Fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, heat dissipation system and fuel cell assembly

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of fuel cell heat dissipation technology, and discloses a fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, a heat dissipation system, and a fuel cell assembly. A first top spray nozzle sprays water mist from top to bottom between two heat dissipation units. A second top spray nozzle sprays water mist from top to bottom towards the upstream side of the heat dissipation unit. A bottom spray nozzle sprays water mist from bottom to top between the two heat dissipation units. A cooling fan moves the water mist along the airflow direction, ensuring full contact between the water mist, air, and heat dissipation components. The evaporation of the water mist and the airflow carry away the heat from the heat dissipation components, improving the heat dissipation effect. Furthermore, the fuel cell heat dissipation spray device has a high degree of integration and occupies little space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, heat dissipation system, and fuel cell assembly. Background Technology

[0002] The hydrogen fuel cell stack generates a lot of heat during operation. In order to ensure the normal operation of the stack, it is equipped with a heat dissipation device, which includes a radiator and a fan. The high-temperature coolant discharged from the stack is sent to the radiator, and the fan works to cool the radiator. After the coolant in the radiator is cooled down, it becomes a low-temperature coolant, which is then returned to the stack.

[0003] To improve heat dissipation, existing technologies propose spraying water mist onto the heat exchanger while simultaneously cooling the radiator with air, using the water mist to carry away heat from the radiator surface. However, the above structure suffers from problems such as unreasonable layout, insignificant increase in cooling effect when using water mist and air cooling, and large space occupation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fuel cell heat dissipation spray device to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, heat dissipation system and fuel cell assembly, which can improve the cooling effect of heat dissipation components and reduce the space occupied.

[0006] To achieve this objective, firstly, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A fuel cell heat dissipation spray device includes:

[0008] A heat dissipation assembly having an upstream side and a downstream side disposed opposite to each other along the airflow direction; the heat dissipation assembly includes two heat dissipation units, which are spaced apart along the airflow direction.

[0009] A cooling fan is used to direct airflow from the upstream side to the downstream side;

[0010] The heat dissipation atomizing unit includes two top spray pipes located at the top of the heat dissipation unit and a bottom spray pipe located at the bottom of the heat dissipation unit; a first top spray nozzle is installed on one of the top spray pipes, and a second top spray nozzle is installed on the other top spray pipe. The first top spray nozzle is used to spray water mist from top to bottom between the two heat dissipation units, and the second top spray nozzle is used to spray water mist from top to bottom towards the upstream side of the heat dissipation unit; a bottom spray nozzle is installed on the bottom spray pipe for spraying water mist from bottom to top between the two heat dissipation units.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution for the aforementioned fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, one of the two heat dissipation units is a crossflow heat sink and the other is a longitudinal flow heat sink.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution for the above-mentioned fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, the two heat dissipation units are arranged in parallel or in series.

[0013] When two heat dissipation units are connected in parallel, the heat dissipation assembly further includes a flow distribution unit for distributing the flow between the two heat dissipation units.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, the heat dissipation atomization unit further includes a top jet pipe, on which a top jet head is installed;

[0015] The top jet nozzle is used to spray high-pressure gas around the nozzle of the first top spray nozzle and / or the second top spray nozzle, or the first top spray nozzle and / or the second top spray nozzle are provided with an atomizing channel and an air intake, one end of the air intake being connected to the atomizing channel and the other end being connected to the spray end of the top jet nozzle.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, the top nozzle includes a first top spray head and a second top spray head, the top spray pipe is located between the two top spray pipes, and the top spray pipe is provided with a first top spray head corresponding to the first top spray head and a second top spray head corresponding to the second top spray head.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, the heat dissipation atomization unit further includes a bottom jet pipe, and a bottom jet head is provided on the bottom jet pipe;

[0018] The bottom jet head is used to spray high-pressure gas around the nozzle of the bottom spray nozzle, or the bottom spray nozzle is provided with an atomizing channel and an air intake, one end of the air intake is connected to the atomizing channel, and the other end is connected to the spray end of the bottom jet head.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, a plurality of first top spray nozzles and a plurality of second top spray nozzles are arranged facing each other in the airflow direction, and the first top spray nozzles and the second top spray nozzles arranged facing each other are inclined at both ends of the axial direction of the top spray pipe relative to the top spray pipe.

[0020] Multiple second top spray nozzles and multiple bottom spray nozzles are arranged facing each other in the airflow direction. The bottom spray pipes and the top spray pipes are arranged in parallel. The second top spray nozzles and the bottom spray nozzles arranged facing each other are inclined to opposite sides of the axial direction of the top spray pipes, respectively; or,

[0021] Multiple first top spray nozzles and multiple second top spray nozzles are offset along the axial direction of the top spray pipe; the bottom spray pipe is arranged parallel to the top spray pipe, and multiple second top spray nozzles and multiple bottom spray nozzles are offset along the axial direction of the top spray pipe.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, the first top spray nozzle, the second top spray nozzle and the bottom spray nozzle are all fan-shaped nozzles;

[0023] The heat dissipation atomization unit also includes a main water pipe, and the top spray pipe includes a top spray pipe body and a top spray connecting section. The top spray pipe body is connected to the upper end of the main water pipe through the top spray connecting section. The top spray connecting section is set at an obtuse angle to the top spray pipe body and is inclined downward. One end of the top spray connecting section connected to the top spray pipe body located between the two heat dissipation units is inclined to the downstream side, and the other end of the top spray connecting section connected to the top spray pipe body located on the upstream side is inclined to the side opposite to the downstream side.

[0024] The bottom spray pipe includes a bottom spray pipe body and a bottom spray connecting section. The bottom spray pipe body is connected to the lower end of the main water pipe through the bottom spray connecting section. The bottom spray connecting section is set at an obtuse angle to the bottom spray pipe body and is inclined upward. One end of the bottom spray connecting section connected to the bottom spray pipe body is inclined to the downstream side.

[0025] To achieve the above objectives, in a second aspect, the present invention also provides a fuel cell heat dissipation system, comprising the fuel cell heat dissipation spray device described in any of the above embodiments, and:

[0026] A gas-liquid separator, the inlet of which is used to connect to the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack;

[0027] A water storage tank is used to hold the liquid water separated by the gas-liquid separator.

[0028] A spray water pump is provided, and the water storage tank is connected to the top spray pipe and the bottom spray pipe of the heat dissipation atomizing unit through the spray water pump.

[0029] A heat exchanger is used to heat the water in the water storage tank.

[0030] In order to achieve the above objectives, in a third aspect, the present invention also provides a fuel cell assembly including the aforementioned fuel cell heat dissipation system.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, heat dissipation system, and fuel cell assembly provided by this invention distribute two heat dissipation units at intervals along the airflow direction. A first top spray nozzle sprays water mist from top to bottom between the two heat dissipation units, a second top spray nozzle sprays water mist from top to bottom towards the upstream side of the heat dissipation unit, and a bottom spray nozzle sprays water mist from bottom to top between adjacent heat dissipation units. Because the cooling fan circulates air from the upstream side to the downstream side, the water mist is moved along the airflow direction by the airflow. Furthermore, the spraying of the water mist also has a turbulent effect on the airflow, ensuring full contact between the water mist, air, and heat dissipation components. The evaporation of the water mist and the airflow carry away the heat from the heat dissipation components, greatly improving the heat dissipation effect. Moreover, the fuel cell heat dissipation spray device has a high degree of integration and occupies little space. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first fuel cell heat dissipation system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first fuel cell heat dissipation spray device provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0036] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second fuel cell heat dissipation system provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of fuel cell heat dissipation spray device provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 yes Figure 6A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle;

[0040] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point D in the middle;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the third fuel cell heat dissipation system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth fuel cell heat dissipation system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a comparison chart of the evaporation before and after spraying at different spray water temperatures when using the fuel cell heat dissipation system provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] In the picture:

[0045] 100. Air-water separator; 200. Heat dissipation assembly; 201. Heat dissipation unit; 300. Water storage tank; 400. Cooling fan;

[0046] 500. Heat dissipation atomization unit; 501. Top spray pipe; 5011. Top spray connection section; 5012. Top spray pipe body; 502. First top spray nozzle; 503. Second top spray nozzle; 504. Top air jet pipe; 5041. Bottom spray connection section; 5042. Bottom spray pipe body; 505. First top air jet head; 506. Second top air jet head; 507. Bottom spray pipe; 508. Bottom spray nozzle; 509. Bottom air jet pipe; 510. Bottom air jet head;

[0047] 600. Spray water pump; 700. Heat exchanger; 800. Silencer; 900. Coolant control valve; 1000. Air tank; 1001. Heat dissipation atomizing jet valve; 1002. Filter unit; 1003. Drainage atomizing unit; 1004. Low-temperature drainage atomizing valve; 1005. Low-temperature drainage jet valve; 1006. Drain valve; 1007. Heat dissipation atomizing control valve; 1008. Electric heating unit; 1009. Fuel cell stack; 1010. Pressure reducing valve; 1011. Self-priming pump; 1012. Drain valve assembly; 1013. Liquid level detection unit. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0049] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0051] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a fuel cell heat dissipation system and a fuel cell assembly. The fuel cell assembly includes a fuel cell stack 1009 and a fuel cell heat dissipation system. The fuel cell heat dissipation system is used to dissipate heat from the fuel cell stack 1009 to ensure that the fuel cell stack 1009 operates normally.

[0053] The fuel cell cooling system includes a fuel cell cooling spray device, a gas-water separator 100, a water storage tank 300, and a spray water pump 600. The fuel cell cooling spray device includes a cooling component 200, a cooling fan 400, and a cooling atomizing unit 500. The medium inlet of the cooling component 200 is connected to the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009, and the medium outlet of the cooling component 200 is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1009.

[0054] The heat dissipation assembly 200 has an upstream side and a downstream side arranged opposite to each other. The cooling fan 400 enables airflow from the upstream side to the downstream side. The fluid inlet of the gas-water separator 100 is used to connect to the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack 1009. The water storage tank 300 is used to hold the liquid water separated by the gas-water separator 100. The water storage tank 300 is connected to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 through the spray water pump 600. The heat dissipation atomization unit 500 is used to atomize the water provided by the spray water pump 600 and spray the atomized water mist onto the heat dissipation assembly 200.

[0055] It should be noted that the heat dissipation component 200 has multiple stacked heat dissipation fins, and an airflow channel is formed between two adjacent heat dissipation fins. The airflow direction in the airflow channel is from the upstream side to the downstream side.

[0056] In the fuel cell cooling system provided in this embodiment, the high-temperature coolant discharged from the fuel cell stack 1009 enters the cooling component 200, and the cooling fan 400 cools the cooling component 200 by air cooling, so that the coolant in the cooling component 200 is cooled down and then flows back into the fuel cell stack 1009 to cool the fuel cell stack 1009. A water-water separator 100 separates the water-air mixture discharged from the fuel cell stack 1009. The water separated by the water-water separator 100 is stored in a water storage tank 300. If the cooling fan 400 cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements of the heat dissipation component 200, while the cooling fan 400 is providing air cooling to the heat dissipation component 200, a spray water pump 600 is controlled to send water from the water storage tank 300 to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500. The heat dissipation atomization unit 500 atomizes the water supplied by the spray water pump 600 into a water mist and sprays it onto the surface of the heat dissipation component 200. The water mist absorbs the heat emitted by the heat dissipation component 200. Furthermore, the cooling fan 400 enhances air circulation around the heat dissipation component 200, which is beneficial for the evaporation of the water mist and the removal of heat from the heat dissipation component 200, thus improving the cooling effect of the heat dissipation component 200. In addition, the cooling fan 400 directs airflow from the upstream side to the downstream side, allowing the water mist to flow from the upstream side to the downstream side under the action of the airflow, further improving the cooling effect of the heat dissipation component 200.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the heat dissipation assembly 200 includes two heat dissipation units 201, which are spaced apart along the airflow direction. The heat dissipation atomizing unit 500 includes two top spray pipes 501 located at the top of the heat dissipation units 201 and a bottom spray pipe 507 located at the bottom of the heat dissipation units 201. A first top spray nozzle 502 is installed on one of the top spray pipes 501, and a second top spray nozzle 503 is installed on the other top spray pipe 501. The first top spray nozzle 502 is used to spray water mist between the two heat dissipation units 201, and the second top spray nozzle 503 is used to spray water mist upstream of the heat dissipation assembly 200. A bottom spray nozzle 508 is installed on the bottom spray pipe 507 for spraying water mist between the two heat dissipation units 201 from bottom to top.

[0058] The spray pump 600 delivers water from the tank to the bottom spray pipe 507 and two top spray pipes 501. The first top spray nozzle 502 sprays water mist from top to bottom between the two heat dissipation units 201, the second top spray nozzle 503 sprays water mist from top to bottom towards the upstream side of the heat dissipation unit 201, and the bottom spray nozzle 508 sprays water mist from bottom to top between the two heat dissipation units 201. Because the cooling fan 400 circulates air from upstream to downstream, the water mist moves along the airflow direction under the influence of the air. Furthermore, the spraying of the water mist also turbulents the airflow, ensuring full contact between the water mist, air, and heat dissipation components 200. The evaporation of the water mist and the airflow carry away the heat from the heat dissipation components 200, greatly improving the heat dissipation effect. Moreover, the fuel cell heat dissipation spray device has a high degree of integration and occupies little space.

[0059] For example, multiple first top spray nozzles 502 are provided, and the multiple first top spray nozzles 502 are distributed circumferentially along the top spray pipe 501. Multiple second top spray nozzles 503 are provided, and the multiple second top spray nozzles 503 are distributed circumferentially along the top spray pipe 501. Multiple bottom spray nozzles 508 are provided, and the multiple bottom spray nozzles 508 are distributed circumferentially along the top spray pipe 501, so that the water mist can cover the entire heat dissipation component 200, thereby allowing the water mist to fully contact the heat dissipation component 200 and improving the cooling effect on the heat dissipation component 200.

[0060] In some embodiments, one of the two heat dissipation units 201 is a crossflow heat sink, and the other is a longitudinal flow heat sink. Exemplarily, the crossflow heat sink is located upstream of the longitudinal flow heat sink along the airflow direction. This design prevents the upstream heat dissipation unit 201 from blocking the downstream heat dissipation unit 201, improving the heat dissipation effect of air and water mist on the downstream heat dissipation unit 201. In other embodiments, both heat dissipation units 201 may be crossflow heat sinks or both may be longitudinal flow heat sinks, but it is necessary to ensure that the airflow channels of the two heat dissipation units 201 are staggered to prevent the upstream heat dissipation unit 201 from blocking the downstream heat dissipation unit 201.

[0061] It should be noted that the heat dissipation fins of a crossflow radiator are arranged horizontally, while the heat dissipation fins of a longitudinal flow radiator are arranged vertically.

[0062] In some embodiments, two heat dissipation units 201 are connected in parallel. Specifically, along the airflow direction, the inlet of the upstream heat dissipation unit 201 and the inlet of the downstream heat dissipation unit 201 merge to form the medium inlet of the heat dissipation assembly 200, and the outlet of the upstream heat dissipation unit 201 and the outlet of the downstream heat dissipation unit 201 merge to form the medium outlet of the heat dissipation assembly 200.

[0063] Optionally, when the two heat dissipation units 201 are connected in parallel, the heat dissipation assembly 200 also includes a flow distribution unit for distributing the flow between the two heat dissipation units 201 to meet heat dissipation requirements. Specifically, the flow distribution unit can be a flow regulating valve. For example, a flow regulating valve can be installed at the inlet of one of the heat dissipation units 201. Given a fixed total flow rate, adjusting the opening of the flow regulating valve can distribute the flow entering the two heat dissipation units 201. It should be noted that the flow distribution unit is not limited to using a flow regulating valve; throttling structures or similar mechanisms can also be installed within the two heat dissipation units 201 to achieve a fixed-rate distribution of the flow entering the two heat dissipation units 201.

[0064] In some other embodiments, the two heat dissipation units 201 can be connected in series. Specifically, along the airflow direction, the outlet of the upstream heat dissipation unit 201 and the inlet of the downstream heat dissipation unit 201 are connected, the inlet of the upstream heat dissipation unit 201 forms the medium inlet of the heat dissipation assembly 200, and the outlet of the downstream heat dissipation unit 201 forms the heat dissipation medium outlet.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple first top spray nozzles 502 and multiple second top spray nozzles 503 are arranged facing each other in the airflow direction, and the first top spray nozzles 502 and second top spray nozzles 503 arranged facing each other are inclined at their respective axial ends relative to the top spray pipe 501. This is particularly suitable for... Figure 1The design shown is without jet nozzles. This design avoids the water mist sprayed by the first top spray nozzle 502 and the water mist sprayed by multiple second top spray nozzles 503 from colliding and forming large water droplets. This is beneficial for the water mist to absorb heat from the surface of the heat dissipation component 200 and evaporate, and also helps to improve the turbulence effect when the sprayed water mist mixes with the air, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the heat dissipation component 200.

[0066] It should be noted that multiple first top spray nozzles 502 and multiple second top spray nozzles 503 can also be staggered along the axial direction of the top spray pipe 501.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple second top spray nozzles 503 and multiple bottom spray nozzles 508 are arranged facing each other in the airflow direction. The bottom spray pipe 507 and the top spray pipe 501 are arranged in parallel. The second top spray nozzles 503 and bottom spray nozzles 508, which are arranged facing each other, are inclined to both sides of the axial direction of the top spray pipe 501 relative to the top spray pipe 501. This is particularly suitable for... Figure 1 The design shown is without jet nozzles. This design avoids the water mist sprayed by the second top spray nozzle 503 colliding with the water mist sprayed by the multiple bottom spray nozzles 508, thus preventing the formation of large water droplets. This facilitates the absorption of heat from the surface of the heat dissipation component 200 by the water mist and also improves the turbulence effect when the sprayed water mist mixes with the air, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the heat dissipation component 200.

[0068] It should be noted that multiple second top spray nozzles 503 and multiple bottom spray nozzles 508 can also be staggered along the axial direction of the top spray pipe 501.

[0069] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the fuel cell cooling system also includes a gas storage tank 1000 and a heat dissipation atomizing jet valve 1001. The gas storage tank 1000 stores high-pressure gas, and is connected to the heat dissipation atomizing unit 500 via the heat dissipation atomizing jet valve 1001. Specifically, the inlet of the heat dissipation atomizing jet valve 1001 is connected to the gas storage tank 1000, and the outlet of the heat dissipation atomizing jet valve 1001 is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation atomizing unit 500. For example, the high-pressure gas stored in the gas storage tank 1000 is compressed air.

[0070] When this fuel cell cooling system is used in a vehicle, an air compression unit, such as an air pump or air compressor, can be configured to compress air and store it in the air tank 1000. Specifically, the cooling atomizing unit 500 can be constructed by adding an air inlet for introducing high-pressure air to the structure of a conventional atomizing nozzle. The air inlet is connected to the atomizing channel of the atomizing nozzle. By introducing high-pressure gas into the atomizing channel through the air inlet, the atomization effect of the cooling atomizing unit 500 can be enhanced. This not only improves air circulation but also facilitates the evaporation of water mist, thereby preventing the formation of water droplets on the radiator surface. In other embodiments, the cooling atomizing jet valve 1001 can be connected to the jet head. The jet head is used to spray high-pressure gas around the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle, using the high-pressure gas to perform secondary atomization on the freshly sprayed water mist, which further facilitates the evaporation of the water mist.

[0071] Optionally, the fuel cell cooling system further includes a pressure reducing valve 1010 to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure gas supplied from the gas storage tank 1000 to the cooling atomizing unit 500. Exemplarily, the pressure reducing valve 1010 is a solenoid valve.

[0072] Optionally, such as Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 also includes a top jet pipe 504 located between the two top spray pipes 501. The first top spray nozzle 502 and / or the second top spray nozzle 503 are provided with an atomization channel and an air intake. One end of the air intake is connected to the atomization channel, and the other end is connected to the spray end of the top jet nozzle. The high-pressure gas ejected from the top jet nozzle is sent into the atomization channel, which improves the atomization effect of the first top spray nozzle 502 and the second top spray nozzle 503, which facilitates the evaporation of water mist and prevents water mist from forming water droplets on the surface of the heat dissipation component 200.

[0073] In some other embodiments, the top jet head is used to spray high-pressure gas around the nozzles of the first top spray nozzle 502 and the second top spray nozzle 503. Using high-pressure gas to atomize the water mist just sprayed from the first top spray nozzle 502 and the second top spray nozzle 503 further facilitates the evaporation of the water mist.

[0074] Optionally, the top nozzle includes a first top spray head 505 and a second top spray head 506. A top spray duct 504 is located between the two top spray ducts 501. The top spray duct 504 is equipped with a first top spray head 505 corresponding to the first top spray head 502 and a second top spray head 506 corresponding to the second top spray head 503. High-pressure gas is simultaneously supplied to the first top spray head 505 and the second top spray head 506 through the top spray duct 504, reducing the number of top spray ducts 504, improving the integration level of the fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, and reducing the space occupied by the fuel cell heat dissipation spray device.

[0075] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation atomizing unit 500 further includes a bottom jet pipe 509, on which a bottom jet head 510 is provided; the bottom spray nozzle 508 is provided with an atomization channel and an air intake, one end of the air intake being connected to the atomization channel and the other end being connected to the spray end of the bottom jet head 510. The high-pressure gas ejected from the bottom jet head 510 is sent into the atomization channel, improving the atomization effect of the bottom spray nozzle 508, which facilitates the evaporation of water mist and prevents water mist from forming water droplets on the surface of the heat dissipation component 200.

[0076] In some other embodiments, the bottom jet nozzle 510 is used to spray high-pressure gas around the nozzle of the bottom spray nozzle 508. Using high-pressure gas to atomize the water mist just sprayed from the bottom spray nozzle 508 further facilitates the evaporation of the water mist.

[0077] For example, multiple bottom jet heads 510 are provided, and each of the multiple bottom jet heads 510 corresponds to a multiple bottom spray nozzles 508.

[0078] In some embodiments, the first top spray nozzle 502, the second top spray nozzle 503, and the bottom spray nozzle 508 are all fan-shaped nozzles; the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 also includes a main water pipe 511, and the top spray pipe 501 includes a top spray pipe body 5012 and a top spray connecting section 5011. The top spray pipe body 5012 is connected to the upper end of the main water pipe 511 through the top spray connecting section 5011; the top spray connecting section 5011 is set at an obtuse angle to the top spray pipe body 5012 and is inclined downwards, and the top spray connecting section 5011 is connected to the top spray pipe located between the two heat dissipation units 201. One end of the main body 5012 is inclined downstream, and the end of the top spray connecting section 5011 connected to the top spray pipe main body 5012 located upstream is inclined away from the downstream side; the bottom spray pipe 507 includes a bottom spray pipe main body 5042 and a bottom spray connecting section 5041, the bottom spray pipe main body 5042 is connected to the lower end of the main water pipe 511 through the bottom spray connecting section 5041; the bottom spray connecting section 5041 is set at an obtuse angle to the bottom spray pipe main body 5042 and is inclined upward, and the end of the bottom spray connecting section 5041 connected to the bottom spray pipe main body 5042 is inclined downstream. This design can avoid or reduce the area outside the heat dissipation fins of the heat dissipation assembly 200 by the fan-shaped nozzle.

[0079] In practical applications, it has been found that water mist sprayed onto the surface of the heat dissipation component 200 may accumulate on its outer surface, affecting heat dissipation and thus preventing the cooling effect of the heat dissipation component 200 from reaching the desired level. Therefore, as... Figure 1As shown, the fuel cell cooling system is equipped with a heating component for heating the water in the water tank 300. By heating the water in the water tank 300 using the heating component, the cooling atomizing unit 500 sprays out a higher-temperature water mist. This allows the water mist to absorb heat from the surface of the cooling component 200 and evaporate more easily, preventing the liquid water mist from accumulating on the surface of the cooling component 200, thereby improving the cooling effect on the cooling component 200.

[0080] In some embodiments, the heating component includes a heat exchanger 700, one end of which is connected to the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009, and the other end is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1009. This configuration allows the high-temperature coolant discharged from the fuel cell stack 1009 to heat the water in the water storage tank 300, while simultaneously allowing the low-temperature water in the water storage tank 300 to cool the coolant discharged from the fuel cell stack 1009. It should be noted that the other end of the heat exchanger 700 can also be connected to the medium inlet of the heat dissipation component 200, that is, the coolant after heat exchange with the water in the water storage tank 300 can be sent to the heat dissipation component 200.

[0081] In some embodiments, the heating assembly further includes an electric heating unit 1008 for heating the water in the water storage tank 300. Exemplarily, the electric heating unit 1008 is disposed on the inner bottom wall of the water storage tank 300. The structure of the electric heating unit 1008 can employ existing coil heating structures, etc., and is not specifically limited here.

[0082] In some embodiments, the fuel cell cooling system further includes a heat dissipation atomization control valve 1007 and a coolant temperature detection unit. The spray water pump 600 is connected to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 via the heat dissipation atomization control valve 1007, and the coolant temperature detection unit is used to detect the coolant temperature at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009. Given a fixed maximum power for the cooling fan 400, a higher coolant temperature at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009 places higher demands on the cooling capacity of the cooling fan 400. The decision to activate the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 is based on the coolant temperature at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009. When the coolant temperature at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009 is too high, such that the cooling fan 400 alone cannot meet the cooling requirements of the heat dissipation component 200, the heat dissipation atomization control valve 1007 is opened. Simultaneously, the spray water pump 600 and the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 are controlled to operate. The spray water pump 600 sends water from the water storage tank 300 to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500, where it is atomized into water mist and sprayed onto the heat dissipation component 200, improving the cooling effect of the heat dissipation component 200. When it is determined, based on the coolant temperature at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009, that the cooling fan 400 alone can meet the cooling requirements of the heat dissipation component 200, the heat dissipation atomization control valve 1007 is closed. For example, the heat dissipation atomization control valve 1007 is a solenoid valve. It should be noted that the coolant temperature at the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1009 can also be detected by the coolant temperature detection unit. Based on the detection results of the coolant temperature detection unit, it can be determined whether the coolant after being cooled by the heat dissipation component 200 meets the coolant temperature requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, the heat dissipation atomization control valve 1007 will be opened.

[0083] To determine the effect of the amount of water supplied to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 on the cooling effect of the heat dissipation component 200, spray tests were conducted with different flow rates and different frontal areas of the heat dissipation component 200. The test data are shown in the table below.

[0084]

[0085] Based on the data table above, it is found that as the front area of ​​the heat dissipation component 200 and the amount of sprayed water increase, the heat dissipation increases, but the increase is relatively small, and the proportion of heat of vaporization decreases, i.e., the evaporation rate decreases. The amount of water sent to the spray heat dissipation unit 201 is determined by the front area of ​​the heat dissipation component 200; different heat dissipation components 200 have different front areas, and therefore different amounts of water sent to the spray heat dissipation unit 201. Once the selection of the heat dissipation component 200 is determined, its front area is also determined, and consequently, the amount of water sent to the spray heat dissipation unit 201 is also determined. This can be determined through repeated experiments to find the appropriate amount of water sent to the spray heat dissipation unit 201 for different front areas of the heat dissipation component 200. Therefore, when the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 is operating, there is no need to adjust the amount of water supplied to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500.

[0086] It should be noted that a water temperature detection unit can also be set up to detect the inlet water temperature of the heat dissipation atomization unit 500, so as to detect in real time whether the water temperature delivered to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 is appropriate. For example, the water temperature detection unit is located between the outlet of the spray water pump 600 and the inlet of the heat dissipation atomization control valve 1007. The water temperature detection unit uses a temperature and pressure sensor and can also detect the outlet pressure of the spray water pump 600. The speed of the spray water pump 600 is adjustable, and the speed of the spray water pump 600 can be adjusted according to the water pressure detected by the water temperature detection unit to ensure that the pressure of the water delivered to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 meets the requirements, thereby ensuring that the water mist sprayed by the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 has a certain pressure, which is beneficial to improving the heat exchange effect between the water mist and the heat dissipation component 200.

[0087] In some embodiments, the fuel cell cooling system further includes a coolant control valve 900, and the heat exchanger 700 is connected to the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009 via the coolant control valve 900. When the coolant temperature at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009 is too high, making it difficult for the cooling fan 400 to work alone to meet the cooling requirements of the heat dissipation component 200, the coolant control valve 900 can be opened to allow a portion of the coolant discharged from the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1009 to be sent into the heat exchanger 700 to heat the water in the water storage tank 300, thereby increasing the temperature of the water mist formed by atomization. This makes it easier for the water mist to evaporate after absorbing heat from the surface of the heat dissipation component 200, thus improving the cooling effect of the heat dissipation component 200.

[0088] To determine the effect of water temperature supplied to the heat dissipation atomization unit 500 on the cooling effect of the heat dissipation component 200, spray tests were conducted with spray water temperatures of 25℃ and 77℃, respectively. The test data are shown in the table below. Figure 9 As shown.

[0089]

[0090] Combining the above data tables and Figure 9 It was found that as the spray water temperature increases, the heat dissipation gradually increases. A spray water temperature of 77℃ compared to 25℃ increases heat dissipation by 18%-31%, leading to increased evaporation. Therefore, when using heat exchanger 700 to heat the water in storage tank 300, a flow regulating valve is selected for coolant control valve 900. The opening of coolant control valve 900 is adjusted according to the coolant temperature at the coolant outlet of fuel cell stack 1009. The higher the coolant temperature at the coolant outlet of fuel cell stack 1009, the greater the flow rate of coolant sent to heat exchanger 700, thereby increasing the water temperature in storage tank 300. When using electric heating unit 1008 to heat the water in storage tank 300, the power of electric heating unit 1008 can be adjusted. The higher the power of electric heating unit 1008, the more beneficial it is for heating the water in storage tank 300.

[0091] Because the water storage tank has a limited storage capacity of 300 cubic meters, excess water needs to be drained during low winter temperatures. To prevent water from being directly discharged onto the road surface and causing it to freeze, in some embodiments, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the fuel cell cooling system also includes a liquid level detection unit 1013 and a drainage atomization unit 1003. The liquid level detection unit 1013 is used to detect the liquid level in the water storage tank 300. The inlet of the drainage atomization unit 1003 is connected between the outlet of the spray water pump 600 and the inlet of the cooling atomization unit 500 through a low-temperature drainage atomization valve 1004. Exemplarily, the liquid level detection unit 1013 is a liquid level sensor, and the drainage atomization unit 1003 is an atomizing nozzle. In low-temperature winter conditions, if the liquid level detection unit 1013 detects that the water level in the water tank 300 is higher than the set maximum water level, and it is necessary to drain the excess water in the water tank 300, the spray water pump 600 can be used to send the excess water in the water tank 300 to the drainage atomization unit 1003. The excess water in the water tank 300 is atomized by the drainage atomization unit 1003 and discharged in the form of water mist. Even if the water mist cools down and condenses into water droplets and then freezes, it will only form small ice particles, which will not affect the driving of the vehicle.

[0092] It should be noted that when the above-mentioned fuel cell cooling system is used in a vehicle, the drainage atomizing unit 1003 can be installed at the upper part of the rear of the vehicle to preferentially discharge the spray to a higher position, which is conducive to the formation of small ice particles.

[0093] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11As shown, the fuel cell cooling system also includes a cryogenic drainage jet valve 1005. The inlet of the cryogenic drainage jet valve 1005 is connected to the gas storage tank 1000, and the outlet of the cryogenic drainage jet valve 1005 is connected to the inlet of the drainage atomizing unit 1003. Specifically, the inlet of the pressure reducing valve 1010 is connected to the gas storage tank 1000, and the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 1010 is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation atomizing jet valve 1001 and the inlet of the cryogenic drainage jet valve 1005, respectively.

[0094] When excess water in the water storage tank 300 is discharged through the drainage atomization unit 1003 in a low-temperature environment, high-pressure gas from the gas storage tank 1000 is sent into the drainage atomization unit 1003 through the low-temperature drainage jet valve 1005 to improve the atomization effect of the drainage atomization unit 1003, thereby helping to reduce the size of small ice particles formed by the water mist sprayed by the drainage atomization unit 1003 in a low-temperature environment. Specifically, the drainage atomization unit 1003 is provided with a high-pressure gas port, which is connected to the outlet of the low-temperature drainage jet valve 1005.

[0095] Because the water storage tank 300 has a limited storage capacity, excess water needs to be drained during the high temperatures of summer. Therefore, in some embodiments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a drain valve 1006 is provided at the bottom of the water storage tank 300. When the liquid level detection unit 1013 detects that the liquid level in the water storage tank 300 is too high, the excess water in the water storage tank 300 can be drained in time. In addition, the drain valve 1006 can also be opened to drain the water in the water storage tank 300 when the water storage tank 300 needs to be cleaned or after the fuel cell is shut down in a low-temperature environment. For example, the drain valve 1006 is an electromagnetic switch valve.

[0096] In some embodiments, the air-water separator 100 has a water outlet connected to a drain valve assembly 1012, such as a three-way valve. The drain valve assembly 1012 selectively connects the water outlet to a water storage tank 300 or to the outside atmosphere. When drainage is required, the drain valve assembly 1012 connects the water outlet to the outside atmosphere, thereby directly discharging the water separated by the air-water separator 100 to the outside. Of course, excess water is not limited to direct discharge into the outside atmosphere.

[0097] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, in order to send the water separated by the air-water separator 100 to the water storage tank 300, the water outlet is connected to the water storage tank 300 via a self-priming pump 1011. It should be noted that the water outlet can also be positioned higher than the water storage tank 300, allowing the water separated by the air-water separator 100 to automatically fall into the water storage tank 300 under gravity. Exemplarily, a drain valve assembly 1012 is provided on the connecting pipe between the self-priming pump 1011 and the water outlet of the air-water separator 100.

[0098] It should be noted that only the drain valve 1006 can be installed, or both the drain valve 1006 and the drain valve assembly 1012 can be installed simultaneously.

[0099] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell cooling system also includes a muffler 800. The inlet of the muffler 800 is connected to the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack 1009, and the outlet of the muffler 800 is connected to the fluid inlet of the gas-liquid separator 100. The muffler 800 is used to reduce the exhaust noise of the fuel cell stack 1009.

[0100] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell cooling system also includes a filter unit 1002, which is connected between the water storage tank 300 and the spray water pump 600. The filter unit 1002 filters the water sent to the spray water pump 600 to prevent the spray water pump 600, the heat dissipation atomizing unit 500, the drainage atomizing unit 1003, etc. from becoming clogged.

[0101] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a fuel cell assembly, including the above-described fuel cell heat dissipation system. The fuel cell heat dissipation system and fuel cell assembly have the same technical effects as the above-described fuel cell heat dissipation spray device, and will not be repeated here.

[0102] Furthermore, the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell heat dissipation spraying device, characterized by, The application relates to a heat dissipation assembly. The heat dissipation assembly (200) has an upstream side and a downstream side arranged oppositely along an airflow direction; the heat dissipation assembly (200) comprises two heat dissipation units (201) which are spaced apart along the airflow direction; A heat dissipation fan (400) is arranged to make the airflow flow from the upstream side to the downstream side; A heat dissipation atomization unit (500) comprises two top spray pipelines (501) arranged on the top of the heat dissipation units (201) and a bottom spray pipeline (507) arranged on the bottom of the heat dissipation units (201); one of the top spray pipelines (501) is provided with a first top spray nozzle (502), and the other top spray pipeline (501) is provided with a second top spray nozzle (503); the first top spray nozzle (502) is arranged to spray water mist from top to bottom between the two heat dissipation units (201), and the second top spray nozzle (503) is arranged to spray water mist from top to bottom on the upstream side of the heat dissipation assembly (200); the bottom spray pipeline (507) is provided with a bottom spray nozzle (508) arranged to spray water mist from bottom to top between the two heat dissipation units (201); The first top spray nozzles (502) and the second top spray nozzles (503) are arranged opposite to each other along the airflow direction, and the first top spray nozzles (502) and the second top spray nozzles (503) arranged opposite to each other are respectively inclined to the two ends of the top spray pipeline (501) along the axial direction of the top spray pipeline (501); The second top spray nozzles (503) and the bottom spray nozzles (508) are arranged opposite to each other along the airflow direction, the bottom spray pipeline (507) and the top spray pipeline (501) are arranged in parallel, and the second top spray nozzles (503) and the bottom spray nozzles (508) arranged opposite to each other are respectively inclined to the two sides of the top spray pipeline (501) along the axial direction of the top spray pipeline (501); or The first top spray nozzles (502) and the second top spray nozzles (503) are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the top spray pipeline (501); the bottom spray pipeline (507) and the top spray pipeline (501) are arranged in parallel, and the second top spray nozzles (503) and the bottom spray nozzles (508) are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the top spray pipeline (501).

2. The fuel cell heat removal spray device of claim 1, wherein, One of the two heat dissipation units (201) is a cross-flow heat dissipation unit, and the other is a longitudinal flow heat dissipation unit.

3. The fuel cell heat removal spray apparatus of claim 1, wherein The two heat dissipation units (201) are arranged in parallel or in series; When the two heat dissipation units (201) are arranged in parallel, the heat dissipation assembly (200) further comprises a flow distribution unit arranged to distribute the flow to the two heat dissipation units (201).

4. The fuel cell heat removal spray apparatus of claim 1, wherein The heat dissipation atomization unit (500) further comprises a top air injection pipe (504) having a top air injection head mounted thereon; The top air injection head is used for injecting high-pressure gas around the nozzle of the first top spray nozzle (502) and / or the second top spray nozzle (503), or the first top spray nozzle (502) and / or the second top spray nozzle (503) are provided with an atomization channel and an air injection port, one end of the air injection port being in communication with the atomization channel, and the other end being in communication with the injection end of the top air injection head.

5. The fuel cell heat removal spray apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The top air injection head comprises a first top air injection head (505) and a second top air injection head (506), the top air injection pipe (504) is located between the two top spray pipes (501), and the top air injection pipe (504) is provided with the first top air injection head (505) corresponding to the first top spray nozzle (502) and the second top air injection head (506) corresponding to the second top spray nozzle (503).

6. The fuel cell heat removal spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein, The heat dissipation atomization unit (500) further comprises a bottom air injection pipe (509) having a bottom air injection head (510) mounted thereon; The bottom air injection head (510) is used for injecting high-pressure gas around the nozzle of the bottom spray nozzle (508), or the bottom spray nozzle (508) is provided with an atomization channel and an air injection port, one end of the air injection port being in communication with the atomization channel, and the other end being in communication with the injection end of the bottom air injection head (510).

7. The fuel cell heat removal spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein, The first top spray nozzle (502), the second top spray nozzle (503) and the bottom spray nozzle (508) are all fan-shaped nozzles; The heat dissipation atomization unit (500) further comprises a main water pipe (511), the top spray pipe (501) comprises a top spray pipe body (5012) and a top spray connecting section (5011), the top spray pipe body (5012) is in communication with the upper end of the main water pipe (511) through the top spray connecting section (5011); the top spray connecting section (5011) and the top spray pipe body (5012) are arranged at an obtuse angle and inclined downward, one end of the top spray connecting section (5011) connected with the top spray pipe body (5012) located between the two heat dissipation units (201) is inclined to the downstream side, and one end of the top spray connecting section (5011) connected with the top spray pipe body (5012) located on the upstream side is inclined to the side opposite to the downstream side; and / or, The bottom spray pipeline (507) comprises a bottom spray pipe body (5042) and a bottom spray connecting section (5041), the bottom spray pipe body (5042) is communicated with the lower end of the main water pipe (511) through the bottom spray connecting section (5041); the bottom spray connecting section (5041) is arranged at an obtuse angle with the bottom spray pipe body (5042) and is inclined upward, and the end of the bottom spray connecting section (5041) connected with the bottom spray pipe body (5042) is inclined to the downstream side.

8. A fuel cell heat dissipation system, characterized by, The fuel cell heat dissipation spraying device comprises the fuel cell heat dissipation spraying device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and A gas-water separator (100), an inlet of the gas-water separator (100) is connected to an exhaust port of the stack (1009); A water storage tank (300) for storing liquid water separated by the gas-water separator (100); A spraying water pump (600), the water storage tank (300) is connected to the top spray pipeline (501) and the bottom spray pipeline (507) of the heat dissipation atomization unit (500) through the spraying water pump (600); A heat exchanger (700) for heating water in the water storage tank (300).

9. A fuel cell assembly characterized by, The fuel cell heat dissipation system comprises the fuel cell heat dissipation system according to claim 8.

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