Zipper tape, zipper chain tape woven from yarn containing plant-derived resin, and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

The zipper tape (6) includes: a first side edge portion (11) including a core yarn (3) and a plurality of first warp ground yarns (21); and a tape main body portion (13) disposed adjacent to the first side edge portion (11) and including a plurality of second warp ground yarns (22). The weft yarn and all the warp ground yarns of the zipper tape (6) are yarns containing a plant-derived resin. The first warp ground yarn (21) is a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)), and the second warp ground yarn (22) is a drawn textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)). Depending on the yarn type, the heat shrinkage rate of the first warp ground yarn (21) is greater than that of the second warp ground yarn (22).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a fastener tape woven using yarn containing a plant-derived resin, and also relates to a fastener stringer including the fastener tape. In addition, the present disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing the fastener stringer. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, there is a strong desire for the development of environmentally friendly products in the field of zippers. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a zipper suitable for recycling. In Patent Document 1, the material of the fiber component is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, and the material of the injection molded component is a polyester resin other than polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, and either of them is composed of a plant-derived material.

[0003] In addition, in the zipper, such as Figure 6 As shown in (a), the following phenomenon (hereinafter referred to as chain wrinkling) may occur: when the zipper is sewn to clothes, the zipper (directly speaking, the meshing chain element portion where the left and right resin chain elements are meshed) extends while meandering up and down along the longitudinal direction of the zipper.

[0004] Patent Document 2 relates to improvement of chain wrinkling and discloses that bias is imparted to the fastener tape through a dyeing process (see the present application Figure 7 (b)), so that the warp yarn adjacent to the core yarn (refer to the patent document 2 Figure 1 The heat shrinkage rate of the warp yarns (in the figure 6c, 6d) is higher than that of the warp yarns of the tape body, and lower than that of the core yarns. All the warp yarns shrink completely during the dyeing process, especially the core yarns and the warp yarns shrink greatly, and a zipper tape with the above-mentioned diagonal lines can be obtained (see paragraph 0033 of the patent document 2). It should be noted that the present application Figure 7 (b) To facilitate the reader's understanding, the state without diagonal lines (refer to Figure 7 (a)) exaggerates the diagonal texture.

[0005] Patent document 3 discloses that the warp base yarn in the center of the tape body is relaxed to provide slack in the center of the tape body. Patent document 4 relates to a fastener tape for industrial materials and discloses that the fastener tape is woven using fully drawn yarn (FDY).

[0006] Prior art literature

[0007] Patent Literature

[0008] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2017 / 168731

[0009] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-209613

[0010] Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2018-102711

[0011] Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent No. 6143861 Summary of the Invention

[0012] Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0013] As described in Patent Document 2, in the case of weaving a zipper tape using a yarn containing a plant-derived resin, it is also preferable to impart a diagonal stripe to the zipper tape by utilizing the difference in the heat shrinkage rate of the ground yarns. However, it cannot be said that the market scale of the yarn containing a plant-derived resin is large, and the number of available types of the yarn containing a plant-derived resin is small. Therefore, it has not been possible to easily obtain yarns having different heat shrinkage rates (e.g., boiling water shrinkage rates) as disclosed in Patent Document 2. Therefore, if the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 is to be applied to a zipper tape woven using a yarn containing a plant-derived resin, a yarn having a relatively high heat shrinkability is selected from yarn types that do not contain a plant-derived resin for use. However, there are cases where such a selection is not allowed for the purpose of weaving a zipper tape using a yarn containing a plant-derived resin.

[0014] Therefore, an object of a zipper tape, a zipper chain tape, and a method for manufacturing the same according to one aspect of the present disclosure is to improve the wrinkling of the zipper chain even under the restriction of using a yarn containing a plant-derived resin.

[0015] In addition, in Patent Document 1, the weft density is reduced to improve the stretchability of the tape main body portion, and the core wire is made denser to reduce the stretchability of the core wire (paragraph 0039). Thereby, when the zipper tape is dyed, it is ensured that the core wire does not elongate compared to the tape main body portion. However, there are cases where a reduction in the weft density of the tape main body portion is not allowed. Therefore, it is meaningful in terms of providing a technique that contributes to the adjustment of the diagonal stripe of the zipper tape by a method different from that of Patent Document 1.

[0016] Solutions to the Problems

[0017] A form of the zipper tape of the present disclosure includes: a first side edge portion including a core yarn and a plurality of first ground warp yarns; and a tape main body portion disposed adjacent to the first side edge portion and including a plurality of second ground warp yarns. The weft yarn and all the ground warp yarns of the zipper tape are yarns containing a plant-derived resin. The first ground warp yarn is a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)). The second ground warp yarn is a drawn textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)). Depending on the yarn type, the heat shrinkage rate of the first ground warp yarn is greater than that of the second ground warp yarn.

[0018] In several embodiments, the fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)) and the drawn textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)) are respectively formed by subjecting yarns of the same composition to two processes. In other words, the first ground warp yarn and the second ground warp yarn have the same composition. A form in which the constituent yarns of the zipper tape (i.e., the weft yarn, the core yarn, and all the ground warp yarns) have the same composition can also be contemplated.

[0019] In several embodiments, when the heat shrinkage rate of the first ground warp yarn is set to T1 (percentage) and the heat shrinkage rate of the second ground warp yarn is set to T2 (percentage), 0.5 < (T2 / T1) < 0.8 is satisfied.

[0020] In several embodiments, the plurality of first ground warp yarns include a first subgroup of P (P represents a natural number of 3 or more) first ground warp yarns in a region closer to the tape main body portion than the core yarn and a second subgroup of Q (Q represents a natural number smaller than P) first ground warp yarns provided at a position closer to the tape main body portion than the first subgroup. The first subgroup is disposed so as to overlap with a region where the predetermined resin-fixed chain teeth are to be provided, and the second subgroup is disposed at a position between the region and the tape main body portion. P can represent a natural number of 4 or more, and Q can represent a natural number of 3 or less.

[0021] In several embodiments, the plurality of first ground warp yarns include a third subgroup of R (R represents a natural number smaller than P) first ground warp yarns in a region disposed farther from the tape main body portion than the core yarn.

[0022] In several embodiments, the drawn textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)) is not included in the first side edge portion.

[0023] In several embodiments, the core yarn includes a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)) containing a plant-derived resin. The composition of the constituent yarns of the core yarn can be the same as the composition of the first ground warp yarn (fully drawn yarn).

[0024] In several embodiments, the core yarn includes one or more core filaments and a plurality of sheath filaments that form a sheath layer for covering the one or more core filaments, and both the core filaments and the sheath filaments are fully drawn yarns (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)) containing plant-derived resin. The compositions of the core filaments and the sheath filaments can be the same as those of the first warp ground yarn (fully drawn yarn).

[0025] In several embodiments, there is also a second side edge portion provided on the side opposite to the first side edge portion. The second side edge portion includes a plurality of third warp ground yarns, and each of the plurality of third warp ground yarns is a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)) containing plant-derived resin. The composition of the third warp ground yarn can be the same as that of the first warp ground yarn (fully drawn yarn).

[0026] A zipper chain tape according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a zipper chain tape (1a, 1b) including any one of the above zipper tapes and a plurality of zipper teeth attached to the first side edge portion. The number of first warp ground yarns contacted by each zipper tooth is 6 or more. The zipper teeth can be resin-made teeth.

[0027] A method for manufacturing a zipper chain tape according to still another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for manufacturing a zipper chain tape including the following steps:

[0028] Weave a zipper tape,

[0029] Perform heat treatment on the zipper tape,

[0030] Injection mold resin-made teeth onto the heat-treated zipper tape. In this method for manufacturing a zipper chain tape,

[0031] The zipper tape is a zipper tape in which the weft yarn and all warp ground yarns are yarns containing plant-derived resin, and includes:

[0032] A first side edge portion including a core yarn and a plurality of first warp ground yarns; and

[0033] A tape main body portion provided adjacent to the first side edge portion and including a plurality of second warp ground yarns,

[0034] The first warp ground yarn is a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)),

[0035] The second warp ground yarn is a false twist textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)),

[0036] When heat-treating the zipper tape, depending on the types of the first warp ground yarn and the second warp ground yarn as described above, the first warp ground yarn shrinks more significantly than the second warp ground yarn.

[0037] In several embodiments, the above manufacturing method further includes a step of subjecting semi-drawn yarn (POY: Partially Oriented Yarn) of a general material to different secondary processes to obtain the above full-drawn yarn and the above false-twist processed yarn. The full-drawn yarn is obtained by stretching the semi-drawn yarn. The false-twist processed yarn is obtained by subjecting the semi-drawn yarn to false-twist processing.

[0038] For the zipper tape, the above or following features can also be similarly applied to the manufacturing method of the zipper chain tape, and redundant explanations are omitted.

[0039] Effects of the Invention

[0040] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a zipper tape, a zipper chain tape, and a manufacturing method thereof that can improve the wrinkling of the zipper chain even under the restriction of using a yarn containing a plant-derived resin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 is a schematic top view of a zipper according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a slider.

[0043] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a zipper chain tape.

[0044] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the tape structure of the first side edge portion of the zipper tape and the tape body portion in the vicinity thereof.

[0045] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the tape structure of the second side edge portion of the zipper tape and the tape body portion in the vicinity thereof.

[0046] Figure 6 (a) is a photograph of the state where a zipper of a comparative example is sewn to an opening of a garment. Figure 6 (b) is a photograph of the state where a zipper of an example is sewn to an opening of a garment.

[0047] Figure 7 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the state where the zipper tape is stretched straight in its longitudinal direction. Figure 7 (b) is a schematic diagram exaggeratingly depicting the state where a diagonal stripe is imparted to the zipper tape and the first side edge portion thereof is bent into a concave shape. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0048] Hereinafter, various embodiments and features will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art can combine the various embodiments and / or features without excessive explanation and can also understand the complementary effects brought by their combination. In principle, repeated descriptions between embodiments are omitted. The accompanying drawings are mainly for the purpose of describing the invention and are simplified for convenience of drawing. Each feature is not only effective for the zipper tape disclosed in the present application, but can also be understood as a general feature applicable to various other zipper tapes not disclosed in this specification.

[0049] In this specification, the front-back direction is the same as the direction in which the slider 4 moves to open and close the zipper 1 (the up-down direction in the front view). Figure 1 The left-right direction is the direction orthogonal to the front-back direction and parallel to the tape surface of the zipper tape (the left-right direction in the front view). Figure 1 The up-down direction is the direction orthogonal to the front-back direction and perpendicular to the tape surface of the zipper tape (the depth direction of the zipper tape). Figure 1 The tape surface of the zipper tape is the surface that defines the thickness of the zipper tape.

[0050] Figure 1 The zipper 1 shown is a belt-like member that is long in the front-back direction and narrow in the left-right direction, and has a pair of left and right zipper chains 1a, 1b and a slider 4 provided for joining and separating these zipper chains 1a, 1b. Each of the zipper chains 1a, 1b has zipper tapes 6a, 6b and a plurality of resin teeth (zipper teeth) 7a, 7b fixed to the opposite side edges (the first side edges to be described later) of the zipper tapes 6a, 6b. Due to the forward movement of the slider 4, the left and right resin teeth 7a, 7b engage. Due to the backward movement of the slider 4, the left and right resin teeth 7a, 7b disengage. In addition, front stoppers 5a, 5b and a rear stopper 9 are provided on the zipper 1, which are provided to prevent the forward and backward movement of the slider 4, respectively.

[0051] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the slider 4 has an upper wing plate 41, a lower wing plate 42, and a connecting post (not shown) connecting the upper wing plate 41 and the lower wing plate 42. A Y-shaped tooth passage is provided in the slider 4. Specifically, a connecting post is provided at the front end of the slider 4, and front openings are provided on the left and right of the connecting post. A rear opening is provided at the rear end of the slider 4. The separated left and right resin teeth 7a, 7b enter the slider 4 through the left and right front openings, engage behind the connecting post inside the slider 4, and exit from the rear opening. The joined left and right resin teeth 7a, 7b enter the slider 4 through one rear opening, are separated by the connecting post inside the slider 4, and the separated resin teeth 7a, 7b exit from the respective front openings. In addition, in this specification, there are cases where the resin teeth 7a, 7b are not distinguished and are simply referred to as resin teeth 7. The same applies to the zipper tapes 6a, 6b.

[0052] On the left and right side edges of the upper wing plate 41, there are provided left and right flange portions 41p and 41q protruding downward. As an addition or alternative thereto, on the left and right side edges of the lower wing plate 42, there are provided left and right flange portions 42p and 42q protruding upward. The movement of the resin teeth in the slider 4 is stabilized by the arrangement of the flange portions 41p, 41q and / or 42p, 42q.

[0053] The zipper tape 6 is a fabric woven from a plurality of warp base yarns and one weft yarn, and extends longitudinally in the front-rear direction with a constant left-right width. The zipper tape 6 has a tape upper surface 61 and a tape lower surface 62, and has a thickness defined by them (refer to Figure 3 ). The tape upper surface and the tape lower surface have a texture corresponding to the fabric structure of the warp base yarns and the weft yarn. The zipper tape 6 has a first end face 66 and a second end face 67. The first end face 66 and the second end face 67 are non-flat surfaces continuously formed in the longitudinal direction of the tape at the turning portions where the weft yarn changes its traveling direction.

[0054] The weft yarn and all the warp base yarns of the zipper tape 6 are yarns containing plant-derived resin. In some cases, the weft yarn and all the warp base yarns of the zipper tape 6 are yarns containing plant-derived resin and having the same composition. The proportion of the plant-derived resin contained in the yarn is, for example, 30% by mass or more, but is not limited thereto. The constituent yarns of the core wire (core wire and / or sheath yarn) are yarns containing plant-derived resin, and preferably yarns having the same composition as the weft yarn and the warp base yarn. As the plant-derived resin, a polymer material generated by the condensation polymerization reaction of bio-ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid can be used. Bio-ethylene glycol can be generated from bio-ethanol obtained from sugarcane by a known method. Terephthalic acid can be generated from petroleum raw materials by a known method.

[0055] The zipper tape 6 has a first side edge portion 11 provided with the core wire 3, a tape main body portion 13 provided adjacent to the first side edge portion 11, and a second side edge portion 12 provided adjacent to the tape main body portion 13 on the side opposite to the first side edge portion 11. The tape main body portion 13 is provided between the first side edge portion 11 and the second side edge portion 12 and is clamped by both of them. The first side edge portion 11 is the side edge portion provided on the side where the resin teeth 7 are fixed. The second side edge portion 12 is the side edge portion provided on the side opposite to the first side edge portion 11 in the left-right direction or the tape width direction.

[0056] The tape main body portion 13 is superimposed on the fabric of the clothing, and they are sewn together by stitches. For example, the zipper tape 6 is sewn to the fabric of the clothing by stitches at the sewing position P1 of Figure 3 . In addition, as Figure 4As shown, the boundary between the first side edge portion 11 and the belt main body portion 13 is determined by the boundary between a plurality of first warp base yarns 21 (for example, the second subgroup S2) of the first side edge portion 11 and a plurality of second warp base yarns 22 of the belt main body portion 13. As Figure 5 As shown, the boundary between the belt main body portion 13 and the second side edge portion 12 is determined by the boundary between a plurality of third warp base yarns 23 of the second side edge portion 12 and a plurality of second warp base yarns 22 of the belt main body portion 13.

[0057] The resin teeth 7 are injection-molded teeth of a predetermined shape including a resin portion fixed to the first side edge portion 11 of the zipper tape 6 by injection molding. Typically, the resin teeth 7 have a base portion, a neck portion, and a head portion in the direction from the belt main body portion 13 toward the first side edge portion 11. The base portion is fixed to the first side edge portion 11 (especially the core wire 3). The neck portion and the head portion are provided outside the zipper tape 6. The width of the neck portion (in the front-rear direction) is narrower than the widths of the base portion and the head portion (in the front-rear direction). When the resin teeth 7 on the left and right are engaged, the head portion of the resin teeth provided on one zipper chain tape is disposed between a pair of neck portions of the resin teeth provided adjacent to each other on the other zipper chain tape. In addition, the shape of the resin teeth should not be limited to the shape shown in the figure, and an inverted V shape may be formed for each resin tooth. In addition, in the present embodiment, the zipper teeth are made of resin, but they may also be made of metal.

[0058] The resin teeth can contain plant-derived resin. For example, the resin teeth are formed of a thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), and combinations thereof.

[0059] Similar to the constituent yarns of the zipper tape 6, the thermoplastic resin of the resin teeth can be a plant-derived resin. The plant-derived resin can be distinguished from non-plant-derived resins (for example, petroleum-derived resins) by using various component and composition analyses (for example, analysis using a nuclear magnetic resonance device). Sometimes, an index indicating that the raw material is derived from a plant is given to a product using a plant-derived resin. In this case, it is also possible to determine that the material is derived from a plant based on this index.

[0060] For the sake of argument, the type of the zipper is not limited to Figure 1 the type shown in the figure. For example, an invisible zipper can also be used. In this case, a slider for an invisible zipper can be used. In addition, a belt folding portion is provided at a portion of the zipper tape near the side edge portion (the first side edge portion to be described later) to which the resin teeth are fixed.

[0061] The warp base yarns and weft yarns are placed on an automatic loom, and the automatic loom is operated to automatically weave a zipper tape. The manufacturing method of the zipper tape using an automatic loom is well-known in the art, and detailed description thereof is omitted. After the zipper tape is manufactured by the automatic loom, it is subjected to at least one heat treatment. For example, after the zipper tape is manufactured by the automatic loom, it is heated in a heat setting process, and then immersed in a high-temperature dyeing solution in a dyeing process. By heating in a series of processes, the warp base yarns and weft yarns of the zipper tape are completely heat-shrunk. In addition, it is also possible to selectively perform only either the heat setting process or the dyeing process. For dyeing, an inkjet printer can also be flexibly used to locally or entirely color the zipper tape.

[0062] After the zipper tape has been subjected to at least one heat treatment, it is conveyed to an injection molding process. In the injection molding process, the zipper tape is clamped between a lower mold and an upper mold, and the first side edge portion is disposed in a molding cavity defined by the upper mold and the lower mold. Molten resin is supplied to the molding cavity to harden the molten resin, so that resin teeth are fixed to the first side edge portion of the zipper tape. The injection molding apparatus and method for resin teeth are well-known in the art, and detailed description thereof is omitted. Since the warp base yarns and weft yarns of the zipper tape are completely heat-shrunk in the stage prior to the injection molding process, they will not further heat-shrink in the injection molding process, or even if they further heat-shrink in the injection molding process, the degree of heat shrinkage is small.

[0063] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 will be further described. The first side edge portion 11 has a core wire group in which two core wires 31 and 32 are arranged adjacent to each other on the left and right as the core wire 3. In addition to the core wire 3, the first side edge portion 11 also has a plurality of (for example, a total of 10) first warp base yarns 21. The tape main body portion 13 has a plurality of second warp base yarns 22 which are different from the first warp base yarns 21. The second side edge portion 12 has a plurality of third warp base yarns 23 which are different from the second warp base yarns 22 and a plurality of fourth warp base yarns 24 which are different from the third warp base yarns 23. As the third warp base yarn 23, a yarn having the same characteristics as those of the first warp base yarn 21 can be used. As the fourth warp base yarn 24, a yarn having the same characteristics as those of the second warp base yarn 22 can be used. Regarding the number of warp base yarns, the number of the second warp base yarns 22 > the number of the first warp base yarns 21 > the number of the third warp base yarns 23.

[0064] Both the warp base yarns and weft yarns included in the zipper tape 6 are multifilament yarns containing plant-derived polyester (bundles of filaments formed from plant-derived polyester). The core wire is also composed of a bundle of multifilament yarns containing plant-derived polyester (bundles of filaments formed from plant-derived polyester). The types of filaments included in each single yarn are not limited to one type, and can be two or more types. That is, each single yarn can include different filaments spun from different resins.

[0065] As plant-derived polyesters, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be cited. PET is a polymer in which terephthalic acid is the acid component of its repeating unit and ethylene glycol is the glycol component, and these are set as essential components respectively. Even if the acid component and the glycol component both include copolymer components, there is no problem. Terephthalic acid as the acid component and ethylene glycol as the glycol component are 80 mol% or more, preferably 90 mol% or more, more preferably 95 mol% or more, and most preferably 100 mol% in each of the acid component and the glycol component.

[0066] As the copolymer components used for the PET resin, as the acid component, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid can be exemplified; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, etc.; or their ester-forming derivatives such as alkyl esters and acyl halides. As the glycol component, low molecular weight glycols such as trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, cyclohexanediol, 1,4-dioxethoxybenzene, bisphenol A can be exemplified; high molecular weight glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, polyhexamethylene glycol, etc.; or their ester-forming derivatives. There is no problem even if multiple kinds of these acid components and glycol components are used simultaneously respectively. In addition, there is no problem even if PET resins having different compositions are combined and used.

[0067] The weft yarn 29 alternately repeats extending leftward and extending rightward throughout the entire widths of the first side edge portion 11, the belt main body portion 13, and the second side edge portion 12. Thus, in the first side edge portion 11 and the second side edge portion 12, turning portions where the traveling direction of the weft yarn 29 is turned are continuously formed in the belt longitudinal direction. As described above, the weft yarn 29 is a multifilament yarn which is a bundle of filaments made of a plant-derived resin, and the desired bulkiness, touch, and low reflectivity of the belt main body portion 13 can be ensured. The weft yarn 29 is a false-twist processed yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)) containing a plant-derived resin, and each filament included in the weft yarn 29 can be manufactured via a spinning process, a stretching process, and a false-twist process.

[0068] In the present embodiment, the first warp ground yarn 21 is a fully drawn yarn (FDY), and the second warp ground yarn 22 is a drawn textured yarn (DTY). Both the first warp ground yarn 21 and the second warp ground yarn 22 contain a plant-derived resin. Depending on the yarn types of the first warp ground yarn 21 and the second warp ground yarn 22, the heat shrinkage rate of the first warp ground yarn 21 is larger than that of the second warp ground yarn 22. Thus, when heat-treating the zipper tape woven by an automatic loom, the first side edge portion 11 becomes shorter in the tape longitudinal direction compared to the tape main body portion 13. In this way, the influence of stretching the first side edge portion 11 in the tape longitudinal direction in the injection molding process can be reduced. That is, even if the first side edge portion 11 is stretched in the tape longitudinal direction during the injection molding process, by previously shrinking the first side edge portion 11 to be shorter, this influence can be reduced.

[0069] More specifically, in the injection molding process, the first side edge portion of the zipper tape is disposed on the lower mold in a state of being stretched in the tape longitudinal direction and is sandwiched between the lower mold and the upper mold. Further, when supplying the molten resin, the upper mold and the lower mold become hot, and then, cooling is performed. Therefore, it is also greatly affected by heat. As a result, the first side edge portion 11 is fixed in a state of being stretched in the tape longitudinal direction, and there is a tendency for the first side edge portion 11 to become slightly longer in the tape longitudinal direction. If a zipper is manufactured using such a zipper chain tape and sewn on clothes, the chain wrinkling described at the beginning occurs. In the present embodiment, by using warp ground yarns containing a plant-derived resin and also having a different manufacturing method, as a result, the fully drawn yarn and the drawn textured yarn with different heat shrinkage rates are separately allocated to the first side edge portion 11 and the tape main body portion 13. Thereby, it is possible to provide a zipper tape, a zipper chain tape, and a zipper that satisfy the restriction of using a yarn containing a plant-derived resin and can improve the chain wrinkling of the zipper. In addition, false twisting is a process of imparting swelling to the yarn. For example, this means the following operation: after imparting twist to the yarn, heat is imparted to it, and then, the twist is restored. The drawn textured yarn alternately has swelling portions and interlacing portions in its longitudinal direction. The fully drawn yarn extends with a substantially constant cross-sectional area in its longitudinal direction.

[0070] The difference in the heat shrinkage rate between the first warp ground yarn 21 (fully drawn yarn) and the second warp ground yarn 22 (false twist processed yarn) can be caused by the difference in two processes performed on yarns with at least the same composition. In some cases, the above-mentioned fully drawn yarn and false twist processed yarn are obtained by performing two processes on a pre-oriented yarn (POY: Partially Oriented Yarn) of a predetermined composition, respectively. That is, the pre-oriented yarn of the predetermined composition is additionally drawn to become a fully drawn yarn. On the other hand, the pre-oriented yarn of the predetermined composition is false twist processed to become a false twist processed yarn. In order to obtain yarns with different heat shrinkage rates, yarns of the same composition are used, thereby avoiding the preparation of yarns with different compositions and promoting the reduction of material costs. In addition, in addition to the composition, yarns with the same fineness and / or number of filaments (for example, the same pre-oriented yarn) can also be used, which can further promote the reduction of material costs. In addition, when the composition of the yarns is the same, the mass percentage of the plant-derived resin contained in the yarns is also the same. The yarns with at least the same composition that can be understood from the above description can be yarns released from the same creel, but are not necessarily limited thereto.

[0071] In recent years, social awareness related to the environment has increased, environmental restrictions in the clothing industry have become strict, and society expects more parts to be made of yarns containing plant-derived resins. In particular, when the weft yarns included in the zipper tape and all the warp ground yarns are made of yarns containing plant-derived resins, yarns without plant-derived resins cannot be used for the high-shrinkage part of the zipper tape, and the countermeasure against chain wrinkling may become insufficient. Yarn manufacturing companies may be able to technically manufacture several plant-derived yarns with different heat shrinkage rates by changing the composition, fineness, heat shrinkage rate (such as boiling water shrinkage rate), etc. However, if a small consumption scale of yarns used only for a part of the zipper tape is specially ordered from yarn manufacturers, the cost will ultimately be high.

[0072] In some cases, the fully drawn yarn and the false twist processed yarn are respectively made by performing two processes on yarns of the same composition. The situation of preparing yarns with different compositions in order to obtain yarns with different heat shrinkage rates can be avoided, and the reduction of material costs can be promoted. This is particularly advantageous for plant-derived yarns with fewer selectable types.

[0073] As the warp ground yarn of the zipper tape, a false twist processed yarn is usually used from the viewpoints of bulkiness, touch, and low reflection characteristics. As the warp ground yarn of the zipper tape, a fully drawn yarn is used in special cases that require high strength. The reason is that the fully drawn yarn is manufactured without a false twist process after the spinning and drawing processes, and therefore, the yarn characteristics obtained through the false twist process (such as bulkiness, dyeability, low reflectivity) cannot be obtained.

[0074] The fully drawn yarn is selectively introduced into the first side edge portion 11 (i.e., not introduced into the tape main body portion 13) within the bandwidth of the first side edge portion 11 and the tape main body portion 13. In the tape main body portion 13, the false-twist textured yarn is used as the warp ground yarn, which can ensure the characteristics obtained through the false-twist process (e.g., bulkiness, dyeability, low reflectivity). In this way, even if the fully drawn yarn is used as the warp ground yarn, the sacrifice of the yarn characteristics (e.g., bulkiness, low reflectivity) obtained through the false-twist process can be minimized. In addition, the range of color unevenness that may occur in the zipper tape can be reduced according to the difference in dyeability between the fully drawn yarn and the false-twist textured yarn. Furthermore, by introducing the fully drawn yarn into the first side edge portion 11, the strength of the first side edge portion 11 can be improved. The enhancement of the yarn strength near the slider 4 can effectively suppress the friction caused by contact with the slider 4.

[0075] For the method of calculating the heat shrinkage rate, the test methods of HS (dry heat shrinkage) and BS (boiling water shrinkage) based on Japanese Industrial Standard JIS-L-1013 8.18 were used. The HS test conditions were set at 180 °C for 30 minutes. The BS test conditions were set at 100 °C for 30 minutes.

[0076] Although the heat shrinkage rate of the first warp ground yarn 21 of the first side edge portion 11 in this embodiment is relatively large compared to the heat shrinkage rate of the second warp ground yarn 22 of the tape main body portion 13, it is not significantly large. The reason is that both the first warp ground yarn 21 and the second warp ground yarn 22 are yarns containing plant-derived resins, and it is difficult to assign different yarns with a large difference in heat shrinkage rate to each. Thus, when the heat shrinkage rate of the first warp ground yarn 21 is set as T1 (percentage) and the heat shrinkage rate of the second warp ground yarn 22 is set as T2 (percentage), 0.5 < (T2 / T1) < 0.8 is satisfied. In addition, this ratio of heat shrinkage rates is calculated using the heat shrinkage rate indicated by the yarn manufacturer (yarn manufacturing company) as a characteristic of the yarn. This ratio of heat shrinkage rates is evaluated in the state after the weaving of the zipper tape and before the heat treatment. In some cases, the heat shrinkage rate of the first warp ground yarn 21 of the first side edge portion 11 is in the range of 8.4% to 11.2%, and the heat shrinkage rate of the second warp ground yarn 22 is in the range of 5.5% to 6.5%.

[0077] The strength of the first warp ground yarn 21 of the first side edge portion 11 is greater than the strength of the second warp ground yarn 22 of the tape main body portion 13. When the strength of the first warp ground yarn 21 is set as Z1 (cN / T) and the strength of the second warp ground yarn 22 is set as Z2 (cN / T), 0.65 < (Z2 / Z1) < 0.84 is satisfied. In addition, this strength ratio is calculated using the strength indicated by the yarn manufacturer (yarn manufacturing company) as a characteristic of the yarn. This strength ratio is evaluated in the state after the woven fabric of the zipper tape and before the heat treatment. In some cases, the strength of the first warp ground yarn 21 is in the range of 5.0 N / T to 6.0 cN / T, and the strength of the second warp ground yarn 22 is in the range of 4.0 N / T to 4.2 cN / T.

[0078] In some cases, the fineness (maximum cross-sectional area) of the first warp ground yarn 21 is smaller than the fineness (maximum cross-sectional area) of the second warp ground yarn 22. The fineness of the yarn corresponds to the fineness and / or the number of filaments and / or the secondary processing. When the fineness of the first warp ground yarn 21 is set as V1 and the fineness of the second warp ground yarn 22 is set as V2, 1.0 < (V2 / V1) < 1.5 is satisfied. By adjusting V2 / V1, it is possible to promote the imparting of an appropriate diagonal stripe pattern to the zipper tape. In some cases, the fineness of the first warp ground yarn 21 is 250 dtex, and the fineness of the second warp ground yarn 22 is 330 dtex.

[0079] The first warp ground yarn 21 and the second warp ground yarn 22 are multifilament yarns as described above. When the number of filaments of the first warp ground yarn 21 is set as J1 and the number of filaments of the second warp ground yarn 22 is set as J2, J1 < J2 is satisfied, or 1.5 < (J2 / J1) < 2.5 is satisfied. In some cases, the number of filaments of the first warp ground yarn 21 is 48, and the number of filaments of the second warp ground yarn 22 is 96.

[0080] Refer to Figure 4 to describe in further detail. A plurality of first warp ground yarns 21 include a first subgroup S1 of P (P represents a natural number of 3 or more) first warp ground yarns 21 in a region closer to the tape main body portion 13 than the core wire 3 and a second subgroup S2 of Q (Q represents a natural number smaller than P) first warp ground yarns 21 provided at a position closer to the tape main body portion 13 than the first subgroup S1. The first subgroup S1 is arranged so as to overlap with a region R1 where the resin-made chain teeth are to be fixedly attached. The second subgroup S2 is arranged between the region R1 where the resin-made chain teeth are to be fixedly attached and the tape main body portion 13 (at a position where the resin-made chain teeth are not to be fixedly attached). In such a case, a sufficient number of first warp ground yarns 21 are provided, which can promote ensuring a sufficient amount of heat shrinkage of the first side edge portion 11 with respect to the tape main body portion 13. In addition, since Q < P is satisfied, the influence of the introduction of the fully drawn yarn can be reduced. That is, the Q fully drawn yarns are covered by the resin-made chain teeth and prevented from being exposed. The P fully drawn yarns are located near the resin-made chain teeth and are not conspicuous.

[0081] In some cases, P represents a natural number greater than 4, and Q represents a natural number less than 3 (with the precondition that Q < P). Additionally, the total number of the first warp ground yarns 21 included in the first subgroup S1 and the second subgroup S2 can be 6 or more than 8. The imparting of diagonal twill to the zipper tape can be promoted by increasing the number of full stretch yarns. At the same time, the strength of the first side edge portion 11 can be improved. In addition, the second subgroup S2 can face or be in contact with the flange portion of the slider 4 and has relatively high abrasion resistance due to the full stretch yarn. After the resin teeth 7 are fixed to the zipper tape 6, the region R1 is covered by the resin teeth 7. Therefore, in the zipper chain tape formed by fixing the resin teeth 7 to the zipper tape 6, the above-mentioned region R1 can be renamed as the resin teeth 7.

[0082] Multiple first warp ground yarns 21 can include a third subgroup S3 of R (where R represents a natural number smaller than P) first warp ground yarns 21 in a region provided farther from the core wire 3 than the tape main body portion 13. The increase in the number of full stretch yarns in the first side edge portion 11 promotes the imparting of diagonal twill to the zipper tape. At the same time, the strength of the first side edge portion 11 can be improved.

[0083] The fabric texture of the first side edge portion 11 can include a plain weave. In the case of a plain weave, a relatively high weave density can be ensured, and the length of the full stretch yarn per unit length of the zipper tape can be ensured to be relatively large. In Figure 4 the shown case, multiple first warp ground yarns 21 belonging to the first subgroup S1 and the second subgroup S2 form a 2 / 2 plain weave with the weft yarn 29. The two first warp ground yarns 21 of the ply yarn extend in such a way as to straddle two sets of weft yarn pairs extending in the left - right direction and reversely on the upper surface side of the tape and two sets of weft yarn pairs extending in the left - right direction and reversely on the lower surface side of the tape. In addition, the two first warp ground yarns 21 belonging to the third subgroup S3 form a twill weave with the weft yarn 29.

[0084] The region of the tape main body portion 13 adjacent to the first side edge portion 11 is also a plain weave. In Figure 4 the shown case, multiple second warp ground yarns 22 form a 1 / 1 plain weave with the weft yarn 29. Each second warp ground yarn 22 extends in such a way as to straddle one set of weft yarn pairs extending in the left - right direction and reversely on the upper surface side of the tape and one set of weft yarn pairs extending in the left - right direction and reversely on the lower surface side of the tape.

[0085] Similar to the first warp ground yarn 21, the full stretch yarn containing plant - derived resin is used as the constituent yarn of the core wire 3. For example, the core wire 3 includes one or more core yarns 3a and multiple sheath yarns forming a sheath layer 3b for covering one or more core yarns 3a. Both the core yarn 3a and the sheath yarn are multifilament yarns and are full stretch yarns containing plant - derived resin. The imparting of diagonal twill to the zipper tape by the heat shrinkage of the core wire can be promoted.

[0086] As the fully drawn yarn of the core yarn 3, a yarn having the same characteristics as the fully drawn yarn of the first side edge portion 11 (for example, the first subgroup S1 and the second subgroup S2) can be used (for example, a fully drawn yarn obtained by additionally stretching a semi-drawn yarn of a general material). The heat shrinkage rate of the fully drawn yarn of the core yarn 3 can be the same as that of the fully drawn yarn of the first side edge portion 11 (for example, the first subgroup S1 and the second subgroup S2), for example. As long as there is no difference in the heat shrinkage rate of the warp ground yarn of the first side edge portion 11 and the warp ground yarn of the belt main body portion 13, even so, the zipper tape will not be excessively given a diagonal stripe. Although repeated, the fully drawn yarn of the first warp ground yarn 21, the fully drawn yarn of the core yarn 3, and the fully drawn yarn of the second warp ground yarn 22 are all multifilament yarns containing plant-derived resins.

[0087] The fully drawn yarn can also be introduced into the second side edge portion 12. As Figure 5 shown, the second side edge portion 12 includes a plurality of third warp ground yarns 23, and each of the plurality of third warp ground yarns 23 is a fully drawn yarn containing a plant-derived resin. When the first warp ground yarn 21 of the first side edge portion 11 thermally shrinks, the third warp ground yarns 23 of the second side edge portion 12 also thermally shrink. Thereby, undulations are generated in the belt main body portion 13 along the longitudinal direction of the belt at a position intermediate between the first side edge portion 11 and the second side edge portion 12. In the belt main body portion 13 where undulations are generated (for example, Figure 3 the sewing position P1), the zipper tape 6 is sewn to the fabric of the clothing using a sewing thread, and the generation of the above-mentioned chain wrinkling can be suppressed. In addition, as the fourth warp ground yarn 24 of the second side edge portion 12, a false-twist processed yarn having the same characteristics as the second warp ground yarn 22 can be used.

[0088] Weave the zipper tape, perform heat treatment on the zipper tape (for example, a heat setting process and a dyeing process), and injection mold resin teeth on the heat-treated zipper tape, thereby a zipper chain tape can be manufactured. When heat-treating the zipper tape, the first warp ground yarn 21 shrinks relatively more than the second warp ground yarn 22. Compared with the belt main body portion 13, the first side edge portion 11 becomes slightly shorter in the longitudinal direction of the belt. In this way, the influence of stretching the first side edge portion 11 in the longitudinal direction of the belt during the injection molding process is reduced. That is, even if the first side edge portion 11 is stretched in the longitudinal direction of the belt during the injection molding process, the influence can be reduced by previously making the first side edge portion 11 shrink shorter.

[0089] Preferably, different secondary processes are performed on the semi-drawn yarn of a general material to obtain a fully drawn yarn and a false-twist processed yarn, and these fully drawn yarn and false-twist processed yarn are respectively used as the first warp ground yarn and the second warp ground yarn of the zipper tape. Thereby, it is possible to avoid preparing yarns with different compositions in order to obtain yarns with different heat shrinkage rates, and it is possible to promote the reduction of material costs. This is particularly advantageous in terms of plant-derived yarns with fewer selectable types.

[0090] Specifically, a fully drawn yarn is obtained by stretching a partially oriented yarn (POY) of a general material. On the other hand, a false twist processed yarn is obtained by subjecting the partially oriented yarn of the general material to false twist processing. The fully drawn yarn obtained as described above is used as the first warp ground yarn, and the false twist processed yarn obtained as described above is used as the second warp ground yarn. Of course, the fully drawn yarn thus obtained can also be used as the constituent yarn (core yarn and / or sheath yarn) of the core thread. Similarly, the false twist processed yarn thus obtained can also be used as the weft yarn.

[0091] <Comparative Example>

[0092] Figure 6 In the (a) of <>, all the warp ground yarns of the zipper tape 6 are false twist processed yarns (refer to Table 1). In the state where the zipper at the opening of the clothing is closed, the meshing chain tooth part 7' extends while meandering up and down in the front-rear direction. In addition, the meshing chain tooth part 7' is the part where the left and right resin chain teeth 7a, 7b are in the meshing state and are continuously formed forward by the advancement of the slider 4.

[0093] [Table 1]

[0094] Yarn Material First warp ground yarn Polyester multifilament false-twisted yarn Second warp ground yarn Polyester multifilament false-twisted yarn Third warp ground yarn Polyester multifilament false-twisted yarn Core yarn Polyester multifilament fully-drawn yarn

[0095] <Example>

[0096] Figure 6 In the (b) of <>, an example of the tape structure shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 is adopted (that is, the following example: all the warp ground yarns (including the core thread) of the first side edge part 11 are composed of fully drawn yarns, among the four in the second side edge part 12, the two outer ones are composed of false twist processed yarns, the two inner ones are composed of fully drawn yarns, and all the warp ground yarns of the tape main body part 13 are composed of false twist processed yarns) (refer to Table 2). In this example, in the state where the zipper at the opening of the clothing is closed, the meshing chain tooth part 7' extends in the front-rear direction (compared with (a) of Figure 6 ) without meandering up and down significantly, improving the chain wrinkling. In addition, the above-mentioned fully drawn yarn and false twist processed yarn are manufactured by subjecting the partially oriented yarn of the same component to two different processes, and they are used as the warp ground yarns of the zipper tape. This fully drawn yarn is not only used as the warp ground yarn but also as the constituent yarn (core yarn and sheath yarn) of the core thread. This false twist processed yarn is not only used as the warp ground yarn but also as the weft yarn.

[0097] [Table 2]

[0098] Yarn Material First warp ground yarn Polyester multifilament fully-drawn yarn Second warp ground yarn Polyester multifilament false-twisted yarn Third warp ground yarn Polyester multifilament fully-drawn yarn Core yarn Polyester multifilament fully-drawn yarn

[0099] Based on the above teachings, those skilled in the art can make various changes to each embodiment. The reference signs added to the claims are for reference and should not be used to interpret the claims in a limiting manner. Using fully drawn yarn for all the warp ground yarns of the first side edge portion 11 is an option and not mandatory. Similarly, using false-twist textured yarn for all the warp ground yarns of the belt main body portion 13 is an option and not mandatory. When false-twist textured yarn is also introduced in the first side edge portion 11 in addition to the fully drawn yarn, the number of fully drawn yarns is greater than the number of false-twist textured yarns.

[0100] Description of Reference Signs

[0101] 3. Core wire; 6. Zipper tape; 11. First side edge portion; 12. Second side edge portion; 13. Belt main body portion; 21. First warp ground yarn; 22. Second warp ground yarn.

Claims

1. A zipper tape, comprising: A first side edge portion (11) including a core yarn (3) and a plurality of first bottom warp yarns (21), the first side edge portion being the side edge portion provided on the side where the resin teeth (7) are fixed; and A tape main body portion (13) provided adjacent to the first side edge portion (11), including a plurality of second bottom warp yarns (22), in this zipper tape (6), The weft yarn and all the bottom warp yarns are yarns containing plant-derived resin, The first bottom warp yarn (21) is a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)), and the second bottom warp yarn (22) is a draw textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)). Due to the difference in their yarn types, the heat shrinkage rate of the first bottom warp yarn (21) is greater than that of the second bottom warp yarn (22).

2. The zipper tape according to claim 1, wherein The fully drawn yarn and the draw textured yarn are each formed by subjecting a yarn of the same composition to two processes.

3. The zipper tape according to claim 1 or 2, wherein When the heat shrinkage rate of the first bottom warp yarn (21) is set as T1 and the heat shrinkage rate of the second bottom warp yarn (22) is set as T2, 0.5 < (T2 / T1) < 0.8 is satisfied, where T1 and T2 represent percentages.

4. The zipper tape according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The plurality of first bottom warp yarns (21) include a first subgroup (S1) of P first bottom warp yarns (21) in a region closer to the tape main body portion (13) than the core yarn (3) and a second subgroup (S2) of Q first bottom warp yarns (21) provided at a position closer to the tape main body portion (13) than the first subgroup (S1), where P represents a natural number of 3 or more, and Q represents a natural number smaller than P, The first subgroup (S1) is provided so as to overlap with a region (R1) where the resin teeth are to be fixedly attached, The second subgroup (S2) is provided at a position between the region (R1) and the tape main body portion (13).

5. The zipper tape according to claim 4, wherein P represents a natural number of 4 or more, and Q represents a natural number of 3 or less.

6. The zipper tape according to claim 4, wherein The plurality of first bottom warp yarns (21) include a third subgroup (S3) of R first bottom warp yarns (21) in a region provided farther from the tape main body portion (13) than the core yarn (3), where R represents a natural number smaller than P.

7. The zipper tape according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The draw textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)) is not included in the first side edge portion (11).

8. The zipper tape according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The core yarn (3) includes a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)) containing plant-derived resin.

9. The zipper tape according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The core yarn (3) includes one or more core filaments (3a) and a plurality of sheath yarns that form a sheath layer (3b) for covering the one or more core filaments (3a). Both the core filaments (3a) and the sheath yarns are fully drawn yarns (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)) containing plant-derived resin.

10. The zipper tape according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the zipper tape further includes a second side edge portion (12) provided on the side opposite to the first side edge portion (11), the tape main body portion (13) is provided between the first side edge portion (11) and the second side edge portion (12), the second side edge portion (12) includes a plurality of third warp ground yarns (23), and the plurality of third warp ground yarns (23) are each fully drawn yarns (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)) containing plant-derived resin.

11. A zipper chain tape, which is a zipper chain tape (1a, 1b) having a zipper tape (6) and a plurality of zipper teeth (7), the zipper tape (6) includes: a first side edge portion (11) including a core yarn (3) and a plurality of first warp ground yarns (21); and a tape main body portion (13) disposed adjacent to the first side edge portion (11) and including a plurality of second warp ground yarns (22). In this zipper tape (6), the weft yarn and all the warp ground yarns are yarns containing plant-derived resin, the first warp ground yarn (21) is a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)), the second warp ground yarn (22) is a drawn textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)), and due to the difference in their yarn types, the heat shrinkage rate of the first warp ground yarn (21) is greater than that of the second warp ground yarn (22), the plurality of zipper teeth (7) are mounted on the first side edge portion (11), and the zipper chain tape is characterized in that the number of the first warp ground yarns (21) contacted by each zipper tooth (7) is 6 or more.

12. A method for manufacturing a zipper chain tape, which is a method for manufacturing a zipper chain tape including the following steps: Weaving a zipper tape; Performing heat treatment on the zipper tape; Injection molding resin teeth onto the zipper tape that has undergone the heat treatment. In this method for manufacturing a zipper chain tape, the zipper tape is a zipper tape (6) in which the weft yarn and all the warp ground yarns are yarns containing plant-derived resin, and includes: a first side edge portion (11) including a core yarn (3) and a plurality of first warp ground yarns (21), and the first side edge portion is the side edge portion provided on the side where the resin teeth (7) are fixed; and a tape main body portion (13) disposed adjacent to the first side edge portion (11) and including a plurality of second warp ground yarns (22), the first warp ground yarn (21) is a fully drawn yarn (FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn)), the second warp ground yarn (22) is a drawn textured yarn (DTY (Drawn Textured Yarn)), When the fastener tape is heat-treated, due to the difference in yarn types of the first warp base yarn and the second warp base yarn, the first warp base yarn (21) shrinks more than the second warp base yarn (22).

13. The method for manufacturing a zipper stringer according to claim 12, characterized in that: The plurality of first warp base yarns (21) include a first subgroup (S1) of P first warp base yarns (21) in an area closer to the belt main body (13) than the core yarn (3) and a second subgroup (S2) of Q first warp base yarns (21) arranged at a position closer to the belt main body (13) than the first subgroup (S1), wherein P represents a natural number greater than 3, and Q represents a natural number smaller than P. The first subgroup (S1) is arranged to overlap with the region (R1) where the resin fastener elements are to be fixed. The second subgroup (S2) is provided at a position where the resin fastener element is not scheduled to be fixed.

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