A high-toughness high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a high-toughness high-damping layered aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the layered aluminum-based composite material is obtained by vacuum hot-pressing sintering and rolling of the layered composite material after hot pressing, the heterogeneous metal interface (aluminum alloy / ferrite stainless steel) is formed, a large number of geometrically necessary dislocations are generated and accumulated near the interface during the deformation of the composite material, the interface damping source and the dislocation damping source of the material are increased, and the damping performance of the material is improved; the layered heterogeneous structure in the composite material can coordinate the deformation of the material, reduce the degree of strain localization, and improve the strain hardening capacity of the material through the heterogeneous deformation induced strengthening effect, so that the strength and toughness of the material are improved, and finally the material has high strength and toughness and high damping performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal matrix composites and their preparation, and particularly to a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of urban rail transit and high-speed trains, the problems caused by vibration and noise in their components during service have become increasingly significant, placing higher demands on the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance and damping performance of materials. Aluminum and aluminum alloys are widely used in electronic components, rail transit, and aerospace due to their excellent properties such as light weight, low density, high strength, and ease of processing. However, the low intrinsic damping of aluminum and aluminum alloys limits their application in vibration reduction and noise reduction. Vibration and noise can be controlled by improving the damping of components, currently including three main methods: increasing system damping, structural damping, and material damping. Compared with methods such as installing damping dampers or covering vibration sources to increase system and structural damping, increasing material damping can fundamentally reduce vibration and noise without adding extra component weight or structural complexity, making it a more ideal method.

[0003] The main damping mechanisms of aluminum alloys are dislocation, grain boundary, and interface damping. Strengthening of aluminum alloys can be achieved through techniques such as intense plastic deformation and grain refinement, each affecting the alloy's damping performance in different ways. For example, grain refinement increases grain boundary area, and grain boundary viscous sliding at high temperatures can improve damping performance. However, grain boundary sliding is not significant at room temperature. As strong dislocation pinning points, grain boundaries hinder dislocation "bowout" movement, leading to a decrease in the alloy's damping performance. Intense plastic deformation and precipitation have similar effects on the damping performance of aluminum alloys. The dislocation entanglement generated by the former and the second-phase particles formed by the latter are both strong dislocation pinning points. Although the alloy strength increases significantly with increasing deformation and the number of second-phase particles, the dislocation mobility decreases drastically, resulting in poorer alloy damping performance.

[0004] Numerous researchers have improved the damping performance of aluminum-based materials by introducing highly intrinsically damping reinforcing phases into aluminum alloys. Utilizing the significant differences in physical properties between the reinforcing phase and the matrix (such as negative stiffness and coefficient of thermal expansion), a large number of dislocations are generated in the composite material. Simultaneously, the interface between the reinforcing phase and the matrix slips under applied alternating loads, resulting in interfacial damping and effectively enhancing the damping performance of the aluminum-based material. While this composite design can improve the strength and damping performance of the material to some extent, it cannot resolve the local deformation mismatch between the metal matrix and the reinforcing phase, thus significantly sacrificing the material's toughness and plasticity.

[0005] In summary, given the technical dilemma of the trade-off between damping performance and toughness in aluminum alloy materials, it is urgent to explore a method for preparing aluminum-based composite materials that combine high strength and toughness with high damping. This is of great significance for ensuring the service safety of rail transit components, while effectively reducing vibration and noise and improving ride comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the inverse relationship between damping performance and strength in aluminum matrix composites, this invention first utilizes a layered heterogeneous composite design to enhance the material's strength and toughness. When the layered composite deforms, a significant strain gradient is generated near the soft / hard phase interface. To coordinate the deformation in the aluminum matrix composite, a large number of geometrically necessary dislocations are rapidly generated and accumulated near the interface, thereby reducing strain localization, delaying necking, and generating heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening, thus improving the material's strain hardening capacity and ultimately enhancing the strength and toughness of the aluminum matrix composite. Multiple damping mechanisms are introduced to improve the material's damping performance: The layered heterogeneous aluminum matrix composite contains numerous interfaces between dissimilar materials. Due to the significant differences in the mechanical properties of the two materials, deformation incoordination occurs near the interface, leading to friction between different phases and thus increasing the material's interface damping. As the amplitude increases, a large number of geometrically necessary dislocations are generated and accumulated near the interface, and the dislocation damping mechanism in the material also comes into play. Dislocations undergo a "bow-out" motion between pinning points, gradually detaching from the pinning points, and the material's damping factor continuously increases, resulting in a highly damped aluminum matrix composite.

[0007] This invention provides a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material and its preparation method, which can solve the problems of poor damping performance and low strength of existing aluminum matrix composite materials.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] This invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step S1, Assembly: Assemble the surface-treated aluminum alloy substrate and stainless steel reinforcing phase substrate in an aluminum alloy / stainless steel / aluminum alloy stacking manner.

[0011] Step S2, Vacuum hot pressing composite: The laminated structure plates of the preform are placed in a vacuum hot pressing furnace for vacuum hot pressing composite;

[0012] Step S3, cold rolling and annealing: The hot-pressed layered aluminum matrix composite material is cold rolled and then annealed to complete the preparation of the high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material.

[0013] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the aluminum alloy substrate is 0.5mm thick 5083 aluminum alloy or 7075 aluminum alloy, the stainless steel reinforcing phase is 0.1mm thick 405 ferritic stainless steel, the number of aluminum alloy layers is 4 to 6, the number of stainless steel layers is 3 to 5, and the total number of layers is 7 to 11.

[0014] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the vacuum hot pressing composite process is as follows: the holding temperature during hot pressing composite is 300-500℃, the pressure is 20MPa, and the holding time is 90-300min; the pressurization is divided into three steps: the initial pressurization is performed when the diffusion pump is preheated, with a pressure of 5MPa; when the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace starts heating, the pressure is adjusted to 10MPa; and when the temperature of the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace reaches the holding temperature, the pressure is adjusted to 20MPa.

[0015] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the layered aluminum matrix composite material after vacuum hot pressing is subjected to multiple cold rolling passes, with a total cold rolling reduction rate of 30% to 70%, and the cold-rolled sample is subjected to annealing treatment at a temperature of 300 to 500°C and an annealing time of 90 to 180 min.

[0016] Based on the preparation method of the layered aluminum matrix composite material in the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material. The high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material in the above embodiments. The high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material is composed of alternating stacked aluminum alloy layers and ferritic stainless steel layers. The thickness ratio of the aluminum alloy layer to the ferritic stainless steel layer is 5:1. The aluminum alloy / ferritic stainless steel layer interface forms a good metallurgical bond. The thickness of the interface diffusion layer is 1.2 to 3.2 μm. The tensile strength of the ferritic stainless steel layer is 1.9 to 2.6 times that of the aluminum alloy layer.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] (1) Improve the strength and toughness of materials by using layered heterogeneous composite design: Through layered heterogeneous design, the deformation in aluminum-based composite materials is coordinated, the degree of strain localization is reduced, the occurrence of necking is delayed, and heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening effect is generated, thereby improving the strain hardening ability of the material and thus improving the strength and toughness of aluminum-based composite materials.

[0019] (2) Introducing multiple damping mechanisms to improve the damping performance of materials: There are a large number of dissimilar material interfaces in layered heterostructure aluminum matrix composites. Due to the large differences in the mechanical properties of the two materials, deformation incoordination will occur in the area near the interface, and friction will occur between different phases, thereby improving the interface damping of the material. As the amplitude increases, the generation and accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations will also play a role in the dislocation damping mechanism in the material. The dislocations make a "bowing" motion between the pin points and gradually break away from the pin points. The damping factor of the material also increases continuously, thereby obtaining a high-damping aluminum matrix composite material.

[0020] This invention applies the concept of layered heterogeneous composite design to aluminum-based composite materials, fully utilizing the geometrically necessary dislocations and heterogeneous interfaces in the heterogeneous materials to increase the material's damping sources, thereby obtaining high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping aluminum-based materials. The aluminum-based composite material prepared by this invention has a tensile strength of 290 MPa and an elongation of 19.8%, within a 1×10⁻⁶ range. -3 The damping factor (tanδ) under strain is 0.025, which improves both strength and toughness, and its damping performance is also much higher than that of common aluminum alloys. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the tensile mechanical properties of a layered composite material based on 5083 aluminum alloy at different annealing temperatures for embodiments of this application.

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the damping performance of a layered heterostructure aluminum matrix composite material is provided for embodiments of this application. Figure 2 (a) is a composite material with 5083 aluminum alloy as the matrix; Figure 2 (b) is a composite material with 7075 aluminum alloy as the matrix.

[0024] Figure 3 EBSD diagrams of layered composite materials with 5083 aluminum alloy as the matrix at different annealing temperatures are provided for embodiments of this application.

[0025] Figure 4 This application provides geometrically necessary dislocation distribution diagrams under different strains in the 300℃ annealed state of 5083 aluminum alloy as the matrix, for embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] This invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0028] Step S1, Assembly: Assemble the surface-treated aluminum alloy substrate and stainless steel reinforcing phase substrate in an aluminum alloy / stainless steel / aluminum alloy stacking manner.

[0029] Step S2, Vacuum hot pressing composite: The laminated structure plates of the preform are placed in a vacuum hot pressing furnace for vacuum hot pressing composite;

[0030] Step S3, cold rolling and annealing: The hot-pressed layered aluminum matrix composite material is cold rolled and then annealed to complete the preparation of the high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material.

[0031] Preferably, in step S1, the aluminum alloy substrate is 0.5mm thick 5083 aluminum alloy or 7075 aluminum alloy, the stainless steel reinforcing phase is 0.1mm thick 405 ferritic stainless steel, the aluminum alloy substrate has 4 to 6 layers, the stainless steel substrate has 3 to 5 layers, and a total of 7 to 11 layers.

[0032] Preferably, in step S2, the vacuum hot pressing composite process is as follows: the holding temperature during hot pressing composite is 300-500℃, the pressure is 20MPa, and the holding time is 90-300min; the pressurization is divided into three steps: the initial pressurization is performed when the diffusion pump is preheated, with a pressure of 5MPa; when the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace starts heating, the pressure is adjusted to 10MPa; and when the temperature of the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace reaches the holding temperature, the pressure is adjusted to 20MPa.

[0033] Preferably, in step S3, the layered aluminum matrix composite material after vacuum hot pressing is subjected to multiple cold rolling passes, with a total cold rolling reduction rate of 30% to 70%, and the cold-rolled sample is annealed at a temperature of 300 to 500°C for 90 to 180 minutes.

[0034] According to the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material in the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material, which is prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material as described in the above embodiments. The high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material is composed of alternating stacked aluminum alloy layers and ferritic stainless steel layers, with a thickness ratio of 5:1 between the aluminum alloy layers and the ferritic stainless steel layers. The aluminum alloy / ferritic stainless steel layer interface forms a good metallurgical bond, the thickness of the interface diffusion layer is 1.2 to 3.2 μm, and the tensile strength of the ferritic stainless steel layer is 1.9 to 2.6 times that of the aluminum alloy layer.

[0035] The inventors illustrate the preparation method of the above-mentioned high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material with three specific embodiments, as described in the following embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-damping layered heterostructure aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Step S01, material composition: matrix: 0.5mm thick commercial 5083 aluminum alloy; reinforcing phase: 0.1mm thick 405 ferritic stainless steel. The preparation method, microstructure, and performance testing methods are as follows:

[0039] Step S02, Cutting: Use wire electrical discharge machining to cut the 5083 aluminum alloy into 50×50×0.5mm pieces. 3 Cut 405 ferritic stainless steel into 50×50×0.1mm pieces. 3 .

[0040] Step S03: Clean the cut aluminum alloy substrate plate and 405 ferritic stainless steel plate. First, use sandpaper to remove the oxide scale on the surface of the cut aluminum alloy substrate plate to expose the fresh metal. First, clean the aluminum alloy substrate plate with a 5% NaOH aqueous solution for 5 minutes. Then, ultrasonically clean the alkaline-washed aluminum alloy substrate plate with a 10% HNO3 aqueous solution for 10 minutes. Finally, ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes. For the 405 ferritic stainless steel, ultrasonically clean it with a 10% HNO3 aqueous solution for 10 minutes and then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes.

[0041] Step S1, Assembly: Stack the cleaned raw materials in the order of 5083 aluminum alloy / 405 ferritic stainless steel / 5083 aluminum alloy.

[0042] Step S2, Hot Pressing: The assembled raw materials are placed into the graphite mold of the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace. First, the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace is evacuated to a vacuum level below 0.1 Pa. Heating and pressurization are then performed. The holding temperature during hot pressing diffusion is 500℃, and the pressure is 20MPa. Pressurization is done in three steps: initial pressurization at 5MPa during diffusion pump preheating; adjusting the pressure to 10MPa when the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace begins heating; and adjusting the pressure to 20MPa when the furnace temperature reaches 300–500℃. The furnace is held at this temperature for 90–200 minutes. After this time, heating is stopped, the pressure is released, and the sample is cooled with the furnace.

[0043] Step S31, rolling: The sample prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering is cut off around the edges by wire cutting and then cold rolled with a reduction rate of 30-70%.

[0044] Step S32 Annealing: The cold-rolled sample is annealed in a box furnace at a temperature of 300-330℃ for 90-180 minutes.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-damping layered heterostructure aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step S01, material composition: matrix: 0.5mm thick commercial 5083 aluminum alloy; reinforcing phase: 0.1mm thick 405 ferritic stainless steel.

[0048] Step S02, Cutting: Use wire electrical discharge machining to cut the 5083 aluminum alloy into 50×50×0.5mm pieces. 3 Cut 405 ferritic stainless steel into 50×50×0.1mm pieces. 3 .

[0049] Step S03, Cleaning: First, use sandpaper to remove the oxide scale from the surface of the raw material, exposing the fresh metal to the surface. Clean the 5083 aluminum alloy with a 5% NaOH aqueous solution for 5 minutes. Then, ultrasonically clean the 5083 aluminum alloy with a 10% HNO3 aqueous solution for 10 minutes. Finally, ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes. For 405 ferritic stainless steel, ultrasonically clean it with a 10% HNO3 aqueous solution for 10 minutes. Finally, ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes.

[0050] Step S1, Assembly: Stack the cleaned raw materials in the order of 5083 aluminum alloy / 405 ferritic stainless steel / 5083 aluminum alloy.

[0051] Step S2, Hot Pressing: The assembled raw material is placed into the graphite mold of the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace. First, the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace is evacuated to a vacuum level below 0.1 Pa. Heating and pressurization are then applied. During hot pressing diffusion, the holding temperature is 300–500℃ and the pressure is 20 MPa. The sample is held under these conditions for 90–200 minutes. After the time is reached, heating is stopped, the pressure is released, and the sample is cooled with the furnace.

[0052] Step S31, rolling: The sample prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering is cut off around the edges by wire cutting and then cold rolled with a reduction rate of 30-70%.

[0053] Step S32, Annealing: The cold-rolled sample is annealed in a box furnace at a temperature of 475-500℃ for 90-180 min.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-damping layered heterostructure aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step S01, material composition: matrix: 0.5mm thick commercial 7075 aluminum alloy; reinforcing phase: 0.1mm thick 405 ferritic stainless steel.

[0057] Step S02, Cutting: Use wire electrical discharge machining to cut the 7075 aluminum alloy into 50×50×0.5mm pieces. 3 Cut 405 ferritic stainless steel into 50×50×0.1mm pieces. 3 .

[0058] Step S03, Cleaning: First, use sandpaper to remove the oxide scale from the surface of the raw material, so that the fresh metal is exposed on the surface. The 7075 aluminum alloy is first cleaned with 5% NaOH aqueous solution for 5 minutes. After being cleaned with alkali, the 7075 aluminum alloy is ultrasonically cleaned with 10% HNO3 aqueous solution for 10 minutes. Finally, it is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes. The 405 ferritic stainless steel is ultrasonically cleaned with 10% HNO3 aqueous solution for 10 minutes. Finally, it is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes.

[0059] Step S1, Assembly: Stack the cleaned raw materials in the order of 7075 aluminum alloy / 405 ferritic stainless steel / 7075 aluminum alloy.

[0060] Step S2, Hot Pressing: The assembled raw material is placed into the graphite mold of the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace. First, the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace is evacuated to a vacuum level below 0.1 Pa. Heating and pressurization are then applied. During hot pressing diffusion, the holding temperature is 300–500℃ and the pressure is 20 MPa. The sample is held at this temperature for 200–500 minutes. After the time is reached, heating is stopped, the pressure is released, and the sample is cooled with the furnace.

[0061] Step S31, rolling: The sample prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering is cut off around the edges by wire cutting and then cold rolled with a reduction rate of 30-70%.

[0062] Step S32, Annealing: The cold-rolled sample is annealed in a box furnace at a temperature of 470-500℃ for 90-180 min; and aged at 120℃ for 90-180 min in a box furnace.

[0063] The layered aluminum-based composite material of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0064] The present invention aims to provide a novel layered heterostructure aluminum-based composite material with both high strength and damping properties, and its preparation method. This invention achieves atomic diffusion between different materials through vacuum hot pressing sintering, followed by cold rolling deformation to obtain a layered structure. The artificial introduction of interfaces between the different materials enhances the material's damping performance. Rolling the combined layered composite material reveals that the dislocation damping mechanism of aluminum alloys indicates that increasing the number of mobile dislocations in the material improves its damping performance. The overall mechanical properties of the layered composite material are superior to those of a single homogeneous component material. The coordinated deformation of the two different materials after introducing interfaces and the layered structure results in back stress strengthening, delayed necking, and work hardening, contributing to the material's high strength and toughness.

[0065] Depend on Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the composite material with 5083 aluminum alloy as the matrix, after annealing at 300℃ and undergoing room temperature tensile testing, achieved a tensile strength of 290 MPa and an elongation of 19.8%. Compared with 5083 aluminum alloy, the tensile strength of the layered aluminum matrix composite material increased by 32%. At room temperature, when the strain is 1.9 × 10⁻⁶, the tensile strength of the composite material is significantly higher. -3At room temperature, the damping factor tanδ of the layered aluminum matrix composite material is 0.04, which represents a 160% improvement in damping performance compared to the 5083 aluminum alloy matrix. After annealing at 475℃, the layered aluminum matrix composite material exhibits a tensile strength of 290 MPa and an elongation of 10.9% after room temperature tensile testing. The tensile strength of the layered aluminum matrix composite material is 32% higher than that of the 5083 aluminum alloy matrix; the damping factor tanδ is 0.025, representing a 67% improvement in damping performance compared to the 5083 aluminum alloy matrix. The composite material with 7075 aluminum alloy as the matrix, at room temperature, exhibits a damping factor tanδ of 0.04, which represents a 160% improvement in damping performance compared to the 5083 aluminum alloy matrix. -3 At that time, the damping factor tanδ of the layered aluminum matrix composite material was 0.036, which improved the damping performance by 260% compared with the matrix 7075 aluminum alloy.

[0066] Depend on Figure 3 It is evident that the prepared layered aluminum-based composite material exhibits good interfacial bonding. With increasing annealing temperature, the aluminum grain size increases, and intermetallic compounds appear at the interface. However, due to the excessively low annealing temperature, the stainless steel does not recrystallize and remains in a deformed state, exhibiting numerous small-angle grain boundaries. Although the aluminum grain size increases with increasing annealing temperature due to the layered structure, the strength of the composite material does not decrease. However, due to the presence of intermetallic compounds, the layered composite material first fractures at numerous brittle intermetallic compound sites, leading to a decrease in elongation. Note: Figure 3 The diagram on the left shows the hot-pressed state; Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the middle part is from Example 1; Figure 3 The schematic diagram on the right is Example 2.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, during the microplastic deformation stage, the soft aluminum layer undergoes plastic deformation, while the hard steel layer remains in an elastic deformation state. With increasing strain, a significant strain gradient is generated near the soft / hard phase interface, leading to the rapid generation and accumulation of a large number of geometrically necessary dislocations in the aluminum layer near the interface, providing a dislocation damping source for the material.

[0068] The aluminum-based composite material prepared by this invention has significantly improved strength and toughness, while its damping performance is also far superior to that of common aluminum alloys.

[0069] In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1, Assembly: Assemble the surface-treated aluminum alloy substrate and stainless steel reinforcing phase substrate in an aluminum alloy / stainless steel / aluminum alloy stacking manner. Step S2, Vacuum hot pressing composite: The laminated structure plates of the preform are placed in a vacuum hot pressing furnace for vacuum hot pressing composite; Step S3, cold rolling and annealing: The hot-pressed layered aluminum matrix composite material is cold rolled and then annealed to complete the preparation of the high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material. In step S1, the aluminum alloy substrate is 0.5mm thick 5083 aluminum alloy or 7075 aluminum alloy, the stainless steel reinforcing phase is 0.1mm thick 405 ferritic stainless steel, the aluminum alloy substrate has 4 to 6 layers, the stainless steel reinforcing phase has 3 to 5 layers, and a total of 7 to 11 layers. In step S2, the vacuum hot pressing composite process is as follows: the holding temperature during hot pressing composite is 300-500℃, the pressure is 20MPa, and the holding time is 90-300min; the pressurization is divided into three steps: the initial pressurization is carried out when the diffusion pump is preheated, with a pressure of 5MPa; when the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace starts heating, the pressure is adjusted to 10MPa; when the temperature of the vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace reaches the holding temperature, the pressure is adjusted to 20MPa.

2. The method for preparing the high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the layered aluminum matrix composite material after vacuum hot pressing is subjected to multiple cold rolling passes with a total cold rolling reduction of 30% to 70%. The cold-rolled sample is then annealed at a temperature of 300 to 500°C for 90 to 180 minutes.

3. A high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping layered aluminum matrix composite material is composed of alternating stacks of aluminum alloy layers and ferritic stainless steel layers, with a thickness ratio of 5:1 between the aluminum alloy layers and the ferritic stainless steel layers. The aluminum alloy / ferritic stainless steel layer interface forms a good metallurgical bond, and the thickness of the interface diffusion layer is 1.2 to 3.2 μm. The tensile strength of the ferritic stainless steel layer is 1.9 to 2.6 times that of the aluminum alloy layer.

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