Fishway based on space-time transformation of fish migration habit

Abstract

A fish passage based on space-time transformation of fish migration habit, comprising a fishway surrounded by a water side wall, a fishway bottom plate and a bank slope wall, a plurality of partition structures are arranged in the fishway to divide the fishway into a plurality of pool rooms, and the bottom end of the water side wall is fixedly connected to the fishway bottom plate; the bank slope wall is an active structure, a horizontal hydraulic system is arranged in the fishway bottom plate and used for pushing the bank slope wall away from or close to the water side wall; the partition structure comprises a fixed partition and an extensible guide plate; the extensible guide plate is liftable installed on the fishway bottom plate, the extensible guide plate is of an extensible structure, the extensible end of the extensible guide plate is connected to the bank slope wall and can slide up and down on the bank slope wall; the fixed partition is fixedly connected to the water side wall and the fishway bottom plate, and the fixed partition and the inner side end of the extensible guide plate are arranged in a spaced mode to form a vertical gap. In the application, the bank slope wall is arranged as an active structure, and the extensible guide plate can be lifted, so that the whole fish passage can provide flexible and changeable fishway space.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological protection of water conservancy and hydropower, and particularly relates to a fish passage based on spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fish passage facility is an artificial channel for fish to pass through the gate, dam and other buildings or natural buildings. The vertically-seamed fishway, which is widely used in China, is a fishway in which a partition and a guide plate are arranged on the two side walls of a water tank to form a vertical seam between the two side walls, thereby dividing the water tank into a series of pool rooms. In addition, the natural channel imitation is also applied in some water conservancy and hydropower projects. The natural channel imitation is mainly divided into pool shoal type and roughened slope type according to the structure.

[0003] From the actual effect, the vertically-seamed fishway has good energy dissipation effect, stable structure and continuous fish passing, but it has high requirements for the terrain and is not easy to modify. The natural channel imitation is suitable for the principle of ecological restoration, easy for fish to adapt, continuous fish passing and easy to modify, but it has poor energy dissipation effect, unstable structure, poor adaptability to water level changes and large occupation area. The conventional vertically-seamed fishway or natural channel imitation is designed as a fixed type with an unchanged internal structure. At present, there is no design method of fish passage facility that combines the advantages of the two in the industry, especially in rivers with large differences in fish species and fish passing period and obvious differences in ecological habits. For example, in the main stream of the Yangtze River, there are long-distance migratory fish such as Chinese sturgeon, the body length of which can reach 1m, and the maximum body length can reach 5m. The body length of long-distance migratory fish such as rosy bitterling can also reach about 1m. However, other short-distance migratory small fish, such as brook trout, has a body length of about 30cm, and the body length of round-mouthed brook trout is between 10-20cm, which is quite different from large and medium-sized fish.

[0004] The fishway structure in the prior art, such as the patent application with the publication number CN113047242A, discloses a bionic ecological fish passage structure based on small and micro dams, which includes a plurality of side walls. Each side wall is arranged along the river width direction at intervals. Each adjacent two rows of side walls form a level water passage, and a plurality of levels of water passages are formed. Fish resting areas and water blocking areas are arranged at intervals along the river width direction in the same level water passage, and the water passing width of the fish resting area is greater than that of the water blocking area.

[0005] For example, the patent with publication number CN202688968U discloses a vertical-seam fishway, which comprises a fishway side wall and a baffle structure. The baffle structure is arranged on the side wall and divides the fishway into multiple pool rooms. The baffle structure comprises long baffles and short baffles. The long baffles are arranged opposite to the short baffles. The long baffles and the short baffles are provided with pool room vertical seams.

[0006] The fishway structure in the prior art has a fixed width of the fishway, which cannot meet the migration space requirement of large and medium-sized fishes. The poor efficiency of the natural fishway hinders the upstream migration of small fishes. The natural fishway cannot provide small fishes with suitable and high vertical-seam flow rate, and the success rate of the small fishes passing through the fishway is low. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new fish-passing facility which can combine the advantages of the vertical-seam fishway and the natural fishway and adapt to the migration of various fishes under complex water ecological environment. SUMMARY

[0007] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a fish-passing channel based on the space-time transformation of fish migration habits, which can combine the advantages of the vertical-seam fishway and the natural fishway and adapt to the migration of various fishes under complex water ecological environment, so as to solve the above technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a fish-passing channel based on the space-time transformation of fish migration habits, which comprises a fishway surrounded by a water-side wall, a fishway bottom plate and a bank slope wall. A plurality of baffle structures are arranged in the fishway to divide the fishway into multiple pool rooms. The bottom end of the water-side wall is fixedly connected to the fishway bottom plate. The bank slope wall is a movable structure. A horizontal hydraulic system is arranged in the fishway bottom plate to push the bank slope wall away from or close to the water-side wall. The baffle structure comprises a fixed baffle and an extension guide plate. The extension guide plate is liftably installed on the fishway bottom plate and has a telescopic structure. The telescopic end of the extension guide plate is connected to the bank slope wall and can slide up and down on the bank slope wall. The fixed baffle is fixedly connected to the water-side wall and the fishway bottom plate. The fixed baffle and the inner side end of the extension guide plate are arranged in a spaced manner to form a vertical seam.

[0009] Preferably, a fishway entrance is arranged at the entrance end of the fishway, and an entrance gate is arranged at the fishway entrance. The end of the water-side wall is connected to one side column of the entrance gate, and the end of the bank slope wall is connected to the other side column of the entrance gate through a telescopic door structure.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic door structure comprises an outer door wall and an inner door wall movably arranged in the outer door wall. The outer door wall is connected to the side column of the entrance gate through a first rotating shaft. The inner door wall is connected to the bank slope wall through a second rotating shaft.

[0011] Preferably, a first horizontal guide rail pair is arranged between the inner wall of the outer door wall and the outer wall of the inner door wall.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic guide plate comprises an outer shell body and an inner plate body slidingly inserted in the outer shell body; a convex slide strip is arranged at the end of the inner plate body, and a concave slide groove is arranged on the inner wall of the bank slope side wall, the convex slide strip is connected in the concave slide groove and the two are slidingly connected.

[0013] Preferably, a second horizontal guide rail pair is arranged between the inner wall of the outer shell body and the outer wall of the inner plate body.

[0014] Preferably, a hidden groove is arranged on the fishway bottom plate, the telescopic guide plate is slidingly installed on the hidden groove, a vertical hydraulic system is arranged between the hidden groove bottom plate and the telescopic guide plate for driving the telescopic guide plate to rise or fall; a vertical guide rail pair is arranged between the hidden groove and the outer wall of the outer shell body.

[0015] Preferably, a containing cavity is arranged on the fishway bottom plate, the horizontal hydraulic system is a horizontal hydraulic rod, the horizontal hydraulic rod is installed in the containing cavity; the push rod end of the horizontal hydraulic rod is connected with the bank slope side wall; a horizontal telescopic plate is slidingly arranged above the containing cavity, and the end of the horizontal telescopic plate away from the water side wall is connected with the bank slope side wall.

[0016] Preferably, a pulley is arranged at the bottom of the bank slope side wall, and a pulley track is arranged on the fishway bottom plate; the pulley is matched with the pulley track.

[0017] Preferably, the end of the fixed partition plate away from the water side wall is bent downward along the water flow direction to form a bent part.

[0018] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the application has the following advantages:

[0019] (1) The present application sets the bank slope side wall as a movable structure, and sets the retractable guide plate that can be lifted and lowered, so that the whole fish passage can provide flexible and variable fishway space. Because the bank slope side wall can move horizontally to increase or decrease the width of the fish passage, and the retractable guide plate can move up and down in the vertical direction, and can stretch out or retract in the horizontal direction following the movement of the bank slope side wall. When the small fish passage season changes to the large and medium-sized fish passage season, the bank slope side wall expands horizontally under the pushing action of the horizontal hydraulic system, and the retractable guide plate connected with the bank slope side wall expands horizontally at the same time. By adjusting the retractable guide plate to be lowered in the vertical direction, the space on one side of the retractable guide plate can be expanded and form a stepped fish slope structure, and a short vertical seam structure can be formed between the fixed partition plate and the retractable guide plate, which meets the fish passage space and flow rate requirements of large and medium-sized fish as the main and small fish as the auxiliary. When the large and medium-sized fish passage season changes to the small fish passage season, the bank slope side wall retracts horizontally under the pulling action of the horizontal hydraulic system, and the retractable guide plate connected with the bank slope side wall retracts horizontally at the same time. Adjust the retractable guide plate to rise to the same height as the fixed partition plate to reconstitute the fishway pool, and the fixed partition plate and the retractable guide plate are arranged to form a conventional vertical seam suitable for small fish to pass through.

[0020] (2) The fish passage provided by the present application takes into account the space-time requirements of various fish migration. The fish passage in the present application is an optimized and innovative design based on the traditional vertical seam fishway, and follows the selection preference of different specifications and different flow rate preference fish for migration channels. When the large and medium-sized fish passage season comes, the traditional vertical seam fishway space is expanded, and the space on the side of the retractable guide plate is transformed into a stepped incremental fish slope structure with a certain slope; at the same time, the height of the retractable guide plate is lowered, so that a certain height of the short vertical seam is left between the fixed partition plate and the retractable guide plate, which meets the fish passage space and flow rate requirements of large and medium-sized fish as the main and small fish as the auxiliary; when the small fish passage season comes, the fish passage is restored to the traditional vertical seam fishway structure to adapt to the conventional vertical seam structure and flow rate requirements of small fish. The present application takes into account the space-time requirements of various fish species for migration channels in rivers, and conforms to the diversified migration habits of different fish. The structure is flexible and variable, the operation is stable and safe, the design is ingenious and novel, and it has a positive effect on upgrading the design concept of the most commonly used vertical seam fishway, which is a fish passage facility type. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the basis of the drawings shown.

[0022] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the fish passage in the normal vertical slit fishway state of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the fish passage in the fish slope structure state of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 The state diagram of the bank slope side wall of the fish passage of the present application not being opened (suitable for the fish passage season mainly with small fish);

[0025] Figure 4 The state diagram of the bank slope side wall of the fish passage of the present application after being opened (suitable for the fish passage season mainly with large and medium-sized fish);

[0026] Figure 5 The end view of the bank slope side wall of the fish passage of the present application not being opened;

[0027] Figure 6 The end view of the bank slope side wall of the fish passage of the present application after being opened;

[0028] Figure 7 The structural schematic diagram of the telescopic guide plate gradually descending in the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the telescopic door structure in the contracted state in the present application;

[0030] Figure 9 The schematic diagram of the telescopic door structure in the open state in the present application;

[0031] Figure 10 The structural exploded schematic diagram of the telescopic guide plate, the bank slope side wall, the horizontal hydraulic system and the horizontal telescopic plate in the present application;

[0032] Figure 11 The detailed structural diagram of the horizontal hydraulic system in the present application;

[0033] Figure 12 The detailed structural schematic diagram of the horizontal hydraulic system and the vertical hydraulic system in the present application;

[0034] Figure 13 The structural schematic diagram of the telescopic guide plate and the vertical hydraulic system in the present application;

[0035] Figure 14 The schematic diagram of the telescopic guide plate in the contracted state in the present application.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, fishway entrance; 2, entrance gate; 3, telescopic door structure; 301, first horizontal guide rail pair; 302, second rotating shaft; 303, inner door wall; 304, first rotating shaft; 305, outer door wall; 4, water side wall; 5, fixed partition; 501, bending part; 6, telescopic guide plate; 601, outer shell; 602, inner plate body; 603, bank slope wall; 604, hidden groove; 605, pulley track; 606, horizontal telescopic plate; 607, horizontal hydraulic system; 608, horizontal hydraulic rod; 609, vertical hydraulic system; 610, vertical hydraulic rod; 611, concave sliding groove; 612, pulley; 614, second horizontal guide rail pair; 615, convex sliding strip; 616, vertical guide rail pair; 7, pool chamber; 8, vertical joint; 9, accommodating cavity; 10, dam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the certain posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.

[0039] In addition, the description of "first", "second" and the like in the present application is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of a person of ordinary skill in the art, and when the combination of technical solutions contradicts each other or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] With reference to the drawings, a fish passage based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits comprises a fishway enclosed by a water-side wall 4, a fishway floor, and a bank-side wall 603. The fishway is arranged on one side of a dam 10, and a plurality of partitions and guide plates are arranged inside the fishway to divide the fishway into a plurality of chambers 7. The bottom end of the water-side wall 4 is fixed to the fishway floor. The bank-side wall 603 is a movable structure, and a horizontal hydraulic system 607 is arranged inside the fishway floor to push the bank-side wall 603 away from or close to the water-side wall 4. The partitions and guide plates comprise fixed partitions 5 and telescopic guide plates 6. The telescopic guide plates 6 are installed on the fishway floor in a lifting manner, and the telescopic guide plates 6 are telescopic structures. The telescopic ends of the telescopic guide plates 6 are connected to the bank-side wall 603 and can slide up and down on the bank-side wall 603. The fixed partitions 5 are fixed to the water-side wall 4 and the fishway floor, and are arranged at intervals with the inner ends of the telescopic guide plates 6 to form vertical joints 8.

[0041] With reference to the drawings, Figure 3 and Figure 4 An inlet 1 of the fishway is arranged at the inlet end of the fishway, and an inlet gate 2 is arranged at the inlet 1. The end of the water-side wall 4 is connected to one side column of the inlet gate 2, and the end of the bank-side wall 603 is connected to the other side column of the inlet gate 2 through a telescopic door structure 3. The inlet gate 2 is used to control the size of the inlet 1 of the fishway, so as to adjust the flow rate and flow of the water flow at the inlet 1 of the fishway. When the bank-side wall 603 is pushed away from or close to the water-side wall 4 by the horizontal hydraulic system 607, the telescopic door structure 3 can be elongated or shortened, so as to ensure that the bank-side wall 603 and the inlet gate 2 form a movable connection structure, and the water leakage phenomenon is avoided.

[0042] With reference to the drawings, Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the telescopic door structure 3 comprises an outer door wall 305 and an inner door wall 303 movably inserted inside the outer door wall 305; the outer door wall 305 is connected with the side column of the intake gate 2 through a first rotating shaft 304, and the two form a rotating connection, that is, the outer door wall 305 can rotate around the vertical first rotating shaft 304. The inner door wall 303 is connected with the bank slope side wall 603 through a second rotating shaft 302, and the two also form a rotating connection, that is, the inner door wall 303 can rotate around the vertical second rotating shaft 302. When the bank slope side wall 603 moves away from or approaches the water side wall 4 under the action of the horizontal hydraulic system 607, since the inner door wall 303 and the bank slope side wall 603 and the outer door wall 305 and the side column of the intake gate 2 can rotate, and the inner door wall 303 can extend or retract inside the outer door wall 305 following the movement of the bank slope side wall 603, the length of the telescopic door structure 3 is adjusted. Therefore, the telescopic door structure 3 can ensure that the bank slope side wall 603 and the intake gate 2 form a movable connection structure, avoiding water leakage.

[0043] In combination with Figure 9 As shown, in order to ensure the smoothness of the movement between the outer door wall 305 and the inner door wall 303, a first horizontal guide rail pair 301 is arranged between the inner wall of the outer door wall 305 and the outer wall of the inner door wall 303. By using the first horizontal guide rail pair 301, the smooth extension or retraction of the inner door wall 303 from inside the outer door wall 305 can be further ensured.

[0044] In combination with Figure 8 , Figure 9 , and Figure 10 and Figure 12 As shown, the telescopic guide plate 6 comprises an outer shell body 601 and an inner plate body 602 slidably inserted inside the outer shell body 601; a convex slide strip 615 is arranged at the end of the inner plate body 602, and a concave slide groove 611 is arranged on the inner wall of the bank slope side wall 603, and the convex slide strip 615 is clamped in the concave slide groove 611 and the two are in sliding fit. By using the clamping structure of the convex slide strip 615 and the concave slide groove 611, when the bank slope side wall 603 moves away from or approaches the water side wall 4 under the action of the horizontal hydraulic system 607, the inner plate body 602 can move together with the bank slope side wall 603, so that the inner plate body 602 can extend or retract inside the outer shell body 601. At the same time, the convex slide strip 615 and the concave slide groove 611 slide with each other, so that the telescopic guide plate 6 can move up and down.

[0045] In combination with Figure 10 As shown, in order to ensure the smoothness of the movement between the outer shell body 601 and the inner plate body 602, a second horizontal guide rail pair 614 is arranged between the inner wall of the outer shell body 601 and the outer wall of the inner plate body 602.

[0046] Combining Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown in the fishway bottom plate is provided with a slot 604, the telescopic guide plate 6 is slidingly installed on the slot 604, a vertical hydraulic system 609 is provided between the slot 604 bottom plate and the telescopic guide plate 6, for driving the telescopic guide plate 6 to rise or fall; a vertical guide rail pair 616 is provided between the slot 604 and the outer wall of the shell body 601. By setting the vertical hydraulic system 609, the telescopic guide plate 6 can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction. The slot 604 is mainly used for installing the telescopic guide plate 6, and for accommodating the vertical hydraulic system 609. The vertical hydraulic system 609 includes a support frame and a vertical hydraulic rod 610, a round gasket is provided at the lower part of the inner plate body 602, the support frame is used to support the round gasket at the lower part of the inner plate body 602, one end of the vertical hydraulic rod 610 is hinged to the support frame, the other end is hinged to the round gasket, and the telescopic guide plate 6 is controlled to rise or fall by using the telescopic control of the vertical hydraulic rod 610. By setting the vertical guide rail pair 616, while ensuring that the telescopic guide plate 6 smoothly rises or falls in the slot 604, it also has the function of limiting, specifically limiting the outer shell body 601, limiting its horizontal movement in the slot 604, more specifically, when the bank slope side wall 603 moves away from the water side wall 4, the inner plate body 602 will move with the bank slope side wall 603 and extend from the outer shell body 601, due to the limiting effect of the vertical guide rail pair 616, the outer shell body 601 can be prevented from moving with the inner plate body 602.

[0047] The telescopic guide plate 6 can be raised or lowered in the vertical direction under the action of the vertical hydraulic system 609. When the plurality of telescopic guide plates 6 are lowered to form a stepped increasing fish slope-like drop, the short vertical seam structure formed between the telescopic guide plate 6 and the partition plate 5 meets the fish passing space and fish passing flow rate requirements of large and medium-sized fish as the main and small fish as the auxiliary.

[0048] Combining Figure 8 to Figure 12 As shown in the fishway bottom plate is provided with a slot 604, the telescopic guide plate 6 is slidingly installed on the slot 604, a vertical hydraulic system 609 is provided between the slot 604 bottom plate and the telescopic guide plate 6, for driving the telescopic guide plate 6 to rise or fall; a vertical guide rail pair 616 is provided between the slot 604 and the outer wall of the shell body 601. By setting the vertical hydraulic system 609, the telescopic guide plate 6 can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction. The slot 604 is mainly used for installing the telescopic guide plate 6, and for accommodating the vertical hydraulic system 609. The vertical hydraulic system 609 includes a support frame and a vertical hydraulic rod 610, a round gasket is provided at the lower part of the inner plate body 602, the support frame is used to support the round gasket at the lower part of the inner plate body 602, one end of the vertical hydraulic rod 610 is hinged to the support frame, the other end is hinged to the round gasket, and the telescopic guide plate 6 is controlled to rise or fall by using the telescopic control of the vertical hydraulic rod 610. By setting the vertical guide rail pair 616, while ensuring that the telescopic guide plate 6 smoothly rises or falls in the slot 604, it also has the function of limiting, specifically limiting the outer shell body 601, limiting its horizontal movement in the slot 604, more specifically, when the bank slope side wall 603 moves away from the water side wall 4, the inner plate body 602 will move with the bank slope side wall 603 and extend from the outer shell body 601, due to the limiting effect of the vertical guide rail pair 616, the outer shell body 601 can be prevented from moving with the inner plate body 602.

[0049] Combining Figure 11 andFigure 12 As shown in the drawings, a pulley 612 is arranged at the bottom of the bank side wall 603, and a pulley track 605 is arranged on the fishway bottom plate; the pulley 612 cooperates with the pulley track 605. When the horizontal hydraulic rod 608 pushes the bank side wall 603 away from or close to the water side wall 4, the pulley 612 moves along the pulley track 605 to reduce the friction between the bank side wall and the fishway bottom plate, so that the horizontal hydraulic rod 608 can drive the bank side wall 603 to move using a smaller force.

[0050] In combination Figure 3 As shown in the drawings, the fixed partition plate 5 is bent downward along the water flow direction at the end away from the water side wall 4 to form a bent portion 501. By using the bent portion 501, a backflow area can be formed on the downstream side of the fixed partition plate 5 to reduce the water flow speed inside the pool chamber 7 and provide suitable hydraulic conditions for fish to pass through the vertical joints.

[0051] The operation method of the fish passage based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits provided by the application is realized by the following steps:

[0052] 1. When in the small fish passage season, the bank side wall 603 in the fish passage is not supported, and the specific structure is as follows Figure 3 As shown in the drawings, at this time, it is a conventional vertical joint type fishway, small fish enter the pool chamber 7 inside the fishway through the fishway inlet 1, and pass through the pool chamber 7 through the vertical joints 8 step by step, and finally swim out of the fishway outlet into the upstream water body.

[0053] 2. When the small fish passage season is transformed into the large and medium-sized fish passage season, the internal structure of the fishway is transformed by a series of combination modes:

[0054] ① The outer door wall 305 of the telescopic door structure 3 can rotate outward around the first rotating shaft 304, and the inner door wall 303 can be pulled out along the first horizontal guide rail pair 301, and at the same time, the inner door wall 303 can rotate around the second rotating shaft 302, so that the entire telescopic door structure 3 is opened outward, and the internal space of the fishway is expanded outward.

[0055] ② The horizontal hydraulic system 607 is started, and the bank side wall 603 is expanded horizontally outward by the horizontal hydraulic rod 608, and in this process, the bank side wall 603 moves horizontally on the pulley track 605 through the pulley 612 at the bottom; at this time, the inner plate body 602 moves together with the bank side wall 603 and slides horizontally along the second horizontal guide rail pair 614, and gradually extends out of the outer shell body 601. At this time, the length of the telescopic guide plate 6 inside the fishway increases, and the pool chamber space inside the fishway increases.

[0056] ③Start the vertical hydraulic system 609, through the vertical hydraulic rod 610 to pull the telescopic guide plate 6 down, the height of the plurality of telescopic guide plate 6 gradually reduces, at this time, the telescopic guide plate 6 gradually retracted into the dark groove 604, the telescopic guide plate 6 can be formed by each level, which has a certain drop water amplitude, a certain slope of the fish slope structure, and because the telescopic guide plate 6 still has a certain height, the telescopic guide plate 6 and the fixed partition 5 form a short vertical seam structure, the structure at this time takes into account the fish passing space and fish passing flow rate demand of large and medium-sized fish as the main, small fish as auxiliary.

[0057] ④According to the requirement of large and medium-sized fish to drop water, drop, through the vertical hydraulic system 609 to adjust the height of the guide plate, that is, the drop, so that the step drop becomes a suitable structure for large and medium-sized fish to pass through the similar natural channel.

[0058] 3, when the large and medium-sized fish passing season changes to the small fish passing season, the internal structure of the fishway is changed by series combination.

[0059] ①Start the horizontal hydraulic system 607, pull the bank slope side wall 603 through the horizontal hydraulic rod 608 to shrink, at the same time drive the horizontal telescopic plate 606 to shrink horizontally, in this process, the bank slope side wall 603 moves horizontally on the pulley track 605 through the pulley 612 at the bottom; at this time, the inner plate body 602 moves with the bank slope side wall 603, slides horizontally along the second horizontal guide rail pair 614, and gradually shrinks back to the inside of the outer shell 601. At this time, the length of the telescopic guide plate 6 in the fishway is shortened, and the pool space in the fishway is reduced.

[0060] ②Start the vertical hydraulic system 609, push the telescopic guide plate 6 up through the vertical hydraulic rod 610, make the height of the telescopic guide plate 6 gradually rise to be equal to the height of the fixed partition 5, reconstitute the fishway pool 7, and leave the vertical seam 8 between the fixed partition 5 and the telescopic guide plate 6 suitable for small fish to pass through. Small fish can pass through the fishway pool by the vertical seam 8 to complete the upstream process.

[0061] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the patent range of the present application, any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection range of the present application.

Claims

1. A fish passage based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits, comprising a fishway enclosed by a water edge wall (4), a fishway bottom plate, and a bank slope wall (603), wherein a plurality of partition structures are arranged inside the fishway to divide the fishway into a plurality of pool rooms (7), characterized in that: the bottom end of the water edge wall (4) is fixedly connected to the fishway bottom plate; the bank slope wall (603) is a movable structure, a horizontal hydraulic system (607) is arranged inside the fishway bottom plate to push the bank slope wall (603) away from or close to the water edge wall (4); the partition structure comprises a fixed partition (5) and an extensible guide plate (6); the extensible guide plate (6) is liftably installed on the fishway bottom plate and is of an extensible structure, the extensible end of the extensible guide plate (6) is connected to the bank slope wall (603) and can slide up and down on the bank slope wall (603); the fixed partition (5) is fixedly connected to the water edge wall (4) and the fishway bottom plate, and the fixed partition (5) and the inner side end of the extensible guide plate (6) are arranged in a spaced manner to form a vertical gap (8); the extensible guide plate (6) comprises an outer shell (601) and an inner plate body (602) slidingly inserted into the outer shell (601); a convex slide bar (615) is arranged at the end of the inner plate body (602), a concave slide groove (611) is arranged on the inner wall of the bank slope wall (603), the convex slide bar (615) is clamped in the concave slide groove (611) and the two are in sliding fit; a hidden groove (604) is arranged on the fishway bottom plate, the extensible guide plate (6) is slidingly installed on the hidden groove (604), a vertical hydraulic system (609) is arranged between the bottom wall of the hidden groove (604) and the extensible guide plate (6) to drive the extensible guide plate (6) to rise or fall; a vertical guide rail pair (616) is arranged between the hidden groove (604) and the outer wall of the outer shell (601). An inlet of the fishway is provided with a fishway inlet (1) and an inlet gate (2) arranged at the fishway inlet (1); one side column of the inlet gate (2) is connected to the end of the water edge wall (4), and the other side column of the inlet gate (2) is connected to the end of the bank slope wall (603) through an extensible door structure (3). The extensible door structure (3) comprises an outer door wall (305) and an inner door wall (303) movably inserted into the outer door wall (305); the outer door wall (305) is connected to the side column of the inlet gate (2) through a first rotating shaft (304); the inner door wall (303) is connected to the bank slope wall (603) through a second rotating shaft (302). A first horizontal guide rail pair (301) is arranged between the inner wall of the outer door wall (305) and the outer wall of the inner door wall (303). A second horizontal guide rail pair (614) is arranged between the inner wall of the outer shell (601) and the outer wall of the inner plate body (602).

2. The fishway based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ 3. The fishway based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits according to claim 2, characterized in that: ​ ​ ​ 4. The fishway based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits according to claim 3, characterized in that: ​ 5. The fishway based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ 6. The fishway based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits according to claim 1, characterized in that: A containing cavity (9) is arranged on the fishway bottom plate, the horizontal hydraulic system (607) is a horizontal hydraulic rod (608), the horizontal hydraulic rod (608) is installed in the containing cavity (9); the push rod end of the horizontal hydraulic rod (608) is connected with the bank slope side wall (603); a horizontal telescopic plate (606) is slidably arranged above the containing cavity (9), and one end of the horizontal telescopic plate (606) away from the water side wall (4) is connected with the bank slope side wall (603).

7. The fishway based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pulley (612) is arranged at the bottom of the bank slope side wall (603), and a pulley track (605) is arranged on the fishway bottom plate; the pulley (612) cooperates with the pulley track (605).

8. The fishway based on the spatio-temporal transformation of fish migration habits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the fixed partition plate (5) away from the water side wall (4) is bent downward along the water flow direction to form a bending part (501).

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