A green ventilation system and method based on a composite chamber

Abstract

A green ventilation system and method based on composite chambers is disclosed. The system includes a tunneling roadway and a main roadway. A main and auxiliary ventilation roadway forming a rectangle is set between the tunneling roadway and the main roadway. A main composite chamber and an auxiliary composite chamber are respectively set in the main and auxiliary ventilation roadways. A dust collector and a purifier are respectively installed in the main and auxiliary composite chambers. A main fan and an auxiliary fan are set in the main roadway. Air ducts are connected to the main and auxiliary fans respectively. Air duct A, connected to the main fan, is connected to the outlet of the main composite chamber through the main ventilation roadway, and then connected to the tunneling roadway through the main ventilation roadway from the inlet of the main composite chamber. Air duct B, connected to the auxiliary fan, is connected to the outlet of the auxiliary composite chamber through the auxiliary ventilation roadway, and then connected to the main ventilation roadway through the auxiliary ventilation roadway from the inlet of the auxiliary composite chamber and connected to air duct A. A valve is installed at the interface where air duct B connects to air duct A. By extracting coal dust from the tunneling face, the working environment at the tunneling face is guaranteed, and the problem of not being able to use exhaust ventilation due to the large amount of harmful gases such as methane during tunnel excavation is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a green ventilation system and method based on a composite chamber, which is particularly suitable for forced ventilation tasks in coal mine roadway construction, tunnel construction, and underground engineering where toxic and harmful gases are present. Background Technology

[0002] Underground engineering integrates many disciplines, which ensure the safety and efficiency of underground construction. The greatest danger to construction workers during underground operations is air supply. Insufficient air supply can lead to suffocation, and if toxic or harmful gases are not removed in time, workers can be poisoned. Therefore, ventilation is a crucial issue in underground engineering.

[0003] Currently, exhaust ventilation is the primary ventilation method used in tunneling face construction. Because exhaust ventilation draws polluted air into the ventilation duct, it avoids the problem of coal dust or particulate matter flying around, significantly improving the working environment at the tunneling face. However, when using exhaust ventilation, polluted air containing harmful gases such as methane will pass through local ventilation fans. If these fans lack explosion-proof capabilities, they can explode, causing a chain reaction of explosions of the harmful flammable and explosive gases absorbed in the ventilation duct, potentially igniting the entire underground space. This would severely threaten the lives and health of underground construction workers, causing enormous losses. Therefore, how to safely extract polluted air is a major problem that urgently needs to be solved on-site. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a green ventilation system and method based on a composite chamber that is simple in structure, easy to operate, safe and reliable.

[0005] Technical Solution: This invention provides a green ventilation system based on composite chambers, comprising a tunneling roadway and a main roadway. A main and auxiliary ventilation roadway, forming a rectangle, is constructed between the tunneling roadway and the main roadway. A main composite chamber and an auxiliary composite chamber are respectively located within the main and auxiliary ventilation roadways. The main composite chamber is equipped with a dust collector A and a purifier A, while the auxiliary composite chamber is equipped with a dust collector B and a purifier B. The main roadway contains a main fan and an auxiliary fan. The main fan is connected to an A-type ventilation duct, and the auxiliary fan is connected to a B-type ventilation duct. The A-type ventilation duct connected to the main fan connects to the outlet of the main composite chamber via the main ventilation roadway, and then connects to the tunneling roadway via the main ventilation roadway from the inlet of the main composite chamber. The B-type ventilation duct connected to the auxiliary fan connects to the outlet of the auxiliary composite chamber via the auxiliary ventilation roadway, and then connects to the main ventilation roadway via the auxiliary ventilation roadway from the inlet of the auxiliary composite chamber, connecting to the A-type ventilation duct. A valve is provided at the interface connecting the B-type ventilation duct and the A-type ventilation duct.

[0006] The main composite chamber and the auxiliary composite chamber are arranged in parallel and have the same structure. The main and auxiliary composite chambers are elliptical or rectangular with rounded corners.

[0007] Gas sensors for measuring harmful gases are installed on the pipelines connecting the A and B ducts to the main and auxiliary fans.

[0008] The A and B ducts are rigid ducts or telescopic ducts with rigid frames.

[0009] A green ventilation method based on a composite chamber using the above system is characterized by the following: In the tunneling roadway, polluted air is absorbed by the main fan and enters the ventilation duct. Valves intelligently select to open or close according to the purification capacity of the main composite chamber. After the polluted air enters the main composite chamber or both the main composite chamber and the auxiliary composite chamber, the dust collectors and purifiers inside the chambers begin to work, purifying the harmful gases in the polluted airflow to a qualified level. Finally, the polluted air flows into the main airflow duct through the main roadway. The specific steps are as follows:

[0010] 1) During the tunnel excavation stage, the ventilation duct supplied to the tunnel is placed at a distance from the tunnel face, and the main ventilation fan (8) is turned on. The waste air flows through ventilation duct A into the main composite chamber.

[0011] 2) The A dust collector and A purifier in the main composite chamber start working. Coal dust and rock dust in the polluted airflow are absorbed by the dust collector, and methane and hydrogen sulfide gas in the polluted airflow are purified and absorbed by the purifier.

[0012] 3) The polluted airflow, after being purified by dust collector A and purifier A in the main composite chamber, continues to flow along the A air duct towards the main fan outlet;

[0013] When the polluted air passes through gas sensor A, the content of harmful coal dust, rock dust, methane, and hydrogen sulfide gas in the polluted air flow is detected by gas sensor A. If the content of harmful gases is normal, the air flow will flow to the main roadway and merge with the main air flow.

[0014] If gas sensor A detects that the content of harmful gas exceeds the standard, the valve and auxiliary fan will open. Part of the polluted air in the middle of the A air duct will flow through the B air duct into the auxiliary composite chamber. The A and B dust collectors and A and B purifiers in the main and auxiliary composite chambers will simultaneously carry out purification treatment. After purification, the airflow will be detected by gas sensors A and B respectively. If the content of harmful gas is normal, the airflow will flow to the main airway and merge with the main airflow.

[0015] After the valve and auxiliary fan are opened, the polluted air flowing into the main composite chamber and the auxiliary composite chamber, which has been treated simultaneously, still detects excessive levels of harmful gases when passing through the A and S gas sensors. At this point, the A and B gas sensors will alarm. Work must be stopped immediately, and the excavation face must be evacuated. Construction can only resume after the A and B gas sensors detect that the levels of harmful gases have returned to normal.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: By employing the above technical solution, this invention can utilize an extraction ventilation method to remove coal dust from the tunneling face when harmful gases are present. This ensures a safe working environment and prevents coal dust from becoming airborne. The use of a main and auxiliary composite chamber, along with dust collectors and purifiers, significantly reduces the content of flammable and explosive gases such as methane. Airflow passing through the fan will not cause an explosion. Existing fans meeting underground construction standards can be used without replacement or increased costs. This not only effectively reduces the accident rate but also ensures the safety of personnel and property during underground construction, making extraction ventilation safe and reliable in the presence of harmful gases. Its simple structure, convenient operation, and reliable safety make it widely applicable in this technical field. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the green ventilation system based on a composite chamber according to the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1-excavation roadway; 2-main composite chamber; 3-secondary composite chamber; 4-main roadway; 5-ventilation duct; 6-dust collector; 7-purifier; 8-main fan; 9-secondary fan; 10-gas sensor; 11-valve. Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings:

[0020] The present invention discloses a green ventilation system based on composite chambers, comprising a tunneling roadway 1 and a main roadway 4. A main and auxiliary ventilation roadway, forming a rectangle, is constructed between the tunneling roadway 1 and the main roadway 4. A main composite chamber 2 and an auxiliary composite chamber 3 are respectively located within the main and auxiliary ventilation roadways. The main composite chamber 2 and the auxiliary composite chamber 3 are connected in parallel and have identical structures. The main and auxiliary composite chambers are elliptical or rectangular with rounded corners. The main composite chamber 2 is equipped with an A dust collector 6 and an A purifier 7, and the auxiliary composite chamber 3 is equipped with a B dust collector 6 and a B purifier 7. The main roadway 4 is equipped with a main fan 8 and an auxiliary fan 9. The main fan 8 is connected to an A duct 5, and the auxiliary fan 9 is connected to a B duct 5. The A and B ducts 5 are rigid ducts or retractable ducts with a rigid frame. Gas sensors 10 for measuring harmful gases are installed on the pipes connecting the A and B ducts 5 to the main and auxiliary fans. A ventilation duct 5, connected to the main ventilation fan 8, connects to the outlet of the main composite chamber 2 via the main ventilation roadway. From the inlet of the main composite chamber 2, it connects to the excavation roadway 1 via the main ventilation roadway. A ventilation duct 5, connected to the auxiliary ventilation fan 9, connects to the outlet of the secondary composite chamber 3 via the auxiliary ventilation roadway. From the inlet of the secondary composite chamber 3, it connects to the main ventilation roadway and then to A ventilation duct 5 via the auxiliary ventilation roadway. A valve 11 is installed at the interface connecting B ventilation duct 5 and A ventilation duct 5. The valve 11 has an automatic opening and closing structure. After being purified in the main composite chamber, the polluted airflow passes through a gas sensor. The gas sensor automatically determines the content of harmful gases based on the airflow. If the content of harmful gases exceeds the standard, the valve and the auxiliary ventilation fan automatically open to divert the polluted airflow into the secondary composite chamber. If the secondary composite chamber is already open before the gas sensor determines that the harmful gases exceed the standard, the gas sensor will alarm and stop the excavation work in the excavation roadway. Construction will resume only after the harmful gas levels return to acceptable levels to ensure the health and safety of construction personnel.

[0021] This invention relates to a green ventilation method based on composite chambers. During tunnel excavation, fresh air is supplied to the tunnel interior while polluted gases are expelled, ensuring the working needs of construction personnel and machinery. Polluted air in the tunnel 1 is drawn into the ventilation duct 5 by the main fan 8. Valve 11 intelligently selects to open or close based on the purification capacity of the main composite chamber 2. After entering the main composite chamber 2 or both the main composite chamber 2 and the auxiliary composite chamber 3, dust collectors and purifiers within the main and auxiliary chambers begin operation, purifying the harmful gases in the polluted airflow to a suitable level. Finally, the polluted air flows into the main airflow duct through the main tunnel 4. The specific steps are as follows:

[0022] 1) During the tunnel excavation stage, the ventilation duct 5, which supplies air into the tunnel 1, is placed at a distance from the excavation face. The main ventilation fan 8 is started, and the waste air flows to valve 11. Since valve 11 is not open, the waste air flows through ventilation duct A 5 into the main composite chamber 2.

[0023] 2) The A dust collector 6 and A purifier 7 in the main composite chamber 2 start to work. The coal dust and rock dust in the polluted airflow are absorbed by the dust collector 6, and the methane and hydrogen sulfide gas in the polluted airflow are purified and absorbed by the purifier 7.

[0024] 3) The polluted airflow after being purified by dust collector A 6 and purifier A 7 in the main composite chamber 2 continues to flow along the A air duct 5 to the outlet of the main fan 8;

[0025] When the polluted air passes through gas sensor 10, the content of harmful coal dust, rock dust, methane and hydrogen sulfide gas in the polluted air flow is detected by gas sensor 10. If the content of harmful gases is normal, the air flow will flow to the main roadway 4 and merge with the main air flow.

[0026] If gas sensor A 10 detects that the content of harmful gas exceeds the standard, valve 11 and auxiliary fan 9 will be opened. Part of the polluted air in the middle of air duct A 5 will flow through air duct B 5 into the auxiliary composite chamber 3. The dust collectors A and B 6 and purifiers A and B 7 in the main and auxiliary composite chambers will be purified at the same time. After purification, the airflow will be detected by gas sensors A and B respectively. If the content of harmful gas is normal, the airflow will flow to the main airway 4 and merge with the main airflow.

[0027] After the valve 11 and the auxiliary fan 9 are opened, the polluted air flowing into the main composite chamber 2 and the auxiliary composite chamber 3, after being treated simultaneously, still detects excessive levels of harmful gases when it passes through the A and S gas sensors 10. The A and B gas sensors 10 then alarm, and the machine is immediately shut down, work is stopped, and the workers are evacuated from the tunneling face. Construction can only resume after the levels of harmful gases detected by the A and B gas sensors 10 return to normal. Ventilation methods during tunnel construction typically include: forced ventilation, which provides good ventilation but easily pollutes the entire working environment; and exhaust ventilation, which requires less airflow and does not pollute the environment, but poses an explosion risk when encountering working faces with high concentrations of harmful gases such as methane.

Claims

1. A green ventilation system based on a composite chamber, comprising a tunneling roadway (1) and a main roadway (4), characterized in that: A rectangular main and auxiliary ventilation roadway is set up between the connecting tunnel (1) and the main roadway (4). The main and auxiliary ventilation roadways are respectively equipped with a main composite chamber (2) and an auxiliary composite chamber (3). The main composite chamber (2) is equipped with a dust collector A (6) and a purifier A (7), and the auxiliary composite chamber (3) is equipped with a dust collector B (6) and a purifier B (7). The main roadway (4) is equipped with a main fan (8) and an auxiliary fan (9). The main fan (8) is connected to an air duct A (5), and the auxiliary fan (9) is connected to an air duct B (5). The air duct A connected to the main fan (8) is connected to the auxiliary fan (9). The duct (5) is connected to the outlet of the main composite chamber (2) via the main ventilation roadway, and then connected to the tunneling roadway (1) via the main ventilation roadway from the inlet of the main composite chamber (2). The B duct (5) connected to the auxiliary fan (9) is connected to the outlet of the auxiliary composite chamber (3) via the auxiliary ventilation roadway, and then connected to the main ventilation roadway and A duct (5) via the inlet of the auxiliary composite chamber (3). A valve (11) is provided at the interface where the B duct (5) and the A duct (5) are connected. The pipelines connecting the A and B ducts (5) to the main and auxiliary fans are respectively equipped with A and B gas sensors (10) for measuring harmful gases.

2. The green ventilation system based on a composite chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main composite chamber (2) and the auxiliary composite chamber (3) are connected in parallel and have the same structure. The main and auxiliary composite chambers are elliptical or rectangular with rounded corners.

3. The green ventilation system based on a composite chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The A and B ducts (5) are rigid ducts or telescopic ducts with rigid frames.

4. A method for using the green ventilation system based on a composite chamber as described in claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: In the tunnel (1), the polluted air is absorbed by the main fan (8) and enters the ventilation duct (5). The valve (11) intelligently selects to open or close according to the purification capacity of the main composite chamber (2). After the polluted air enters the main composite chamber (2) or the main composite chamber (2) and the auxiliary composite chamber (3), the dust collector and purifier in the chamber start to work, purifying the harmful gases in the polluted air flow to a qualified level. Finally, it is merged into the main air flow pipe through the main tunnel (4). The specific steps are as follows: 1) During the tunnel excavation stage, the ventilation duct (5) that supplies air into the tunnel (1) is placed at a distance from the tunnel face, and the main ventilation fan (8) is turned on. The polluted air flows through ventilation duct A (5) into the main composite chamber (2); 2) The A dust collector (6) and A purifier (7) in the main composite chamber (2) start working. The coal dust and rock dust in the polluted airflow are absorbed by the A dust collector (6), and the gas and hydrogen sulfide gas in the polluted airflow are purified and absorbed by the A purifier (7). 3) The polluted airflow after being purified by dust collector A (6) and purifier A (7) in the main composite chamber (2) continues to flow along the air duct A (5) to the outlet of the main fan (8); When the polluted air passes through gas sensor A (10), the content of harmful coal dust, rock dust, methane and hydrogen sulfide gas in the polluted air flow is detected by gas sensor A (10). If the content of harmful gases is normal, the air flow will flow to the main roadway (4) and merge with the main air flow. If gas sensor A (10) detects that the content of harmful gas exceeds the standard, valve (11) and auxiliary fan (9) are opened. Part of the polluted air in air duct A (5) flows through air duct B (5) into the auxiliary composite chamber (3). The dust collectors A and B (6) and purifiers A and B (7) in the main and auxiliary composite chambers are purified at the same time. After purification, the airflow is detected by gas sensors A and B (10). If the content of harmful gas is normal, the airflow flows to the main roadway (4) and merges with the main airflow.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the valve (11) and the auxiliary fan (9) are opened, the sewage air that flows into the main composite chamber (2) and the auxiliary composite chamber (3) after being treated simultaneously still detects excessive levels of harmful gas when it passes through the A and B gas sensors (10). The A and B gas sensors (10) will then alarm. At this time, work must be stopped immediately, and the tunneling face must be withdrawn. Construction can only continue after the A and B gas sensors (10) detect that the harmful gas content has returned to normal.

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