Cowpea vigor control and yield-increasing cultivation management method

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for controlling the growth of cowpea and increasing its yield through cultivation and management, including land preparation and sowing, water and fertilizer management, controlling the growth of cowpea with a drug, and pruning and pruning. The present invention enables cowpea to form a robust nutrient body by increasing the application of biological fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer, laying the foundation for high yield. Before flowering, a control agent is sprayed, and a method combining promotion and control is adopted, in which a long-term effect is combined with a short-term effect to regulate plant growth, thereby promoting early flowering and frequent flowering of the plant. During the flowering and pod-bearing stage, foliar fertilizer is sprayed multiple times to supplement the plant with various nutrients, thereby preventing the falling of flowers and pods and premature aging of the plant. The above method is combined with reasonable dense planting and pruning and pruning, so that the plant is robust during the cowpea cultivation process, can bloom 3-5 days in advance, and the yield can be increased by about 20%, the pods are straight and do not have rat tails, and its commercial value is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation and management method for controlling vigorous growth and increasing yield of cowpea. Background Art

[0002] Cowpea is an annual vine vegetable of the genus Vigna in the Leguminosae family. It prefers warmth and is heat-tolerant, and can be grown in my country during spring, summer, and autumn. Cowpeas primarily grow during high temperatures, and adverse conditions such as high temperature and humidity often lead to excessive plant growth. This is characterized by long internodes, numerous lateral branches, large, thin leaves, and lighter leaves. This vigorous vegetative growth often results in late flowering, high flowering nodes, and a low number of pods. High temperatures reduce pollen viability, leading to poor pollination and fertilization, and thus frequent flower and pod drop. Furthermore, this vigorous growth can reduce plant resistance and significantly increase the incidence of pests and diseases. Furthermore, cowpea cultivation techniques are relatively simple, resulting in extensive management and low technical standards. This results in low yields per unit area, fluctuating yields, and a lack of effective agricultural profitability. This is one of the main factors hindering the rapid development of my country's cowpea industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to address the problem of excessive growth in cowpea production and provide a method for controlling excessive growth and increasing yield of cowpea. The method primarily regulates plant growth by spraying a growth-control agent and foliar fertilizer containing multiple ingredients on the leaves, while also combining cultivation methods such as reasonable density planting and pruning to promote flowering, fruit preservation, and increase yield.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0005] Land preparation and sowing: Choose a flat, well-drained plot with irrigation conditions that has not been planted with legumes within two years. Deeply plow the soil and apply 2000-2500kg of organic fertilizer, 40-60kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15), and 1-2kg of biological fertilizer per mu. After harrowing, form ridges with a row spacing of 1.5-1.8m. Cover the ridges with plastic film and set aside. After land preparation, select full seeds for sowing in full moisture. Plant two rows per ridge with a row spacing of 40-50cm and a plant spacing of 30-35cm. Sow 2-3 seeds per hole.

[0006] Water and fertilizer management: After the cowpea seedlings have emerged, plant poles and set up trellises and guide the vines onto the trellises in time. Try to control the water before flowering. Start watering and fertilizing after the first layer of inflorescences are set. Then fertilize every 5-7 days. At the same time, spray foliar fertilizer every 7-10 days to supplement nutrients.

[0007] Controlling growth with chemicals: When the plant height reaches 80-100cm, spray the leaves with formula 1 of cowpea control agent. After 7-10 days, spray the leaves with formula 2 of cowpea control agent. After 5-7 days, if the control effect is not satisfactory, continue to spray formula 2 of cowpea control agent 1-2 times.

[0008] Pruning and branching: remove all side buds below the first inflorescence of the main vine, pinch off the side branches on the upper and middle parts of the main vine after leaving 2-3 leaves, and top the main vine when it grows to more than 2m in order to control its nutritional growth.

[0009] Preferably, in the cowpea growth control and yield-increasing cultivation management method, the cowpea growth control agent includes formula 1 and formula 2, wherein the formula 1 contains the following substances in a weight-to-volume ratio: 0.07-0.1 g / L of prohexadione calcium, 2-5 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-5 g / L of urea, 0.6-1 g / L of pyraclostrobin, and the balance is water; the formula 2 contains the following substances in a weight-to-volume ratio: 0.07-0.1 g / L of prohexadione calcium, 2-5 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g / L of ammonium molybdate, 0.005-0.01 g / L of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.6-1 g / L of pyraclostrobin, and the balance is water.

[0010] Preferably, in the cowpea growth control and yield-increasing cultivation and management method, the cowpea growth control agent is used as follows: when the plant height reaches 80-100 cm, 1.05-1.5 g / 15 L of prohexadione calcium, 30-75 g / 15 L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-75 g / 15 L of urea, and 9-15 g / 15 L of pyraclostrobin are taken according to the weight-volume ratio of formula 1, and they are dissolved in a small amount of water and poured into a 15 L spray bottle, and the spray bottle is filled with water. After fully stirring, the leaves can be sprayed. Seven to ten days after spraying Formula 1, dissolve 1.05-1.5g / 15L of calcium prohexadione, 30-75g / 15L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5-4.5g / 15L of ammonium molybdate, 0.075-0.15g / 15L of sodium nitrophenolate, and 9-15g / 15L of pyraclostrobin in a small amount of water, then pour the mixture into a 15L spray bottle. Fill the bottle with water, stir thoroughly, and then spray the leaves. If the desired growth control effect is not achieved after spraying Formula 2 for 5-7 days, continue spraying 1-2 times, shortening the interval to 3-5 days.

[0011] Preferably, in the cowpea cultivation and management method for controlling growth and increasing yield, the planting density of late-maturing varieties is 1.5-1.8 m between ridges and 35-40 cm between plants. The planting density of summer-sown cowpea is 1.8-2.0 m between ridges and 35-40 cm between plants.

[0012] Preferably, in the method for controlling the growth and increasing the yield of cowpea, the type and amount of topdressing are: 15-20 kg / 667 m2 , urea 5-10kg / 667m 2 At the same time, apply 1-2 times of calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other medium element fertilizers 8-15kg / 667m 2 and liquid organic carbon fertilizer 2.5-5kg / 667m 2 .

[0013] Preferably, in the cowpea growth control and yield-increasing cultivation and management method, the foliar fertilizer formula is: 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0005%-0.001% sodium nitrate-aminoethyl aqueous solution, 0.5%-1% brown sugar, 0.1%-0.2% boron fertilizer, and 0.07%-0.08% thiophanate-methyl.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, the cowpea sowing can also be carried out by seedling raising and transplanting in a plug tray or nutrient pot, and the seedling raising period is 15-20 days earlier than the normal sowing period.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0016] The cowpea growth regulator formula provided by the present invention incorporates pyraclostrobin, a highly systemic bactericidal and protective agent, which can transport potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat within the plant body. This enhances nitrogen conversion and metabolism, regulating plant growth while also preventing disease. Formula 2, based on Formula 1, adds ammonium molybdate and sodium nitrophenolate. While regulating plant growth, Formula 2 also achieves early maturity and high yield, improving plant resistance and the commercial value of cowpeas.

[0017] The present invention adopts a method combining root fertilization and foliar spraying. Root fertilization adopts a method of using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in combination with biological fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer. The combination of biological fertilizer and compound fertilizer can not only improve the soil, but also improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, thereby reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer. Organic carbon fertilizer is applied to the soil. Since its small molecular organic carbon elements can be directly utilized by the root system, after the organic carbon fertilizer is applied during the growth period, it can quickly provide the basic carbon elements necessary for the life of the plant, thereby promoting the growth of the cowpea root system, enhancing the plant's photosynthesis and improving the immunity. Foliar fertilizer containing ingredients such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brown sugar, sodium nitrate, ammonium chloride and boron fertilizer is sprayed during the flowering and pod-setting period. It can quickly supplement various nutrients such as potassium fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, boron fertilizer, amino acids, sugars, etc. required for plant growth, prevent premature aging, promote flowering, increase the pod setting rate, and greatly improve the plant resistance and pod commercial quality.

[0018] Since the planting density in the cultivation method of the present invention is lower than the conventional planting density, especially for late-maturing varieties and oversummer planting, and the plants are regularly pruned and trimmed, this can effectively improve field ventilation and light conditions, control the vigorous growth of the plants, promote flowering and pod setting, and relatively reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests.

[0019] Thus, the present invention enables cowpea to form a robust nutrient body by increasing the application of biological fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer, laying the foundation for high yield. Before flowering, by spraying a vigor-control agent, a combination of promotion and control is adopted, and a long-term and short-term method is used to regulate plant growth, promote early flowering and more flowering of the plant. During the flowering and pod-bearing stage, foliar fertilizer is sprayed multiple times to supplement various nutrients for the plant, prevent falling flowers and pods and premature aging of the plant. The above method is combined with reasonable dense planting and pruning to make the plant strong during the cowpea cultivation process, can bloom 3-5 days in advance, and the output can be increased by about 20%, the pods are straight and not rat-tailed, and its commercial value is greatly improved.

[0020] Specific embodiment

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples, so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description. It should be noted that in the cowpea cultivation method of the present invention, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods, including but not limited to processes such as tillage, harvesting, and pest and disease control; the reagents and materials described, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial sources.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A method for controlling growth and increasing yield of cowpeas, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Cropping and Varieties: Planting is done in the open field in spring, using tray seedlings and transplanting. Seedlings were raised and sown on April 8th, and transplanting was done on April 24th. Choose an early or mid-maturing variety with strong resistance and high yield. Jiajiale No. 3 is a medium-early maturing variety with medium growth. It takes about 45 days from spring sowing to the first flowering. The pods are emerald green, with an average length of up to 65 cm. The pods are straight, thick, and have good commercial quality.

[0025] Land Preparation and Sowing: Choose a flat, well-drained plot with irrigation access that has not been used for legumes within the past two years. Deeply plow the soil and apply 2000kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of a 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, and 1kg of a biofertilizer per mu. After harrowing, create ridges at 1.5m intervals, with a ridge width of 70cm and a furrow width of 80cm. Cover the ridges with plastic film and set aside. After land preparation, choose a sunny day for planting. Plant two rows per ridge, with a spacing of 50cm between the smaller rows and 100cm between the larger rows, and 30cm between the plants. Sow three seeds per hole.

[0026] Field management:

[0027] Water and fertilizer management: Try not to water the cowpea before it blooms. If it is dry, water it a little. After the first layer of inflorescence is set, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 15kg / 667m 2 , urea 5kg / 667m 2After that, topdress once every 7 days, and alternately apply 1-2 times of calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other medium element fertilizers 10kg / 667m 2 and liquid organic carbon fertilizer 3kg / 667m 2 During the flowering and podding period, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0005% sodium nitrate·aminoethyl aqueous solution, 1% brown sugar, 0.1% boron fertilizer, and 0.07% methyl thiophanate on the leaves every 7 days.

[0028] Growth control agent: When the plant height reaches 80-100cm, spray the leaves with Formula 1 growth control agent. After 7 days, spray the leaves with Formula 2 growth control agent. After 5 days, if the growth control effect is not satisfactory, continue to spray Formula 2 growth control agent 1-2 times.

[0029] Pruning and pruning: After all the cowpea seedlings have emerged, plant poles and set up trellises, guiding the vines onto the trellises promptly. Remove the side buds below the first inflorescence of the main vine promptly, pinch off the side branches in the middle and upper parts of the main vine after leaving 2-3 leaves, and top the main vine when it grows over 2 meters to control vegetative growth.

[0030] The weight-to-volume ratio of the ingredients of the growth control agent of Formula 1 is: 1.05 g / 15 L of prohexadione calcium, 40 g / 15 L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 g / 15 L of urea, 9 g / 15 L of pyraclostrobin, and the balance is water.

[0031] The weight-to-volume ratio of the ingredients of Formula 2 is: 1.05 g / 15 L of calcium prohexadione, 40 g / 15 L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 g / 15 L of ammonium molybdate, 0.075 g / L of sodium nitrophenolate, 9 g / 15 L of pyraclostrobin, and the balance is water.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A method for controlling growth and increasing yield of cowpeas, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Cropping and Varieties: Planted in the open field over the summer, direct seeding is used. Sowing should begin on June 10th. Choose early- or mid-maturing varieties with strong resistance, high yield, and some heat tolerance. Jiajiale No. 8 is mid-maturing, with slightly stronger growth. From spring sowing, it takes approximately 50 days for flowering to begin. The pods are emerald green, averaging up to 70 cm in length, with straight, thick pods and good commercial quality.

[0035] Land Preparation and Sowing: Select flat, well-drained land with irrigation access that has not been planted with legumes within the past two years. Deeply plow the soil and apply 2500kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of a 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, and 2kg of a biofertilizer per mu. After harrowing, create ridges at 1.8m intervals, with a ridge width of 70cm and a furrow width of 110cm. Cover the ridges with plastic film and set aside. Plant two rows per ridge, with a minimum row spacing of 50cm and a maximum row spacing of 130cm. Plant 35cm apart, and sow three seeds per hole.

[0036] Field management:

[0037] Water and Fertilizer Management: Minimize watering before flowering. In case of drought, water sparingly. After the first layer of inflorescences sets, apply 20 kg / 667 m² of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer and 5 kg / 667 m² of urea in conjunction with watering. Apply topdressing every five days thereafter, alternating with two applications of calcium, magnesium, and sulfur fertilizers (10 kg / 667 m²) and liquid organic carbon fertilizer (4 kg / 667 m²). During flowering and podding, spray the leaves every five days with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.001% sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride aqueous solution, 1% brown sugar, 0.2% boron fertilizer, and 0.08% thiophanate-methyl.

[0038] Growth control agent: When the plant height reaches 80-100cm, spray the leaves with Formula 1 growth control agent. After 7 days, spray the leaves with Formula 2 growth control agent. After 5 days, if the growth control effect is not satisfactory, continue to spray Formula 2 growth control agent 1-2 times.

[0039] Pruning and pruning: After all the cowpea seedlings have emerged, plant poles and set up trellises, guiding the vines onto the trellises promptly. Remove the side buds below the first inflorescence of the main vine promptly, pinch off the side branches in the middle and upper parts of the main vine after leaving 2-3 leaves, and top the main vine when it grows over 2 meters to control vegetative growth.

[0040] The weight-to-volume ratio of the ingredients of the growth control agent of Formula 1 is: 1.05 g / 15 L of prohexadione calcium, 40 g / 15 L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 g / 15 L of urea, 9 g / 15 L of pyraclostrobin, and the balance is water.

[0041] The weight-to-volume ratio of the ingredients of Formula 2 is: 1.05 g / 15 L of calcium prohexadione, 40 g / 15 L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 g / 15 L of ammonium molybdate, 0.075 g / L of sodium nitrophenolate, 9 g / 15 L of pyraclostrobin, and the balance is water.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example 1 omits the step of controlling vigorous growth with a chemical, and omits the steps of alternately applying medium element fertilizer and liquid organic carbon fertilizer and foliar spraying in fertilizer and water management. Other steps are the same.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] Compared with Example 2, this comparative example 2 omits the step of controlling vigorous growth with a chemical, and omits the steps of alternately applying medium-element fertilizer and liquid organic carbon fertilizer and foliar spraying in fertilizer and water management. Other steps are the same.

[0046] In order to compare the effect of the present invention, the seeds of jiajiale No. 3 and jiajiale No. 7 harvested from the same batch were selected as test subjects, and cultivation management was performed using the methods corresponding to the above-mentioned embodiment 1, comparative example 1, embodiment 2, and comparative example 2, respectively. The cultivation area of each embodiment was 667 m2, and the initial flowering period was investigated during cultivation. The pods were picked in batches after maturity, and the yield within 30 days of harvesting was recorded. The specific comparative data are as follows:

[0047] initial flowering period Output (kg) Example 1 May 28 3394 Comparative Example 1 May 31 2952 Example 2 July 10 2464 Comparative Example 2 July 15 2088

[0048] The statistical results show that Example 1 starts flowering 3 days earlier than Comparative Example 1, and the yield increases by nearly 15%. Example 2 blooms 5 days earlier than Comparative Example 2, and the yield increases by 18%.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the growth and increasing the yield of cowpea, comprising: Land preparation and sowing: Choose a flat, well-drained plot with irrigation conditions that has not been used to grow legumes within two years. Deeply plow the soil and apply 2000-2500kg of organic fertilizer, 40-60kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and 1-2kg of biological fertilizer per mu. After harrowing, form ridges with a row spacing of 1.5-1.8m. Cover the ridges with plastic film and set aside. After land preparation, select full seeds for sowing in full moisture. Plant two rows per ridge with a row spacing of 40-50cm and a plant spacing of 30-35cm. Sow 2-3 seeds per hole. Water and fertilizer management: After the cowpea seedlings have emerged, plant poles and set up trellises and guide the vines onto the trellises in time. Try to control the water before flowering. Start watering and fertilizing after the first layer of inflorescences are set. Then fertilize every 5-7 days. At the same time, spray foliar fertilizer every 7-10 days to supplement nutrients. Controlling growth with drugs: When the plant height reaches 80-100 cm, spray the leaves with formula 1 of cowpea control agent. After 7-10 days, spray the leaves with formula 2 of cowpea control agent. After 5-7 days, if the control effect is not satisfactory, continue to spray formula 2 of cowpea control agent 1-2 times. Formula 1 of cowpea control agent contains the following substances in a weight-to-volume ratio: 0.07-0.1 g / L of prohexadione calcium, 2- 5g / L, urea 2-5g / L, pyraclostrobin 0.6-1g / L, and the balance is water; the cowpea growth control agent formula 2 contains the following substances in a weight-to-volume ratio: prohexadione calcium 0.07-0.1g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-5g / L, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.3g / L, sodium nitrophenolate 0.005-0.01g / L, pyraclostrobin 0.6-1g / L, and the balance is water; Pruning and branching: remove all side buds below the first inflorescence of the main vine, pinch off the side branches on the upper and middle parts of the main vine after leaving 2-3 leaves, and top the main vine when it grows to more than 2m in order to control its nutritional growth.

2. The cowpea growth control and yield-increasing cultivation management method according to claim 1, wherein The method of using the cowpea growth control agent formula 1 and formula 2 is as follows: when the plant height reaches 80-100 cm, dissolve the components of the cowpea growth control agent formula 1 in water and pour them into a 15L spray bottle, fill the spray bottle with water, stir thoroughly and then spray on the leaves; 7-10 days after spraying the formula 1, dissolve the components of the cowpea growth control agent formula 2 in water and pour them into a 15L spray pot, fill the spray pot with water, stir thoroughly and then spray on the leaves. 5-7 days after spraying the formula 2, if the expected growth control effect is not achieved, continue spraying 1-2 times, and shorten the interval time to 3-5 days.

3. The cowpea growth control and yield-increasing cultivation management method according to claim 1, wherein: The planting density of late-maturing varieties is 1.5-1.8m between ridges and 35-40cm between plants; the planting density of summer-sown cowpeas is 1.8-2.0m between ridges and 35-40cm between plants.

4. The cowpea growth control and yield-increasing cultivation management method according to claim 1, wherein: In the water and fertilizer management step, the type and amount of topdressing are: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 15-20kg / 667m 2 , urea 5-10kg / 667m 2 At the same time, apply 1-2 times of calcium, magnesium and sulfur medium element fertilizer 8-15kg / 667m 2 and liquid organic carbon fertilizer 2.5-5kg / 667m 2 .

5. The method for controlling growth and increasing yield of cowpea according to claim 1, wherein: The foliar fertilizer comprises: 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0005%-0.001% sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride aqueous solution, 0.5%-1% brown sugar, 0.1%-0.2% boron fertilizer, and 0.07%-0.08% thiophanate-methyl.

6. The method for controlling growth and increasing yield of cowpea according to claim 1, wherein: The cowpea sowing adopts the method of raising seedlings and transplanting in a hole tray or a nutrient pot, and the seedling raising period is 15-20 days earlier than the normal sowing period.