A method for using living tree frames for three-dimensional ecological protection of steep slopes against rolling debris

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for using a living tree grid to stereoscopically and ecologically protect rolling objects on a steep slope. The method first sets anchor rods at the foot of the steep slope, excavates planting pits between the anchor rods and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope, places planting boxes in the planting pits and vertically plants landscape trees, and places planting boxes on the slope surface upward from the anchor rods at the foot of the slope corresponding to the planting pits to form several rows of planting belts; then horizontally plants trees in each planting box on the slope surface, and the horizontally planted trees form a living tree grid for protecting rolling objects on the slope surface. The water supply for the horizontally planted trees in the planting belts on the slope surface is realized by corresponding drip irrigation belts for each row of planting belts and by arranging slope runoff water intercepting plates between the planting belts; the water supply for the vertically planted trees at the foot of the slope is realized by connecting the planting boxes at the foot of the slope with the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope. The method of the present invention can simultaneously achieve the protection of rolling objects on the slope surface and ecological slope protection, and is easy to construct with high engineering safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of ecological protection of slope engineering, and particularly relates to a method for utilizing a living tree frame three-dimensional ecological protection for steep slope rolling objects. Background Technique

[0002] Steep slope rolling objects such as rockfalls are single or group rock blocks that suddenly separate from a steep mountain slope under the action of gravity or other external forces and move violently down the slope in one or a combination of free fall, bouncing, and rolling, and finally gather at the foot of the slope, which is a common geological disaster phenomenon. The common protection for steep slope rolling objects is a rockfall protection net, such as an SNS flexible protection net, which has the characteristics of high strength, high flexibility, simple installation, and strong adaptability to the slope terrain. Regarding the prevention of rockfalls on cliffs or steep slopes, the most commonly used method at present is to install an active protection net for rockfalls. The openness of the rockfall protection net system allows groundwater to drain freely, avoiding the problem of slope instability caused by the increase in groundwater pressure, and can also inhibit the further weathering and erosion of the slope, without damaging or changing the original landform and vegetation growth conditions of the slope surface. For the purpose of preventing soil erosion and for aesthetic needs, the protection net needs to be greened and ecologicalized. For slopes with a relatively gentle gradient and mainly soil on the ground surface, the protection net can be fixed and sown or appropriately planted with some turf for maintenance. When the area is large, horizontal ditches can be dug, turf and small shrubs with strong root systems and strong soil fixation ability can be planted to form a green belt. However, it is difficult for grasses and trees to grow on steep slopes mainly composed of rock, and the ecological nature of slope protection cannot be achieved. Moreover, most of the existing protection technologies for steep slope rolling objects require high-altitude operations, which are time-consuming, laborious, and costly. Field inspections often find many construction quality problems such as the failure of the protection net anchor and the lack of tightness against the slope, presenting the problem that steep slope rolling objects are difficult to guard against, and may pose a hazard to the roads, railways, or river passages below the steep slope.

[0003] The problem of ecological slope protection has always been a major technical problem to be solved in slope engineering. Generally, for cutting slopes, active nets or shotcrete are used to protect hard rock slopes, and planting troughs are built on the debris platforms of the cutting slopes to plant climbing plants for greening. At present, some mature ecological processes, such as shotcrete planting, three-dimensional vegetation nets, and grid grass planting, are only applicable to rock slopes with a slope ratio less than 1:0.75. Another new ecological slope protection technology invented for high-steep slopes, such as vegetation concrete technology and planting trough method, has various limitations in practice and cannot be widely applied.

[0004] At present, there are almost no three-dimensional ecological protection measures that can take into account both green ecological slope protection and the interception of slope rolling objects. Although the shelter forest technology at the foot of the slope can achieve ecological slope protection and the protection of highway slope rolling objects, it is generally required that the slope of the slope should be gentler than 1:1.5. However, the general slope engineering gradient is much greater than 1:1.5 (i.e., the slope angle is about 30 degrees). Especially in the field of highway traffic, generally only planting at the foot of the slope is allowed. Therefore, there is an urgent need to invent a new technology that integrates the functions of slope protection grids and ecological environment protection for the three-dimensional ecological protection of steep slope rolling objects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for three-dimensional ecological protection of steep slope rolling objects using fresh tree frame grids in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. This method can simultaneously achieve the protection of slope rolling objects and ecological slope protection, and is easy to construct with high engineering safety.

[0006] The present invention is proposed based on the support of the key project of the joint fund of the National Natural Science Foundation and the key science and technology project of the Guangxi transportation industry.

[0007] The method for three-dimensional ecological protection of steep slope rolling objects provided by the present invention includes the following contents:

[0008] (1) Bury a row of vertical anchor rods at equal intervals along the foot of the steep slope. The position of the anchor rods relative to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope is in the direction from the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope to above the slope surface; dig planting pits at certain intervals along the foot of the slope direction between the anchor rods and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope.

[0009] (2) Place a type B planting box in each planting pit, and connect the internal space of the planting box with the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope with a section of pipeline to absorb rainwater into the planting box.

[0010] (3) Place a number of cushion blocks at equal intervals along the slope-facing side of the anchor rod. Starting from the cushion blocks, place a number of type A planting boxes in columns along the slope upwards in sequence to form a number of planting belts composed of type A planting boxes; the shape, size and placement position of the cushion blocks should ensure that the first type A planting box at the foot of the slope can closely adhere to the slope surface and lean on the anchor rod at the foot of the slope; the anchor rod, cushion block and type B planting box jointly balance the downward sliding force transmitted by the type A planting boxes on the slope surface.

[0011] (4) The type A planting box is provided with an opening on the same side facing the air and the top is open; between every two adjacent planting belts in the transverse direction of the slope surface, a slope water intercepting plate is fixed horizontally at the lower edge of the openings of two type A planting boxes at the same height, for intercepting and collecting the rainfall runoff on the slope surface and flowing into the type A planting box from the opening.

[0012] (5) Horizontally implant arbors through the top opening and side opening of the type-A planting boxes, with the main trunks of the arbors lying horizontally on the slope; vertically implant arbors in the type-B planting boxes at the foot of the slope.

[0013] (6) Corresponding to each column of type-A planting boxes, bury anchor rods at the top of the slope. Fix one end of the steel wire cable on the anchor rod at the top of the slope, pull it tightly along the slope to bind the type-A planting boxes on the slope, and then fix the other end on the anchor rod at the foot of the slope to prevent the type-A planting boxes on the slope from tipping over and sliding.

[0014] In the above method, further, when placing several type-A planting boxes against the slope surface in step (3), it is preferably to place two type-A planting boxes side by side at the same slope height to form a planting belt composed of two side-by-side columns of type-A planting boxes. In this solution, preferably, openings for horizontally implanting arbors are provided on the side facing the air of both columns of type-A planting boxes; when implanting arbors, make two arbors facing each other on the slope incline upward at a certain angle to meet the requirements of plant growth potential, so that the main trunks of the two arbors form a cross grid on the slope. In this way, the living tree frame is denser, which can improve the protection ability against rolling objects.

[0015] In the above method, further, two steel wire cables are correspondingly arranged for each column of planting belts in step (6), and two anchor rods are correspondingly arranged at the foot of the slope to improve the fixing effect on the type-A planting boxes. Preferably, the two steel wire cables are symmetrically bound to the entire column of planting belts from left to right to prevent the type-A planting boxes from tipping over.

[0016] In the above method, further, after implanting arbors, a retaining plate is arranged on the inner side wall of the opening of the type-A planting box to avoid soil and water loss in the planting box.

[0017] In the above method, further, when horizontally planting arbors in the type-A planting boxes on the slope and vertically planting arbors in the type-B planting boxes, the surface of the filled planting soil is reserved with a depth of about 5 cm from the top opening of the planting box for rainwater accumulation and storage, and the surface of the filled soil is covered with low-growing turf to reduce evaporation.

[0018] In the above method, further, a horizontally movable water tank is arranged at the top of the slope at the top of each planting belt, and a drip irrigation belt is pulled down along the slope from the water tank. In the dry season, use a water truck to transport water to the movable water tank, and use gravity self-flow to drip irrigate the arbors in each column of type-A planting boxes. The setting of the horizontally movable water tank enables the slope surface not to require a water tank corresponding to each column of planting boxes, saving engineering costs.

[0019] In the above method, further, the arbors horizontally planted in the type-A planting boxes can be fast-growing forest tree species with straight growth trends, such as eucalyptus and metasequoia; in the type-B planting boxes, landscape tree species are preferably vertically planted, such as Sabina chinensis cv. Pyramidalis, with a height of 160 - 180 cm and a crown width of 110 - 120 cm.

[0020] In the above method, further, the opening on the side of the type-A planting box on the slope surface is a rectangular opening, which longitudinally penetrates the top of this side, so as to facilitate the placement of the root ball and the main trunk when horizontally implanting arbors.

[0021] In the above method, further, a round hole is opened in the middle of the side wall of the type-B planting box at the foot of the slope near the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope. The diameter of the round hole matches a section of pipeline that connects the internal space of the planting box and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope. The pipeline can be selected as a PVC pipe section.

[0022] In the above method, further, the arbors lying horizontally on the slope surface can be cut down after growing for about 3 to 5 years. After cutting and transporting, new saplings can be horizontally implanted. After cutting down the adult arbors, two sliding poles are placed along the slope direction on the type-A planting box on the slope surface, and the wood can be rolled and transported to the ground, realizing economic benefits.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The method of the present invention makes full use of the main trunk of the arbor plants growing horizontally on the slope surface as a natural lattice beam, and the secondary branches as a network for slope protection. It integrates the functions of slope protection grid and ecological environment protection. The arbors grow naturally, realizing the harmonious coexistence between the ecological slope protection project and nature.

[0025] 2. When it is difficult to vertically plant a shelter forest on the steep slope surface, the method of the present invention cleverly crosses the arbor plants horizontally on the slope surface to form a vivid forest lattice, which not only plays the role of engineering protection, but also can realize economic benefits by using the wood.

[0026] 3. The method of the present invention makes use of the ingenious hole opening and connection design of the planting box to fully collect and utilize the rainfall runoff on the slope surface and the rainfall runoff on the road surface, and supply the water required for the maintenance of the arbors planted horizontally on the slope surface and the arbors planted vertically at the foot of the slope.

[0027] 4. The method of the present invention uses the planting box to form a stepped footpath on the slope surface, which facilitates manual climbing operation and manual maintenance in the dry season. Compared with the traditional SNS flexible protection net, it does not require high-altitude operation by setting up a scaffold, saving labor, time and money; it can also be used as a sliding pole channel on the slope surface to roll and transport the cut wood to the ground. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the ecological protection steep slope rolling object lattice formed by the vivid forest lying horizontally on the slope surface in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional ecological protection structure of the vivid forest lattice formed by the method of the present invention combined with the shelter forest at the foot of the slope and the collection and utilization of rainwater runoff.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of horizontally implanting arbors and their corresponding slope water intercepting plates around the A-type planting box in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram that the rainfall runoff on the road surface in the embodiment of the present invention converges into the slope foot drainage ditch and further injects into the slope foot planting box.

[0032] Figure 5 It is: (a) a schematic diagram that the slope water intercepting plate intercepts the slope rainfall runoff and introduces it into the slope planting box; (b) a sectional view of the slope water intercepting plate in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Wherein, 1-steep slope, 2-1-anchor bolt, 2-2-pad, 3-planting pit, 4-B-type planting box, 5-A-type planting box, 6-slope water intercepting plate, 7-1-root soil ball of the horizontally lying arbor on the slope, 7-2-trunk of the horizontally lying arbor on the slope, 8-retaining plate, 9-planting soil, 10-vertical landscape arbor at the slope foot, 10-1-root soil ball of the vertical landscape arbor at the slope foot, 11-slope foot drainage ditch, 12-slope rainfall runoff, 13-road surface runoff, 14-road surface, 15-PVC pipe section, 16-steel wire cable. Specific implementation manners

[0034] The present invention will be further described below through embodiments. It is necessary to point out that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention according to the above-mentioned invention content for specific implementation, which still belong to the protection scope of the invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] The method for using a living tree frame three-dimensional ecological protection for steep slope rolling objects provided in this embodiment includes the following contents:

[0037] (1) Bury a row of upright anchor bolts 2-1 at equal intervals at the slope foot of the steep slope. The position of the anchor bolts relative to the slope foot drainage ditch 11 is in the direction from the slope foot drainage ditch to above the slope surface; between each anchor bolt and the slope foot drainage ditch, dig planting pits 3 at certain intervals along the slope foot direction.

[0038] (2) Place the B-type planting box 4 in each planting pit. A circular hole is opened in the middle of the side wall of the B-type planting box adjacent to the slope foot drainage ditch. The aperture of the circular hole matches a section of pipe that connects the internal space of the planting box and the slope foot drainage ditch. The pipe can be selected as a PVC pipe section. The internal space of the planting box is connected to the slope foot drainage ditch through the PVC pipe section to absorb rainwater into the planting box.

[0039] (3) Place the spacer block 2-2 against the anchor rod on the side of the slope facing the anchor rod, and place a row of type A planter boxes 5 along the slope upwards from the spacer block in a manner that they gradually approach each other along the slope surface, forming several planting belts composed of type A planter boxes; the shape, size, and placement position of the spacer block should be such that the first type A planter box at the toe of the slope can closely adhere to the slope surface and lean against the anchor rod at the toe of the slope; the anchor rod, spacer block, and type B planter box jointly balance the downward sliding force transmitted by the type A planter boxes on the slope surface.

[0040] (4) The top of the type A planter box is open, and an opening is provided on the same side facing the air (the side along the slope direction). The opening is rectangular and longitudinally penetrates the top of this side, so as to facilitate the placement of the root soil ball and the trunk when the arbor is horizontally implanted. Between every two adjacent planting belts in the transverse direction of the slope surface, at the lower edges of the openings of two type A planter boxes corresponding to the same horizontal height, fix a transverse slope water intercepting plate 6, which is used to intercept and collect the rainfall runoff 12 on the slope surface and flow into the type A planter box from the opening.

[0041] (5) Horizontally implant the arbor from the top open mouth and the side opening of the type A planter box, so that the trunk of the arbor lies horizontally on the slope surface. A retaining plate 8 is provided on the inner side wall of the opening of the type A planter box to prevent soil and water loss in the box. Plant landscape arbors in the type B planter boxes at the toe of the slope. When planting arbors in the type A planter boxes and type B planter boxes, a depth of about 5 cm is reserved from the surface of the planted soil 9 to the top opening of the planter box for rainwater accumulation and storage, and low-growing turf for reducing evaporation is laid on the surface of the filled soil. The arbors planted in the type A planter boxes on the slope surface are selected from fast-growing forest tree species with straight growth trends, such as eucalyptus and metasequoia, etc.; the arbors planted in the type B planter boxes at the toe of the slope are landscape tree species, such as Sabina chinensis cv. Pyramidalis, etc., with a height of 160 - 180 cm and a crown width of 110 - 120 cm.

[0042] (6) Corresponding to each row of type A planter boxes, bury anchor rods at the top of the slope. Fix one end of the steel wire cable 16 to the anchor rod at the top of the slope, pull it tightly along the slope surface to bind the type A planter boxes on the slope surface, and then fix the other end to the anchor rod at the toe of the slope to prevent the type A planter boxes on the slope surface from overturning and sliding.

[0043] As a specific implementation method of this embodiment, a horizontally movable water tank is provided at the top of the slope at the top of each row of type A planter boxes, and a drip irrigation belt is pulled down along the planting belt from the water tank. This facilitates the use of a water transport vehicle to transport water to the horizontally movable water tank at the top of the slope during the dry season, and use the gravity of the self-flowing water to drip-irrigate the arbors in each row of type A planter boxes.

[0044] Under the method of this embodiment, the arbors lying horizontally on the slope surface can be cut down after growing for about 3 - 5 years, and new saplings can be implanted after cutting and transporting. After cutting down the adult arbors, place two sliding poles along the slope direction on the type A planter boxes on the slope surface, and the wood can roll down and be transported to the ground, realizing economic benefits.

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are as follows: In step (1), a pair of vertical anchor rods are buried at equal intervals at the toe of the steep slope, and planting pits are excavated between each pair of anchor rods and the drain ditch at the toe of the slope. When placing a number of Type A planting boxes on the slope surface in step (3), two Type A planting boxes are placed at the same slope height to form a planting belt composed of two juxtaposed columns of Type A planting boxes; openings for horizontally implanting arbors are provided on the side of each of the two Type A planting boxes facing the air. When horizontally implanting arbors, the two arbors facing each other on the slope are inclined upward at a certain angle to meet the requirements of the growth potential of the plants, so that the main trunks of the two arbors form an intersecting grid on the slope surface. In this way, the fresh forestry grids are denser, and the ability to protect against rolling objects can be improved. In step (6), two steel wire ropes are provided corresponding to each column of the planting belt, and the steel wire ropes are symmetrically bound to the entire column of the planting belt on the left and right to prevent the Type A planting boxes from tipping over and being damaged.

Claims

1. A method for using living tree frames for three-dimensional ecological protection of steep slopes against rolling objects, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Bury a row of vertical anchor rods at equal intervals along the foot of the steep slope. The position of the anchor rods relative to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope is in the direction from the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope upwards towards the slope surface; at certain intervals along the slope foot direction between the anchor rods and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope, dig planting pits; (2) Place a type-B planting box in each planting pit correspondingly, and connect the internal space of the planting box with the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope through a section of pipeline to absorb rainwater into the planting box; (3) Place a number of cushion blocks at equal intervals along the side of the anchor rod facing the slope surface. Starting from the cushion blocks, place a number of type-A planting boxes in rows along the slope upwards in sequence to form a number of planting belts composed of type-A planting boxes; the shape, size and placement position of the cushion blocks should be such that the first type-A planting box at the foot of the slope can closely adhere to the slope surface and lean on the anchor rod at the foot of the slope; the anchor rod, cushion blocks and type-B planting box jointly balance the sliding force transmitted by the type-A planting boxes on the slope surface; (4) The type-A planting box is provided with an opening on the same side facing the air and the top is open; between every two adjacent planting belts in the transverse direction of the slope surface, corresponding to the lower edges of the openings of two type-A planting boxes at the same height, horizontally fix a slope surface water intercepting plate to intercept and collect the rainfall runoff on the slope surface and let it flow into the type-A planting box from the opening; (5) Horizontally implant arbors from the top opening and side opening of the type-A planting box, so that the main trunk of the arbor lies horizontally on the slope surface; vertically implant arbors in the type-B planting boxes at the foot of the slope; (6) Corresponding to each row of type-A planting boxes, bury anchor rods at the top of the slope. Fix one end of the steel wire cable on the anchor rod at the top of the slope, pull it tightly along the slope surface to bind the type-A planting boxes on the slope surface, and then fix the other end on the anchor rod at the foot of the slope to prevent the type-A planting boxes on the slope surface from tipping and sliding and being damaged.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein When placing a number of type-A planting boxes along the slope surface in step (3), place two type-A planting boxes side by side at the same slope surface height to form a planting belt composed of two side-by-side rows of type-A planting boxes.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both sides of the two rows of type-A planting boxes facing the air are provided with openings for horizontally implanting arbors; when horizontally implanting arbors, make two arbors facing each other on the slope surface incline upwards at a certain angle to meet the requirements of the growth potential of the plants, so that the main trunks of the two arbors form an intersecting grid on the slope surface.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that After horizontally implanting arbors, set retaining plates on the inner side walls of the openings of the type-A planting boxes to prevent soil erosion in the planting boxes.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that When horizontally planting arbors in the type-A planting boxes on the slope surface and vertically planting arbors in the type-B planting boxes at the foot of the slope, a depth of 5 cm is reserved from the surface of the filled soil at the top of the planting box to the top opening of the planting box for rainwater accumulation and storage, and low-growing turf for reducing evaporation is paved on the surface of the filled soil.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Set a horizontally movable water tank at the top of the slope at the top of each planting belt, pull a drip irrigation belt down the slope along the planting belt from the water tank, and use a water transport vehicle to transport water into the movable water tank during the dry season, and use gravity self-flow to drip irrigate the arbors in each row of type-A planting boxes.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The arbors horizontally planted in the type-A planting boxes on the slope surface are fast-growing forest tree species with straight growth trends, such as eucalyptus or metasequoia; the landscape tree species, Chinese juniper, are vertically planted in the type-B planting boxes at the foot of the slope.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The opening on the side of the type-A planting box on the slope surface is a rectangular opening and longitudinally penetrates the top of this side, so as to facilitate the putting in of the root soil ball and the main trunk when horizontally implanting arbors.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that A circular hole is opened in the middle of the side wall of the B-type planter near the foot of the slope, and the diameter of the circular hole matches that of a section of pipeline connecting the internal space of the planter and the drain ditch at the foot of the slope.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Two steel wire ropes are correspondingly arranged in each planting belt in step (6), and two anchor rods are correspondingly arranged at the top and bottom of the slope.

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