Restoration and / or prolongation of the frictional service life in transmission fluids

Abstract

The booster additive concentrate can advantageously contain: (a) an antiwear mixture of two or more phosphite / phosphate compounds and one or more ether / sulphide compounds; (b) an ashless dispersant; (c) a calcium-containing detergent, such as an overbased calcium phenate; (d) >2 friction modifiers, at least one of which comprises a polyalkylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) optionally a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a lubricating oil base stock. The booster additive concentrate can exhibit a specific content of B / Ca / P based on these additive components, and can contain minimal or substantially no additional antioxidants. A lubricant composition can be made from the booster additive concentrate and a fresh / used lubricating oil composition "diluent", which can rejuvenate the diluent. Such a lubricant composition can have advantageous anti-shudder durability (ASD) life and other friction properties. In particular, when used in a vehicle having a continuously variable transmission (CVT), such a concentrate / composition is able to provide excellent lubrication.

Description

[0001] CLAIM OF PRIORITY

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of non-provisional patent application number 17 / 062,456, titled “REJUVENATION AND / OR EXTENSION OF THE LIFETIME OF FRICTIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TRANSMISSION FLUIDS” and filed on October 2, 2020, in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in their entirety and as fully set forth below in its entirety and for all applicable purposes. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to methods, compositions, and additive concentrates for boosting, rejuvenating, and / or extending the lifetime of frictional properties, particularly shudder durability properties, of transmission fluids, particularly continuously variable transmission fluids. BACKGROUND

[0004] Continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) have been widely used in automobiles, particularly passenger cars and sport utility vehicles, since the mid-1990s. These transmissions are distinctly different from step automatic transmissions, which are the option for vehicles to be equipped with a transmission that does not require manual shifting. CVTs are notable in their ability to improve the fuel economy of the vehicles in which they are deployed. Unlike step automatic transmissions, which have a discrete number of gear ratios (e.g., 3, 4, or 5), CVTs use a specialized belt drive system that is capable of achieving a substantially infinite number of ratios between its up and down speed ratios. This substantially infinite number of speed ratios allows the engine to operate at its peak efficiency (rpm) for most of the time the vehicle is moving, by changing the speed ratio in the transmission. These features, operational convenience, and improvement in vehicle efficiency have made such transmissions very popular.

[0005] The key to CVT operation is the variator system used to achieve a wide range of speed reduction ratios. The variator consists of two pulleys connected by a belt or chain. The pulleys are hydraulically controlled so that the distance between the two halves of the pulley can be varied. As the distance between the pulley halves increases, the belt or chain is drawn towards the center of the pulley, thus reducing the drive radius. At the same time, the distance between the other set of pulley halves decreases, thus keeping the length of the belt constant and increasing the effective radius of the pulley. High speed reduction ratios (e.g. 5:1) can be achieved by driving the variator with a small radius; while low speed reduction ratios (e.g. 0.5:1) can be achieved by driving the variator with a large radius.

[0006] The belts or chains used in these variators are typically made of metal, such as steel. The chain is pulled to transmit force (energy) through the variator; the belt is pushed to transmit force with a complex design. The key to variator success is the lubricant, which can deliver a high coefficient of friction between the pulley surface and the contact portion of the chain or belt. These specialized lubricants are known as Continuously Variable Transmission Fluids (CVTF).

[0007] To further improve the efficiency of the CVT, advanced technology can be used to couple the transmission to the engine. For this purpose, two types of couplings are commonly used. One is a torque converter with a continuously slipping or "locking" clutch. In this device, the losses normally incurred by using a torque converter are significantly reduced by including a clutch device that can reduce the relative speed between the driving and driven elements, thus reducing or eliminating this energy that is converted to heat. Reducing the heat losses in the torque converter improves its efficiency. The second device is a "wet start clutch". This device is simply an oil lubricated clutch, consisting of alternating (typically also metal / steel) plates and friction discs, which is closed to accelerate the vehicle. Once the clutch is closed, there is little or no energy loss, making it more efficient than a torque converter.

[0008] These two components of a CVT require very specific lubricants to function successfully and have the desired trouble-free life. The variator requires a lubricant that can provide a high coefficient of friction between the pulley surface and the belt or chain. This is achieved by including additive components in the lubricant that will interact or react together (e.g., typically experienced between the pulley surface and the belt / chain) at high pressures and temperatures to form a high friction film. This film is often referred to as a "tribofilm." On the other hand, the torque converter clutch or wet start clutch requires a lubricant that can provide the proper relationship of friction coefficient to speed. For proper functioning, the lubricant used in these devices needs to provide a positive friction gradient, i.e., the coefficient of friction should increase with increasing sliding speed. This is often referred to alternatively as a positive dμ / dv. If the friction gradient becomes negative, the clutch device can experience unstable friction behavior, known as "chatter," which is a type of stick / slip phenomenon. This can be felt by the driver as a vibration in the vehicle and is generally not well tolerated. By careful selection of the friction modifying additive components (friction modifiers), a positive friction coefficient can be established in these systems. These chemicals can reduce the friction between the sliding parts. The proper friction modifying fluid can deliver a positive friction gradient, but can still deliver a high static coefficient of friction. Balancing these two key performance requirements for a CVT requires rigorous formulation development by a skilled formulator.

[0009] The life of a CVTF can be determined by how far, e.g., how many kilometers, it can be required to run before it can no longer deliver the required / desired performance. In the case of a variator, since for normal operation the lubricant must deliver a solid high friction film to the pulley surface, additive components can be slowly consumed over the life of the fluid. In service, these fluids typically show a slow reduction in the concentration of the additive components (particularly calcium and phosphorus) used to establish the friction film. In the case of a clutch device, the organic friction modifier used to precisely control the friction in the clutch can be slowly oxidized or thermally degraded to the point where it can no longer maintain a positive friction gradient. This performance can be monitored by evaluating the friction gradient in an appropriate test machine, such as a low speed friction machine.

[0010] The present disclosure describes how a formulator can take advantage of the fact that only / most of these performance enabling additives have been consumed or degraded in the operation of the transmission. The base fluid used in a CVTF is generally not significantly damaged in terms of performance and can be suitable for a much longer period of use. Thus, it has been found that by simply replacing the friction control additives used for the variator and clutch (which make up a very small portion of the CVTF volume), the initial fluid performance can be restored or substantially rejuvenated. This can eliminate the need for a complex and expensive oil change. SUMMARY

[0011] The present disclosure provides an additive concentrate, a fully formulated lubricant composition, and methods of using them to rejuvenate fresh / used lubricating oil compositions.

[0012] A booster additive concentrate according to the present disclosure can advantageously contain: (a) an antiwear mixture of two or more phosphite / phosphate compounds and one or more ether / sulphide compounds; (b) an ashless dispersant, which can constitute at least 20 mass % of the booster additive concentrate; (c) a calcium-containing detergent, such as an overbased calcium phenate; (d) at least two friction modifiers, at least one of which comprises a polyethylenepolyamine succinimide derivative; (e) optionally but preferably a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a suspension-stabilizing amount of a lubricating oil basestock. Based on these additive components, the booster additive concentrate can exhibit: a boron content of 0.04 mass % to 0.75 mass %, a calcium content of 0.3 mass % to 1.5 mass %, and a phosphorus content of 0.3 mass % to 1.5 mass %, each based on the total mass of the additive concentrate.

[0013] A lubricant composition according to the present disclosure can comprise a dilute form of a booster additive concentrate according to the present disclosure. The diluent can be a fresh (unspent) fully formulated lubricating oil composition, or a lubricating oil composition that has already been spent (its additive components can have at least partially degraded as a result of the operation of a vehicle transmission). Examples of such spent lubricant compositions can include those that, when fresh and prior to use, contain at least an antiwear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two additional antioxidants, and a lubricating oil basestock.

[0014] A method for rejuvenating a fresh or used lubricating oil composition (if used, having been operated for at least 25,000 kilometers) according to the present disclosure can comprise: forming a rejuvenated lubricating oil composition according to the present disclosure by admixing a booster additive concentrate according to the present disclosure with a fresh / used lubricant composition; and lubricating a vehicle transmission with the rejuvenated lubricating oil composition according to the present disclosure to enable further operation, for example for at least an additional 30,000 kilometers (or an equivalent simulated lubrication run time).

[0015] The disclosed methods may also be used in combination with a concentrated enhancer additive according to this disclosure and a fresh / used fully formulated lubricating oil composition, or as a restored lubricating oil composition according to this disclosure for restoring lubricant properties at least partially lost during previous operation of a vehicle transmission, particularly for restoring one or more of the following: vibration resistance, friction modification, dynamic-static friction balance, anti-wear, dust dispersion, descaling, suspension stability, and corrosion inhibition. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figures 1-7 For fresh lubricating oil composition ( Figure 1 ) and the composition of used lubricating oil and Comparative Example 1 ( Figure 2 ), 2 ( Figure 3 ), 3 ( Figure 4 ) and 4 ( Figure 5 ) and Example 1 ( Figure 6 ) and 2 ( Figure 7 The dynamic Mu-V curve characteristics (under constant pressure conditions) of various restorative lubricating oil compositions made from the reinforcing additive package composition of the ) at ~40°C, ~80°C and ~120°C are shown in the graph.

[0017] Figures 8-14 For fresh lubricating oil composition ( Figure 8 ) and the composition of used lubricating oil and Comparative Example 1 ( Figure 9 ), 2 ( Figure 10 ), 3 ( Figure 11 ) and 4 ( Figure 12 ) and Example 1 ( Figure 13 ) and 2 ( Figure 14 Various restored lubricating oil compositions made from the reinforcing additive package composition also exhibit static Mu characteristics (corresponding to) at ~40°C, ~80°C, and ~120°C. Figures 1-7 And the curve (under constant pressure conditions).

[0018] Figure 15 It is a graph of the frictional properties of metal-to-metal (steel-to-steel) friction, involving fresh lubricating oil compositions, used lubricating oil compositions, and combinations of the reinforcing agent package compositions of Examples 1 and 2 with used lubricating oil compositions. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present disclosure encompasses a suspension-stabilized additive package composition (concentrate) for a lubricant fluid, a suspension-stabilized booster additive package composition for a used (or new but fully formulated) lubricant fluid, and a lubricant fluid composition containing a suspension-stabilized (booster) additive package concentrate blended with (or diluted by) a lubricating oil base stock. When the lubricant fluid is used in a driveline system of a vehicle, e.g., a transmission or a crankcase, the used lubricant fluid can represent a fluid that has been actually used to lubricate at least a portion of a vehicle driveline system for at least 25,000 kilometers (e.g., at least 30,000 kilometers, at least 35,000 kilometers, at least 50,000 kilometers, at least 60,000 kilometers, or at least 70,000 kilometers, and optionally up to 100,000 kilometers or more, or up to 150,000 kilometers or more), or a fluid that has been exposed to accelerated conditions intended to simulate such lubrication / running conditions (e.g., in more severe conditions, but for a shorter time, but still correlated to a comparable or higher vehicle driveline mileage).

[0020] In some embodiments, the booster additive package composition / concentrate to be blended with a new but fully formulated lubricating oil composition can contain less than a full complement of lubricant additive components, e.g., taking into account the fact that some functional additives can sufficiently perform their function throughout the useful life of a formulated lubricating oil composition, while other functional additives can be consumed, deactivated, decomposed, or typically not able to perform their function sufficiently effectively towards the end of the useful life of a formulated lubricating oil composition. Thus, in these embodiments, only certain additives need to be added to the booster composition / concentrate to replenish those functions of the additives that have become ineffective through long-term use.

[0021] Additionally or alternatively, the booster additive package composition / concentrate to be blended with a new (but fully formulated) or used lubricant fluid can contain the additives at a relatively higher concentration, at a relatively lower concentration, or at a relatively similar concentration (depending on the particular application) than in a fully formulated lubricating oil composition. For example, lubricants used in more severe environments can dictate a relatively higher concentration, while tweaking of the additives to achieve uniform long life in the boosted lubricant fluid composition can dictate a relatively lower or similar concentration.

[0022] While the present disclosure specifies transmission fluid compositions and applications in vehicle transmissions, it is contemplated that these general principles can be used for enhanced additive package compositions / concentrates in other applications and for lubricating oil compositions containing such compositions / concentrates. Further, while the term "restored" is typically used herein to refer to returning properties of used lubricating oil compositions to near their fresh (unused) values, it should be understood that "restored" can additionally or alternatively apply to fresh lubricating oil compositions, where certain properties can be enhanced without ever being weakened by use. It should also be understood that the combined additives can exist as is in the concentrate or can complex, react, or otherwise change in some other way; however, as described herein, the term "comprising" with respect to the concentrate or diluted lubricating formulation / composition is satisfied by the combined ingredients, regardless of any complexing, reacting, or other component changes after blending, during use, or in analysis.

[0023] Transmission fluid compositions according to the present disclosure typically refer to a blend of a majority of a lubricating oil composition and a minority of an additive package concentrate, which itself typically has some lubricating oil base stock to maintain its suspension or solution stability in the majority of the lubricating oil composition. Thus, transmission fluid enhanced additive package compositions according to the present disclosure typically contain a much higher concentration of additive components and a much lower concentration of lubricating oil composition, but should still contain enough lubricating oil composition to keep the additive components in suspension (or dissolved) for a reasonable period of time (e.g., at least several months and / or up to one or two years or more; referred to herein as "suspension stable") without significant dissolution, precipitation, and / or settling from suspension. In addition to or in place of lubricating oil base stock in such concentrates, dispersant additive concentrations can be adjusted to make the additive package concentrate (and diluted transmission fluid compositions containing them) suspension stable and to keep them suspension stable.

[0024] Lubricating oil / base stock

[0025] The amount of lubricating oil base stock in the transmission fluid booster additive package concentrate according to the present disclosure can typically be a minor amount (i.e., less than 50% by weight of the concentrate), with each component of the concentrate also typically constituting a minor amount. For example, the transmission fluid booster additive package concentrate can comprise from 1.0% to 50% below, 1.0% to 45%, 1.0% to 40%, 1.0% to 35%, 1.0% to 30%, 1.0% to 25%, 1.0% to 20%, 1.0% to 15%, 1.0% to 10%, 1.0% to 5.0%, 3.0% to 50% below, 3.0% to 45%, 3.0% to 40%, 3.0% to 35%, 3.0% to 30%, 3.0% to 25%, 3.0% to 20%, 3.0% to 15%, 3.0% to 10%, 3.0% to 5.0%, 5.0% to 50% below, 5.0% to 45%, 5.0% to 40%, 5.0% to 35%, 5.0% to 30%, 5.0% to 25%, 5.0% to 20%, 5.0% to 15%, 5.0% to 10%, 10% to 50% below, 10% to 45%, 10% to 40%, 10% to 35%, 10% to 30%, 10% to 25%, 10% to 20%, 10% to 15%, 15% to 50% below, 15% to 45%, 15% to 40%, 15% to 35%, 15% to 30%, 15% to 25%, 15% to 20%, 20% to 50% below, 20% to 45%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 35%, 20% to 30%, 20% to 25%, 25% to 50% below, 25% to 45%, 25% to 40%, 25% to 35%, 25% to 30%, 30% to 50% below, 30% to 45%, 30% to 40%, 30% to 35%, 35% to 50% below, 35% to 45%, 35% to 40%, 40% to 50% below, 40% to 45%, or 45% to 50% below, especially 5.0% to 40%, 5.0% to 35%, 15% to 40%, or 15% to 35% lubricating oil base stock, by weight of the concentrate. The remainder of the booster additive package concentrate can consist of the functional additive component composition, one, some, or each of which can contain up to 60 mass %, but more often 5 mass % to 50 mass % below, if present, of lubricating oil base stock as a diluent / suspension stabilizer.

[0026] The amount of lubricating oil base stock in the transmission fluid compositions according to the present disclosure can typically be a major amount (i.e., greater than 50%, by weight of the composition), with the additive package set collectively, and the individual functional / additive components of the additive package / concentrate, individually, typically constituting a minor amount (i.e., less than 50%, by weight of the composition). For example, the transmission fluid composition can comprise 50% or more to 99%, 50% or more to 98%, 50% or more to 97%, 50% or more to 96%, 50% or more to 95%, 50% or more to 94%, 50% or more to 93%, 50% or more to 92%, 50% or more to 91%, 50% or more to 90%, 50% or more to 88%, 50% or more to 86%, 50% or more to 84%, 50% or more to 82%, 50% or more to 80%, 60% to 99%, 60% to 98%, 60% to 97%, 60% to 96%, 60% to 95%, 60% to 94%, 60% to 93%, 60% to 92%, 60% to 91%, 60% to 90%, 60% to 88%, 60% to 86%, 60% to 84%, 60% to 82%, 60% to 80%, 70% to 99%, 70% to 98%, 70% to 97%, 70% to 96%, 70% to 95%, 70% to 94%, 70% to 93%, 70% to 92%, 70% to 91%, 70% to 90%, 70% to 88%, 70% to 86%, 70% to 84%, 70% to 82%, 70% to 80%, 75% to 99%, 75% to 98%, 75% to 97%, 75% to 96%, 75% to 95%, 75% to 94%, 75% to 93%, 75% to 92%, 75% to 91%, 75% to 90%, 75% to 88%, 75% to 86%, 75% to 84%, 75% to 82%, 75% to 80%, 80% to 99%, 80% to 98%, 80% to 97%, 80% to 96%, 80% to 95%, 80% to 94%, 80% to 93%, 80% to 92%, 80% to 91%, 80% to 90%, 80% to 88%, 80% to 86%, 80% to 84%, 85% to 99%, 85% to 98%, 85% to 97%, 85% to 96%, 60% to 95%, 85% to 94%, 85% to 93%, 85% to 92%, 85% to 91%, 85% to 90%, or 85% to 88%, by weight of the composition, particularly 60% to 99%, 70 to 98%, 75 to 97%, or 80 to 96%, by weight of the composition.Additionally or alternatively, the transmission fluid composition can include an enhancer additive package concentrate and a blend of used transmission lubricant fluid or new (but fully formulated) transmission lubricant fluid, in a mass ratio of enhancer concentrate to used / new transmission lubricant fluid of 1 :99 to 1 :4, such as 1 :99 to 1 :5, 1 :99 to 1 :7, 1 :99 to 1 :9, 1 :99 to 1 : 11, 1 :99 to 1 : 15, 1 :99 to 1 : 19, 1 :99 to 1 :24, 1 :99 to 1 :32, 1 :99 to 1 :49, 1 :49 to 1 :4, 1 :49 to 1 :5, 1 :49 to 1 :7, 1 :49 to 1 :9, 1 :49 to 1 : 11, 1 :49 to 1 : 15, 1 :49 to 1 : 19, 1 :49 to 1 :24, 1 :49 to 1 :32, 1 :32 to 1 :4, 1 :32 to 1 :5, 1 :32 to 1 :7, 1 :32 to 1 :9, 1 :32 to 1 : 11, 1 :32 to 1 : 15, 1 :32 to 1 : 19, 1 :32 to 1 :24, 1 :24 to 1 :4, 1 :24 to 1 :5, 1 :24 to 1 :7, 1 :24 to 1 :9, 1 :24 to 1 : 11, 1 :24 to 1 : 15, 1 :24 to 1 : 19, 1 : 19 to 1 :4, 1 : 19 to 1 :5, 1 : 19 to 1 :7, 1 : 19 to 1 :9, 1 : 19 to 1 : 11, 1 : 19 to 1 : 15, 1 : 15 to 1 :4, 1 : 15 to 1 :5, 1 : 15 to 1 :7, 1 : 15 to 1 :9, 1 : 15 to 1 : 11, 1 : 11 to 1 :4, 1 : 11 to 1 :5, 1 : 11 to 1 :7, 1 : 11 to 1 :9, 1 : 9 to 1 :4, 1 : 9 to 1 :5, 1 : 9 to 1 :7, 1 : 7 to 1 :4, or 1 : 7 to 1 :5, particularly 1 :49 to 1 :7, 1 :24 to 1 :7, 1 :32 to 1 :8, or 1 :24 to 1 :9.

[0027] The lubricating oil base stock can be any suitable lubricating oil base stock known in the art. Both natural and synthetic lubricating oil base stocks can be suitable. Natural lubricating oils can include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil and lard oil), petroleum oils, mineral oils, oils derived from coal or shale, and combinations thereof. One particular natural lubricating oil includes or is mineral oil.

[0028] Suitable mineral oils can include all common mineral oil base stocks, including oils that are chemically structured as naphthenic or paraffinic. Suitable oils can be refined (treated) by conventional methods using acids, bases, and clays or other agents such as aluminum chlorides, or they can be extract oils made, for example, by solvent extraction with solvents such as phenol, sulfur dioxide, furfural, dichlorodiethyl ether, and the like, or combinations thereof. They can be hydrotreated or hydrorefined, dewaxed by chilling or catalytic dewaxing processes, hydrocracked, or some combination thereof. Suitable mineral oils can be produced from natural crude oil sources, or can consist of isomerized wax materials or other refinery process residues.

[0029] Synthetic lubricating oils can include hydrocarbon oils and halogen- substituted hydrocarbon oils such as, for example, liquid esters of complex fatty acids, di- and poly-terephthalates, di- and poly-phthalic acid esters, and the like; complex esters of multivalent alcohol and carboxylic acid, such as, for example, phthalic acid esters, phthalic acid esters of dihydric alcohols, such as the di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, the di-octyl phthalate, the di- isodecyl phthalate, the dibutyldiphenyl phthalate, and the like; esters of the pyro- and ter- carboxylic acids of the C5-C12 alkyl esters of the pyromellitic acid, and the like; and the like; and combinations and / or reaction products thereof.

[0030] In some embodiments, oils from such synthetic oils can comprise or be polyalphaolefins (PAOs), including hydrogenated oligomers of alpha-olefins, particularly oligomers of 1-decene, such as those made by free radical processes, Ziegler catalysis, or cationic catalysis. For example, they can be oligomers of branched or straight chain alpha-olefins having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, specific non-limiting examples including polypropylene, polyisobutylene, poly-1-butene, poly-1-hexene, poly-1-octene, poly-1-decene, poly-1-dodecene, and mixtures and / or interpolymer / copolymers thereof.

[0031] Synthetic lubricating oils can additionally or alternatively include alkylene oxide (alkylene oxide) polymers, interpolymers, copolymers, and derivatives thereof, wherein any (most) terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, and the like. Such synthetic oils can be exemplified by polyoxyalkylene polymers prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether, polypropylene glycol dibenzyl ether having an average Mn of about 1000 to about 1500 daltons); and mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof (e.g., acetates, mixed C3-C8fatty acid esters, C 12 oxo acid diesters, and the like, or combinations thereof).

[0032] Another suitable category of synthetic lubricants may include esters of dicarboxylic acids (such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, octanoic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acid, alkenyl malonic acid, etc.) with various alcohols (such as butanol, hexanol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, diicosyl sebacate, 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, complex esters formed by reacting one mole of sebacate with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and combinations thereof. Preferred types of oils from this class of synthetic oils may include C4 to C6 oils. 12 Adipate esters of alcohols.

[0033] Esters that can be used as synthetic lubricants may additionally or alternatively include those composed of C5-C64. 12 Those made from monocarboxylic acids, polyols and / or polyol ethers (e.g., neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol trimethylolpropane, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc., and combinations thereof).

[0034] Lubricating oils can be derived from unrefined oils, refined oils, re-refined oils, or mixtures thereof. Unrefined oils are obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources (e.g., coal, shale, or bituminous sands) without further purification or treatment. Examples of unrefined oils may include shale oils obtained directly from carbonization operations, petroleum oils obtained directly from distillation, or ester oils obtained directly from esterification processes, which can then be used individually or in combination without further treatment. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they have typically undergone one or more purification steps to alter their chemical structure and / or improve one or more properties. Suitable purification techniques may include distillation, hydrotreating, dewaxing, solvent extraction, acid or alkali extraction, filtration, and percolation, all of which are known to those skilled in the art. Re-refined oils can be obtained by treating used and / or refined oils in processes similar to those originally used to obtain refined oils. Such re-refined oils may be referred to as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and may often be further processed using techniques for removing waste additives and oil decomposition products.

[0035] Another suitable category of lubricants may include those basic oils produced by the isomerization of oligomers or waxes from natural gas feedstocks. These basic oils may be mentioned in any number of ways, but they are conventionally referred to as gas-to-liquid (GTL) or Fischer-Tropsch basic oils.

[0036] The lubricating oil base stock according to the present disclosure can be a blend of one or more oils / base stocks described herein (whether of similar type or different types), and blends of natural and synthetic lubricating oils (i.e., partially synthetic) are expressly contemplated for use in the present disclosure.

[0037] The lubricating oil can be classified according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) publication "Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System", Industry Services Department, Fourteenth Edition, December 1996, Addendum 1, December 1998, in which oils are categorized as follows:

[0038] a) Group I base stocks contain less than 90% saturates and / or greater than 0.03% sulfur, and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120;

[0039] b) Group II base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur, and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120;

[0040] c) Group III base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur, and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120;

[0041] d) Group IV base stocks are polyalphaolefins (PAOs); and

[0042] e) Group V base stocks include all other base stock oils not included in Group I, II, III, or IV.

[0043] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil can comprise or be a mineral oil or mixture of mineral oils, in particular mineral oils of Group II and / or Group III (of the API classification). Additionally or alternatively, the lubricating oil can comprise or be a synthetic oil, such as polyalphaolefins (Group IV) and / or oils of Group V.

[0044] Advantageously, the manual or automatic transmission fluid composition can exhibit a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (KV100) when measured by ASTM D445 of up to 20 cSt (e.g., up to 15 cSt, up to 12 cSt, up to 10 cSt, up to 8 cSt, up to 7 cSt, up to 6.5 cSt, up to 6.0 cSt, up to 5.5 cSt, up to 5.0 cSt, up to 4.5 cSt, up to 4.0 cSt, up to 3.5 cSt, up to 3.0 cSt, up to 2.5 cSt, up to 2.0 cSt, 1 cSt to 20 cSt, 1 cSt to 15 cSt, 1 cSt to 12 cSt, 1 cSt to 10 cSt, 1 cSt to 8 cSt, 1 cSt to 7 cSt, 1 cSt to 6.5 cSt, 1 cSt to 6.0 cSt, 1 cSt to 5.5 cSt, 1 cSt to 5.0 cSt, 1 cSt to 4.5 cSt, 1 cSt to 4.0 cSt, 1 cSt to 3.5 cSt, 1 cSt to 3.0 cSt, 1 cSt to 2.5 cSt, 1 cSt to 2.0 cSt, 2 cSt to 20 cSt, 2 cSt to 15 cSt, 2 cSt to 12 cSt, 2 cSt to 10 cSt, 2 cSt to 8 cSt, 2 cSt to 7 cSt, 2 cSt to 6.5 cSt, 2 cSt to 6.0 cSt, 2 cSt to 5.5 cSt, 2 cSt to 5.0 cSt, 2 cSt to 4.5 cSt, 2 cSt to 4.0 cSt, 2 cSt to 3.5 cSt, 2 cSt to 3.0 cSt, 2 cSt to 2.5 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 20 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 15 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 12 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 10 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 8 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 7 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 6.5 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 6.0 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 5.5 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 5.0 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 4.5 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 4.0 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 3.5 cSt, 2.5 cSt to 3.0 cSt, 3 cSt to 20 cSt, 3 cSt to 15 cSt, 3 cSt to 12 cSt, 3 cSt to 10 cSt, 3 cSt to 8 cSt, 3 cSt to 7 cSt, 3 cSt to 6.5 cSt, 3 cSt to 6.0 cSt, 3 cSt to 5.5 cSt, 3 cSt to 5.0 cSt, 3 cSt to 4.5 cSt, 3 cSt to 4.0 cSt, 3 cSt to 3.5 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 20 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 15 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 12 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 10 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 8 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 7 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 6.5 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 6.0 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 5.5 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 5.0 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 4.5 cSt, 3.5 cSt to 4.0 cSt, 4 cSt to 20 cSt, 4 cSt to 15 cSt, 4 cSt to 12 cSt, 4 cSt to 10 cSt, 4 cSt to 8 cSt, 4 cSt to 7 cSt, 4 cSt to 6.5 cSt, 4 cSt to 6.0 cSt, 4 cSt to 5.5 cSt, 4 cSt to 5.0 cSt, or 4 cSt to 4.5 cSt, particularly 1 cSt to 20 cSt, for example 2 cSt to 10 cSt, 2 cSt to 8 cSt, or 2.5 cSt to 6.5 cSt.

[0045] Anti-wear component

[0046] The transmission fluid enhancer additive package composition and / or the transmission fluid composition according to the present disclosure can contain two different classes of anti-wear components, namely the phosphorus-containing compound of component (i) and the ether / sulphide compound of component (ii).

[0047] Component (i) can advantageously comprise a mixture of two or more compounds of structure (I):

[0048]

[0049] wherein the groups R1, R2and R3may each independently comprise or be an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and / or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a sulphide linkage, provided that at least some of the groups R1, R2and R3may comprise or be an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a sulphide linkage. The mixture can comprise three or more, four or more, or five or more compounds of structure (I).

[0050] In some embodiments, the groups R1, R2and R3may each independently comprise or be an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and / or an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a sulphide linkage, provided that at least some of the groups R1, R2and R3may comprise or be an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a sulphide linkage.

[0051] When the groups R1, R2and R3comprise alkyl groups wherein the alkyl chain is not interrupted by a sulphide linkage, examples can include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, particularly comprising or being butyl.

[0052] When the groups R1, R2and R3comprise alkyl groups wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a sulphide linkage, examples include groups of structure -R’-S-R” wherein R’ can be -(CH2)n wherein n can be an integer from 2 to 4, and wherein R" can be -(CH2) m -CH3, wherein m can be an integer from 1 to 17, for example from 3 to 9.

[0053] In particular, in the mixture of compounds of structure (I) comprising component (i), at least 10 mass-% (for example, at least 20 mass-%, at least 30 mass-%, or at least 40 mass-%) of the mixture comprises a compound of structure (I) wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3comprises or is an alkyl group interrupted by a thioether linkage, in particular having the structure -R'-S-R", wherein R' can be -(CH2) n wherein n can be an integer from 2 to 4, and wherein R" can be -(CH2) m -CH3, wherein m can be an integer from 1 to 17, for example from 3 to 9.

[0054] Component (ii) can advantageously comprise one or more compounds of structure (II):

[0055]

[0056] wherein the groups R4and R7may each independently comprise or be an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein R5and R6may each independently comprise or be an alkyl bond having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In particular, R4and R7may each independently comprise or be -(CH2) m -CH3, wherein m is an integer from 1 to 17, for example from 3 to 9, and R5and R6may each independently comprise or be -(CH2) n wherein n is an integer from 2 to 4. The mixture can comprise two or more, or three or more compounds of structure (II).

[0057] In particular, the compound of structure (I) (component (i)) and the compound of structure (II) (component (ii)) can each be present in the enhancer additive package composition according to the present disclosure in an amount of 0.5 to 6.0 mass %, for example 0.7 to 5.0 mass %, 0.8 to 4.0 mass %, or 0.9 to 3.2 mass %, based on the total mass of the enhancer additive package, and / or, in the restored transmission fluid composition according to the present disclosure in an amount of 0.03 to 1.2 mass %, for example 0.05 to 0.8 mass %, 0.06 to 0.5 mass %, or 0.07 to 0.3 mass %, based on the total mass of the restored composition. Additionally or alternatively, in particular, the compound of structure (I) (component (i)) and the compound of structure (II) (component (ii)) can collectively provide the enhancer additive package composition according to the present disclosure having 350 to 5000 parts per million mass, for example 500 to 3800 ppm, 600 to 3000 ppm, or 700 to 2500 ppm, of phosphorus, based on the total mass of the enhancer additive package, and / or, the restored transmission fluid composition according to the present disclosure having 35 to 500 parts per million mass, for example 50 to 380 ppm, 60 to 300 ppm, or 70 to 250 ppm, of phosphorus, based on the total mass of the restored composition. The phosphorus content can be measured according to ASTM D5185. Further additionally or alternatively, in particular, the mass ratio of the compound of structure (I) (component (i)) to the compound of structure (II) (component (ii)) can be 2: 1 to 1:2, 3:2 to 2:3, or 4:3 to 3:4.

[0058] Ashless dispersant

[0059] In particular, the transmission fluid enhancer additive package composition and / or transmission fluid composition according to the present disclosure can further comprise one or more ashless dispersants.

[0060] Examples of ashless dispersants can include polyisobutenyl succinimides, polyisobutenyl succinamides, mixed ester / amide / imide of polyisobutenyl substituted succinic acid, hydroxy esters of polyisobutenyl substituted succinic acid, and Mannich condensation products of hydrocarbyl substituted phenols, formaldehyde, and polyamines, as well as reaction products and mixtures thereof.

[0061] Basic nitrogen-containing ashless dispersants are well known lubricating oil additives, and methods for their preparation are widely described in the patent literature. Exemplary dispersants can include polyisobutenyl succinimides and succinamides, where the polyisobutenyl substituent is a long chain of greater than 36 carbons, such as greater than 40 carbon atoms. These materials can be readily prepared by reacting a polyisobutenyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid material with a molecule containing amine functionality. Examples of suitable amines can include polyamines, such as polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxyl-substituted polyamines, polyoxyalkylene polyamines, and combinations thereof. Amine functionality can be provided by polyalkylene polyamines such as tetraethylenepentamine and pentaethylenehexamine. Mixtures of each polyamine molecule having an average number of nitrogen atoms greater than 7 are also useful. These are commonly referred to as heavy polyamines or H-PAM, and can be available under trade names such as HPAM® TM and HPA-X TM from Dow Chemical, E-100 TM from Huntsman Chemical, and the like. Examples of hydroxyl-substituted polyamines can include N-hydroxyalkyl-alkylene polyamines, such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, and / or N-hydroxyalkylated alkylene diamines of the type described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,873,009. Examples of polyoxyalkylene polyamines can include polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene diamines and triamines having an average Mn of about 200 to about 2500 Daltons. Products of this type can be available under the trade name Jeffamine® TM from Huntsman Chemical.

[0062] As is known in the art, the reaction of an amine with a polyisobutenyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid material, suitably an alkenyl succinic anhydride or maleic anhydride, can be conveniently effected by heating the reactants together, for example in an oil solution. Reaction temperatures of from ~100°C to ~250°C and reaction times of from ~1 to ~10 hours can be typical. The reaction ratio can vary significantly, but generally from about 0.1 to about 1.0 equivalents of dicarboxylic acid unit content per 1 equivalent of amine-containing reactant can be used.

[0063] Additionally or alternatively, exemplary ashless dispersants can have the general formula:

[0064]

[0065] where R 11 and R 12 each can individually be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, with the proviso that R 11 and R 12 are not both hydrogen; z can be an integer from 0 to 10, such as from 1 to 8; and each R 13 can individually be hydrogen, an acetyl group, -CH2-CH2-N(R 13)2 groups or branched succinimides of the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] or where two proximate R 13 groups attached to different nitrogen atoms can be linked together, for example using an ethylene bridge to form a piperazinyl group.

[0068] To properly function as a dispersant, the hydrocarbyl groups on each succinimide ring (i.e., if R 12 is hydrogen, the associated R 11 alone, if R 11 is hydrogen, the associated R 12 alone, or the combination of associated R 11 and R 12 ) can advantageously contain greater than 36 carbon atoms, particularly greater than 40 carbon atoms, greater than 44 carbon atoms, or greater than 48 carbon atoms. When R 12 is hydrogen and R 11 is a polyisobutenyl chain, this structure describes the previously mentioned polyisobutenyl succinimide. When R 11 is a polyalphaolefin (PAO) chain, such as a metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefin (mPAO) prepared by polymerizing 1-octene, 1-decene, and / or 1-dodecene, this structure describes a similar polyalphaolefin succinimide dispersant. As with the polyisobutenyl chain, additional or alternative examples of ashless dispersants can include polyalphaolefin succinamides, mixed ester / amide / imide of polyalphaolefin-substituted succinic acid, and / or hydroxy ester of polyalphaolefin-substituted succinic acid, as well as variants having imidazoline and / or oxazoline linkages other than the succinimide shown in the formula above. Examples of such PAO dispersants can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0264665.

[0069] In particular, the ashless dispersant can include a polyisobutenyl succinimide formed from a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine such as tetraethylenepentamine or H-PAM. The polyisobutenyl group can be derived from a polyisobutylene and can exhibit a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 750 to about 5000 Daltons, such as about 900 to about 2500 Daltons.

[0070] As known in the art, the dispersant can be post-treated (e.g., with a borating / boronating agent and / or with an inorganic acid of phosphorus). Suitable examples can be found, for example, in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,254,025; 3,502,677; and 4,857,214.

[0071] When used, the ashless dispersant can be present in the transmission fluid composition according to the present disclosure in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mass %, particularly 0.5 to 5.0 mass %, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. Additionally or alternatively, when used, the ashless dispersant can be present in the enhancer additive package concentrate according to the present disclosure in an amount of at least 15 mass %, for example, at least 20 mass %, at least 25 mass %, at least 30 mass %, at least 35 mass %, at least 40 mass %, 15 to 65 mass %, 15 to 60 mass %, 15 to 55 mass %, 15 to 50 mass %, 15 to 45 mass %, 15 to 40 mass %, 20 to 65 mass %, 20 to 60 mass %, 20 to 55 mass %, 20 to 50 mass %, 20 to 45 mass %, 20 to 40 mass %, 25 to 65 mass %, 25 to 60 mass %, 25 to 55 mass %, 25 to 50 mass %, 25 to 45 mass %, 25 to 40 mass %, 30 to 65 mass %, 30 to 60 mass %, 30 to 55 mass %, 30 to 50 mass %, 30 to 45 mass %, 30 to 40 mass %, 35 to 65 mass %, 35 to 60 mass %, 35 to 55 mass %, 35 to 50 mass %, 35 to 45 mass %, or 35 to 40 mass %, particularly at least 20 mass %, at least 30 mass %, 20 to 55 mass %, or 30 to 50 mass %. Mixtures of more than one ashless dispersant can be included in the enhancer additive package concentrate and / or transmission fluid composition, in which case the amounts given herein refer to the total amount of the dispersant mixture used.

[0072] Detergents

[0073] The transmission fluid enhancer additive package composition and / or transmission fluid composition according to the present disclosure can further comprise a detergent, for example a calcium-containing detergent. These detergents are typically sufficiently oil-soluble or dispersible to remain dissolved or dispersed in the oil so as to be transported by the oil to their intended site of action. Calcium-containing detergents are known in the art and include neutral and overbased calcium salts of acidic materials such as salicylic acid, sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, alkyl phenols, sulfurized alkyl phenols, and mixtures of these materials.

[0074] Neutral calcium-containing detergents are those detergents that contain a stoichiometric equivalent amount of calcium relative to the amount of (Lewis) acidic moieties present in the detergent. Thus, in general, neutral detergents can have a relatively low alkalinity when compared to their overbased counterparts.

[0075] The term "overbased" (e.g., in connection with calcium detergents) is used to denote the fact that the calcium component is present in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount of the corresponding (Lewis) acid component. A commonly employed method for making overbased salts involves heating a mineral oil solution of the acid with a stoichiometric excess of the neutralizing agent (in this case, a calcium neutralizing agent such as an oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfide, or combinations thereof, at a temperature of about 50°C), and filtering the resulting product. It is also known to use "promoters" in the neutralization step to aid in the incorporation of the large excess of salt / base (in this case, calcium). Examples of compounds that can be used as promoters can include, but are not necessarily limited to, phenolic substances such as phenol, naphthol, alkyl phenol, thiophenol, sulfided alkyl phenol, and condensation products of formaldehyde with phenolic substances; alcohols such as methanol, 2-propanol, octanol, Cellosolve TM alcohol, Carbitol TM alcohol, ethylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, and cyclohexanol; amines such as aniline, phenylenediamine, phenothiazine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, and dodecylamine; and combinations thereof. A particularly effective method for making basic salts involves mixing the acidic material with an excess of the calcium neutralizing agent and at least one alcoholic promoter, and carbonating the mixture at an elevated temperature (e.g., 60 to 200°C).

[0076] Examples of calcium-containing detergents that can be used in the transmission fluid compositions of the present disclosure can include, but are not necessarily limited to, neutral and / or overbased salts of, for example, calcium phenate; sulfided calcium phenate (e.g., in which each aromatic group has one or more aliphatic groups to impart hydrocarbon solubility); calcium sulfonate (e.g., in which each sulfonic acid moiety is attached to an aromatic nucleus that in turn typically contains one or more aliphatic substituents to impart hydrocarbon solubility); calcium salicylate (e.g., in which the aromatic moiety is typically substituted with one or more aliphatic substituents to impart hydrocarbon solubility); calcium salts of hydrolyzed phosphosulfided olefins (e.g., having 10 to 2000 carbon atoms) and / or hydrolyzed phosphosulfided alcohols and / or aliphatically-substituted phenolic compounds (e.g., having 10 to 2000 carbon atoms); calcium salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids and / or aliphatically-substituted alicyclic carboxylic acids; combinations and / or reaction products thereof; and calcium salts of many other similar oil-soluble organic acids. If desired, mixtures of neutral and / or overbased salts of two or more different acids can be used (e.g., one or more overbased calcium phenates with one or more overbased calcium sulfonates and / or one or more overbased calcium salicylates).

[0077] Methods for preparing oil-soluble neutral and overbased calcium detergents are well known to those skilled in the art and are widely reported in the patent literature. The calcium-containing detergents can optionally be post-treated, for example boration. Methods for preparing borationed detergents are well known to those skilled in the art and are widely reported in the patent literature.

[0078] When present, the calcium-containing detergent can advantageously comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, a neutral or overbased calcium phenate detergent, optionally plus a neutral or overbased calcium sulfonate detergent and / or a neutral or overbased calcium salicylate detergent.

[0079] Antioxidants

[0080] Antioxidants are sometimes referred to as oxidation inhibitors and can increase the resistance (or decrease the susceptibility) of the transmission fluid composition to oxidation. They can act by combining with and modifying oxidizing agents, such as peroxides and other free radical-forming compounds, to render them harmless, for example, by decomposing them or rendering catalysts or oxidation promoters inert. Oxidative deterioration can be evidenced by sludge in the fluid, by varnish-like deposits on metal surfaces, and sometimes by an increase in viscosity, as use increases.

[0081] Examples of suitable antioxidants can include, but are not limited to, copper-containing antioxidants, sulfur-containing antioxidants, aromatic amine- and / or amide-containing antioxidants, hindered phenolic antioxidants, dithiophosphates and derivatives, etc., and combinations and certain reaction products thereof. Some antioxidants can be ashless (i.e., can contain few, if any, metal atoms other than trace or contaminant amounts). In most embodiments, one or more antioxidants (particularly, at least a combination of aromatic amine antioxidants and hindered phenolic antioxidants) are present in the new (and fully formulated) vehicle transmission lubricant fluid and typically remain present in the used vehicle transmission lubricant fluid. Thus, when the transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to the present disclosure is added to a used vehicle transmission lubricant fluid to form a transmission fluid composition according to the present disclosure, the transmission fluid composition can typically include one or more antioxidants, but in some embodiments only from the used vehicle transmission lubricity fluid; in such embodiments, the transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to the present disclosure can include substantially no additional antioxidants (not counting as another additive with a different recited function - for example, a phosphorus-containing antiwear agent can have antioxidant properties, but does not qualify as an additional antioxidant due to the antiwear primary function recited for component (i)).

[0082] Corrosion inhibitors

[0083] Corrosion inhibitors can be used to reduce corrosion of metals, and are often referred to alternatively as metal deactivators or metal passivators. Some corrosion inhibitors can alternatively be characterized as antioxidants.

[0084] Suitable corrosion inhibitors can include nitrogen and / or sulfur containing heterocyclic compounds, such as triazoles (e.g., benzotriazoles), substituted thiadiazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles, tetrazoles, hydroxyquinolines, oxazolines, imidazolines, thiophenes, indoles, indazoles, quinolines, benzoxazinones, dithiols, oxazoles, oxatriazoles, pyridines, piperazines, triazines, and derivatives of any one or more thereof. A particular corrosion inhibitor is a benzotriazole represented by the structure:

[0085]

[0086] where R 8 is absent or a C1to C 20 hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group. It can contain cyclic structures that are essentially alkyl or aromatic and / or contain heteroatoms such as N, O, or S. Examples of suitable compounds can include benzotriazoles, alkyl-substituted benzotriazoles (e.g., tolyltriazole, ethylbenzotriazole, hexylbenzotriazole, octylbenzotriazole, etc.), aryl-substituted benzotriazoles, alkylaryl- or arylalkyl-substituted benzotriazoles, etc., and combinations thereof. For example, the triazole can include or be a benzotriazole and / or an alkylbenzotriazole, where the alkyl group contains 1 to about 20 carbon atoms or 1 to about 8 carbon atoms. Preferred corrosion inhibitors can include or be benzotriazoles and / or tolyltriazoles.

[0087] Additionally or alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor can include a substituted thiadiazole represented by the structure:

[0088]

[0089] where R 9 and R 10 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, which can be aliphatic or aromatic, including cyclic, alicyclic, arylalkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl. These substituted thiadiazoles are derived from a 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) molecule. Numerous derivatives of DMTD have been described in the art, and any such compounds can be included in the transmission fluid used in the present disclosure. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,719,125, 2,719,126, and 3,087,937 describe the preparation of various 2,5-bis-(hydrocarbyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles.

[0090] Still additionally or alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor can include one or more other derivatives of DMTD, such as carboxylic acid esters, where R 9 and R10 The carbonyl group can be attached to the sulfide sulfur atom. The preparation of these sulfur-containing ester DMTD derivatives is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 2,760,933. DMTD derivatives prepared by condensation of DMTD with alpha-halogenated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having at least 10 carbon atoms are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 2,836,564. This process produces DMTD derivatives in which R 9 and R 10 is HOOC-CH(R 19 )-(R 19 is a hydrocarbyl group). Further production of DMTD derivatives by amidation or esterification of these terminal carboxylic acid groups can also be useful.

[0091] The preparation of 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazoles is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 3,663,561.

[0092] A particular class of DMTD derivatives can include a mixture of 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazoles and 2,5-bis-hydrocarbyldithio-l,3,4-thiadiazoles. Such a mixture is sold under the trade name 4313 and is commercially available from Afton Chemical.

[0093] When used, the corrosion inhibitor can be present in any effective amount, but typically can be used in the transmission fluid composition in an amount of about 0.001 to 3.0 mass %, for example, 0.003 to 1.0 mass % or 0.005 to 0.5 mass %, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. Additionally or alternatively, when used, the corrosion inhibitor can be present in the booster additive concentrate in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 mass %, for example, 0.03 to 5.0 mass % or 0.05 to 2.0 mass %, based on the mass of the booster additive concentrate.

[0094] Friction modifier

[0095] The friction modifier can include a derivative of a polyethylene polyamine and / or an ethoxylated long chain amine. The derivative of the polyethylene polyamine can advantageously include a succinimide of defined structure or can be a simple amide.

[0096] Suitable succinimides derived from polyethylene polyamines can include those of the following structure:

[0097]

[0098] wherein x+y can be 8 to 15, and z can be 0 or an integer from 1 to 5, particularly wherein x+y can be 11 to 15 (e.g., 13), and z can be 1 to 3. The preparation of such friction modifiers is described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,840,663.

[0099] The above succinimides can be post-reacted with acetic anhydride to form a friction modifier exemplified by the structure below (where z = 1):

[0100]

[0101] The preparation of such friction modifiers is known, and can be found in, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 005277. Post-reactions with other reagents (e.g., boration / borating reagents) are also known in the art.

[0102] When present, such succinimide friction modifiers can be used in any effective amount. Typically, in a transmission fluid composition, they can be used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mass %, e.g., 0.3 to 6.0 mass % or 0.5 to 3.0 mass %, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. Additionally or alternatively, when used, the succinimide friction modifier can be present in an enhancer additive package concentrate in an amount of about 0.5 to 50 mass %, e.g., 1.0 to 40 mass % or 3.0 to 30 mass %, based on the mass of the enhancer additive package concentrate.

[0103] An example of an alternative simple amide can have the structure:

[0104]

[0105] wherein R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different alkyl groups. For example, R 1 and R 2 may be C 14 to C 20 alkyl groups, which can be linear or branched, and m can be an integer from 1 to 5. Particularly, R 1 and R 2 may both be derived from isostearic acid, and m can be 4.

[0106] When present, such simple amide friction modifiers can be used in any effective amount. Typically, in a transmission fluid composition, they can be used in an amount of 0.01 to 5.0 mass %, e.g., 0.03 to 2.0 mass %, or 0.05 to 1.0 mass %, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. Additionally or alternatively, when used, simple amide friction modifiers can be present in an enhancer additive package concentrate in an amount of about 0.1 to 15 mass %, e.g., 0.3 to 8.0 mass %, or 0.5 to 4.0 mass %, based on the mass of the enhancer additive package concentrate.

[0107] Suitable ethoxylated amine friction modifiers can include or be the reaction product of a primary and / or diamine with ethylene oxide. The reaction with ethylene oxide can be suitably carried out using a stoichiometry such that substantially all of the primary and secondary amines are converted to tertiary amines. Such amines can have the exemplary structure:

[0108]

[0109] where R 3 and R 4 can be alkyl groups or alkyl groups containing sulfur or oxygen linkages (containing about 10 to 20 carbon atoms). Exemplary ethoxylated amine friction modifiers can include where R 3 and / or R 4 can contain 16 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g., 16 to 18 carbon atoms. Such types of materials are commercially available and are sold by Akzo Nobel under the trade designation and . Suitable materials from Akzo Nobel can include, among others, T / 12 and

[0110] T / 13.

[0111] When present, such ethoxylated amine friction modifiers can be used in any effective amount. Typically, in a transmission fluid composition, they can be used in an amount of 0.01 to 4.0 mass %, e.g., 0.02 to 1.5 mass %, or 0.03 to 0.8 mass %, based on the mass of the transmission fluid composition. Additionally or alternatively, when used, ethoxylated amine friction modifiers can be present in an enhancer additive package concentrate in an amount of about 0.1 to 10 mass %, e.g., 0.2 to 6.0 mass %, or 0.3 to 3.0 mass %, based on the mass of the enhancer additive package concentrate.

[0112] However, in some embodiments, particularly those in which the transmission fluid composition is used in conjunction with a hybrid or fully electric engine, the transmission fluid composition can optionally be substantially free of friction modifiers, or alternatively substantially free of friction modifiers of the type described herein.

[0113] Other additives

[0114] Other additives known in the art can optionally be added to the transmission fluid, such as but not limited to other anti-wear agents, extreme pressure additives, viscosity modifiers, and the like. They are generally disclosed in, for example, C. V. Smallheer and R. Kennedy Smith, "Lubricant Additives", 1967, pp. 1-11.

[0115] Properties of the composition

[0116] The transmission fluid booster additive package compositions and rejuvenated lubricating oil compositions according to the present disclosure can exhibit specific concentrations (contents) of different elements.

[0117] For example, the transmission fluid enhancer additive package composition according to this disclosure may exhibit a boron content of at least 0.02% by mass, such as at least 0.03% by mass, at least 0.04% by mass, at least 0.05% by mass, at least 0.07% by mass, at least 0.1% by mass, at least 0.12% by mass, at least 0.15% by mass, at least 0.17% by mass, at least 0.2% by mass, at least 0.22% by mass, at least 0.25% by mass, at least 0.27% by mass, at least 0.3% by mass, 0.02% to 1.2% by mass, 0.02% to 1.0% by mass, 0.02% to 0.9% by mass, 0.02% to 0.8% by mass, 0.02% to 0.75% by mass, 0. 0.02% to 0.7% by mass, 0.02% to 0.65% by mass, 0.02% to 0.6% by mass, 0.02% to 0.55% by mass, 0.02% to 0.5% by mass, 0.02% to 0.2% by mass, 0.02% to 0.1% by mass, 0.03% to 1.2% by mass, 0.03% to 1.0% by mass, 0.03% to 0.9% by mass, 0.03% to 0.8% by mass, 0.03% to 0.75% by mass, 0.03% to 0.7% by mass, 0.03% to 0.65% by mass, 0.03% to 0.6% by mass, 0.03% to 0.55% by mass, 0.03% by mass 0.5% by mass, 0.03% by mass to 0.2% by mass, 0.03% by mass to 0.1% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 1.2% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 1.0% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.9% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.8% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.75% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.7% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.65% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.6% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.55% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.5% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.2% by mass, 0.04% by mass to 0.1% by mass, 0.05% by mass to 1.2% by mass, 0.05% by mass to 1.0% by mass. % by mass, 0.05% to 0.9% by mass, 0.05% to 0.8% by mass, 0.05% to 0.75% by mass, 0.05% to 0.7% by mass, 0.05% to 0.65% by mass, 0.05% to 0.6% by mass, 0.05% to 0.55% by mass, 0.05% to 0.5% by mass, 0.05% to 0.2% by mass, 0.05% to 0.1% by mass, 0.07% to 1.2% by mass, 0.07% to 1.0% by mass, 0.07% to 0.9% by mass, 0.07% to 0.8% by mass, 0.07% to 0.75% by mass, 0.07% to 0.7% by mass, 0.0.07 to 0.65 mass %, 0.07 to 0.6 mass %, 0.07 to 0.55 mass %, 0.07 to 0.5 mass %, 0.07 to 0.2 mass %, 0.07 to 0.1 mass %, 0.1 to 1.2 mass %, 0.1 to 1.0 mass %, 0.1 to 0.9 mass %, 0.1 to 0.8 mass %, 0.1 to 0.75 mass %, 0.1 to 0.7 mass %, 0.1 to 0.65 mass %, 0.1 to 0.6 mass %, 0.1 to 0.55 mass %, 0.1 to 0.5 mass %, 0.15 to 1.2 mass %, 0.15 to 1.0 mass %, 0.15 to 0.9 mass %, 0.15 to 0.8 mass %, 0.15 to 0.75 mass %, 0.15 to 0.7 mass %, 0.15 to 0.65 mass %, 0.15 to 0.6 mass %, 0.15 to 0.55 mass %, 0.15 to 0.5 mass %, 0.2 to 1.2 mass %, 0.2 to 1.0 mass %, 0.2 to 0.9 mass %, 0.2 to 0.8 mass %, 0.2 to 0.75 mass %, 0.2 to 0.7 mass %, 0.2 to 0.65 mass %, 0.2 to 0.6 mass %, 0.2 to 0.55 mass %, 0.2 to 0.5 mass %, 0.25 to 1.2 mass %, 0.25 to 1.0 mass %, 0.25 to 0.9 mass %, 0.25 to 0.8 mass %, 0.25 to 0.75 mass %, 0.25 to 0.7 mass %, 0.25 to 0.65 mass %, 0.25 to 0.6 mass %, 0.25 to 0.55 mass %, 0.25 to 0.5 mass %, 0.3 to 1.2 mass %, 0.3 to 1.0 mass %, 0.3 to 0.9 mass %, 0.3 to 0.8 mass %, 0.3 to 0.75 mass %, 0.3 to 0.7 mass %, 0.3 to 0.65 mass %, 0.3 to 0.6 mass %, 0.3 to 0.55 mass %, or 0.3 to 0.5 mass %, in particular at least 0.04 mass % or 0.04 to 0.75 mass %, based on the total mass of the additive package composition.

[0118] Additionally or alternatively, the recovered lubricating oil composition according to the present disclosure can exhibit a boron content of at least 30 parts per million by mass, for example, at least 50 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 85 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 110 ppm, at least 120 ppm, at least 130 ppm, at least 140 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 160 ppm, at least 170 ppm, at least 180 ppm, at least 190 ppm, at least 200 ppm, 30 ppm to 750 ppm, 30 ppm to 600 ppm, 30 ppm to 500 ppm, 30 ppm to 450 ppm, 30 ppm to 400 ppm, 30 ppm to 350 ppm, 30 ppm to 300 ppm, 30 ppm to 270 ppm, 30 ppm to 250 ppm, 30 ppm to 220 ppm, 30 ppm to 200 ppm, 30 ppm to 150 ppm, 50 ppm to 750 ppm, 50 ppm to 600 ppm, 50 ppm to 500 ppm, 50 ppm to 450 ppm, 50 ppm to 400 ppm, 50 ppm to 350 ppm, 50 ppm to 300 ppm, 50 ppm to 270 ppm, 50 ppm to 250 ppm, 50 ppm to 220 ppm, 50 ppm to 200 ppm, 50 ppm to 150 ppm, 70 ppm to 750 ppm, 70 ppm to 600 ppm, 70 ppm to 500 ppm, 70 ppm to 450 ppm, 70 ppm to 400 ppm, 70 ppm to 350 ppm, 70 ppm to 300 ppm, 70 ppm to 270 ppm, 70 ppm to 250 ppm, 70 ppm to 220 ppm, 70 ppm to 200 ppm, 70 ppm to 150 ppm, 85 ppm to 750 ppm, 85 ppm to 600 ppm, 85 ppm to 500 ppm, 85 ppm to 450 ppm, 85 ppm to 400 ppm, 85 ppm to 350 ppm, 85 ppm to 300 ppm, 85 ppm to 270 ppm, 85 ppm to 250 ppm, 85 ppm to 220 ppm, 85 ppm to 200 ppm, 100 ppm to 750 ppm, 100 ppm to 600 ppm, 100 ppm to 500 ppm, 100 ppm to 450 ppm, 100 ppm to 400 ppm, 100 ppm to 350 ppm, 100 ppm to 300 ppm, 100 ppm to 270 ppm, 100 ppm to 250 ppm, 100 ppm to 220 ppm, 110 ppm to 200 ppm, 110 ppm to 750 ppm, 110 ppm to 600 ppm, 110 ppm to 500 ppm, 110 ppm to 450 ppm,110 ppm to 400 ppm, 110 ppm to 350 ppm, 110 ppm to 300 ppm, 110 ppm to 270 ppm, 110 ppm to 250 ppm, 110 ppm to 220 ppm, 110 ppm to 200 ppm, 120 ppm to 750 ppm, 120 ppm to 600 ppm, 120 ppm to 500 ppm, 120 ppm to 450 ppm, 120 ppm to 400 ppm, 120 ppm to 350 ppm, 120 ppm to 300 ppm, 120 ppm to 270 ppm, 120 ppm to 250 ppm, 120 ppm to 220 ppm, 120 ppm to 200 ppm, 130 ppm to 750 ppm, 130 ppm to 600 ppm, 130 ppm to 500 ppm, 130 ppm to 450 ppm, 130 ppm to 400 ppm, 130 ppm to 350 ppm, 130 ppm to 300 ppm, 130 ppm to 270 ppm, 130 ppm to 250 ppm, 130 ppm to 220 ppm, 130 ppm to 200 ppm, 140 ppm to 750 ppm, 140 ppm to 600 ppm, 140 ppm to 500 ppm, 140 ppm to 450 ppm, 140 ppm to 400 ppm, 140 ppm to 350 ppm, 140 ppm to 300 ppm, 140 ppm to 270 ppm, 140 ppm to 250 ppm, 140 ppm to 220 ppm, 140 ppm to 200 ppm, 150 ppm to 750 ppm, 150 ppm to 600 ppm, 150 ppm to 500 ppm, 150 ppm to 450 ppm, 150 ppm to 400 ppm, 150 ppm to 350 ppm, 150 ppm to 300 ppm, 150 ppm to 270 ppm, 150 ppm to 250 ppm, 150 ppm to 220 ppm, or 150 ppm to 200 ppm, based on the total mass of the recovered lubricating oil composition.

[0119] Further, additionally, or alternatively, the transmission fluid enhancer additive package composition according to this disclosure may exhibit a calcium content of 0.1% to 3.5% by mass (from at least the detergent and / or optionally from any other calcium-containing component), for example, 0.1% to 3.0% by mass, 0.1% to 2.5% by mass, 0.1% to 2.3% by mass, 0.1% to 2.0% by mass, 0.1% to 1.8% by mass, 0.1% to 1.5% by mass, 0.1% to 1.3% by mass, 0.1% to 1.0% by mass, 0.1% to 0.9% by mass, 0.1% to 0.8% by mass, 0.1% to 0.7% by mass, 0.2% to 3.5% by mass. 0.2% to 3.0% by mass, 0.2% to 2.5% by mass, 0.2% to 2.3% by mass, 0.2% to 2.0% by mass, 0.2% to 1.8% by mass, 0.2% to 1.5% by mass, 0.2% to 1.3% by mass, 0.2% to 1.0% by mass, 0.2% to 0.9% by mass, 0.2% to 0.8% by mass, 0.2% to 0.7% by mass, 0.3% to 3.5% by mass, 0.3% to 3.0% by mass, 0.3% to 2.5% by mass, 0.3% to 2.3% by mass, 0.3% to 2.0% by mass, 0.3% to 1.8% by mass, 0.3% to 1.5% by mass %, 0.3% to 1.3% by mass, 0.3% to 1.0% by mass, 0.3% to 0.9% by mass, 0.3% to 0.8% by mass, 0.3% to 0.7% by mass, 0.4% to 3.5% by mass, 0.4% to 3.0% by mass, 0.4% to 2.5% by mass, 0.4% to 2.3% by mass, 0.4% to 2.0% by mass, 0.4% to 1.8% by mass, 0.4% to 1.5% by mass, 0.4% to 1.3% by mass, 0.4% to 1.0% by mass, 0.4% to 0.9% by mass, 0.4% to 0.8% by mass, 0.4% to 0.7% by mass, 0.5% to 3.5% by mass. % by mass, 0.5% to 3.0% by mass, 0.5% to 2.5% by mass, 0.5% to 2.3% by mass, 0.5% to 2.0% by mass, 0.5% to 1.8% by mass, 0.5% to 1.5% by mass, 0.5% to 1.3% by mass, 0.5% to 1.0% by mass, 0.5% to 0.9% by mass, 0.5% to 0.8% by mass, 0.5% to 0.7% by mass, 0.6% to 3.5% by mass, 0.6% to 3.0% by mass, 0.6% to 2.5% by mass, 0.6% to 2.3% by mass, 0.6% to 2.0% by mass, 0.6% to 1.8% by mass, 0.6% to 1.5% by mass, 0.6 to 1.3% by mass, 0.6 to 1.0% by mass, 0.6 to 0.9% by mass, 0.6 to 0.8% by mass, or 0.6 to 0.7% by mass, in particular 0.2 to 2.0% by mass, 0.3 to 1.5% by mass, or 0.3 to 1.0% by mass, based on the total mass of the additive package composition.

[0120] Furthermore, or alternatively, the restored lubricating oil composition according to this disclosure may exhibit a calcium content of 150 ppm to 7500 ppm (by mass) (from at least the detergent and / or optionally from any other calcium-containing component), for example, 150 ppm to 6000 ppm, 150 ppm to 5000 ppm, 150 ppm to 4500 ppm, 150 ppm to 4000 ppm, 150 ppm to 3500 ppm, 150 ppm to 3000 ppm, 150 ppm to 2500 ppm, 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, 150 ppm to 1500 ppm, 150 ppm to 1250 ppm, 150 ppm to 1000 ppm 150ppm to 800ppm, 150ppm to 600ppm, 250ppm to 7500ppm, 250ppm to 6000ppm, 250ppm to 5000ppm, 250ppm to 4500ppm, 250ppm to 4000ppm, 250ppm to 3500ppm, 250ppm to 3000ppm, 250ppm to 2500ppm, 250ppm to 2000ppm, 250ppm to 1500ppm, 250ppm to 1250ppm, 250ppm to 1000ppm, 250ppm to 800ppm, 250ppm to 600ppm, 300ppm to 7500ppm ppm, 300ppm to 6000ppm, 300ppm to 5000ppm, 300ppm to 4500ppm, 300ppm to 4000ppm, 300ppm to 3500ppm, 300ppm to 3000ppm, 300ppm to 2500ppm, 300ppm to 2000ppm, 300ppm to 1500ppm, 300ppm to 1250ppm, 300ppm to 1000ppm, 300ppm to 800ppm, 300ppm to 600ppm, 350ppm to 7500ppm, 350ppm to 6000ppm, 350ppm to 5000ppm, 350pp m to 4500ppm, 350ppm to 4000ppm, 350ppm to 3500ppm, 350ppm to 3000ppm, 350ppm to 2500ppm, 350ppm to 2000ppm, 350ppm to 1500ppm, 350ppm to 1250ppm, 350ppm to 1000ppm, 350ppm to 800ppm, 350ppm to 600ppm, 400ppm to 7500ppm, 400ppm to 6000ppm, 400ppm to 5000ppm, 400ppm to 4500ppm, 400ppm to 4000ppm, 400ppm to 3500ppm400 ppm to 3000 ppm, 400 ppm to 2500 ppm, 400 ppm to 2000 ppm, 400 ppm to 1500 ppm, 400 ppm to 1250 ppm, 400 ppm to 1000 ppm, 400 ppm to 800 ppm, 400 ppm to 600 ppm, 450 ppm to 7500 ppm, 450 ppm to 6000 ppm, 450 ppm to 5000 ppm, 450 ppm to 4500 ppm, 450 ppm to 4000 ppm, 450 ppm to 3500 ppm, 450 ppm to 3000 ppm, 450 ppm to 2500 ppm, 450 ppm to 2000 ppm, 450 ppm to 1500 ppm, 450 ppm to 1250 ppm, 450 ppm to 1000 ppm, 450 ppm to 800 ppm, 450 ppm to 600 ppm, 500 ppm to 7500 ppm, 500 ppm to 6000 ppm, 500 ppm to 5000 ppm, 500 ppm to 4500 ppm, 500 ppm to 4000 ppm, 500 ppm to 3500 ppm, 500 ppm to 3000 ppm, 500 ppm to 2500 ppm, 500 ppm to 2000 ppm, 500 ppm to 1500 ppm, 500 ppm to 1250 ppm, 500 ppm to 1000 ppm, 500 ppm to 800 ppm, or 500 ppm to 600 ppm, in particular 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, 250 ppm to 800 ppm, 300 ppm to 1250 ppm, or 300 ppm to 1000 ppm, based on the total mass of the recovered lubricating oil composition.

[0121] Furthermore, or alternatively, the transmission fluid enhancer additive package composition according to this disclosure may exhibit a phosphorus content of 0.1% to 3.5% by mass (from compounds of at least structure (I) and structure (II) and / or optionally from any other phosphorus-containing component), for example, 0.1% to 3.0% by mass, 0.1% to 2.5% by mass, 0.1% to 2.3% by mass, 0.1% to 2.0% by mass, 0.1% to 1.8% by mass, 0.1% to 1.5% by mass, 0.1% to 1.3% by mass, 0.1% to 1.0% by mass, 0.1% to 0.9% by mass, 0.1% to 0.8% by mass, 0.1% to 0.7% by mass. 0.2% to 3.5% by mass, 0.2% to 3.0% by mass, 0.2% to 2.5% by mass, 0.2% to 2.3% by mass, 0.2% to 2.0% by mass, 0.2% to 1.8% by mass, 0.2% to 1.5% by mass, 0.2% to 1.3% by mass, 0.2% to 1.0% by mass, 0.2% to 0.9% by mass, 0.2% to 0.8% by mass, 0.2% to 0.7% by mass, 0.3% to 3.5% by mass, 0.3% to 3.0% by mass, 0.3% to 2.5% by mass, 0.3% to 2.3% by mass, 0.3% to 2.0% by mass, 0.3% to 1.8% by mass %, 0.3% to 1.5% by mass, 0.3% to 1.3% by mass, 0.3% to 1.0% by mass, 0.3% to 0.9% by mass, 0.3% to 0.8% by mass, 0.3% to 0.7% by mass, 0.4% to 3.5% by mass, 0.4% to 3.0% by mass, 0.4% to 2.5% by mass, 0.4% to 2.3% by mass, 0.4% to 2.0% by mass, 0.4% to 1.8% by mass, 0.4% to 1.5% by mass, 0.4% to 1.3% by mass, 0.4% to 1.0% by mass, 0.4% to 0.9% by mass, 0.4% to 0.8% by mass, 0.4% to 0.7% by mass. % by mass, 0.5% to 3.5% by mass, 0.5% to 3.0% by mass, 0.5% to 2.5% by mass, 0.5% to 2.3% by mass, 0.5% to 2.0% by mass, 0.5% to 1.8% by mass, 0.5% to 1.5% by mass, 0.5% to 1.3% by mass, 0.5% to 1.0% by mass, 0.5% to 0.9% by mass, 0.5% to 0.8% by mass, 0.5% to 0.7% by mass, 0.6% to 3.5% by mass, 0.6% to 3.0% by mass, 0.6% to 2.5% by mass, 0.6% to 2.3% by mass, 0.6% to 2.0% by mass, 0.6% to 1% by mass.8% by mass, 0.6% to 1.5% by mass, 0.6% to 1.3% by mass, 0.6% to 1.0% by mass, 0.6% to 0.9% by mass, 0.6% to 0.8% by mass, or 0.6% to 0.7% by mass, particularly 0.2% to 2.0% by mass, 0.3% to 1.5% by mass, or 0.3% to 1.0% by mass, based on the total mass of the additive package composition.

[0122] Furthermore, or alternatively, the restored lubricating oil composition according to this disclosure may exhibit a phosphorus content of 150 ppm to 7500 ppm (by mass) (from compounds of at least structure (I) and structure (II) and / or optionally from any other phosphorus-containing component), for example 150 ppm to 6000 ppm, 150 ppm to 5000 ppm, 150 ppm to 4500 ppm, 150 ppm to 4000 ppm, 150 ppm to 3500 ppm, 150 ppm to 3000 ppm, 150 ppm to 2500 ppm, 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, 150 ppm to 1500 ppm, 150 ppm to 1250 ppm, 1 50ppm to 1000ppm, 150ppm to 800ppm, 150ppm to 600ppm, 250ppm to 7500ppm, 250ppm to 6000ppm, 250ppm to 5000ppm, 250ppm to 4500ppm, 250ppm to 4000ppm, 250ppm to 3500ppm, 250ppm to 3000ppm, 250ppm to 2500ppm, 250ppm to 2000ppm, 250ppm to 1500ppm, 250ppm to 1250ppm, 250ppm to 1000ppm, 250ppm to 800ppm, 250ppm to 600ppm pm, 300ppm to 7500ppm, 300ppm to 6000ppm, 300ppm to 5000ppm, 300ppm to 4500ppm, 300ppm to 4000ppm, 300ppm to 3500ppm, 300ppm to 3000ppm, 300ppm to 2500ppm, 300ppm to 2000ppm, 300ppm to 1500ppm, 300ppm to 1250ppm, 300ppm to 1000ppm, 300ppm to 800ppm, 300ppm to 600ppm, 350ppm to 7500ppm, 350ppm to 6000ppm, 350ppm Up to 5000ppm, 350ppm to 4500ppm, 350ppm to 4000ppm, 350ppm to 3500ppm, 350ppm to 3000ppm, 350ppm to 2500ppm, 350ppm to 2000ppm, 350ppm to 1500ppm, 350ppm to 1250ppm, 350ppm to 1000ppm, 350ppm to 800ppm, 350ppm to 600ppm, 400ppm to 7500ppm, 400ppm to 6000ppm, 400ppm to 5000ppm, 400ppm to 4500ppm, 400ppm to 4000ppm400 ppm to 3500 ppm, 400 ppm to 3000 ppm, 400 ppm to 2500 ppm, 400 ppm to 2000 ppm, 400 ppm to 1500 ppm, 400 ppm to 1250 ppm, 400 ppm to 1000 ppm, 400 ppm to 800 ppm, 400 ppm to 600 ppm, 450 ppm to 7500 ppm, 450 ppm to 6000 ppm, 450 ppm to 5000 ppm, 450 ppm to 4500 ppm, 450 ppm to 4000 ppm, 450 ppm to 3500 ppm, 450 ppm to 3000 ppm, 450 ppm to 2500 ppm, 450 ppm to 2000 ppm, 450 ppm to 1500 ppm, 450 ppm to 1250 ppm, 450 ppm to 1000 ppm, 450 ppm to 800 ppm, 450 ppm to 600 ppm, 500 ppm to 7500 ppm, 500 ppm to 6000 ppm, 500 ppm to 5000 ppm, 500 ppm to 4500 ppm, 500 ppm to 4000 ppm, 500 ppm to 3500 ppm, 500 ppm to 3000 ppm, 500 ppm to 2500 ppm, 500 ppm to 2000 ppm, 500 ppm to 1500 ppm, 500 ppm to 1250 ppm, 500 ppm to 1000 ppm, 500 ppm to 800 ppm, or 500 ppm to 600 ppm, particularly 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, 250 ppm to 800 ppm, 300 ppm to 1250 ppm, or 300 ppm to 1000 ppm, based on the total mass of the recovered lubricating oil composition.

[0123] Functional properties of lubricant fluid compositions

[0124] Advantageously, lubricating oil compositions according to the present disclosure, and / or lubricating oil compositions prepared by combining a fresh or used lubricating oil base stock (alone or with one or more other components such as viscosity modifiers, etc.) with an enhancer additive package composition according to the present disclosure, desirably exhibit certain functional properties that are generally relevant to and / or inexorably linked to the particular application in which the lubricating oil composition is desired to be used. For purposes of the present disclosure, such lubricating oil composition functional properties can include, but are not necessarily limited to, anti-shudder durability (ASD) life, paper-to-metal static coefficient of friction (μ s ), relatively low speed paper-to-metal dynamic coefficient of friction (μ5; optionally as μ ssubstitution / approximation), miscibility / suspension stability, and / or optional other functional properties, and combinations thereof.

[0125] As described in further detail below, ASD life can be measured by constant pressure test methods (e.g., JASO M349), but it is believed that test methods utilizing constant torque measurements (e.g., modified JASO M349, as detailed in the Examples section herein) can provide alternative / more accurate / more sensitive evaluation parameters. Thus, whether the enhanced additive package composition according to the present disclosure is combined with one or more lubricating oil base stocks, or with a fresh (fully formulated) or used (actually used or through simulated use) lubricating oil composition containing a majority of lubricating oil base stocks (including base stock mixtures), e.g., in a mass ratio of enhanced additive package to lubricating oil base stock / (fresh / used) composition of 1 :49 to 1 :7, 1 :32 to 1 :8, or 1 :24 to 1 :9, the resulting rejuvenated lubricating oil composition (also according to the present disclosure) can advantageously exhibit one or more of the following:

[0126] (1) ASD life under constant torque conditions (e.g., using modified JASO M349) of at least 80 hours (e.g., at least 85 hours, at least 90 hours, at least 95 hours, at least 100 hours, at least 110 hours, at least 120 hours, 80 hours to 320 hours, 80 hours to 300 hours, 80 hours to 280 hours, 80 hours to 260 hours, 80 hours to 240 hours, 80 hours to 220 hours, 80 hours to 200 hours, 80 hours to 180 hours, 80 hours to 160 hours, 80 hours to 140 hours, 80 hours to 120 hours, 85 hours to 320 hours, 85 hours to 300 hours, 85 hours to 280 hours, 85 hours to 260 hours, 85 hours to 240 hours, 85 hours to 220 hours, 85 hours to 200 hours, 85 hours to 180 hours, 85 hours to 160 hours, 85 hours to 140 hours, 85 hours to 120 hours, 90 hours to 320 hours, 90 hours to 300 hours, 90 hours to 280 hours, 90 hours to 260 hours, 90 hours to 240 hours, 90 hours to 220 hours, 90 hours to 200 hours, 90 hours to 180 hours, 90 hours to 160 hours, 90 hours to 140 hours, 90 hours to 120 hours, 95 hours to 320 hours, 95 hours to 300 hours, 95 hours to 280 hours, 95 hours to 260 hours, 95 hours to 240 hours, 95 hours to 220 hours, 95 hours to 200 hours, 95 hours to 180 hours, 95 hours to 160 hours, 95 hours to 140 hours, 95 hours to 120 hours, 100 hours to 320 hours, 100 hours to 300 hours, 100 hours to 280 hours, 100 hours to 260 hours, 100 hours to 240 hours, 100 hours to 220 hours, 100 hours to 200 hours, 100 hours to 180 hours, 100 hours to 160 hours, 100 hours to 140 hours, 100 hours to 120 hours, 110 hours to 320 hours, 110 hours to 300 hours, 100 hours to 280 hours, 110 hours to 260 hours, 110 hours to 240 hours, 100 hours to 220 hours, 110 hours to 200 hours, 110 hours to 180 hours, 100 hours to 160 hours, 110 hours to 140 hours, 120 hours to 320 hours, 120 hours to 300 hours, 120 hours to 280 hours, 120 hours to 260 hours, 120 hours to 240 hours, 120 hours to 220 hours, 120 hours to 200 hours, 120 hours to 180 hours, or 120 hours to 160 hours);

[0127] (2) an increase in ASD life under constant torque conditions (e.g., using modified JASO M349) of at least 35 hours (e.g., at least 40 hours, at least 45 hours, at least 50 hours, 35 hours to 240 hours, 35 hours to 220 hours, 35 hours to 200 hours, 35 hours to 180 hours, 35 hours to 160 hours, 35 hours to 140 hours, 35 hours to 120 hours, 35 hours to 100 hours, 35 hours to 80 hours, 35 hours to 60 hours, 40 hours to 240 hours, 40 hours to 220 hours, 40 hours to 200 hours, 40 hours to 180 hours, 40 hours to 160 hours, 40 hours to 140 hours, 40 hours to 120 hours, 40 hours to 100 hours, 40 hours to 80 hours, 40 hours to 60 hours, 45 hours to 240 hours, 45 hours to 220 hours, 45 hours to 200 hours, 45 hours to 180 hours, 45 hours to 160 hours, 45 hours to 140 hours, 45 hours to 120 hours, 45 hours to 100 hours, 45 hours to 80 hours, 45 hours to 60 hours, 50 hours to 240 hours, 50 hours to 220 hours, 50 hours to 200 hours, 50 hours to 180 hours, 50 hours to 160 hours, 50 hours to 140 hours, 50 hours to 120 hours, 50 hours to 100 hours, 50 hours to 80 hours, or 50 hours to 60 hours) compared to the ASD life of the restored lubricating oil composition without the booster packet; and

[0128] (3) an ASD life under constant torque conditions (e.g., using modified JASO M349) that is increased by at least 40% (e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 75%, at least 90%, 40% to 300%, 40% to 250%, 40% to 200%, 40% to 175%, 40% to 150%, 40% to 125%, 40% to 100%, 40% to 80%, 40% to 60%, 50% to 300%, 50% to 250%, 50% to 200%, 50% to 175%, 50% to 150%, 50% to 125%, 50% to 100%, 50% to 80%, 50% to 60%, 60% to 300%, 60% to 250%, 60% to 200%, 60% to 175%, 60% to 150%, 60% to 125%, 60% to 100%, 60% to 80%, 75% to 300%, 75% to 250%, 75% to 200%, 75% to 175%, 75% to 150%, 75% to 125%, 75% to 100%, 90% to 300%, 90% to 250%, 90% to 200%, 40% to 175%, 90% to 150%, 90% to 125%, or 90% to 100%) compared to the ASD life of the restored lubricating oil composition without the booster package under constant torque conditions.

[0129] Additionally or alternatively, whether the booster additive package composition according to the present disclosure is combined with one or more lubricating oil base stocks, or with a fresh (fully formulated) or used (actually used or by simulated use) lubricating oil composition containing a majority of lubricating oil base stocks (including base stock mixtures), the resulting restored lubricating oil composition (also according to the present disclosure) can advantageously exhibit one or more of the following:

[0130] (1) a friction coefficient μ of at least 0.100 (e.g., at least 0.105, at least 0.110, at least 0.115, or at least 0.119, and optionally not greater than 0.140, not greater than 0.135, or not greater than 0.130) under LFW-1 standard test conditions (see, e.g., ASO M358 (2005) Standard Test Method) at a sliding speed of about 0.125 m / s, a temperature of about 110 °C, and under an applied load of about 1.1 kN (~ 250 pounds);

[0131] (2) a coefficient of friction, μ(5), that is no more than 40% below (e.g., no more than 35% below, no more than 30% below, no more than 25% below, no more than 20% below, no more than 15% below, no more than 10% below, no more than 5% below, no more than 2% below, at or above the foregoing values, and optionally no more than 2% above, no more than 5% above, or no more than 10% above) the corresponding coefficient of friction, μ(5), of the resulting recovered lubricating oil composition in the absence of the booster package (e.g., as a fresh fully-formulated lubricating oil composition or as a used / deteriorated formulated lubricating oil composition), wherein μ(5) is measured according to the modified JASO M349 standard anti-shock durability test conditions (constant torque) disclosed herein; and

[0132] (3) wherein the recovered lubricating oil composition comprises a booster package and a used version of a fully-formulated (fresh) lubricating oil composition, a coefficient of friction, μ(5), that is no more than 30% below (e.g., no more than 25% below, no more than 20% below, no more than 15% below, no more than 10% below, no more than 5% below, no more than 2% below, at or above the foregoing values, and optionally no more than 10% above, or no more than 5% above) the corresponding coefficient of friction, μ(5), of the corresponding fresh (fully-formulated) lubricating oil composition prior to use, wherein μ(5) is measured according to the modified JASO M349 standard anti-shock durability test conditions (constant torque) disclosed herein.

[0133] Additional embodiments

[0134] Additionally or alternatively, the present disclosure can include one or more of the following embodiments.

[0135] Embodiment 1. A driveline fluid booster additive package composition, comprising: (a) a mixture comprising: (i) two or more compounds of structure (I):

[0136]

[0137] wherein groups R1, R2, and R3are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a thioether linkage, provided that in component (i), at least some of groups R1, R2, and R3are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a thioether linkage; and (ii) one or more compounds of structure (II):

[0138]

[0139] wherein groups R4and R7are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R5and R6are independently alkyl bonds having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) an ashless dispersant comprising a polyisobutylene succinimide; (c) a high base calcium phenate detergent; (d) at least two friction modifiers, wherein a first comprises a polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a lubricating oil base stock in a suspension stabilizing amount, wherein the transmission fluid enhancer additive package composition exhibits: a boron content of 0.04 mass % to 0.75 mass %, based on the total mass of the additive package composition; a calcium content of 0.3 mass % to 1.5 mass %, based on the total mass of the additive package composition; and a phosphorus content of 0.3 mass % to 1.5 mass %, based on the total mass of the additive package composition.

[0140] Embodiment 2. The enhancer additive package composition of Embodiment 1, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the composition in a mass ratio of 2: 1 to 1 :2.

[0141] Embodiment 3. The enhancer additive package composition of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, wherein the ashless dispersant comprises a polyisobutylene succinimide.

[0142] Embodiment 4. The enhancer additive package composition of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative has the structure:

[0143]

[0144] wherein x+y is 8 to 15, and z is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5.

[0145] Embodiment 5. The enhancer additive package composition of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the second friction modifier comprises an amide friction modifier, an amine friction modifier, or a mixture or combination thereof.

[0146] Embodiment 6. The enhancer additive package composition of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises a benzotriazole.

[0147] Embodiment 7. The enhancer additive package composition of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the transmission fluid enhancer additive package composition is substantially free of additional antioxidants other than any compounds from components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) that can function as antioxidants.

[0148] Embodiment 8. The enhancer additive package composition of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the lubricating oil base stock comprises a Group II base stock, a Group III base stock, and / or a Group V base stock, and is present in a suspension stabilizing amount of 5.0 mass % to 40 mass %, based on the weight of the enhancer additive package composition.

[0149] Embodiment 9. The enhancer additive package composition of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein one or more of the following are met: (1) a fully formulated lubricating oil composition comprising the enhancer additive package composition and a lubricating oil base stock that is the same as or different from the lubricating oil base stock in the enhancer additive package composition (e.g., in a mass ratio of enhancer additive package composition to lubricating oil base stock of 1 :49 to 1 :7) is formulated to exhibit an Anti-Shock Durability (ASD) lifetime of at least 85 hours at constant torque; (2) the enhancer additive package composition contributes at least an additional 40 hours of ASD lifetime at constant torque when added to a fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition (e.g., in a mass ratio of enhancer additive package composition to fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition of 1 :32 to 1 :8), the fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition comprising, or having comprised prior to use, at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a detergent, a friction modifier, at least one additional antioxidant, and a lubricating oil base stock, compared to the ASD lifetime of the fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition alone; and (3) the enhancer additive package composition contributes at least a 60% increase in ASD lifetime at constant torque when added to a fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition (e.g., in a mass ratio of enhancer additive package composition to fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition of 1 :32 to 1 :8), the fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition comprising, or having comprised prior to use, at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a detergent, a friction modifier, at least one additional antioxidant, and a lubricating oil base stock, compared to the ASD lifetime of the fresh or used fully formulated lubricating oil composition alone.

[0150] Embodiment 10. A rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition comprising a blend of: a major amount of a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has been previously used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or a comparable lubrication run time, the fully-formulated lubricating oil composition having contained, prior to use, at least an antiwear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two additional antioxidants, and a lubricating oil base stock; and a minor amount of a driveline fluid booster additive package composition that maintains suspension stability when added to the previously used formulated lubricating oil composition, the booster additive package composition can be according to any preceding embodiment, or comprises: (a) a mixture comprising: (i) two or more compounds of structure (I):

[0151]

[0152] wherein groups R1, R2, and R3are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a thioether linkage, with the proviso that, in component (i), at least some of groups R1, R2, and R3are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a thioether linkage; and (ii) one or more compounds of structure (II):

[0153]

[0154] wherein groups R4and R7are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R5and R6are independently alkyl bonds having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) an ashless dispersant; (c) an overbased calcium phenate detergent; (d) at least two friction modifiers, wherein the first comprises a polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative; (e) a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a suspension stabilizing amount of a lubricating oil base stock, wherein the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition exhibits: a boron content of 30 to 400 parts per million mass, based on the total mass of the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition; a calcium content of 250 to 800 parts per million mass, based on the total mass of the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition; and a phosphorus content of 250 to 800 parts per million mass, based on the total mass of the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition.

[0155] Embodiment 11. The rejuvenated composition according to embodiment 10, wherein at least 20 mass % of the driveline fluid booster additive package composition consists of the ashless dispersant.

[0156] Embodiment 12. The restored composition of either Embodiment 10 or Embodiment 11, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are each present in the composition in an amount of 0.05 to 1.2 mass %, based on the total mass of the composition.

[0157] Embodiment 13. The restored composition of any of Embodiments 10-12, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the composition in a mass ratio of 2: 1 to 1 :2.

[0158] Embodiment 14. The restored composition of any of Embodiments 10-13, wherein the ashless dispersant comprises a polyisobutenyl succinimide, and the corrosion inhibitor comprises a benzotriazole.

[0159] Embodiment 15. The restored composition of any of Embodiments 10-14, wherein the polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative has the structure:

[0160]

[0161] wherein x+y is 8 to 15, and z is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5.

[0162] Embodiment 16. The restored composition of any of Embodiments 10-15, wherein the second friction modifier comprises an amide friction modifier, an amine friction modifier, or a mixture or combination thereof.

[0163] Embodiment 17. The restored composition of any of Embodiments 10-16, wherein the transmission fluid booster additive package composition is substantially free of additional antioxidants other than any compounds from components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) that can function as antioxidants.

[0164] Embodiment 18. The restored composition of any of Embodiments 10-17, wherein the booster additive package composition is in a mass ratio of 1 :49 to 1 :5 to the used fully formulated lubricating oil composition.

[0165] Embodiment 19. The restored composition of any of Embodiments 10-18, wherein the lubricating oil base stock from the booster additive package composition comprises a Group II base stock, a Group III base stock, and / or a Group V base stock, and wherein the lubricating oil base stock from the fully formulated lubricating oil composition comprises a Group II base stock and / or a Group III base stock prior to use.

[0166] Implementations 20. The rejuvenated composition of any of Implementations 10-19, wherein one or more of the following are met: (1) the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition exhibits an Anti-Shock Durability (ASD) life at constant torque of at least 80 hours; (2) the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition (e.g., where the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition is from 1:32 to 1:8) exhibits an additional 40 hours of Anti-Shock Durability (ASD) life at constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition alone; and the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition (e.g., where the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition is from 1:32 to 1:8) contributes at least a 60% increase in ASD life at constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition alone.

[0167] Implementations 21. The rejuvenated composition of any of Implementations 10-20, which exhibits: (A) a coefficient of friction, μ, of at least 0.100 and not more than 0.140 at a sliding speed of about 0.125 m / s, a temperature of about 110 °C, and an applied load of about 1.1 kN (~ 250 pounds) under LFW-1 standard test conditions; (B) a coefficient of friction, μ(5), that is no more than 40% below and no more than 10% above the corresponding coefficient of friction, μ(5), of the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition in the absence of the driveline booster additive package composition, where μ(5) is measured according to the Constant Torque Modified JASO M349 Standard Anti-Shock Durability test conditions; or (C) both (A) and (B).

[0168] Implementations 22. A method of rejuvenating a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has previously been used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or a lubrication run time equivalent thereto, the method comprising: admixing the suspension-stabilized driveline booster additive package composition of any of Implementations 1-9 with a used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has included, prior to use, at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two additional antioxidants, and a lubricating oil base stock, to form a rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition; and lubricating a vehicle transmission to enable operation for at least an additional 30,000 kilometers or a lubrication run time equivalent thereto.

[0169] Embodiment 23. A method of rejuvenating a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has previously been used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or a lubrication run time equivalent thereto, the method comprising: admixing a suspension-stabilized transmission fluid booster additive package composition with the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition to form a rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition according to any of embodiments 10-21, the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition having previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two additional antioxidants, and a lubricating oil base stock; and lubricating a vehicle transmission to enable operation for at least an additional 30,000 kilometers or a lubrication run time equivalent thereto.

[0170] Embodiment 24. Use of a suspension-stabilized transmission fluid booster additive package composition according to any of embodiments 1-9 in combination with a fresh or used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition to rejuvenate lubricant properties that have been at least partially lost during previous operation of a vehicle transmission, in particular to rejuvenate one or more of the following: anti-shudder durability, friction modification, dynamic-static friction balance, anti-wear, soot dispersancy, detergency, suspension stability, and corrosion inhibition.

[0171] Embodiment 25. Use of a rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition according to any of embodiments 10-21 to rejuvenate lubricant properties that have been at least partially lost during previous operation of a vehicle transmission, in particular to rejuvenate one or more of the following: anti-shudder durability, friction modification, dynamic-static friction balance, anti-wear, soot dispersancy, detergency, suspension stability, and corrosion inhibition.

[0172] Examples

[0173] The present application can be further understood by reference to the following (non-limiting) examples. In the following examples, certain technical terms are used to describe properties of certain components or compositions themselves, as defined below. In the examples, all parts are parts by weight unless otherwise specified.

[0174] "Anti-shudder durability" life (or ASD life) measures the ability of a lubricating composition (e.g., when lubricating a transmission such as a CVT or other portion of a vehicle driveline) to resist an unstable stick / slip friction phenomenon known as "shudder." For example, in a transmission having a clutch and / or variator, to prevent "shudder," a lubricant can typically provide a positive friction gradient, i.e., an increase in the coefficient of friction with increasing sliding velocity, which is often also referred to alternatively as a positive dμ / dv. A negative friction gradient (or negative dμ / dv value) can result in vehicle vibration, which has been referred to as "shudder." A standard method for evaluating anti-shudder (stick / slip friction) performance is JASO M349, which utilizes a Low Speed Friction Apparatus (LVFA) to "age" a lubricant under constant velocity and constant pressure friction of a steel plate against a friction plate under the conditions in Table 1.

[0175] Table 1

[0176] JASO M349 parameters Conditions Lubricant temperature (°C) 120±5 Pressure (MPa) 1.00±0.05 Slip speed (m / s) 0.90±0.01 Slip / stand time (minutes) 30 / 1 μ-v measurement period (hours) Every 24

[0177] As shown in the above table, the friction velocity (μ-v) relationship was probed every 24 hours to determine the point of failure. The μ-v measurements each day were also conducted under constant pressure, but with a continuously varying sliding velocity and at multiple temperatures, as shown in Table 2 below.

[0178] Table 2

[0179] Mu-V test parameters Conditions Lubricant temperature (°C) 40, 80 and 120, each ±5 Pressure (MPa) 1.00±0.05 Slip speed (m / s) From 0 up to 1.5, then back down to 0 Slip ramp time (seconds) Up 3, down 3

[0180] In this test protocol, the ASD life measurement (typically in hours) is the time at which dμ / dv reaches its failure threshold (i.e., becomes negative) at 0.3 m / s or 0.9 m / s sliding velocity (or more accurately, at the point on the least squares curve fit that lies between the successful and failed measurements).

[0181] However, in accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-shudder performance test of JASO M349 has been adapted to apply a constant torque to the friction plate, instead of a constant pressure. While the JASO M349 (standard) ASD performance test is conducted under constant pressure, the improved JASO M349 ASD performance test can be conducted under variable pressure, such that the applied torque can remain approximately constant. The improved JASO M349 ASD performance test is intended to keep the applied torque constant from the start of the test throughout the test by allowing the applied pressure to vary. In this case, the defined constant applied torque value is equal to the "initial" torque measured during the JASO M349 ASD performance test (1.00 + / - 0.05 MPa constant pressure). In this case, the Automax TMJASO M349 (constant pressure / standard) test (using RTF-1 reference fluid and A795.D0AK friction material, where prompt Automax TM The "initial" torque value can be measured as the zero minute data point itself or as a numerical average of the first 20 minute data points (i.e., an average of the 0, 10, and 20 minute data points), where the latter (average) torque value measurement is preferred. Other modified parameters / conditions for constant torque "aging" adaptation are shown in Table 3 below.

[0182] Table 3

[0183] Improved JASO M349 parameters Conditions Lubricant temperature (°C) 120±5 Slip speed (m / s) 0.97±0.01 Slip / stand time (minutes) 30 / 1 μ-v measurement period (hours) Every 20

[0184] As shown in the table above, the friction-velocity (μ-v) relationship is probed every 20 hours to determine the point of failure. The μ-v measurement conditions every 20 hours are conducted at three different constant pressures (instead of a single constant torque) and involve a continuous varying sweep sliding speed at multiple temperatures, as shown in Table 4 below.

[0185] Table 4

[0186] Mu-V test parameters Conditions Lubricant temperature (°C) 40, 80 and 120, each ±5 Pressure (MPa) 1.00±0.05 Sweep slip speed (m / s) From 0 up to 1.4*, then back down to 0 Sweep slip ramp time (seconds) Up 10, down 10

[0187] * ~ 210 rpm

[0188] In this latter Mu-V test protocol, μ(5) or μ5 is the μ value at 5 rpm, μ(50) or μ 50 is the μ value at 50 rpm and μ(150) or μ 150 is the μ value at 150 rpm; thus, the ratio of μ(5) / μ(50) can be a good indicator of friction behavior vis-à-vis relatively low speeds of oscillation, and the ratio of μ(50) / μ(150) can be a good indicator of friction behavior vis-à-vis relatively high speeds of oscillation. The Anti-Shudder Durability (ASD) lifetime measurement (again typically in hours) in this modified protocol is when the ratio of μ(5) / μ(50) or the ratio of μ(50) / μ(150) reaches a failure threshold (e.g., about 1.05) at any combination of temperature and applied pressure (or more accurately, at the point in the least squares curve fit that lies between the successful and failed measurements). The ASD lifetime values provided in the following examples are determined based on the μ(5), μ(50), and μ(150) values measured during the sweep sliding ramp procedure according to the modified / adapted conditions (see Table 4).

[0189] Fresh lubricant sample A, Examples 1-4, and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0190] In these examples, a fully-formulated fresh lubricating oil composition (fresh lubricant sample A) has been filled into a continuously variable transmission (CVT) of a vehicle at the factory and run (or simulated as having been run) for at least 25,000 kilometers (e.g., ~25,000 kilometers, ~50,000 kilometers, or ~85,000 kilometers). When first filled, the fully-formulated fresh lubricating oil composition (fresh lubricant sample A) contains an additive package (suspended-stable) of the following components, the remainder of the composition comprising primarily a Group III lubricating oil base stock, optionally with a small amount (up to 10 mass %) of a Group IV lubricating oil base stock, and optionally with a small amount (up to 10 mass %) of a viscosity modifier: an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, at least two friction modifiers (at least one of which is an anti-shudder durability (ASD) friction modifier), a corrosion inhibitor, at least two additional antioxidants (in addition to the mentioned components), and a diluent (e.g., a lubricating oil base stock of appropriate viscosity). When first filled, the fully-formulated fresh lubricating oil composition (fresh lubricant sample A) has components sufficient to result in: a phosphorus content (i.e., measured according to ASTM D5185) of 200 to 500 parts per million mass (ppm), based on the mass of the fully-formulated fresh lubricating oil composition (fresh lubricant sample A); a calcium content (i.e., measured according to ASTM D5185) of 170 to 480 parts per million mass (ppm), based on the mass of the fully-formulated fresh lubricating oil composition (fresh lubricant sample A); a boron content (i.e., measured according to ASTM D5185) of 60 to 200 parts per million mass (ppm), based on the mass of the fully-formulated fresh lubricating oil composition (fresh lubricant sample A); and a mass ratio of phosphorus to calcium of 0.85: 1.0 to 1.3: 1.0.

[0191] After use, the phosphorus, calcium, and boron contents are reduced to different levels, depending on the extent and severity of use, which can or can not be uniform relative to one another (e.g., the same elemental proportions can or can not apply to the used lubricating oil composition). After use for (or simulation of) the desired mileage, various booster additive package compositions are added to the used lubricating oil composition in the vehicle transmission. Those booster additive package compositions are shown in Table 5 below, relative to the content of similar components in the fully-formulated fresh lubricating oil composition (fresh lubricant sample A).

[0192] Table 5

[0193]

[0194] Dynax TMD0535-23H fiberboard and SAE TM 1035Rolling steel plates measured the paper-to-steel frictional properties of these samples. Dynamic and static friction measurements were made on these devices at an applied pressure of ~1 MPa, and at temperatures of ~40°C, ~80°C, and ~120°C, after about 6, about 30, and about 60 minutes. Figures 1-7 Graphs showing the dynamic frictional properties of a freshly formulated (added) lubricating oil composition Figure 1 ) and various rejuvenated lubricating oil compositions made from used lubricating oil compositions and the enhancer additive package compositions of Comparative Examples 1 Figure 2 ), 2 Figure 3 ), 3 Figure 4 ), and 4 Figure 5 ), and Examples 1 Figure 6 ) and 2 Figure 7 ) are shown. The dynamic Mu-V curves and static friction coefficient graphs for the rejuvenated lubricating oil compositions made from the used lubricating oil compositions and the enhancer additive package compositions of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are not provided herein, but it is believed that their properties are similar to and consistent with those of Example 2 Figures 1-7 , Figures 8-14 Graphs showing the static frictional properties of a freshly formulated (added) lubricating oil composition Figure 8 ) and rejuvenated lubricating oil compositions made from used lubricating oil compositions and the enhancer additive package compositions of Comparative Examples 1 Figure 9 ), 2 Figure 10 ), 3 Figure 11 ), and 4 Figure 12 ), and Examples 1 Figure 13 ) and 2 Figure 14 ) are shown. The dynamic Mu-V curves and static friction coefficient graphs for the rejuvenated lubricating oil compositions made from the used lubricating oil compositions and the enhancer additive package compositions of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are not provided herein, but it is believed that their properties are similar to and consistent with those of Example 2 Figure 7 and 14 ) The Mu-V screening process highlights that the enhancer additive package compositions of Comparative Examples 1-4 do not exhibit sufficiently "rejuvenated" dynamic frictional properties when combined with a used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition, as compared to a freshly version of a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition, while the enhancer additive package compositions of Examples 1-2 do exhibit sufficiently "rejuvenated" dynamic frictional properties.

[0195] In addition, Figure 15The rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition comprising the enhancer additive package composition of Example 1 (substantially free of additional phosphorus-containing antiwear components, and substantially free of additional detergent components) was shown to exhibit metal-to-metal friction characteristics that would be too low for a CVT transmission, where metal-to-metal (e.g., steel-to-steel) friction characteristics should be sufficiently high (e.g., a coefficient of friction, μ, of at least 0.110 and optionally no greater than 0.140 at a sliding speed of about 0.125 m / s, a temperature of about 110 °C, and an applied load of about 1.1 kN (~ 250 pounds) under LFW-1 standard test conditions). LFW-1 standard test conditions are well known to the ordinary artisan, and similar test conditions are disclosed in JASO M358 (2005) standard test method. Under such conditions / testing, the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition comprising the enhancer additive package composition of Example 1 exhibited a μ of less than 0.100, while the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition comprising the enhancer additive package composition of Example 2, as well as the used lubricating oil composition itself (without any enhancer package) and the fresh (fully-formulated) lubricating oil composition exhibited μ values of about ~0.122, ~0.120, and ~0.122, respectively. Thus, while the enhancer additive package composition of Example 1 can be useful for extending ASD life in transmission / drive system settings without significant metal-to-metal friction (e.g., non-CVT driveline systems, such as wet clutches, dual clutches, manual, automatic, etc.), its low metal-to-metal friction coefficient can make it relatively undesirable in CVT applications.

[0196] Fresh lubricant samples A-B, used lubricant samples C-F, and Examples 3-12

[0197] In these examples, the booster package compositions of Examples 3-12 were combined with fully-formulated fresh lubricating oil compositions (fresh lubricant samples A or B) or lubricating oil compositions that had been used by running in a continuously variable transmission (CVT) of a vehicle for at least 25,000 kilometers (used lubricant samples C, D, E, or F) (used lubricant samples C, D, E, and F were collected from: a mid-size vehicle having a 4-cylinder transmission that had been run for ~51,000 kilometers; a mid-size vehicle having a 4-cylinder transmission that had been run for ~25,000 kilometers; a dyno cell test on a 4-cylinder transmission that had been simulated for ~50,000 kilometers; and a small SUV vehicle having a V6 transmission that had been run for ~85,000 kilometers, respectively). Prior to use (i.e., when factory-filled into their respective vehicles), the "diluent" (fresh or used) lubricating oil compositions contained the following components of the additive package (suspended-stable): an antiwear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, at least two friction modifiers (at least one of which is an antishudder durability (ASD) friction modifier), a corrosion inhibitor, at least two additional antioxidants (in addition to the mentioned components), and a diluent (e.g., a lubricating oil base stock of appropriate viscosity). The components of each used lubricating oil composition (used lubricant samples C, D, E, or F) were distinctly different in their respective levels of phosphorus, calcium, and boron (i.e., each measured according to ASTM D5185) depending on the extent and severity of use (e.g., degradation levels) and / or other reasons that would result in a reduction of such elemental content levels in the used lubricating oil composition. Table 6 below describes the P, Ca, and B content of the various used lubricant samples, as well as their baseline levels of antishudder durability (ASD) life, using the Dynax® 4-2-2 test method under constant torque conditions without the addition of the booster package, according to the modified JASO M349 test method. TM D0535-23H fiberboard (as described herein above) was measured as-is by itself in its used state. For reference, a typical ASD life range of a fresh, fully-formulated CVT lubricating oil composition (e.g., fresh lubricant samples A or B) can range from about 65 to about 80 hours - in fact, although not listed in Table 6, fresh lubricant sample A and fresh lubricant sample B had ASD lives (according to the constant torque method) of 65 hours and 75 hours, respectively.

[0198] Table 6

[0199] Element by mass ppm Used sample C Used sample D Used sample E Used sample F Phosphorus 233 294 275 219 Calcium 239 283 262 202 Boron 36 116 93 84 ASD life (constant torque method) [hours] 37 52 6 2

[0200] After the necessary mileage was used, the booster additive package compositions of Examples 3-12 were added to fresh or used lubricating oil compositions (fresh lubricant samples A or B, or used lubricant samples C, D, E, or F). The booster additive package compositions of Example 3-14 are shown in Tables 7-8 below, relative to the content of similar components in the respective fresh and / or used lubricating oil compositions.

[0201] Table 7

[0202]

[0203] Table 8

[0204]

[0205] The experimental combination matrix for determining ASD life and ASD life increase (hour and percentage increase above the "diluent" ASD life) of combinations of the booster packages according to the present disclosure and the fresh or used lubricating oil compositions described herein is shown in Table 9 below. In addition, while not shown graphically, each combination of the booster packages and lubricant samples (diluents) from Table 8 above were tested during the ASD life measurements, and were found to have μ(5) no more than 40% below (and optionally no more than 10% above) the μ(5) of the used lubricant samples and no more than 30% below (and optionally no more than 10% above) the μ(5) of the fresh lubricant samples.

[0206] Table 9

[0207] Enhancer package (X) "Diluent" (Y) Treatment ratio (X:Y) ASD life [hours] ASD life increase [hours] (% abv diluent) Example 3 Fresh lubricant A ～1:24 123 48(63％) Example 4 Fresh lubricant B ～1:24 129 64(98％) Example 5 Fresh lubricant A ～1:11.5 162 87(116％) Example 7 Fresh lubricant A ～1:19 124 49(66％) Example 8 Fresh lubricant A ～1:19 155 80(107％) Example 9 Fresh lubricant A ～1:19 158 83(110％) Example 12 Fresh lubricant A ～1:15.7 196 121(161％) Example 13 Fresh lubricant A ～1:24 140 65(87％) Example 14 Fresh lubricant A ～1:24 115 40(53％) Example 3 Used lubricant C ～1:24 85 48(130％) Example 4 Used lubricant C ～1:24 79 42(114％) Example 5 Used lubricant C ～1:11.5 135 98(265％) Example 4 Used lubricant D ～1:24 93 41(78％) Example 4 Used lubricant E ～1:24 47 41(685％) Example 6 Used lubricant E ～1:11.5 102 96(1600％) Example 4 Used lubricant F ～1:24 38 36(1810％) Example 6 Used lubricant F ～1:11.5 85 83(4160％)

[0208] To ensure that the restored lubricating oil composition meets the various frictional performance requirements in the transmission / drive system, the dynamic frictional properties of the restored lubricating oil composition can advantageously be controlled to be superior to or can be compared (e.g., within a reasonable range of variation) to those of the "used" lubricating oil composition prior to the introduction of the booster additive package, and can even desirably return to or approach those of a fresh sample of the fully-formulated lubricating oil composition prior to use. These dynamic frictional properties can be indicative of transmission system performance during steady state operating conditions, and generally, a negative slope in the dynamic Mu-V curve is desirable. However, in addition, the static friction and / or the relatively low speed dynamic (near static) friction levels can also be controlled to be superior to or can be compared to those of the "used" lubricating oil composition prior to the introduction of the booster additive package, and can even desirably return to or approach those of a fresh sample of the fully-formulated lubricating oil composition prior to use. These static and / or near static frictional properties can be indicative of the torque capacity (maximum torque, torque capacity) of the clutch system (typically non-metallic, e.g., paper). If the static / near static friction is too high, significant wear can occur; if too low, the "stick" portion of the stick-slip friction that results as the clutch engages with other transmission / drive system components can not be sufficient to transmit torque, also resulting in poor operation. There is a close correlation between low speed dynamic friction and static friction, as high static friction generally coincides with high low speed dynamic friction, and affects the slope of the Mu-V curve (e.g., desirably keeping it negative). Thus, a particularly advantageous goal of lubricating oil composition restoration is to control both the low speed dynamic friction and the static friction to be within the operating window, while controlling the dynamic frictional behavior to produce a negative (or near zero) slope.

[0209] The disclosures of all patents, articles and other materials described herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. As presented herein and in the appended claims, descriptions of compositions comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of, a variety of specified components should be interpreted as also encompassing compositions made by admixing the variety of specified components. The principles, preferred embodiments, and modes of operation of the present application have been described in the foregoing specification. However, the applicants which their application, and it is not to be construed as limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, since these embodiments are presented as illustrative only. Changes in, or substitutions of, the embodiments described can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application.

Claims

1. A suspension-stabilized driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition comprising: (a) an antiwear compound, the antiwear compound comprising a mixture of: (i) two or more compounds of structure (I): wherein groups R1, R2, and R3 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a thioether linkage, provided that, in component (i), at least one representative set of at least one of all groups R1, R2, and R3 across all compounds of structure (I) in the mixture comprising functionally-derivatized structure (I) is collectively an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a thioether linkage; and (ii) one or more compounds of structure (II): wherein groups R4 and R7 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and R5 and R6 are independently alkyl linkages having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) an ashless dispersant comprising at least 20 mass % of the driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition; (c) an overbased calcium phenate detergent; (d) at least two friction modifiers, wherein a first comprises a polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative and, a second friction modifier comprises an amide friction modifier, an amine friction modifier, or a mixture thereof; (e) a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a suspension-stabilizing amount of a lubricating oil base stock, wherein the driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition exhibits: a boron content of 0.04 mass % to 0.75 mass %, based on the total mass of the additive package composition; a calcium content of 0.3 mass % to 1.5 mass %, based on the total mass of the additive package composition; and a phosphorus content of 0.3 mass % to 1.5 mass %, based on the total mass of the additive package composition.

2. The suspension-stabilized driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition of claim 1, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the composition in a mass ratio of 2: 1 to 1 :

2.

3. The suspension-stabilized driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition of claim 1, wherein the ashless dispersant comprises a polyisobutenyl succinimide.

4. The suspension-stabilized driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene polyamine succinimide derivative has the structure: wherein x + y is 8 to 15 and z is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5.

5. The suspension-stabilized driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition of claim 1, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises a benzotriazole. The driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition does not include an additional antioxidant other than any compounds from components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) that can function as an antioxidant. ​ ​ 6. The suspension-stabilized, driveline fluid enhancer additive package composition of claim 1, wherein, ​ 7. The suspension-stabilized transmission fluid booster additive package composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil base stock comprises Group II, Group III, and / or Group V base stock and is present in a suspension stabilizing amount of 5.0 mass % to 40 mass %, based on the weight of the booster additive package composition.

8. The suspension-stabilized transmission fluid booster additive package composition of claim 1, wherein a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition formulated to exhibit an Anti-Shock Durability (ASD) life of at least 85 hours at constant torque comprises the booster additive package composition and a lubricating oil base stock identical to or different from the lubricating oil base stock in the booster additive package composition in a mass ratio of booster additive package composition to lubricating oil base stock of 1 :49 to 1 :

7.

9. The suspension-stabilized transmission fluid booster additive package composition of claim 1, which contributes at least an additional 40 hours of ASD life at constant torque when added to a fresh or used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition comprising, or having previously comprised, at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a detergent, a friction modifier, at least one antioxidant, and a lubricating oil base stock, compared to the ASD life of the fresh or used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition alone, wherein the mass ratio of booster additive package composition to fresh or used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition is 1 :32 to 1 :

8.

10. The suspension-stabilized transmission fluid booster additive package composition of claim 1, which contributes at least a 60% increase in ASD life at constant torque when added to a fresh or used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition comprising, or having previously comprised, at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a detergent, a friction modifier, at least one antioxidant, and a lubricating oil base stock, compared to the ASD life of the fresh or used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition alone, wherein the mass ratio of booster additive package composition to fresh or used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition is 1 :32 to 1 :

8.

11. A rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition comprising an admixture of: a major amount of a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has previously been used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or a lubrication run time equivalent, the fully-formulated lubricating oil composition having previously comprised, prior to use, at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, a high- base calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two antioxidants, and a lubricating oil base stock; and ​ A minor amount of a suspension-stable transmission fluid booster additive package composition that maintains suspension stability when added to a previously used formulated lubricating oil composition, the booster additive package composition comprising: (a) an antiwear compounding mixture comprising a mixture of: (i) two or more compounds of structure (I): wherein groups R1, R2, and R3are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a thioether linkage, provided that, in component (i), at least one representative set of at least one of all groups R1, R2, and R3across all compounds of structure (I) in the mixture comprising functionally-derivatized structure (I) is collectively an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl chain is interrupted by a thioether linkage; and (ii) one or more compounds of structure (II): wherein groups R4and R7are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and R5and R6are independently alkyl bonds having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) an ashless dispersant; (c) an overbased calcium phenate detergent; (d) at least two friction modifiers, wherein a first comprises a polyethylenepolyamine succinimide derivative and, a second friction modifier comprises an amide friction modifier, an amine friction modifier, or a mixture thereof; (e) a corrosion inhibitor; and (f) a suspension-stabilizing amount of a lubricating oil base stock, wherein the restored used lubricating oil composition exhibits: a boron content of 30 to 400 parts per million mass, based on the total mass of the restored used lubricating oil composition; a calcium content of 250 to 800 parts per million mass, based on the total mass of the restored used lubricating oil composition; and a phosphorus content of 250 to 800 parts per million mass, based on the total mass of the restored used lubricating oil composition.

12. The restored used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein at least 20 mass % of the transmission fluid booster additive package composition consists of the ashless dispersant.

13. The restored used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are each present in the composition in an amount of 0.05 to 1.2 mass %, based on the total mass of the composition.

14. The restored used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the compounds of component (i) and component (ii) are present in the composition in a mass ratio of 2: 1 to 1 :

2.

15. The restored used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the ashless dispersant comprises a polyisobutenyl succinimide and the corrosion inhibitor comprises a benzotriazole.

16. The restored used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the polyethylenepolyamine succinimide derivative has the structure: wherein x + y is 8 to 15 and z is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5.

17. The recovered used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein, The transmission fluid booster additive package composition does not include an additional antioxidant other than any compounds from components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) that can function as an antioxidant.

18. The rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition is from 1 :49 to 1 :

7.

19. The rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the lubricating oil basestock from the booster additive package composition comprises Group II basestock, Group III basestock, and / or Group V basestock, and wherein the lubricating oil basestock from the fully-formulated lubricating oil composition prior to use comprises Group II basestock and / or Group III basestock.

20. The rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition exhibits an anti-shudder durability ASD life at constant torque of at least 80 hours.

21. The rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition, wherein the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition is from 1 :32 to 1 :8, exhibits an additional 40 hours of anti-shudder durability ASD life at constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition alone.

22. The rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, wherein the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition, wherein the mass ratio of the booster additive package composition to the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition is from 1 :32 to 1 :8, contributes at least a 60% increase in ASD life at constant torque compared to the ASD life of the used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition alone.

23. The rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition of claim 11, which exhibits: (A) a coefficient of friction μ of at least 0.100 and not greater than 0.140 at a sliding speed of about 0.125 m / s, a temperature of about 110 °C, and an applied load of about 1.1 kN under LFW-1 standard test conditions; (B) a coefficient of friction μ5 that is no more than 40% below and no greater than 10% above the corresponding coefficient of friction μ5 of the rejuvenated used lubricating oil composition without the transmission fluid booster additive package composition, wherein μ5 is the μ value at 5 rpm measured according to the constant torque modified JASO M349 standard anti-shudder durability test conditions; or (C) both (A) and (B).

24. A method of rejuvenating a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has previously been used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or a lubrication run time equivalent thereto, the method comprising: The suspension-stabilized transmission fluid booster additive package composition of claim 1 is blended with a used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two antioxidants, and a lubricating oil base stock; and lubricating a vehicle transmission to enable operation for at least an additional 30,000 kilometers or equivalent in terms of lubrication run time.

25. A method of rejuvenating a fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has previously been used to lubricate a vehicle transmission for at least 25,000 kilometers or equivalent in terms of lubrication run time, the method comprising: The suspension-stabilized transmission fluid booster additive package composition of claim 1 is blended with a used fully-formulated lubricating oil composition that has previously contained at least an anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased calcium detergent, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, at least two antioxidants, and a lubricating oil base stock; and lubricating a vehicle transmission to enable operation for at least an additional 30,000 kilometers or equivalent in terms of lubrication run time.

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