An ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion simulation wellbore experimental device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of completion simulation experiment, and relates to a simulated wellbore device for simulating completion working conditions under high temperature and high pressure, characterized in that the device mainly comprises a pressure-bearing shell, a supporting device, simulated formation materials and a temperature and pressure control device; the simulated formation materials include cement layers, permeable layers, rock layers and the like, and the simulation effect thereof is closer to the real formation condition than that of using plastic and sand particles; the supporting device and the temperature and pressure control device can simulate the hole inclination angle and the high pressure and high temperature working condition of the completion operation; the pressure-bearing shell adopts multiple sealing modes such as thread sealing, gasket sealing and sealing ring sealing, and can ensure the high temperature and high pressure working condition during the experiment; meanwhile, the hydraulic motor can be used to control the inclination angle of the wellbore to simulate the hole inclination angle; the present application provides a simulated wellbore device capable of simulating the high temperature and high pressure completion working condition, and provides an experimental basis for the completion operation under complex and severe well conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling and completion simulation experiments, and in particular to a wellbore simulation experimental device for ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion. Background Technology

[0002] As the focus of exploration and development shifts from shallow and intermediate formations to unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as deep formations, deep-sea areas, and shale gas, the oil and gas storage environment is becoming increasingly complex, with more and more special oil and gas reservoirs emerging. Oil and gas extraction faces numerous new global challenges. For example, in the Ledong 10 block of the Yinggehai Basin in the northern South China Sea, the downhole temperature reaches as high as 212.5℃, and the formation pressure coefficient reaches 2.30 g / cm³. The complex geological conditions make drilling and completion operations exceptionally difficult. To improve oil and gas well completion technology, cope with complex well conditions, and study the mechanisms of oil and gas well production enhancement, well completion simulation experiments are the most effective and widely used research method. Currently, there are many invention patents related to well completion simulation experiments. However, among these patents, the simulation of the wellbore structure is relatively simple, emphasizing the wellbore itself and rarely simulating the formation conditions under which the completion operation takes place. Furthermore, the simulated working pressure and temperature are low, and only a single simulation experiment can be conducted. This results in the inability to truly and completely reflect the well completion conditions. For example, patent 201210071679.4 uses PVC rigid plastic particles to fill the simulated annulus to simulate horizontal well seepage experiments, and patent application 201210182456.5 proposes to select the required formulation materials to simulate the formation area. Both of them use the principle of similarity to conduct simulation experiments. Therefore, the formation simulation effect is somewhat different from the real formation condition, and it cannot simulate the original formation pressure.

[0003] Research revealed that in the field of well completion simulation, there are no inventions or creations of well completion simulation wellbore devices for simulating various experimental conditions, and no inventions or publications have been found on methods and ideas for reproducing real formation conditions and simulating high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to provide an ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion simulation wellbore experimental device, which can meet the pressure, temperature, and formation conditions required for simulating seepage, fracturing, oil and gas production, and oil and gas migration experiments, providing an experimental basis for solving the above-mentioned well completion technical problems.

[0005] An ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion simulation wellbore experimental device is composed of a pressure vessel (1), cast copper heating tile (2), expansion material (3), liquid permeable tile (4), rock layer (5), cement layer (6), casing (7), plug nut (8), end cap (9), fastening screw (10), support bearing (11), wellbore support (12), coupling (13), and hydraulic motor (14).

[0006] The pressure vessel body (1) is fixed to the end cap (9) at both ends by fastening screws (10);

[0007] The cement layer (6) is wrapped around the sleeve (7), the rock layer (5) is wrapped around the cement layer (6), the liquid permeable tile (4) is wrapped around the rock layer (6), the liquid permeable tile (4) forms an annular gap between the liquid permeable tile (4) and the inner wall of the pressure vessel (1), the expansion material (3) is arranged in the annular gap, and the cast copper heating tile (2) is wrapped around the small diameter of the middle section of the pressure vessel (1).

[0008] The pressure vessel body (1) is externally welded with a support shaft (103), and the support shaft (103) is hinged to the well support (12) through a support bearing (11);

[0009] The hydraulic motor output shaft (1401) is connected to the coupling (13), and the other end of the coupling (13) is connected to the support shaft (103).

[0010] The pressure vessel body (1) is provided with a connecting pipe boss (101) in the middle. An injection hole (102) is provided on the connecting pipe boss (101). The injection hole (102) passes through the connecting pipe boss (101) and the pressure vessel body (1), connecting the inside and outside of the pressure vessel body (1), and is used to inject a high-pressure fluid mixture into it. Support shafts (103) are welded at 90° positions on both sides of the injection hole (102) to support the pressure vessel body (1) and facilitate the simulation of well inclination angle.

[0011] The liquid-permeable tile (4) is made of carbon fiber material. Carbon fiber has good permeability and high strength. It can control the uniform infiltration of oil, gas and water into the rock layer (5) and bear ultra-high pressure load.

[0012] The cast copper heating tile (2) is divided into a semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) and a semi-cast copper heating tile B (202) by the cylindrical axis. The semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) is provided with a through hole A (203) corresponding to the connecting pipe boss (101) in the middle. Both the semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) and the semi-cast copper heating tile B (202) are provided with connecting plates (204) on both sides. The connecting plates are provided with a support shaft (103) corresponding to the through hole B (205) in the middle. 6-10 through holes C (206) are evenly arranged at both ends of the through hole. The semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) and the semi-cast copper heating tile B (202) are connected by the connecting plates (204) to form the cast copper heating tile (2) as a whole. After being powered on, it can generate heat to heat the simulated well shaft device.

[0013] The expansion material (3) consists of expansion material A (301) and expansion material B (302) with different expansion coefficients. Expansion material A (301) and expansion material B (302) are arranged facing each other and are evenly arranged between the pressure vessel body (1) and the liquid permeable tile (4). When energized, expansion material A (301) and expansion material B (302) with different expansion coefficients produce different deformations, thereby squeezing the rock layer (5) and generating different extrusion forces, thus simulating the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses of the stratum.

[0014] The plug nut (8) is connected at the contact point between the sleeve (7) and the end cap (9), and is fixed to the end cap (9) by the pipe sealing thread (801). An O-ring radial seal 1 (802), an O-ring radial seal 2 (803) and an end face seal (805) are provided between the plug nut (8) and the sleeve (7), and an O-ring seal 3 (804) is provided between the sleeve (7) and the end cap (9).

[0015] The three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (1403) is of type O. When the angle sensor (1406) detects that the simulated well inclination angle reaches the target well inclination angle, the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (1403) is de-energized, so that it is in the neutral position, the hydraulic oil cannot enter or exit the hydraulic motor (14), the hydraulic motor (14) does not rotate, and the well inclination angle remains constant.

[0016] This invention has the following advantages: It belongs to a well completion experiment simulation wellbore device, which is designed to withstand high working pressure and temperature, realizes the simulation and control of the original formation pressure, uses real rock samples to restore the formation state at the time of well completion, and designs a high temperature and high pressure seal to ensure the environmental protection and safety of the experiment. It proposes a well inclination simulation method and a highly permeable liquid permeable tile form, which can safely, completely and realistically carry out well completion simulation experiments, and provides an equipment foundation for various simulation experiments under various well conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the wellbore for a well completion experiment simulation;

[0018] Figure 2 A diagram simulating the external structure of the wellbore for a well completion experiment;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship of the hydraulic motor;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure vessel.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a simulated well inclination angle control system.

[0022] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the structure of semi-cast copper heating tile A;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the expanding material;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the plug nut and its sealing structure.

[0025] In the diagram: 1-Pressure vessel body, 2-Cast copper heating tile, 3-Expansion material, 4-Permeable tile, 5-Rock layer, 6-Cement layer, 7-Casing, 8-Plug nut, 9-End cap, 10-Fasting screw, 11-Support bearing, 12-Wellbore support, 13-Coupling, 14-Hydraulic motor, 101-Connecting pipe boss, 102-Injection hole, 103-Support shaft, 203-Through hole A, 204-Connecting plate, 205-Through hole B, 2 06-Through hole C, 301-Expansion material A, 302-Expansion material B, 801-Sealing threaded connection, 802-Radial seal 1, 803-Radial seal 2, 804-Radial seal 3, 805-End face seal, 1401-Hydraulic motor output shaft, 1402-Hydraulic pump, 1403-Three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, 1404-PLC controller, 1405-Remote control terminal, 1406-Angle sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description:

[0027] like Figure 1-6 As shown: A simulated wellbore experimental device for ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion includes a pressure vessel (1), cast copper heating tiles (2), expansion material (3), liquid permeable tiles (4), rock layer (5), cement layer (6), casing (7), plug nut (8), end cap (9), fastening screw (10), support bearing (11), wellbore support (12), coupling (13), and hydraulic motor (14).

[0028] The equipment is connected in the following order: the two ends of the pressure vessel body (1) are fixed to the end cap (9) by fastening screws (10); the cement layer (6) is wrapped around the sleeve (7), the rock layer (5) is wrapped around the cement layer (6), the liquid permeable tile (4) is wrapped around the rock layer (6), and an annular gap is formed between the liquid permeable tile (4) and the inner wall of the pressure vessel body (1); the expansion material (3) is arranged in the annular gap, and the cast copper heating tile (2) is wrapped around the small diameter of the middle section of the pressure vessel body (1);

[0029] The pressure vessel body (1) is welded with a support shaft (103), which is hinged to the well support (12) via a support bearing (11); the pressure motor output shaft (1401) is connected to a coupling (13), which is connected to the support shaft (103).

[0030] A pipe protrusion (101) is provided in the middle of the pressure vessel body (1). An injection hole (102) is provided on the pipe protrusion (101). The injection hole (102) passes through the pipe protrusion (101) and the pressure vessel body (1), connecting the inside and outside of the pressure vessel body (1), and is used to inject a high-pressure fluid mixture into it. Support shafts (103) are welded at 90° positions on both sides of the injection hole (102) to support the pressure vessel body (1) and facilitate the simulation of well inclination angle.

[0031] The cast copper heating tile (2) is divided into a semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) and a semi-cast copper heating tile B (202) by the cylindrical axis. The semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) has a through hole A (203) corresponding to the connecting pipe boss (101) in the middle. Both the semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) and the semi-cast copper heating tile B (202) have connecting plates (204) on both sides. The connecting plate has a support shaft (103) corresponding to the through hole B (205) in the middle. 6-10 through holes C (206) are evenly arranged at both ends of the through hole. The semi-cast copper heating tiles A (201) and B (202) are connected by the connecting plate (204) to form the whole cast copper heating tile (2). After being powered on, it can generate heat to heat the simulated well device.

[0032] The plug nut (8) is connected at the contact point between the sleeve (7) and the end cap (9), and is fixed to the end cap (9) by the pipe sealing thread (801). An O-ring radial seal 1 (802), an O-ring radial seal 2 (803) and an end face seal (805) are provided between the plug nut (8) and the sleeve (7), and an O-ring seal 3 (804) is provided between the sleeve (7) and the end cap (9).

[0033] When using the equipment, fix the pressure vessel body (1), connect the end cap (9) to the pressure vessel body (1) with connecting bolts (10) at one end, use a forklift to lift the rock sample and internal materials such as the casing to the axial height of the pressure vessel body (1), align them axially, use a crane to load the internal materials into the pressure vessel body, and seal the other end cap (9) to start the experiment. Alternatively, multiple devices can be connected in series through high-pressure hoses and connectors to conduct related experiments at the same time. The disassembly process is the reverse.

[0034] according to Figure 2The following describes a simulated wellbore experimental apparatus for ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion. Its operation is as follows: Step 1: Power is supplied to the cast copper heating tiles and expansion material to bring the wellbore to the simulated experimental temperature and pressure conditions. Step 2: The hydraulic motor is started to rotate the simulated wellbore to the simulated well inclination. Step 3: The high-pressure pipeline is connected to the connecting pipe protrusion, and a mixed fluid is injected into the wellbore according to the experimental design. Step 4: The required experimental parameters are collected and recorded to complete the experiment.

Claims

1. A simulated wellbore experimental device for ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion, characterized in that: The device consists of a pressure vessel body (1), cast copper heating tiles (2), expansion material (3), liquid permeable tiles (4), rock layer (5), cement layer (6), casing (7), plug nut (8), end cap (9), fastening screw (10), support bearing (11), well shaft support (12), coupling (13) and hydraulic motor (14); The pressure vessel body (1) is fixed to the end cap (9) at both ends by fastening screws (10); The cement layer (6) is wrapped around the sleeve (7), the rock layer (5) is wrapped around the cement layer (6), the liquid permeable tile (4) is wrapped around the rock layer (5), and an expansion material (3) is provided between the liquid permeable tile (4) and the inner wall of the pressure vessel (1). The cast copper heating tile (2) is wrapped around the small diameter of the middle section of the pressure vessel (1). The pressure vessel body (1) is externally welded with a support shaft (103), and the support shaft (103) is hinged to the well support (12) through a support bearing (11); The hydraulic motor output shaft (1401) is connected to the coupling (13), and the other end of the coupling (13) is connected to the support shaft (103); The liquid-permeable tile (4) is made of carbon fiber. Carbon fiber has good permeability and high strength, which can control the uniform infiltration of oil, gas and water into the rock layer (5) and bear ultra-high pressure load. The expansion material (3) consists of expansion material A (301) and expansion material B (302) with different expansion coefficients. Expansion material A (301) and expansion material B (302) are arranged facing each other and are evenly arranged between the pressure vessel body (1) and the liquid permeable tile (4). When the expansion material A (301) and expansion material B (302) with different expansion coefficients are energized, they produce different deformations, thereby squeezing the rock layer (5) and generating different extrusion forces, thus simulating the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress of the stratum.

2. The ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion simulation wellbore experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pipe protrusion (101) is provided in the middle of the pressure vessel body (1). An injection hole (102) is provided on the pipe protrusion (101). The injection hole (102) passes through the pipe protrusion (101) and the pressure vessel body (1), connecting the inside and outside of the pressure vessel body (1). A high-pressure fluid mixture is injected into the injection hole (102). A support shaft (103) is welded at 90° positions on both sides of the injection hole (102) to support the pressure vessel body (1) and facilitate the simulation of well inclination angle.

3. The ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion simulation wellbore experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic motor (14) is a bidirectional variable motor powered by a hydraulic pump (1402). The three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (1403), PLC controller (1404), and remote monitoring terminal (1405) automatically control the forward and reverse rotation of the hydraulic motor (14) to achieve the tilt angle control of the pressure vessel (1) and then carry out the simulation of the inclination angle of the oil and gas well.

4. The ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion simulation wellbore experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cast copper heating tile (2) is divided into a semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) and a semi-cast copper heating tile B (202) by the cylindrical axis. The semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) is provided with a through hole A (203) corresponding to the connecting pipe boss (101) in the middle. Both the semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) and the semi-cast copper heating tile B (202) are provided with connecting plates (204) on both sides. The connecting plate is provided with a support shaft (103) corresponding to the through hole B (205) in the middle. 6-10 through holes C (206) are evenly arranged at both ends of the through hole B (205). The semi-cast copper heating tile A (201) and the semi-cast copper heating tile B (202) are connected by the connecting plate (204) to form the whole cast copper heating tile (2). After being powered on, it can generate heat to heat the simulated well shaft device.

5. The ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion simulation wellbore experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plug nut (8) is connected at the contact point between the sleeve (7) and the end cap (9), and is fixed to the end cap (9) by the pipe sealing thread (801). An O-ring radial seal 1 (802), an O-ring radial seal 2 (803) and an end face seal (805) are provided between the plug nut (8) and the sleeve (7), and an O-ring seal 3 (804) is provided between the sleeve (7) and the end cap (9).

6. The ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure drilling and completion simulation wellbore experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (1403) is of type O. When the angle sensor (1406) detects that the simulated well inclination angle reaches the target well inclination angle, the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (1403) is de-energized, so that it is in the neutral position. The hydraulic oil cannot enter or exit the hydraulic motor (14), and the hydraulic motor (14) does not rotate, thus maintaining a constant well inclination angle.

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