Design method of bearing bracket suitable for thin plate segment normal standing

Abstract

The application provides a bearing bracket suitable for normal placement of a thin plate segment and a design method thereof. The design method designs two types of general brackets corresponding to the structure interval according to the structure size of the thin plate segment and the total segment. The two types of brackets are calculated and analyzed by using a finite element calculation method, and the brackets meet the structural strength requirement. The finite element calculation and analysis of the normal placement scheme of the selected typical thin plate segment meet the accuracy construction requirement of the deformation of the segment and the bracket. The bracket structure is simple and reusable, has strong universality, can be suitable for the normal placement scheme of thin plate segments of various sizes, effectively controls the structural deformation of the thin plate segment, and provides favorable conditions for ship production and manufacturing transportation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shipbuilding technology, and in particular to a load-bearing bracket suitable for the normal placement of thin plate sections and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] After the hull parts are assembled and welded according to the assembly plan, they form individual sections. Before being hoisted, these sections need to be placed on jigs, a process known as "laying." The optimal construction method for each hull section is selected based on its structural characteristics, generally categorized into three types: normal, reverse, and horizontal. Typically, most sections are constructed in a reverse configuration with the inner bottom as the base. This construction process requires cranes and lifting frames to repeatedly turn the sections over. The subsequent work of turning the lifting frames and removing reinforcements increases the labor intensity of the construction workers. Furthermore, thin-plate sections are prone to deformation during welding after being turned over, failing to meet precision requirements and necessitating rework, significantly impacting production efficiency. Additionally, reverse-laying sections are susceptible to water accumulation during the rainy season, affecting section construction.

[0003] Shipbuilding sections are mostly thin-plate semi-three-dimensional sections (thin-plate sections), with plate thicknesses generally below 8mm. Most deck areas are 5-6mm thick, and light secondary bulkhead areas are 3-4mm thick, making them highly susceptible to structural deformation. Moreover, most sections are placed in an inverted state after demolding, requiring multiple turnings, which is detrimental to deformation control of thin-plate sections and affects the accuracy control of shipbuilding construction.

[0004] To reduce the number of times the plates are turned over and control the deformation of the thin plate segments, a normal shelving scheme for the thin plate segments is implemented, such as... Figure 1 As shown. However, some segmented structures have very thin transverse and longitudinal bulkheads with weak strength and a certain slope in the bow and stern directions. When normally placed for sand flushing, there is no support point, so a suitable support bracket structure 200 needs to be placed under the thin plate segment 100.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a suitable load-bearing bracket that takes into account the characteristics of the segmented normal placement of thin plates. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a normalized universal support bracket suitable for thin plate segments and its design method. The invention designs a universal support bracket corresponding to the structural dimensions of the thin plate segments and overall sections, and uses finite element analysis software to check and optimize the structural strength of the universal support bracket to ensure that it meets strength requirements. The application of the normalized universal support bracket can effectively control thin plate deformation, thereby improving the precision control of shipbuilding and reducing costs while increasing efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides a support bracket suitable for the normal placement of thin plates in segments. The support bracket includes a first type of frame, a second type of frame, and a support column for supporting the first type of frame or the second type of frame. The first type of frame and the support column form a first type of bracket, and the second type of frame and the support column form a second type of bracket.

[0008] The frame includes a rectangular first frame, which includes two first horizontal sides and two first vertical sides.

[0009] Viewed from above, the frame has three longitudinal beams arranged in the middle of the first frame, which are arranged in the middle and divide the frame into four equal parts. There are also three transverse beams arranged in the middle of the first frame. The first and third transverse beams divide the first frame into three equal parts in the middle, and the second transverse beam is located at the axis of symmetry of the first frame.

[0010] The first crossbeam forms two symmetrical first intersection points with the two first longitudinal sides, and the third crossbeam also forms two symmetrical first intersection points with the two first longitudinal sides. Each of the first intersection points is connected to the midpoint of its nearest first crossbeam through an inclined beam, forming a total of 4 inclined beams.

[0011] Preferably, the first horizontal edge, the first vertical edge, the horizontal beam, the vertical beam, and the diagonal beam are all I-beams, and the I-beam includes a top panel, a bottom panel, and a vertical web that connects the top panel and the bottom panel.

[0012] Preferably, the first longitudinal edge between the first intersection point and the corner point of the nearest first frame is a reinforcing section, and the second longitudinal beams between the first crossbeam and the third crossbeam and the nearest first crossbeam are also reinforcing sections. A reinforcing elbow plate is provided at the midpoint of the reinforcing section. The reinforcing elbow plate is located between the upper panel and the lower panel and is vertically fixedly connected to the vertical web plate. The entire first-class frame has a total of 6 reinforcing elbow plates.

[0013] Preferably, a U-shaped support groove is fixed below the lower panel at the reinforcing elbow plate and the four corner points of the first frame. The U-shaped support groove includes three vertically arranged side plates. The three side plates are vertically connected end to end to form a three-sided enclosure and corresponding side openings. The upper edge of the side plate is fixedly connected to the lower panel, and the side plate has an elliptical fixing hole inside to connect the support column.

[0014] Preferably, the supporting column includes a base plate and a column body perpendicular to the base plate. The lower part of the column body is provided with reinforcing plates connected to the base plate around its perimeter to provide reinforcement. A horizontal through hole is formed at the top of the column body. The supporting column is inserted into the U-shaped support groove. The fixing hole communicates with the through hole to achieve fixation by bolts or welding.

[0015] Preferably, the second frame includes two second horizontal sides and two second vertical sides; viewed from above, the second frame has longitudinally arranged longitudinal supports inside, and the six longitudinal supports are arranged horizontally and divide the second frame into seven equal parts; the second frame also has three longitudinally arranged horizontal supports inside, and the three horizontal supports divide the first frame into four equal parts along the longitudinal direction.

[0016] The two types of frames are divided into four sections along the horizontal and vertical axes of symmetry. Each of the four sections includes a first diagonal brace and a second diagonal brace. The first diagonal brace and the second diagonal brace of two adjacent sections are symmetrically distributed about the horizontal or vertical axis of symmetry.

[0017] Within the first partition, the first horizontal brace adjacent to the second horizontal side forms a second intersection point with the second vertical side, the first vertical brace adjacent to the second vertical side forms a third intersection point with the second horizontal side, and the second and third intersection points are connected by a first diagonal brace, the first vertical brace adjacent to the second vertical side forms a fourth intersection point with the second horizontal brace located on the transverse axis of symmetry of the second type of frame, the third vertical brace adjacent to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the second type of frame forms a fifth intersection point with the second horizontal side, and the fourth and fifth intersection points are connected by a second diagonal brace.

[0018] Preferably, the second horizontal side, the second vertical side, the horizontal brace, the vertical brace, and the diagonal brace are all I-beams; a reinforcing elbow plate is provided at the sixth intersection point formed by the second diagonal brace and the horizontal brace closest to the second horizontal side.

[0019] Preferably, the U-shaped support groove is fixed below the lower panel at the sixth intersection point, the second intersection point, the four corner points of the second frame, and the seventh intersection point formed by the longitudinal support at the sixth intersection point and the second horizontal side, so as to connect the support column.

[0020] Preferably, the first horizontal side and the first vertical side are both 12350mm; the second horizontal side is 21350mm and the second vertical side is 16350mm; the thickness of the upper panel, the lower panel, and the vertical web of the I-beam is 20mm, the height of the vertical web is 260mm, the width of the upper panel and the lower panel is 350mm, and the thickness of the reinforcing elbow plate is 20mm.

[0021] The present invention also provides a design method for the aforementioned load-bearing bracket, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1: Review the specifications, dimensions, weight, and structural characteristics of the thin plate sections to determine the types of thin plate sections suitable for the normal shelving scheme as: detachable plate sections, full-width deck sections, and manufacturing sub-assembly sections;

[0023] S2: Applicable to the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups of normally placed thin plate segments, where the width of the thin plate segment is less than 13m and the length is within 15m, of which 50% of the segment length is less than 10m; for the second, third, seventh, eighth, and ninth groups, the length of the thin plate segment is mostly more than 15m and the width is more than 14m.

[0024] S3: Based on the structural size range of the thin plate segments sorted by word group, the thin plate segments are divided into two size specifications: small-sized thin plate segments of 12m*10m and large-sized thin plate segments of 20m*15m. At the same time, two sizes of bracket structures corresponding to the thin plate segments and the main segments are designed: the first type of bracket for supporting and transporting small-sized thin plate segments, and the second type of bracket for supporting and transporting large-sized thin plate segments.

[0025] S4: Use Frasttrack finite element calculation software to perform finite element strength calculation analysis on the designed Type I and Type II brackets, and check the structural stress and deformation of the brackets themselves when subjected to segmented and total segmental gravity to see if they meet the construction requirements.

[0026] Based on the maximum weight of the thin plate segments, the gravity was converted into a uniformly distributed force and applied to the bracket using finite element software. After multiplying by a safety factor of 1.5, the calculation and analysis showed that: for type I brackets, the deformation was within 4 mm when subjected to a maximum uniformly distributed load of 150 t; for type II brackets, the deformation was within 5.7 mm when subjected to a maximum uniformly distributed load of 240 t. Therefore, the structural stress and deformation of the brackets themselves were considered to meet the requirements.

[0027] S5: Select a typical thin plate segment and use Frasttrack finite element calculation software to simulate the normal placement scheme of the thin plate segment. Check the actual deformation of the segment and the bracket when the thin plate segment is placed on the bracket to see if it meets the construction accuracy requirements.

[0028] As described above, this invention provides a load-bearing bracket and its design method suitable for the normal placement of thin plate segments. This design method designs two types of general-purpose brackets corresponding to the structural dimensions of the thin plate segments and the overall section. Finite element analysis is used to calculate and analyze the two types of brackets, and the brackets meet the structural strength requirements. Finite element analysis of a typical thin plate segment under a normal placement scheme shows that the deformation of both the segment and the bracket meets the precision construction requirements. The bracket structure is simple, reusable, and highly versatile, applicable to normal placement schemes of thin plate segments of various sizes. It effectively controls the structural deformation of the thin plate segments, providing favorable conditions for shipbuilding, manufacturing, and transportation. Finite element analysis showed that the maximum stress of the two types of brackets under the maximum load meets the structural strength requirements, and the deformation meets the construction accuracy requirements. Calculations and analysis of a typical thin-plate segmented normal bearing scheme showed that the bracket deformation is within 1mm, and the thin-plate segment deformation is within 3.4mm, with larger deformations occurring near the free edge region. The normal bearing universal bracket has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble, and is suitable for segmented bearing of different ship types and specifications. It is highly versatile, reusable, and has a wide range of applications. Furthermore, when not in use, the universal bracket can be stacked by removing the supporting columns in the support groove, making disassembly convenient and space-saving. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a side view of the normal shelving scheme.

[0030] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a top view of a type of frame in this invention.

[0031] Figure 3 Displayed as Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction.

[0032] Figure 4 Displayed as Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the BB direction.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a side view of the supporting column.

[0034] Figure 6 Displayed as Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the EE direction.

[0035] Figure 7 Displayed as Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the FF direction.

[0036] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a top view of the two types of frames in this invention.

[0037] Figure 9Displayed as Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the CC direction.

[0038] Figure 10 Displayed as Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the DD direction.

[0039] Component designation explanation

[0040] 1. A type of framework

[0041] 2. Two-class framework

[0042] 3. Strengthen the elbow plate

[0043] 4 U-shaped support groove

[0044] 5. Top panel

[0045] 6. Bottom panel

[0046] 7 Fixing holes

[0047] 8. Vertical web

[0048] 11 First horizontal edge

[0049] 12 First vertical edge

[0050] 13 Longitudinal beams

[0051] 14. Crossbeam

[0052] 15. Inclined beam

[0053] 19 Columns

[0054] 20 Reinforced uprights

[0055] 21 Second horizontal edge

[0056] 22 Second vertical edge

[0057] 23. Longitudinal brace

[0058] 24 Horizontal braces

[0059] 25 First diagonal brace

[0060] 26 Second diagonal brace

[0061] 100 Thin Plate Segmentation

[0062] 200 Support bracket structure

[0063] 300 First Division

[0064] 202 Second intersection

[0065] 203 Third intersection

[0066] 204 Fourth intersection point

[0067] 205 Fifth intersection point

[0068] 206 Sixth intersection point

[0069] 207 Seventh intersection Detailed Implementation

[0070] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0071] In the detailed description of embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged and not to scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In actual fabrication, the three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0072] For ease of description, spatial relation terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower than,” “below,” “above,” and “upper” may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the accompanying drawings and other elements or features. It will be understood that these spatial relation terms are intended to include directions other than those depicted in the drawings for the device in use or operation. Furthermore, when a layer is referred to as being “between” two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or there may be one or more layers in between. The phrase “between” as used herein includes both endpoint values.

[0073] In the context of this application, the structure described above the first feature may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, or embodiments in which additional features are formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact.

[0074] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the illustrations only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0075] The load-bearing bracket in this invention is mainly divided into upper and lower structures. The upper structure is primarily a frame structure composed of I-beams, reinforced with transverse, longitudinal, and diagonal reinforcements. Support columns are installed below the frame structure, forming the lower structure. The upper frame forms the load-bearing structure, mainly used to support the weight of the segments when placed in a normal arrangement. The lower support columns provide structural support. The two parts can be flexibly disassembled and installed, and are fixed by welding. Furthermore, the upper frame can be stacked, reducing the space occupied during storage.

[0076] The design method for the load-bearing bracket in this invention includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Review the specifications, dimensions, weight, and structural characteristics of the thin plate sections (including the spacing between hull ribs and the spacing between main structural members) to determine the types of thin plate sections suitable for the normal shelving scheme as: detachable plate sections, full-width deck sections, and manufacturing sub-assembly sections.

[0078] S2: Applicable to the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups of normally placed thin plate segments, where the width of the thin plate segment is less than 13m and the length is within 15m, of which 50% of the segment length is less than 10m; for the second, third, seventh, eighth, and ninth groups, the length of the thin plate segment is mostly more than 15m and the width is more than 14m.

[0079] S3: Based on the structural size range of the thin plate segments sorted by word group, the thin plate segments are divided into two size specifications: small-sized thin plate segments of 12m*10m and large-sized thin plate segments of 20m*15m. At the same time, two sizes of bracket structures corresponding to the thin plate segments and the main segments are designed: a type I bracket for supporting and transporting small-sized thin plate segments, and a type II bracket for supporting and transporting large-sized thin plate segments.

[0080] S4: The Frasttrack finite element calculation software was used to perform finite element strength calculation analysis on the designed Class I and Class II brackets. The structural stress and deformation of the two types of general-purpose brackets under the gravity of segments and the whole segment were checked to see if they met the construction requirements.

[0081] Based on the statistical maximum weight of the thin plate segments, finite element analysis was used to convert gravity into a uniformly distributed force applied to the bracket, multiplied by a safety factor of 1.5. The analysis showed that: for type I brackets, the deformation is within 4mm when subjected to a maximum uniformly distributed load of 150t; for type II brackets, the deformation is within 5.7mm when subjected to a maximum uniformly distributed load of 240t. The structural stress and deformation of the brackets under gravity both meet the requirements.

[0082] S5: Select a typical thin plate segment and use Frasttrack finite element calculation software to simulate the normal placement scheme of the thin plate segment. Check the actual deformation of the segment and the bracket when the thin plate segment is placed on the bracket to see if it meets the construction accuracy requirements.

[0083] The specific structure of the load-bearing bracket is described in detail below:

[0084] like Figures 2 to 10 As shown, the present invention provides a support bracket suitable for the segmented normal placement of thin plates. The support bracket includes a first type of frame 1, a second type of frame 2, and a support column for supporting the first type of frame 1 or the second type of frame 2. The first type of frame 1 and the support column form a first type of bracket, and the second type of frame 2 and the support column form a second type of bracket.

[0085] The first type of frame 1 includes a rectangular first enclosure, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the first frame includes two first horizontal sides 11 and two first vertical sides 12;

[0086] Viewed from above, the frame 1 has three longitudinal beams 13 arranged horizontally inside the first frame, which divide the frame into four equal parts. Inside the first frame, there are also three transverse beams 14 arranged vertically. The first and third transverse beams divide the first frame into three equal parts vertically, and the second transverse beam is located at the axis of symmetry of the first frame. Here, the first, second, and third transverse beams are arranged from top to bottom when viewed from above, and the first, second, ... longitudinal beams are arranged from left to right when viewed from above.

[0087] The first crossbeam forms two symmetrical first intersection points with the two first longitudinal sides 12, and the third crossbeam also forms two symmetrical first intersection points with the two first longitudinal sides 12. Each of the first intersection points is connected to the midpoint of its nearest first crossbeam 11 through an inclined beam 15, forming a total of 4 inclined beams 15.

[0088] The first horizontal edge 11, the first vertical edge 12, the horizontal beam 14, the vertical beam 13, and the diagonal beam 15 are all I-beams, see reference. Figure 4 The I-beam includes an upper panel 5, a lower panel 6, and a vertical web 8 that vertically connects the upper panel 5 and the lower panel 6.

[0089] The first longitudinal edge between the first intersection point and the corner point of its nearest first frame is a reinforcing section. The second longitudinal beams between the first and third crossbeams and their nearest first crossbeams are also reinforcing sections. A reinforcing elbow plate 3 is provided at the midpoint of the reinforcing section. The reinforcing elbow plate 3 is located between the upper panel 5 and the lower panel 6 and is vertically fixedly connected to the vertical web plate 8. The entire frame has a total of 6 reinforcing elbow plates 3.

[0090] Further, see Figure 3 U-shaped support grooves 4 are fixed below the lower panel at the reinforcing elbow plate and the four corner points. The U-shaped support grooves 4 include three vertically arranged side plates. The three side plates are vertically connected end to end to form a three-sided enclosure and corresponding side openings. The upper edge of the side plate is fixedly connected to the lower panel 6. The side plate has an elliptical fixing hole 7 inside to connect the support column.

[0091] See Figures 5 to 7 The supporting column includes a base plate and a column 19 perpendicular to the base plate. The lower part of the column 19 is provided with reinforcing plates 20 connected to the base plate to provide reinforcement. A horizontal through hole is formed at the top of the column 19. The supporting column is inserted into the U-shaped support groove. The fixing hole is connected to the through hole to achieve fixation by bolts or welding.

[0092] Specifically, the dimensions of the frame are as follows: the first horizontal side 11 and the first vertical side 12 are both 12350mm, the distance between the first and third horizontal beams is 4000mm, and the distance between two adjacent vertical beams is 3000mm.

[0093] The top, bottom, and vertical webs of the I-beams are all 20mm thick, with a vertical web height of 260mm and a top and bottom width of 350mm. The reinforcing elbows are 20mm thick. Through optimized design of the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal beams, the load-bearing requirements are met while minimizing weight. Reinforcing elbows are used at weak points instead of horizontal and vertical beams, ensuring strength while reducing the use of I-beams, resulting in a rational overall frame structure layout. Furthermore, the arrangement of the U-shaped support channels is optimized, placing them at the intersections of the I-beams to ensure their support strength.

[0094] Furthermore, the second type of frame 2 includes a rectangular second enclosure, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the second frame includes two second horizontal sides 21 and two second vertical sides 22;

[0095] Looking down at the two types of frames from above, there are longitudinally arranged longitudinal supports 23 inside the second frame. Six longitudinal supports 23 are arranged in the transverse direction and divide the second frame into seven equal parts. There are also three longitudinally arranged transverse supports 24 inside the second frame. The three transverse supports 24 divide the first frame into four equal parts in the longitudinal direction.

[0096] The second type of frame is divided into four sections along the horizontal axis of symmetry and the vertical axis of symmetry. Each of the four sections includes a first diagonal brace 25 and a second diagonal brace 26. The first diagonal brace 25 and the second diagonal brace 26 of two adjacent sections are symmetrically distributed about the horizontal axis of symmetry or the vertical axis of symmetry.

[0097] Within the first partition 300, the first horizontal brace adjacent to the second horizontal side 21 forms a second intersection point 202 with the second vertical side, and the first vertical brace adjacent to the second vertical side forms a third intersection point 203 with the second horizontal side. The second intersection point 202 and the third intersection point 203 are connected by a first diagonal brace 25. The first vertical brace adjacent to the second vertical side forms a fourth intersection point 204 with the second horizontal brace located on the transverse axis of symmetry of the second type of frame. The third vertical brace adjacent to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the second type of frame forms a fifth intersection point 205 with the second horizontal side. The fourth intersection point 204 and the fifth intersection point 205 are connected by a second diagonal brace. Here, the first, second, and third horizontal braces are in the order from top to bottom when viewed from above, and the first, second, ... vertical braces are in the order from left to right when viewed from above.

[0098] The second horizontal side, the second vertical side, the horizontal brace, the vertical brace, and the diagonal brace are all I-beams. The I-beam includes a top panel, a bottom panel, and a vertical web that connects the top panel and the bottom panel.

[0099] A reinforcing elbow plate is provided at the sixth intersection point 206 between the second diagonal brace and the horizontal brace closest to the second horizontal side. Similar to the first type of frame, the reinforcing elbow plate is located between the upper panel and the lower panel and is vertically fixedly connected to the vertical web plate. The entire second type of frame has a total of 4 reinforcing elbow plates.

[0100] Further, see Figures 9 to 10 The U-shaped support groove 4 is also fixed below the lower panel at the sixth intersection point 206, the second intersection point 202, the four corner points, and the seventh intersection point 207 formed by the longitudinal brace at the sixth intersection point 206 and the second transverse side, to connect the support column. The structure of the U-shaped support groove 4 and the support column can be found in the description of a type of frame, and will not be repeated here.

[0101] Specifically, the dimensions of the second type of frame are as follows: the second horizontal side 21 is 21350mm and the second vertical side 22 is 16350mm. Through optimized design of the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal braces of the second type of frame, the load-bearing requirements are met while minimizing weight. By using reinforced elbow plates instead of horizontal and vertical bracing structures at weak points, strength is ensured while reducing the use of I-beams, resulting in a rational overall frame structure layout. Furthermore, the arrangement of the U-shaped support grooves has been optimized, placing them at the intersections of the I-beams to ensure their support strength.

[0102] As a supplement, when using brackets for normal placement and transportation of sections and main sections, the deck support can be increased by using the jacking of the channel steel to ensure that the structural deck surface remains horizontal during section placement and transportation. If the section wall is thin and the structure is weak, thin wooden pads can also be added at the lower end of the wall.

[0103] In summary, this invention provides a load-bearing bracket and its design method suitable for the normal placement of thin plate segments. This design method designs two types of general-purpose brackets corresponding to the structural dimensions of the thin plate segments and the overall section. Finite element analysis (FEM) is used to calculate and analyze the two types of brackets, and the brackets meet the structural strength requirements. FEM analysis of a typical thin plate segment under a normal placement scheme shows that the deformation of both the segment and the bracket meets the precision construction requirements. The bracket structure is simple, reusable, and highly versatile, applicable to normal placement schemes of thin plate segments of various sizes. It effectively controls the structural deformation of the thin plate segments, providing favorable conditions for shipbuilding and transportation. Finite element analysis showed that the maximum stress of the two types of brackets under the maximum load meets the structural strength requirements, and the deformation meets the construction accuracy requirements. Calculations and analysis of a typical thin-plate segmented normal bearing scheme showed that the bracket deformation is within 1mm, and the thin-plate segment deformation is within 3.4mm, with larger deformations occurring near the free edge region. The normal bearing universal bracket has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble, and is suitable for segmented bearing of different ship types and specifications. It is highly versatile, reusable, and has a wide range of applications. Furthermore, when not in use, the universal bracket can be stacked by removing the supporting columns in the support groove, making disassembly convenient and space-saving.

[0104] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a load-bearing bracket suitable for the segmented normal placement of thin plates, characterized in that, The load-bearing bracket includes a type I frame, a type II frame, and support columns for supporting the type I frame and the type II frame. The type I frame and the support columns form a type I bracket, and the type II frame and the support columns form a type II bracket. The frame includes a rectangular first frame, which includes two first horizontal sides and two first vertical sides. Viewed from above, the frame has three longitudinal beams arranged in the middle of the first frame, which are arranged in the middle and divide the frame into four equal parts. There are also three transverse beams arranged in the middle of the first frame. The first and third transverse beams divide the first frame into three equal parts in the middle, and the second transverse beam is located at the axis of symmetry of the first frame. The first crossbeam forms two symmetrical first intersection points with the two first longitudinal sides, and the third crossbeam also forms two symmetrical first intersection points with the two first longitudinal sides. Each of the first intersection points is connected to the midpoint of its nearest first crossbeam through an inclined beam, forming a total of 4 inclined beams. The design methodology includes the following steps: S1: Review the specifications, dimensions, weight, and structural characteristics of the thin plate sections to determine the types of thin plate sections suitable for the normal shelving scheme as: detachable plate sections, full-width deck sections, and manufacturing sub-assembly sections; S2: Applicable to the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups of normally placed thin plate segments, where the width of the thin plate segment is less than 13m and the length is within 15m, of which 50% of the segment length is less than 10m; for the second, third, seventh, eighth, and ninth groups, the length of the thin plate segment is mostly more than 15m and the width is more than 14m. S3: Based on the structural size range of the thin plate segments sorted by word group, the thin plate segments are divided into two size specifications: small-sized thin plate segments of 12m*10m and large-sized thin plate segments of 20m*15m. At the same time, two sizes of bracket structures corresponding to the thin plate segments and the main segments are designed: a type I bracket for supporting and transporting small-sized thin plate segments, and a type II bracket for supporting and transporting large-sized thin plate segments. S4: Use Frasttrack finite element calculation software to perform finite element strength calculation analysis on the designed Type I and Type II brackets, and check the structural stress and deformation of the brackets themselves when subjected to segmented and total segmental gravity to see if they meet the construction requirements. Based on the maximum weight of the thin plate segments, the gravity was converted into a uniformly distributed force and applied to the bracket using finite element software. After multiplying by a safety factor of 1.5, the calculation and analysis showed that: for type I brackets, the deformation was within 4 mm when subjected to a maximum uniformly distributed load of 150 t; for type II brackets, the deformation was within 5.7 mm when subjected to a maximum uniformly distributed load of 240 t. Therefore, the structural stress and deformation of the brackets themselves were considered to meet the requirements. S5: Select a typical thin plate segment and use Frasttrack finite element calculation software to simulate the normal placement scheme of the thin plate segment. Check the actual deformation of the segment and the bracket when the thin plate segment is placed on the bracket to see if it meets the construction accuracy requirements.

2. The design method of the bearing bracket applicable to the segmented normal placement of thin plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first horizontal side, the first vertical side, the horizontal beam, the vertical beam, and the diagonal beam are all I-beams. The I-beam includes a top panel, a bottom panel, and a vertical web that connects the top panel and the bottom panel.

3. The design method for a support bracket suitable for segmented normal placement of thin plates according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first longitudinal edge between the first intersection point and the corner point of the nearest first frame is a reinforcing section. The second longitudinal beams between the first crossbeam and the third crossbeam and the nearest first crossbeam are also reinforcing sections. A reinforcing elbow plate is provided at the midpoint of the reinforcing section. The reinforcing elbow plate is located between the upper panel and the lower panel and is vertically fixedly connected to the vertical web plate. The entire first-class frame has a total of 6 reinforcing elbow plates.

4. The design method of the bearing bracket applicable to the segmented normal placement of thin plates according to claim 3, characterized in that: U-shaped support grooves are also fixed below the lower panel at the reinforcing elbow plate and the four corner points of the first frame. The U-shaped support groove includes three vertically arranged side plates. The three side plates are vertically connected end to end to form a three-sided enclosure and corresponding side openings. The upper edge of the side plate is fixedly connected to the lower panel. The side plate has an elliptical fixing hole inside to connect the support column.

5. The design method of the bearing bracket applicable to the segmented normal placement of thin plates according to claim 4, characterized in that: The supporting column includes a base plate and a column body perpendicular to the base plate. The lower part of the column body is provided with reinforcing plates connected to the base plate around its perimeter to provide reinforcement. A horizontal through hole is formed at the top of the column body. The supporting column is inserted into the U-shaped support groove. The fixing hole communicates with the through hole to achieve fixation by bolts or welding.

6. The design method of the bearing bracket applicable to the segmented normal placement of thin plates according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second type of frame includes a rectangular second frame, which includes two second horizontal sides and two second vertical sides. Viewed from above, the second type of frame has longitudinally arranged longitudinal braces inside the second frame, with six longitudinal braces arranged horizontally and dividing the second frame into seven equal parts. Inside the second frame, there are also three longitudinally arranged horizontal braces, which divide the first frame into four equal parts along the longitudinal direction. The two types of frames are divided into four sections along the horizontal and vertical axes of symmetry. Each of the four sections includes a first diagonal brace and a second diagonal brace. The first diagonal brace and the second diagonal brace of two adjacent sections are symmetrically distributed about the horizontal or vertical axis of symmetry. Within the first partition, the first horizontal brace adjacent to the second horizontal side forms a second intersection point with the second vertical side, the first vertical brace adjacent to the second vertical side forms a third intersection point with the second horizontal side, and the second and third intersection points are connected by a first diagonal brace, the first vertical brace adjacent to the second vertical side forms a fourth intersection point with the second horizontal brace located on the transverse axis of symmetry of the second type of frame, the third vertical brace adjacent to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the second type of frame forms a fifth intersection point with the second horizontal side, and the fourth and fifth intersection points are connected by a second diagonal brace.

7. The design method of the bearing bracket applicable to the segmented normal placement of thin plates according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second horizontal side, the second vertical side, the horizontal brace, the vertical brace, and the diagonal brace are all I-beams; a reinforcing elbow plate is provided at the sixth intersection point formed by the second diagonal brace and the horizontal brace closest to the second horizontal side.

8. The design method for a support bracket suitable for segmented normal placement of thin plates according to claim 7, characterized in that: The U-shaped support groove is also fixed below the lower panel at the sixth intersection point, the second intersection point, the four corner points of the second frame, and the seventh intersection point formed by the longitudinal brace at the sixth intersection point and the second horizontal side, so as to connect the support column.

9. The design method of the bearing bracket applicable to the segmented normal placement of thin plates according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first horizontal side and the first vertical side are both 12350mm; the second horizontal side is 21350mm and the second vertical side is 16350mm; the thickness of the upper panel, the lower panel, and the vertical web of the I-beam is 20mm, the height of the vertical web is 260mm, the width of the upper panel and the lower panel is 350mm, and the thickness of the reinforcing elbow plate is 20mm.

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