging mechanism 600 is open, the seeds in the seed filling box 330 are automatically discharged from the seed discharging port. A quick seed discharging structure is also correspondingly provided at the seed discharging port of the waste seed discharging mechanism 600.

[0061] See Figure 13 Figure 13 , the waste seed discharging mechanism 600 includes a seed discharging plate 601 located at the seed discharging port. A seed guiding plate 602 is inclinedly arranged below the seed discharging plate 601 at the seed discharging port. A waste seed box 603 is correspondingly arranged below the seed guiding plate 602. The seed discharging plate 601 is hinged to the seed filling box 330 through an automatic spring hinge 604. A seed discharging controller for controlling the rotation state of the automatic spring hinge 604 is further arranged on the frame 200 and connected to the seed guiding plate 602. The automatic spring hinge 604 is a self-locking structure in the prior art, which includes two hinged hinge plates. A locking spring is arranged between the two hinge plates. One of the hinge plates is fixed on the seed filling box 330, and the seed discharging plate 601 is fixed on the other hinge plate. The locking spring forces the seed discharging plate 601 to press against the seed discharging port with a certain pre-tightening force to close the seed discharging port and keep the seed filling box 330 closed. When the seed discharging plate 601 is pulled upward, overcoming the elastic force of the locking spring, the seed discharging plate 601 swings to open the seed discharging port, and the excess seeds in the seed filling box 330 will fall into the waste seed box 603 for collection, preventing the seeds from being left in the field and affecting the breeding test results.

[0062] See Figure 7 and Figure 8 Figure 8 , the seed discharging controller includes a seed discharging pull rope connected to the seed guiding plate 602. A seed discharging pull rod 605 is arranged at the bottom end of the seed discharging pull rope. A seed discharging seat 606 corresponding to the seed discharging pull rod 605 is arranged on the frame 200. A seed discharging clamping position and a blocking clamping position are arranged on the seed discharging seat 606. The seed discharging clamping position and the blocking clamping position are arranged at 90°. When the seed discharging pull rod 605 is located at the seed discharging clamping position, the seed discharging plate 601 tilts upward to open the seed discharging port. When the seed discharging pull rod 605 is located at the blocking clamping position, the seed discharging plate 601 closes the seed discharging port. The opening and closing of the seed discharging plate 601 are controlled by the seed discharging pull rod 605 and the seed discharging pull rope. In this embodiment, the seed discharging controller is arranged on the automatic seed supply mechanism 500 and indirectly fixed on the frame 200, and is relatively close to the position of the handrail, which is convenient for control. The heights of the seed discharging clamping position, the blocking clamping position and the cooperation with the seed discharging pull rod 605 are different. When cooperating with the seed discharging clamping position, the position of the seed discharging pull rod 605 is upward, which will pull the seed discharging plate 601 upward to open the seed discharging port.

[0063] See Figure 13The seed guide plate 602 is a seed guide elastic sheet arranged to be tilted downward, the lower end of the seed guide elastic sheet is fixed on the seed filling box 330, the top end of the seed guide elastic sheet extends to the periphery of the pneumatic seeder, the periphery of the pneumatic seeder is located at the seed suction hole 311 and a corresponding paddle protrusion 607 is provided, the paddle protrusion 607 corresponds to the bottom end of the seed guide elastic sheet to form the rapid seed discharge structure, when the pneumatic seeder rotates, the paddle protrusion 607 moves the top end of the seed guide elastic sheet so that the seed guide elastic sheet deforms upward to realize rapid seed discharge. When it is necessary to unload seeds, the seed unloading plate 601 is opened. At this time, the excess seeds in the seed filling box 330 will enter the waste seed box 603 along the seed guide elastic sheet, and the machine will continue to move forward about half a meter. At this time, the pinhole wheel body 312 continues to rotate to continue sowing the seeds sucked in the seed suction hole 311. At the same time, the paddle protrusion 607 passing through the seed guide elastic sheet will push the top of the seed guide elastic sheet upward, and the seed guide elastic sheet will deform upward. The seeds accumulated on the seed guide elastic sheet will be vibrated, thereby accelerating the seed discharge. At the same time, due to the intermittent vibration of the seed guide elastic sheet, the seeds can be prevented from accumulating at the seed guide elastic sheet, so as to achieve the purpose of complete seed discharge and avoid mixing with the seeds in the next sowing area. There is a gap between the seed guide elastic sheet and the pinhole wheel body 312, but the gap is very small and seeds will not be leaked. After the paddle protrusion 607 passes through the seed guide elastic sheet, the seed guide elastic sheet will immediately restore its deformation, and because the lower surface of the seed guide elastic sheet is against the seed filling box 330, the seed guide elastic sheet will not vibrate significantly after restoring its deformation, and seeds will not be leaked in the gap.

[0064] The soil covering and suppressing mechanism 700 is installed on the frame 200 and is located behind the single seed precision sowing mechanism 300, and is used to cover the groove with soil after sowing and compact the groove surface after covering with soil. The soil covering and suppressing mechanism 700 includes a scraper-type soil covering device 710 and a suppressing wheel 720. The scraper-type soil covering device 710 is arranged at the lower rear side of the pneumatic seeder to provide soil covering for the wheat seeds after sowing to avoid drying the seeds. The amount of soil covering can be adjusted by adjusting the angle between the soil covering device and the ground. The suppressing wheel 720 is arranged behind the scraper-type soil covering device 710 to compact the groove surface after covering with soil.

[0065] The working principle of this embodiment is:

[0066] Before the plot breeding operation, operate the seed discharging controller to keep the seed discharging plate 601 closed at the seed discharging port. Then, place the corresponding seeds in the seed supply box 503 according to the plot sowing type and sowing distance. During the operation, the automatic seed supply mechanism 500 operates to supply the seeds in the corresponding seed supply box 503 into the corresponding seed filling box 330. Then, after adjusting the machine to an appropriate height, the traveling power device 100 is started, and the machine begins to move forward. The pinhole wheel body 312 rotates around the seed discharging shaft driven by the driving force, and the seed suction area is filled with wheat seeds. When the seed suction holes 311 with negative pressure pass by, the seeds in the seed filling box 330 can be sucked, achieving stable adsorption. When the seed suction holes 311 with seeds pass through the seed cleaning area, they are impacted by the positive pressure air flow applied by the seed cleaning device 340, and the excess sucked seeds are cleared out of the seed suction holes 311, realizing single-grain separation of wheat seeds. In the seed transportation area, the seed suction holes 311 can continuously obtain air power from the air pressure mechanism, and the seeds adsorbed on the seed suction holes 311 are stably transported to the bottom of the pinhole wheel body 312 as the pinhole wheel body 312 rotates, achieving stable operation of wheat. When the pinhole wheel body 312 carries the seeds to reach the bottom seed dropping area, the negative pressure supply is cut off, and the seeds are dropped under the action of their own weight and centrifugal force. During the operation, the outer wall of the pinhole wheel body 312 presses on the soil, and the annular seed suction boss with the seed suction holes 311 is inserted into the seed furrow. Since the seed dropping point is below the ground and very close to the bottom of the seed furrow groove, the seeds will not move greatly when reaching the seed furrow, realizing precise wheat seeding. When rotating a smaller angle further, it enters the positive pressure area, and the positive pressure air flow can play a role in cleaning the seed suction holes 311 and preventing blockage. And because the pinhole wheel body 312 is coaxially connected with the needle-type anti-slip self-propelled wheel 320, when the machine moves forward, the self-propelled wheel disc 321 and the anti-slip needle feet 322 are both below the soil, inserted into the soil and obtaining the forward speed of the machine, driving the pinhole wheel body 312 to rotate synchronously. And the anti-slip needle feet 322 inserted into the soil can also prevent the self-propelled wheel disc 321 from slipping, and its linear speed is consistent with the forward speed of the machine, realizing zero-speed seeding.

[0067] When the plot sowing is basically completed, the machine stops but the engine does not stop. The operator operates the seed discharging controller to open the seed discharging plate 601 and open the seed discharging port. The excess seeds in the seed filling box 330 enter the waste seed box 603. The machine continues to move forward about half a meter to sow the seeds in the seed suction holes 311. During this process, the fast seed discharging structure quickly discharges the remaining seeds in the seed filling box 330 completely. Then it enters the next plot. After closing the seed discharging port, it conducts automatic seed supply and enters the next breeding operation.

[0068] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only to illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Pneumatic pinhole wheel type wheat plot single grain precision sowing mechanism, It is characterized in that include: Travel power device, serving as the driving force for the machine; A frame, mounted at the rear of the travel power unit, serving as a direct or indirect mounting base for the following structures; The single-seed precision sowing mechanism comprises an air seeder rotatably mounted on the frame, a needle-type anti-skid self-propelled wheel which can be inserted into the soil to obtain the forward speed of the machine is coaxially fixed to the side of the air seeder, a plurality of seed suction holes are arranged on the outer periphery of the air seeder, a seed filling box is arranged on the outer periphery of the air seeder at positions corresponding to the seed taking area and the seed cleaning area, and a seed cleaning device is arranged in the seed filling box at the seed cleaning area; the air seeder comprises a pinhole wheel body with an air pressure chamber inside, an annular seed suction boss which protrudes outward and is used to be inserted into the bottom end of the groove for sowing seeds is arranged in the middle part of the outer periphery of the pinhole wheel body, and a plurality of the seed suction holes which are respectively connected with the air pressure chamber through narrow and long air ducts are arranged on the outer periphery of the annular seed suction boss; the seed cleaning device comprises a seed cleaning duckbill provided in the seed cleaning area of ​​the seed filling box, and the seed cleaning duckbill is connected to the air pressure mechanism through a seed cleaning pipe; A front furrowing mechanism is installed below the front end of the pneumatic seeder and is used to open a furrow in front of the pneumatic seeder. The bottom of the furrow opened by the front furrowing mechanism is at the same height as the seeding point of the pneumatic seeder. An automatic seed supply mechanism is installed on the frame, and a seed supply pipe of the automatic seed supply mechanism extends into the seed filling box to automatically provide seeds into the seed filling box; A waste seed unloading mechanism is provided at the seed unloading port of the seed filling box, which is blocked or opened. When the waste seed unloading mechanism is blocked at the seed unloading port of the seed filling box, the seed filling box can be filled with seeds. When the waste seed unloading mechanism is opened, the seeds in the seed filling box are automatically discharged from the seed unloading port. A quick seed discharge structure is also provided at the seed unloading port of the waste seed unloading mechanism. The waste seed unloading mechanism includes a seed unloading plate located at the seed unloading port, and an inclined seed guide plate is provided at the seed unloading port below the seed unloading plate, and a waste seed box is provided below the seed guide plate. The seed unloading plate is hinged to the seed filling box by automatically opening hinges. The frame is also provided with a seed unloading controller connected to the seed guide plate for controlling the rotation state of the automatic opening and closing hinge; the seed guide plate is a seed guide elastic sheet arranged to be inclined downward, the lower end of the seed guide elastic sheet is fixed to the seed filling box, the top end of the seed guide elastic sheet extends to the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder, the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder is provided with a paddle protrusion corresponding to the seed suction hole, the paddle protrusion corresponds to the bottom end of the seed guide elastic sheet to form the rapid seed discharge structure, when the pneumatic seeder rotates, the paddle protrusion pokes the top end of the seed guide elastic sheet so that the seed guide elastic sheet deforms upward to realize rapid seed discharge; The soil covering and pressing mechanism is installed on the frame and is located behind the single-seed precision sowing mechanism. It is used for covering the soil on the groove after sowing and compacting the surface of the groove after covering the soil.

2. The pneumatic pinhole wheel type wheat plot single grain precision sowing mechanism as claimed in claim 1, Features: One side of the pinhole wheel body is blocked by an air distribution cover corresponding to the air pressure chamber. The air distribution cover is provided with a positive pressure port and a negative pressure port. The positive pressure port and the negative pressure port are respectively connected to an air pressure mechanism through flexible air ducts. The outer side of the air distribution cover is fixed on the frame. A seed discharging shaft is rotatably installed at the center of the air distribution cover. The center of the pinhole wheel body is fixedly installed on the seed discharging shaft. The pin-type anti-slip self-propelled wheel is coaxially fixed on the seed discharging shaft.

3. The pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precise seeding mechanism for wheat plots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pin-type anti-slip self-propelled wheel includes a self-propelled wheel disc for inserting into the soil to obtain the forward speed of the machine. A plurality of anti-slip pin feet for preventing the rotation and slippage of the self-propelled wheel disc are arranged on the outer periphery of the self-propelled wheel disc.

4. The pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precise seeding mechanism for wheat plots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed filling box is fixed on the frame and corresponds to the seed taking area and the seed cleaning area of the pneumatic seeder. The inner side of the seed filling box corresponds to and cooperates with the outer periphery of the pneumatic seeder to form a seed filling cavity. The seed discharging port is arranged at the bottom end of the seed filling box and is communicated with the seed filling cavity. The waste seed discharging mechanism is correspondingly arranged at the seed discharging port.

5. The pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precise seeding mechanism for wheat plots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic seed supply mechanism includes a seed supply frame body fixed on the frame. The seed supply frame body is provided with a seed supply port connected to the seed filling box. The seed supply frame body is also provided with a plurality of seed supply boxes arranged in a row for placing seeds. The seed supply frame body is also provided with a driving sprocket and a driving chain for driving the seed supply boxes to move orderly to the seed supply port for seed supply. A seed supply push block abutted against the seed supply box is arranged on the driving chain. A driving motor is correspondingly arranged on the driving sprocket. A receiving box is also arranged at one end of the seed supply port of the seed supply frame body.

6. The pneumatic pinhole wheel type single-grain precise seeding mechanism for wheat plots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed discharging controller includes a seed discharging pull rope connected to the seed guiding plate. A seed discharging pull rod is arranged at the bottom end of the seed discharging pull rope. A seed discharging seat corresponding to the seed discharging pull rod is arranged on the frame. The seed discharging seat is provided with a seed discharging clamping position and a blocking clamping position. The seed discharging clamping position and the blocking clamping position are arranged at 90°. When the seed discharging pull rod is located at the seed discharging clamping position, the seed discharging plate tilts upward to open the seed discharging port. When the seed discharging pull rod is located at the blocking clamping position, the seed discharging plate closes the seed discharging port.

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