A sealing member and a fluid apparatus
By incorporating baffles and comb-like structures in the sealing components, fluid momentum is dissipated through fluid counter-current and friction, thus solving the leakage problem caused by poor gap design in labyrinth seals and achieving better sealing performance and equipment efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NAT ENERGY LARGE-SCALE PHYSICAL ENERGY STORAGE TECH R&D CENT IN BIJIE HIGH-TECH IND DEV ZONE
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing labyrinth seals have a problem with unsatisfactory sealing performance in the gap design between the rotor or piston and the casing, resulting in large fluid leakage in fluid equipment and affecting equipment efficiency.
Design a sealing component including a sealing shell and an internal structure with baffles and comb teeth. The baffle is provided with multiple sets of first and second comb teeth to form a buffer flow channel. The fluid momentum is consumed by the fluid counter-current and friction between the comb teeth to reduce leakage.
The design of the comb-tooth structure significantly improves the sealing performance of fluid equipment, reduces fluid leakage, and increases equipment efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN116557535B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of sealing technology, and more particularly to a sealing component and a fluid device. Background Technology
[0002] Fluid equipment is a mechanical device that performs work on and transports fluids. It achieves this through the rotation of rotors (such as impellers) or the compression of pistons. Because there is relative motion between the rotor or piston and the casing, they cannot be in contact; a gap is necessary. This gap must also allow for the expansion and deformation of the shaft under high temperature, high pressure, and high speed / frequency operating conditions. Furthermore, since the working fluid inside the casing of fluid equipment contains fluid, a sealing component must be present between the rotor or piston and the casing to prevent fluid leakage within the casing.
[0003] A labyrinth seal in the prior art has a structure comprising a plurality of sealing teeth arranged in an axial array around a rotor or piston, with a cavity formed between two adjacent sealing teeth. In the process of developing this invention, the inventors discovered at least the following problems with the prior art: As mentioned above, after the labyrinth seal is installed, a certain gap is still required between the rotor or piston and the casing. If this gap is too large, it will affect the sealing effect; if the gap is too small, it will damage the sealing teeth of the labyrinth seal. In order not to hinder the movement of the rotor or piston, a certain degree of sealing effect is usually sacrificed. Therefore, the sealing effect of existing labyrinth seals is usually not ideal, leading to a large leakage of fluid within the fluid equipment and reducing equipment efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sealing component with good sealing effect, especially for fluid sealing at the rotor or piston of fluid equipment.
[0005] To achieve this objective, on one hand, a sealing component is provided, including a sealing housing, wherein at least one set of baffles is disposed inside the sealing housing, one side of the baffles is fixed to the inner wall of the sealing housing; at least two sets of first comb teeth are disposed on the baffles; one end of the first comb teeth is connected to the inner wall of the sealing housing, and the other end extends to the side of the baffle away from the sealing housing.
[0006] Furthermore, the baffle also includes a second comb tooth, which is located on the same side of the baffle as the first comb tooth and between the two sets of the first comb teeth. The length of the second comb tooth is shorter than the length of the first comb tooth. One end of the second comb tooth is connected to the side of the baffle away from the sealing shell. A gap for fluid flow is formed between the other end of the second comb tooth and the sealing shell, and between the second comb tooth and the first comb teeth on both sides.
[0007] Furthermore, at least two sets of baffles are provided, and all the baffles are arranged in a ring array around the axis of the sealing housing.
[0008] Furthermore, the first comb teeth are provided in at least three sets, and all the first comb teeth are equidistantly arranged on the baffle along the axial direction of the sealing housing.
[0009] Furthermore, the angle between the first comb tooth and the sealing shell is between 0° and 90°.
[0010] Furthermore, the angle between the second comb tooth and the side of the baffle away from the sealing housing is between 0° and 90°.
[0011] Furthermore, the first comb tooth is plate-shaped, and / or the second comb tooth is plate-shaped.
[0012] Furthermore, the plate shape can be a flat plate or an irregularly shaped plate.
[0013] Furthermore, the first comb teeth and the second comb teeth are arranged in parallel.
[0014] On the other hand, a fluid device is provided, including a sealing component as described in any of the above claims, wherein the outer side of the sealing housing is fixed to the casing.
[0015] Beneficial effects:
[0016] This solution provides a sealing component, including a sealing housing with an internal cavity for a shaft to pass through. The outer side of the sealing housing is fixed to a casing. At least one set of baffles is disposed within the sealing housing, with one side of each baffle fixed to the inner wall of the sealing housing and the other side suspended within the internal cavity. At least two sets of first comb teeth are provided on each baffle, with one end of each set of first comb teeth connected to the inner wall of the sealing housing and the other end extending to the side of the baffle away from the sealing housing, i.e., extending to the suspended end of the baffle.
[0017] Taking a gas as the working medium to be sealed inside the casing as an example, in this design, the outer side of the sealing shell is fixed to the casing, and the shaft extends from the inner side of the sealing component. A gap exists between the shaft and the sealing component to allow the shaft to operate normally; this gap forms a flow channel for gas leakage. Because a baffle is provided on the inner wall of the sealing shell, and the baffle has at least two sets of first comb teeth, a buffer flow channel is formed between the two sets of first comb teeth.
[0018] During normal operation, the working gas possesses momentum. After passing through the sealing component of this design in the leakage direction, the working gas experiences a high velocity and low pressure along the baffle direction. A portion of the working gas undergoes a first split within the buffer channel formed by the two sets of first comb teeth. The working gas expands within this buffer channel, reducing its velocity and increasing its pressure. At this point, the first split flows along the first comb teeth towards the leakage channel. Another portion of the working gas flows along the leakage channel in the leakage direction, forming a second split. When the first split flows into the channel along the first comb teeth, it inevitably encounters the first split. Due to the opposing force components between the first and second splits, fluid collisions occur at the confluence, generating eddies that consume the leakage momentum. Combined with the friction between the sealing component and the working gas, all the mechanical energy of the working gas is dissipated, leaving almost no leakage momentum. Therefore, the sealing components in this design increase the resistance to working fluid leakage, thereby suppressing leakage and achieving a good sealing effect. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing component of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point I in the middle;
[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Side view;
[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Axial view;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing component of the present invention.
[0024] In the diagram: 1-shaft; 2-baffle; 3-first comb tooth; 4-second comb tooth; 5-sealed outer shell. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0026] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0027] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0028] Example 1:
[0029] like Figures 1-5 This embodiment provides a sealing component, including a sealing housing 5. The sealing housing 5 has an internal cavity for the shaft 1 to pass through, and the outer side of the sealing housing 5 is fixed to the casing. At least one set of baffles 2 are provided inside the sealing housing 5. One side of the baffle 2 is fixed to the inner wall of the sealing housing 5, and the other side is suspended in the internal cavity of the sealing housing 5. At least two sets of first comb teeth 3 are provided on the baffle 2. One end of each set of first comb teeth 3 is connected to the inner wall of the sealing housing, and the other end extends to the side of the baffle 2 away from the sealing housing 5, that is, the other end extends to the suspended end of the baffle.
[0030] The principle of the sealing component of this invention is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, taking a gas as the working medium to be sealed inside the casing as an example, in this design, the outer side of the sealing shell 5 is fixed to the casing, and the shaft 1 protrudes from the inner side of the sealing component. A gap exists between the shaft 1 and the sealing component to allow the shaft to operate normally; this gap forms a flow channel A for gaseous working medium leakage. Because a baffle 2 is provided on the inner wall of the sealing shell, and the baffle 2 has at least two sets of first comb teeth 3, a buffer flow channel is formed between the two sets of first comb teeth 3.
[0031] During normal operation, the casing is on the high-pressure side, and the leakage direction of the working gas is from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side. The two ends of the sealing component are on the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side, respectively. Figure 5The working principle of the sealing component in this embodiment is explained using the leakage direction B of the working gas within the gap as an example. During normal operation, the working gas possesses momentum. After passing through the sealing component in this embodiment along the leakage direction B, the working gas experiences a high velocity and low pressure along the baffle 2 direction. A portion of the working gas undergoes a first diversion (a) within the buffer channel formed by the two sets of first comb teeth 3. The working gas expands within this buffer channel, causing the velocity of the first diversion (a) to decrease and the pressure to increase. At this time, the first diversion (a) flows along the first comb teeth 3 towards the gaseous working gas leakage channel A within the buffer channel formed by the two sets of first comb teeth 3. Another portion of the working gas flows along the gaseous working gas leakage channel A along the leakage direction B, which is the second diversion (b) shown in the figure. When the first branch a flows into the flow channel A along the first comb tooth 3, a second branch b must meet it. Since the first branch a and the second branch b have opposing force components, fluid collision occurs at the confluence, generating eddies. This consumes the momentum of the leaking working fluid. Combined with the friction between the sealing component and the working fluid, the mechanical energy of the working fluid is completely dissipated, leaving almost no momentum for leakage. Therefore, the sealing component in this design increases the resistance to working fluid leakage, thereby suppressing leakage and achieving a good sealing effect.
[0032] Example 2:
[0033] This embodiment provides a sealing component. Based on Embodiment 1, the baffle further includes a second comb tooth 4. The second comb tooth 4 and the first comb tooth 3 are located on the same side of the baffle 2, and the second comb tooth 4 is located between the two sets of first comb teeth 3. The length of the second comb tooth 4 is shorter than the length of the first comb tooth 3. One end of the second comb tooth 4 is connected to the side of the baffle 2 away from the sealing housing 5. Gaps for fluid flow are formed between the other end of the second comb tooth 4 and the sealing housing 5, and between the second comb tooth 4 and the first comb teeth 3 on both sides.
[0034] like Figure 5A gap exists between shaft 1 and the sealing component to allow the shaft to operate normally. This gap forms a flow channel A for gaseous working fluid leakage. The baffle of the sealing component includes at least two sets of first comb teeth 3, with a set of second comb teeth 4 positioned between the two sets of first comb teeth 3. The second comb teeth 4 are short, and the first comb teeth 3 are long, forming a longer buffer flow channel between the first comb teeth 3, the second comb teeth 4, and the other first comb teeth 3. Similar to the principle of Embodiment 1, the working fluid gas splits into a first branch a and a second branch b in the gas leakage direction B. When the first branch a flows within the longer buffer flow channel between the first comb teeth 3, the second comb teeth 4, and the other first comb teeth 3, the working fluid gas expands, its velocity decreases, and its pressure increases. Similarly, when the first branch a flows out of the aforementioned buffer flow channel and merges with the second branch b, since the directions of the first branch a and the second branch b are almost opposite, they collide, the momentum of the two gases cancels out, and a vortex is generated. Experiments have verified that after the working gas passes through the flow channel formed by the first comb tooth, the second comb tooth, and another first comb tooth, almost all of its momentum (mechanical energy) is lost. In addition, the friction between the working gas and the sealing component further converts the mechanical energy of the working gas into internal energy, which is dissipated into the environment, thus achieving the effect of controlling leakage. Therefore, this embodiment, by setting the first and second comb teeth on the baffle, intensifies the generation of eddies and the degree of mechanical energy conversion, increasing leakage resistance and thus reducing gas leakage in the working gas leakage channel, thereby increasing the sealing effect.
[0035] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, at least two sets of baffles 2 are provided, and all baffles 2 are arranged in a ring array around the shaft of the sealing shell. Increasing the number of baffles 2 can further improve the leakage resistance and effectively prevent the circumferential flow of the working gas, reducing the vibration caused by the airflow on the shaft.
[0036] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-5As shown, at least three sets of first comb teeth 3 are provided, and all the first comb teeth 3 are arranged equidistantly along the axial direction of the sealing shell. In equipment with installation space, the sealing shell can be a long cylindrical shape, and the baffle can be a long strip shape. One long side of the baffle 2 is fixed to the sealing shell 5, and the other long side is suspended in the cavity of the sealing shell. One end of the first comb teeth 3 is connected to the inner wall of the sealing shell 5, and the other end extends to the side of the baffle 2 away from the sealing shell 5, i.e., the suspension side. At least three sets of first comb teeth 3 are arranged along the length of the baffle 2. Preferably, first comb teeth 3 are evenly arranged from one end of the baffle to the other end, and all the first comb teeth 3 are arranged in an array at a certain distance. A second comb tooth 4 is provided between each pair of first comb teeth 3. Further, the above-mentioned baffle 2 is provided in multiple sets, and all the baffle 2 are arranged in a ring array around the axis of the sealing shell. Assume that the side of the baffle 2 with the first comb teeth 3 and the second comb teeth 4 is the front side, and the back side is the back side. Since the second comb tooth 4 and the first comb tooth 3 are located on the same side of the baffle 2, in the two sets of baffles 2 in the annular array, the back of one set of baffles 2 and the front of the other set of baffles 2, along with the first comb tooth 3 and the second comb tooth 4 on them, form a buffer flow channel. At this time, multiple buffer flow channels are formed on the sealing component, which further intensifies the generation of eddies and the degree of mechanical energy conversion, increases leakage resistance, reduces gas leakage, and increases the sealing effect, thus making it suitable for fluid equipment with larger casing volumes.
[0037] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the first comb tooth 3 and the second comb tooth 4 are arranged in parallel.
[0038] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first comb tooth 3 is arranged perpendicularly to the baffle 2, and / or the second comb tooth 4 is arranged perpendicularly to the baffle 2.
[0039] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the angle between the first comb tooth 3 and the sealing shell 5 is between 0° and 90°; further, the angle between the second comb tooth 4 and the side of the baffle 2 away from the sealing shell is between 0° and 90°. By changing the angles of the first and second comb teeth, the shape of the buffer flow channel can be optimized, further optimizing the force conditions of the fluid and improving the conversion degree and efficiency of the mechanical energy and internal energy of the working fluid. Preferably, the acute angle between the first comb tooth and the sealing shell is between 30° and 60°, and the obtuse angle between the second comb tooth and the side of the baffle away from the sealing shell is between 150° and 120°.
[0040] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the two sets of first comb teeth 3 and second comb teeth 4 are arranged in parallel to each other.
[0041] Furthermore, the first comb tooth is plate-shaped, and / or the second comb tooth is plate-shaped. Furthermore, the aforementioned plate-shaped material can be a flat plate or an irregularly shaped plate, further optimizing the structure and dimensions of the buffer channel.
[0042] Example 3:
[0043] This embodiment provides a fluid device, including a sealing component as described in Embodiment 1 and / or Embodiment 2. The fluid device has a working fluid inside its casing, and the outer side of the sealing shell of the sealing component is fixed to the casing. A shaft passes through the interior of the sealing component. The fluid device in this embodiment can be a compressor, expander, steam turbine, gas turbine, vacuum pump, etc. The sealing component of Embodiment 1 and / or Embodiment 2 can be used for interstage sealing, impeller sealing, piston sealing, etc.
[0044] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A sealing component, characterized in that, The sealing component includes a sealing shell, the outer side of which is fixed to the casing. At least one set of baffles is provided inside the sealing shell. The sealing shell is cylindrical and the baffles are strip-shaped. One long side of the baffle is fixed to the inner wall of the sealing shell, and the other long side is suspended in the cavity of the sealing shell. All the baffles are arranged in a ring array around the axis of the sealing shell. The baffle is provided with at least two sets of first comb teeth; one end of the first comb teeth is connected to the inner wall of the sealing shell, and the other end extends to the side of the baffle away from the sealing shell; The baffle is also provided with a second comb tooth, which is located on the same side of the baffle as the first comb tooth. The second comb tooth is located between two sets of the first comb teeth, and the length of the second comb tooth is shorter than the length of the first comb tooth. One end of the second comb tooth is connected to the side of the baffle away from the sealing shell; gaps for fluid flow are formed between the other end of the second comb tooth and the sealing shell, and between the second comb tooth and the first comb teeth on both sides.
2. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baffle is provided in at least two sets.
3. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first comb teeth are provided in at least three sets, and all the first comb teeth are equidistantly arranged on the baffle along the axial direction of the sealing shell.
4. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the first comb tooth and the sealing shell is between 0° and 90°.
5. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the second comb tooth and the side of the baffle furthest from the sealed housing is between 0° and 90°.
6. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first comb tooth is plate-shaped, and / or the second comb tooth is plate-shaped.
7. The sealing component according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plate can be a flat plate or an irregularly shaped plate.
8. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first comb teeth and the second comb teeth are arranged in parallel.
9. A fluid device, characterized in that, Includes the sealing component as described in any one of claims 1-8.