A full-automatic start-up method and system for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant based on collaborative optimization

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on cooperative optimization's pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant full-automatic start-up method and system, establish the system model of nuclear power plant startup process;Based on the startup operation flow of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is divided into system level and subject level;Based on operating pressure-temperature diagram and the function state and control performance of each auxiliary system, determine the startup optimization target and constraint condition of each subject in system level and subject level;Establish global optimization framework, based on system model and constraint condition optimization objective function solution, and the result is optimized to obtain optimization curve;Based on the optimization curve obtained, the optimization value is simulated and verified by simulator or high-precision model, and the optimized non-compliance or possible risk points are found out, and correction and optimization iteration are carried out. Fast start nuclear reactor, shorten the startup time, improve the production efficiency of nuclear power station, reduce operating cost, improve economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nuclear reactor control technology, specifically relating to a fully automated start-up method and system for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization. Background Technology

[0002] Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are one of the most widely used nuclear power plant reactor types in the world. Their startup process involves more than just reactor start-up; it also includes the coordinated operation of various peripheral auxiliary systems. In principle, startup is a process of increasing reactor power, requiring each auxiliary system to cooperate based on energy balance to achieve heat output. This process is crucial to the operational stability and safety of the nuclear reactor and the nuclear power plant. Traditional nuclear reactor startup processes require manual operation and confirmation, consuming significant time and manpower. Furthermore, due to the long startup time and the presence of human intervention, there is a probability of human error, leading to certain risks and uncertainties, and potentially resulting in erroneous or missed operations, causing economic losses or safety issues. To reduce the impact of human intervention on the startup process and improve its efficiency and stability, this invention proposes a fully automated PWR startup method based on collaborative optimization. This method can coordinate and control various auxiliary systems during PWR startup based on energy balance under various constraints, enabling rapid reactor startup, shortening startup time, and improving the production efficiency of the nuclear power plant. Compared to traditional startup methods, the fully automated startup method requires fewer operators, thereby reducing operating costs and improving economic efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fully automated start-up method and system for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization, which addresses the shortcomings of the prior art and solves the technical problems of heavy operator workload, long start-up time, and low degree of automation in the current start-up process of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A fully automated start-up method for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Establish a system model of the nuclear power plant startup process;

[0007] S2. Based on the start-up and operation process of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants, divide the process into system-level and discipline-level; based on the operating pressure-temperature diagram and the functional status and control performance of each auxiliary system, determine the start-up optimization objectives and constraints for each discipline at the system-level and discipline-level.

[0008] S3. Establish a global optimization framework, solve the optimization objective function based on the system model established in step S1 and the constraints obtained in step S2, and optimize the results to obtain the optimization curve.

[0009] S4. Based on the optimization curve obtained in step S3, the optimization value is verified by simulation using a simulator or high-precision model, and non-conforming items or possible risk points after optimization are identified, and corrections and optimization iterations are carried out.

[0010] Specifically, in step S1, a system model of the nuclear power plant startup process is established based on the startup and operation process of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant and the specific design content of each auxiliary system; during the startup and operation of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, a balance is maintained between the total heat generated by the nuclear power plant and the heat carried away by various auxiliary systems.

[0011] Furthermore, the total heat generated by a nuclear power plant includes the heat generated by the fission reaction, the heat generated by the main pump, and the heat generated by the pressurizer electric heater. The auxiliary systems include the waste heat removal system, the turbine bypass system, and the cooling water system.

[0012] Specifically, in step S2, based on the start-up and operation process and PT diagram of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, the start-up process is divided into system-level tasks. The optimization objective function J(z) is the total time required for the start-up process, as follows:

[0013] J(z) = minTime 启动

[0014] Among them, Time 启动 The total time required for one startup process.

[0015] Specifically, in step S2, each auxiliary system participating in the startup process is classified at the subject level, and the objective function Time is optimized. 学科i as follows:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, J i (X i Let x be the system-level optimization objective function for the i-th discipline. ij This is the optimal solution returned at the subject level.

[0018] Furthermore, the constraints are as follows:

[0019] k i <0,e i =0

[0020] Where, k i For the inequality type constraints that the mathematical model of a discipline must satisfy, e i These are the equality constraints that the mathematical model of this discipline must satisfy.

[0021] Specifically, step S3 is as follows:

[0022] S301. Based on the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant start-up process system model established in S1 and the objective optimization function and constraints studied in S2, initialize the relevant system-level variables and design parameters in the collaborative optimization framework, and use them as expected parameters for each discipline and allocate them to the corresponding disciplines.

[0023] S302. Based on satisfying the constraints within their respective disciplines, the objective function is solved using optimization algorithms.

[0024] S303. Determine whether the result obtained in step S301 has converged. If the convergence condition is met, determine whether further optimization iteration is needed. If no further optimization iteration is needed, end the process and obtain the optimal solution for global optimization.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S302, when further optimization is needed, the generated optimal solution design variables of the system are passed to the discipline level for iterative optimization. If the requirements are not met, new design variables are generated as the optimal solution design variables for system-level initialization, and steps S302 and S303 are repeated.

[0026] Specifically, step S4 is as follows:

[0027] Based on the optimization curve obtained in step S3, the optimization curve is simulated and tested using a simulator or high-precision model. Based on the simulation results, non-conformities or risk points are identified. The source of non-conformities or risk points is analyzed as either an optimization algorithm problem or a problem with the setting of objectives or constraints. If it is an optimization algorithm problem, step S3 is repeated to correct and optimize the results. If it is a problem with the setting of objectives or constraints, the objective function and constraint equations are improved by returning to step S2. Then, step S3 is repeated to perform optimization calculations.

[0028] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a fully automated reactor start-up system for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization, characterized in that it includes:

[0029] System module, establishing a system model of the nuclear power plant startup process;

[0030] The condition module is divided into system-level and discipline-level based on the start-up and operation process of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants; based on the operating pressure-temperature diagram and the functional status and control performance of each auxiliary system, the start-up optimization objectives and constraints of each discipline in the system-level and discipline-level are determined.

[0031] The calculation module establishes a global optimization framework, solves the objective function based on the system model established by the system module and the constraints obtained by the condition module, and optimizes the results to obtain the optimization curve.

[0032] The output module, based on the optimization curve obtained from the calculation module, uses a simulator or high-precision model to verify the optimization value, and identifies non-conforming items or potential risk points after optimization, and performs correction and optimization iteration.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] A fully automated start-up method for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization is proposed. This method utilizes the nuclear power plant start-up and operation process, operating pressure-temperature (PT) diagrams, and the functional status and control performance of various auxiliary system equipment. Based on this, and following the principle of collaborative optimization, the method divides the complex start-up process into system-level and discipline-level problems, decomposing it into setpoint curve optimization problems for multiple control loops. Based on the established global optimization framework, the method solves for the corresponding optimization results according to constraints and the objective function. The coordinated start-up of various systems in the nuclear power plant is then achieved using the time-varying curves of the setpoints determined by the optimization results, enabling the start-up process to be completed quickly and accurately.

[0035] Furthermore, based on the startup and operation process of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, this study investigates the specific design details of multiple auxiliary systems involved in the process, establishes a system model of the nuclear power plant for subsequent optimization objectives, and accelerates the iterative calculation process of subsequent optimization algorithms by establishing a system model with fast computation speed and meeting the basic requirements of the nuclear power plant startup process. By setting basic conditions for maintaining a balance between the total heat generated by the nuclear power plant and the heat removed by various auxiliary systems, the design of each auxiliary system in the entire startup process satisfies basic energy conservation, thus keeping the entire system stable.

[0036] Furthermore, the startup and operation process of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is considered as an energy balance process. Through specific analysis and calculation, the total heat generated by the nuclear power plant at each time period during the startup process includes the heat generated by the fission reaction, the heat generated by the main pump, the heat generated by the pressurizer electric heater, etc., and the total heat removed by various auxiliary systems, including the heat removed by the waste heat removal system, the turbine bypass system, and the cooling water system, etc. Based on the law of conservation of energy, the constraints for subsequent collaborative optimization are formulated to ensure that the optimization control curve given by the algorithm satisfies the law of conservation of energy.

[0037] Furthermore, the complex nuclear power plant startup process is decomposed into a system-level and a discipline-level approach. The overall startup process of the nuclear power plant is classified as a system-level process, and the total time required for the startup process is also defined. 启动 As the objective function for optimization, its constraints follow those of each discipline. The purpose is to output the setpoint curves of the control system for each discipline based on the objective function and constraints, ensuring that the optimized control curves satisfy all constraints in the shortest time, thereby safely and quickly completing the entire startup process.

[0038] Furthermore, each auxiliary system participating in the startup process is divided into subject-level systems, responsible for receiving the setpoints passed down from the system level and using them as the objective. The objective function is the running time (Time) of that subject under the subject constraints. 学科i It is used to determine the objective of the optimization algorithm under constraints, and then used for optimization of the system-level objective function.

[0039] Furthermore, constraints are set for each discipline's auxiliary systems based on the research of each discipline, including the functional state of each auxiliary system and the performance of the control system, including the time required to complete the adjustment, etc. The purpose is to ensure that the control curve target given by the objective optimization function does not exceed the limit of the running PT diagram, the control requirements do not exceed the control performance of the system, and the law of conservation of energy is satisfied at all times throughout the entire startup process.

[0040] Furthermore, the designed collaborative optimization framework is divided into three sub-steps for design and implementation: initializing the relevant system-level variables and design parameters in the collaborative optimization framework; solving the optimization objective function through the optimization algorithm; and determining whether further optimization is needed to obtain the optimal solution. The purpose of this step is to clarify the specific implementation steps of the collaborative optimization algorithm and, based on these steps, determine the setpoint curves of each discipline, i.e., the auxiliary system, during the entire pressurized water reactor start-up process.

[0041] Furthermore, the optimal solution design variables of the system that need further optimization are passed to the discipline level for iterative optimization. If the requirements are not met, new design variables are generated as the optimal solution design variables for system-level initialization and iterative optimization is repeated. This method can iterate the undesirable results obtained after a single solution until the optimal solution in the evaluation is obtained, ensuring that the optimized control curve meets all constraints and the time is minimized.

[0042] Furthermore, the optimized control curve is simulated and tested using a simulator or a high-precision model. Based on the simulation results, non-compliance items or potential risk points are identified, and their sources are analyzed and corresponding solutions are implemented. The purpose is to re-verify the theoretically optimized value obtained from the previous optimization algorithm, and then iteratively optimize to correct any potential problems, ensuring that the optimized control curve can safely and quickly complete the entire startup process.

[0043] It is understandable that the beneficial effects of the second aspect mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0044] In summary, this invention can quickly start up a nuclear reactor, shorten the start-up time, improve the production efficiency of a nuclear power plant, reduce operating costs, and enhance economic efficiency.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 System-level and discipline-level architecture diagrams for the nuclear power plant startup process;

[0048] Figure 3 A collaborative optimization framework diagram for the fully automated start-up design of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0051] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0052] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this invention generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" relationship.

[0053] It should be understood that although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in the embodiments of the present invention to describe the preset range, these preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the preset ranges from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, the first preset range may also be referred to as the second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range may also be referred to as the first preset range.

[0054] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used here can be interpreted as "when," "when," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "if determination" or "if detection (of the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as "when determination," "in response to determination," "when detection (of the stated condition or event)," or "in response to detection (of the stated condition or event)."

[0055] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0056] This invention provides a fully automated start-up method for pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization. Based on the start-up and operation process of the nuclear power plant and the system design of the PWR, a nuclear power plant system model is built for the optimization algorithm. Then, according to the start-up and operation process and optimization objectives, the collaborative optimization algorithm is divided into discipline-level and system-level components. Based on the operating pressure-temperature (PT) diagram of the PWR and the functional states and control performance of each auxiliary system, the overall system-level optimization objective and overall constraints for fully automated start-up of the PWR are determined, as well as the optimization objectives and constraints for each discipline. Subsequently, a global optimization framework is established, and the established optimization objective function is solved using the collaborative optimization algorithm, and the results are optimized to determine the setpoint curves for each system. Finally, the optimization results are tested and verified on a simulator or high-precision model, and the setpoint curves with poor performance are iteratively optimized until a rapid fully automated start-up process for the nuclear power plant is achieved.

[0057] Please see Figure 1 This invention discloses a fully automated start-up method for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1. Based on the startup and operation process of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant and the specific design content of each auxiliary system, establish a system model of the nuclear power plant startup process, which will be used as the controlled object for subsequent optimization algorithms.

[0059] The startup and operation of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant requires the coordinated operation of multiple auxiliary systems to achieve safe startup and stable operation of the reactor. Essentially, the startup process is an energy balance process. Energy balance refers to the balance between the total heat generated by the nuclear power plant during startup, including heat from the fission reaction, main pumps, and pressurizer electric heaters, and the heat removed by various auxiliary systems, including waste heat removal systems, turbine bypass systems, and cooling water systems. Therefore, during startup, the various auxiliary systems need to coordinate to achieve energy balance, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the nuclear reactor power plant.

[0060] In order to solve and optimize the optimization objectives in the future, before carrying out the specific design, it is necessary to study the specific design content of the multiple auxiliary systems involved in the startup and operation process, and establish a system model of the nuclear power plant. At the same time, in order to accelerate the iterative calculation process of the subsequent optimization algorithm, the system model established in this step requires fast calculation speed. The model is established based on the basic requirements of completing the startup and operation process of the nuclear power plant.

[0061] S2. Based on the start-up and operation process of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants, the system level and discipline level are divided into system level and discipline level. Based on the operating pressure-temperature (PT) diagram and the functional status and control performance of each auxiliary system, including the time required to complete the adjustment, the start-up optimization objectives and constraints of each discipline in the system level and discipline level are determined.

[0062] Based on the principles of collaborative optimization algorithms, a typical multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) method decomposes the complex startup process into a system-level and a discipline-level process. The discipline-level process contains multiple parallel disciplines. The optimization objective of the system-level process is the objective function of the original problem. The discipline-level process is responsible for receiving the set values ​​passed down from the system-level process and using them as the objective. Each parallel discipline performs optimization and solution under the constraints of its own discipline.

[0063] During the startup process of a nuclear reactor, different objectives and constraints need to be met at different stages. The overall objective is to complete the entire startup process safely and rapidly while satisfying all constraints. The overall constraints are set in accordance with the constraints of each auxiliary system. For each auxiliary system participating in the startup process, its objectives need to be determined according to the startup procedure, and its constraints need to clarify the functional status and control system performance of each auxiliary system, including the time required to complete the adjustment, etc. Corresponding constraints are studied for each auxiliary system.

[0064] Figure 1The diagram shows the PT (Pressure, Temperature, and Time) curves for nuclear power plant startup and operation. The shaded areas represent the normal pressure and temperature limits of the primary loop during startup. Based on the above, and using the startup and operation flow and PT curves of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, the startup process is divided into system-level parameters. The optimization objective function J(z) is the total time required for the startup process, expressed as:

[0065] J(z) = minTime 启动

[0066] The constraints must follow those of each discipline. It should be noted that, since the running times of multiple disciplines may overlap on the timeline during startup, the total startup time is not simply the sum of the optimal times for each discipline. The total startup time needs to be determined based on a specific analysis of the influencing factors during the startup process. 启动 The total time required for one startup process.

[0067] Each auxiliary system participating in the startup process is classified at the subject level, and each subject is treated as a separate subject with the following optimization objective function:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, J i (X i Let x be the system-level optimization objective function for the i-th discipline. ij This is the optimal solution returned at the subject level.

[0070] The constraints are as follows:

[0071] k i <0,e i =0

[0072] Where, k i This represents the type of inequality constraints that the mathematical model of this discipline must satisfy, such as the control objective of the waste heat removal system not exceeding the temperature curve in the operating PT diagram, and the control requirements not exceeding the control performance of the system; e i This represents the equality constraints that the mathematical model of this discipline must satisfy, such as the conservation of energy.

[0073] Based on the above, the system-level and discipline-level objective optimization functions and constraint condition architectures for the nuclear power plant startup process are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0074] S3. Establish a global optimization framework, select an appropriate optimization algorithm, solve the optimization objective function based on the nuclear power plant system model established in step S1 and the constraints obtained in step S2, optimize the results, and then determine the setpoint curves of each system after optimization.

[0075] Based on steps S1 and S2, a global optimization framework is established, and specific information interaction and cooperation strategies are designed, including aspects such as communication delay and information sharing. Then, appropriate optimization strategies are selected based on the system model established in step S1 and the discipline-level and system-level system characteristics of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant in step S2. These strategies include gradient-based methods, genetic algorithms, or particle swarm optimization to solve the objective function. Finally, algorithm evaluation is performed, and suitable experiments are designed to evaluate and optimize the results, including the quality of the optimization results, convergence speed, and stability. Iteration and optimization are conducted until the final requirements are met, thereby determining the setpoint curves for each discipline, i.e., auxiliary systems, during the entire pressurized water reactor start-up process. The specific details of its collaborative optimization framework are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following three steps:

[0076] S301. Based on the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant start-up process system model established in S1 and the objective optimization function and constraints studied in S2, initialize the relevant system-level variables and design parameters in the collaborative optimization framework, and use them as expected parameters for each discipline and allocate them to the corresponding disciplines.

[0077] S302. On the basis of satisfying the constraints within their respective disciplines, the optimization objective function is solved by optimization algorithm so that the optimization value of each discipline is as close as possible to the expected value.

[0078] S303. Determine whether the result has converged. If the convergence condition is met, determine whether further optimization iteration is needed. If no further optimization iteration is needed, end the process and obtain the optimal solution for global optimization. If further optimization is needed, pass the generated system optimal solution design variables to the discipline level for iterative optimization. If the requirements are not met, generate new design variables as the optimal solution design variables for system-level initialization, and repeat steps S302 and S303.

[0079] S4. Based on the optimization curve obtained in step S3, the optimization value is verified by simulation using a simulator or high-precision model, and non-conforming items or possible risk points after optimization are identified, and corrections and optimization iterations are carried out.

[0080] Based on the optimization curve obtained in step S3, the optimization value is simulated and tested using a simulator or high-precision model. Based on the simulation results, non-compliance items or potential risk points are identified, and their sources are analyzed as optimization algorithm problems or problems with the setting of objectives or constraints. If it is an optimization algorithm problem, step S3 is repeated to correct and optimize the results. If it is a problem with the setting of objectives or constraints, step S2 is returned to improve the objective function and constraint equations, and then step S3 is repeated to perform optimization calculations.

[0081] In another embodiment of the present invention, a fully automated pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant start-up system based on cooperative optimization is provided. This system can be used to implement the above-mentioned fully automated pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant start-up method based on cooperative optimization. Specifically, the fully automated pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant start-up system based on cooperative optimization includes a system module, a condition module, a calculation module, and an output module.

[0082] Among them, the system module establishes a system model of the nuclear power plant startup process;

[0083] The condition module is divided into system-level and discipline-level based on the start-up and operation process of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants; based on the operating pressure-temperature diagram and the functional status and control performance of each auxiliary system, the start-up optimization objectives and constraints of each discipline in the system-level and discipline-level are determined.

[0084] The calculation module establishes a global optimization framework, solves the objective function based on the system model established by the system module and the constraints obtained by the condition module, and optimizes the results to obtain the optimization curve.

[0085] The output module, based on the optimization curve obtained from the calculation module, uses a simulator or high-precision model to verify the optimization value, and identifies non-conforming items or potential risk points after optimization, and performs correction and optimization iteration.

[0086] In another embodiment of the present invention, a terminal device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment can be used for the operation of a fully automated reactor start-up method for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization, including:

[0087] Establish a system model of the nuclear power plant startup process; divide the startup and operation process of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant into system-level and discipline-level components; determine the startup optimization objectives and constraints for each discipline at the system-level and discipline-level based on the operating pressure-temperature diagram and the functional status and control performance of each auxiliary system; establish a global optimization framework, solve the optimization objective function based on the system model and constraints, and optimize the results to obtain optimization curves; based on the obtained optimization curves, verify the optimized values ​​through simulation using a simulator or high-precision model, identify non-conformities or potential risk points after optimization, and perform correction and optimization iterations.

[0088] In another embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is also provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (memory). This computer-readable storage medium is a memory device in a terminal device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the terminal device and extended storage media supported by the terminal device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, this storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0089] One or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by the processor to implement the corresponding steps of the fully automated start-up method for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on cooperative optimization in the above embodiments; one or more instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are loaded and executed by the processor in the following steps:

[0090] Establish a system model of the nuclear power plant startup process; divide the startup and operation process of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant into system-level and discipline-level components; determine the startup optimization objectives and constraints for each discipline at the system-level and discipline-level based on the operating pressure-temperature diagram and the functional status and control performance of each auxiliary system; establish a global optimization framework, solve the optimization objective function based on the system model and constraints, and optimize the results to obtain optimization curves; based on the obtained optimization curves, verify the optimized values ​​through simulation using a simulator or high-precision model, identify non-conformities or potential risk points after optimization, and perform correction and optimization iterations.

[0091] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0092] The following analysis will focus on the "pressurizer steam chamber establishment" stage during the startup process of a large pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant as an example:

[0093] Step 1: Establish a system model for the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant to complete the establishment of the steam chamber by the pressurizer during the startup process, including the primary loop system, chemical and volume control system, waste heat removal system, and other related control systems.

[0094] Step 2: Based on the startup phase of the embodiment, the entire phase of "pressurizer establishing steam chamber" is treated as a system-level process, with time as the optimization objective. A system-level optimization objective function is configured, and the constraints must satisfy the discipline-level constraints. The pressurizer electric heater, waste heat discharge flow control system, waste heat discharge temperature control system, primary loop pressure relief control system, and charging flow control system are all classified as disciplines. Then, based on the nuclear power plant startup PT diagram and energy conservation, the constraints for each discipline are determined according to the characteristics of each control system, actuator performance, and other constraints during the startup process, thus obtaining the following... Figure 2 The system-level and subject-level architectures shown are examples.

[0095] Step 3: Establish as follows Figure 3 The global optimization framework shown is then used. Based on the system model built in step 1, the optimization algorithm iteratively solves the various optimization objectives determined in step 2. This allows us to determine the time-varying setpoint curves of the optimized voltage regulator electric heater, waste heat discharge flow control system, waste heat discharge temperature control system, primary loop pressure relief control system, and charging flow control system.

[0096] Step 4: Simulate and test the optimized setpoint curve obtained in Step 3 using a simulator or high-precision model. Based on the simulation verification results, further correct and iterate the optimized setpoint curve to finally obtain the control curves of various auxiliary systems that enable the regulator to safely, quickly and automatically complete the steam chamber establishment stage over time.

[0097] In summary, the present invention provides a fully automated start-up method and system for pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants based on collaborative optimization. Under various constraints, this method coordinates and controls various auxiliary systems during the start-up of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants according to the energy balance relationship, enabling rapid start-up of the nuclear reactor, shortening the start-up time, and improving the production efficiency of the nuclear power plant. Compared with traditional start-up methods, the fully automated start-up method requires fewer operators, thereby reducing operating costs and improving economic efficiency.

[0098] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0099] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0100] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this invention can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0101] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / terminals and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / terminal embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0102] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0103] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0104] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0105] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0106] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0107] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0108] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for full automatic start-up of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant based on collaborative optimization, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a system model of a nuclear power plant startup process; S2, dividing system level and discipline level based on the start-up operation flow of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant; dividing the overall start-up process of the nuclear power plant into system level, determining the start-up optimization objectives and constraint conditions of each discipline in the system level and discipline level based on the operation pressure-temperature diagram and the function state and control performance of each auxiliary system, dividing each auxiliary system participating in the start-up process into the discipline level, and optimizing the objective function As follows: wherein, J i (X i ) For the first i discipline, the optimization objective function at the system level, x ij The optimal solution returned at the discipline level, with the following constraints: wherein, k i is an inequality type constraint that the subject mathematical model must satisfy, e i is an equality constraint that the subject mathematical model must satisfy. S3, establishing a global optimization framework, solving an optimization objective function based on the system model established in step S1 and the constraint conditions obtained in step S2, and optimizing the result to obtain an optimization curve, specifically: S301, initializing related variables and design parameters of the system level in the collaborative optimization framework based on the system model of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant startup process established in S1 and the target optimization function and constraint conditions researched in S2, taking them as expected parameters of each discipline and distributing them to the corresponding disciplines; S302, solving the optimization objective function through an optimization algorithm on the basis of meeting the constraint conditions within each discipline; S303, judging whether the result obtained in step S301 converges, if the convergence condition is met, judging whether optimization iteration needs to be continued, if optimization iteration is not needed, ending and obtaining the optimal solution of global optimization; S4, based on the optimization curve obtained in step S3, simulating and testing the optimization curve through a simulation machine or a high-precision model, determining non-conformity items or risk points according to the simulation result, analyzing whether the source of the non-conformity items or risk points is an optimization algorithm problem or a target or constraint condition setting problem, if it is an optimization algorithm problem, repeating step S3 to correct and optimize the result, if it is a target or constraint condition setting problem, returning to step S2 to perfect the target function and the constraint equation, and then repeating step S3 to optimize calculation.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In step S1, a system model of a nuclear power plant startup process is established according to the startup and operation process of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant and the specific design content of each auxiliary system; in the startup and operation of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, the total heat generated by the nuclear power plant and the heat taken away by various auxiliary systems are kept in balance.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises: The total heat generated by the nuclear power plant includes the heat generated by the fission reaction, the heat generated by the main pump and the heat generated by the pressurizer electric heater, and the auxiliary systems include the residual heat removal system, the turbine bypass system and the cooling water system.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In step S2, based on the start-up operation process of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant and the operation P-T diagram, the nuclear power plant start-up process is divided into system level, and the objective function is optimized J(z) is the total time required for the start-up process, and is specifically as follows: wherein, total time required for the start-up process.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In step S302, when optimization needs to be continued, the generated system optimal solution design variable is transmitted to the discipline level for iterative optimization, if the demand is not met, a new design variable is generated as the optimal solution design variable of the system level initialization, and steps S302 and S303 are repeated.

6. A fully automatic start-up system for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant based on collaborative optimization, characterized in that, It comprises: a system module, establishing a system model of a nuclear power plant startup process; a condition module, dividing the system level and the discipline level based on the startup and operation process of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant; Based on the operating pressure-temperature map and the functional state and control performance of each auxiliary system, the start-up optimization objectives and constraint conditions of each discipline in the system level and discipline level are determined, each auxiliary system participating in the start-up process is divided into the discipline level, and the objective function is optimized As follows: where, J i (X i ) For the first i discipline, the optimization objective function at the system level is x ij The optimal solution returned at the discipline level, with the following constraints: wherein, k i is an inequality type constraint that the subject mathematical model needs to satisfy, e i is an equality constraint that the subject mathematical model needs to satisfy; a calculation module, establishing a global optimization framework, solving an optimization objective function based on the system model established by the system module and the constraint conditions obtained by the condition module, and optimizing the result to obtain an optimization curve, specifically: initializing related variables and design parameters of the system level in the collaborative optimization framework based on the established system model of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant startup process and the researched target optimization function and constraint conditions, taking them as expected parameters of each discipline and distributing them to the corresponding disciplines; solving the optimization objective function through an optimization algorithm on the basis of meeting the constraint conditions within each discipline; The obtained result is judged whether to converge, if the convergence condition is met, whether the optimization iteration is still needed to continue is judged, if the optimization iteration is not needed, the optimization is ended, and the global optimization optimal solution is obtained; The output module simulates and tests the optimization curve through the simulation machine or the high-precision model based on the obtained optimization curve, determines the non-conformity or risk point according to the simulation result, analyzes whether the source of the non-conformity or risk point is the optimization algorithm problem or the target or constraint condition setting problem, if it is the optimization algorithm problem, the result is corrected and optimized repeatedly by the calculation module, if it is the target or constraint condition setting problem, the target function and the constraint equation are perfected in the condition module, and then the optimization calculation is repeated by the calculation module.

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