Tunnel blasting efficient dust removal system and operation method

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel blasting efficient dust removal system and an operation method, which comprises a water spraying area, a spraying area and a standard area which are sequentially divided between a tunnel face and a tunnel portal, a trolley which runs back and forth is arranged at the joint of the water spraying area and the spraying area, a closed curtain, a high-pressure water gun and a high-pressure pump are arranged on the trolley, the closed curtain blocks the blasting dust on the tunnel face from overflowing out of the water spraying area, the high-pressure water gun sprays water to the water spraying area and automatically strengthens and intensifies the high-pressure dust removal operation, the blasting dust diffused from the water spraying area to the spraying area is subjected to segmented and accurate spraying dust removal through a plurality of nozzles on the tunnel side wall of the spraying area, and the dust concentration after spraying diffused from the spraying area to the standard area reaches the national health standard; therefore, the dust removal system in the tunnel has the advantages of simple structure, economic saving, health and environmental protection, safety and high efficiency, high automation degree and the like, and in combination with the corresponding construction method, the dust removal system has high economic benefits, energy-saving and environmental protection benefits and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmentally friendly tunnel construction, specifically to a high-efficiency dust removal system and operating method for tunnel blasting. Background Technology

[0002] Drilling and blasting is widely used in the excavation of rock tunnels. Its principle is to use the shock wave generated by the explosion of explosives inserted into the borehole, along with the work done by the explosive material, to break the rock mass within the tunnel face area. The broken rock is then transported out of the tunnel using loading machinery and transport vehicles. However, tunnel drilling and blasting is one of the most dust-hazardous operations. The initial dust concentration after blasting is the highest, and the dust gradually diffuses out of the tunnel, exceeding the national occupational health standards. Therefore, dust control measures are needed to reduce the dust concentration. Currently, tunnel dust control methods mainly include high-pressure water dust suppression, spray water dust suppression, baghouse dust collectors, and ventilation dust suppression. Among these, ventilation dust suppression is less effective because the air outlet is far from the tunnel face, so it is mainly used for exhausting smoke from blasting holes and mobile fuel-powered construction machinery. Other dust control methods primarily rely on a combination of manual labor and machinery. Operators working in high-concentration dust environments face significant hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to study safe and efficient dust removal methods based on the different regional distribution characteristics of dust generated and diffused by tunnel drilling and blasting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a simple, economical, hygienic, environmentally friendly, safe and efficient dust removal system and operation method for tunnel blasting.

[0004] The technical problem of this invention is solved by the following technical solution:

[0005] A high-efficiency dust suppression system for tunnel blasting includes a tunnel face and tunnel entrance for drilling and blasting during the excavation of a rock tunnel. The tunnel face and tunnel entrance are sequentially divided into a water jetting zone, a spraying zone, and a standard zone. A trolley is installed at the boundary between the water jetting zone and the spraying zone, and the trolley is placed on a track along the tunnel's extension direction and travels back and forth. The trolley is equipped with a sealed curtain, a high-pressure water gun, and a high-pressure pump connected to the high-pressure water gun via a water pipe. The sealed curtain prevents blasting dust from the tunnel face from overflowing from the water jetting zone, and the high-pressure water gun sprays water into the water jetting zone, automatically concentrating and intensifying the high-pressure dust suppression operation. Several nozzles are installed on the tunnel sidewall of the spraying zone. These nozzles provide segmented and precise spraying of blasting dust diffusing from the water jetting zone to the spraying zone, ensuring that the dust concentration diffusing from the spraying zone to the standard zone after spraying meets national health standards.

[0006] The enclosed curtain confines most of the original dust generated during drilling and blasting within the water jetting zone. Automated remote control enables unmanned trolley reciprocating and automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal, achieving safe and efficient dust removal. The dust in the spray zone consists of two parts: one is the portion of the original dust generated during drilling and blasting that leaks from the enclosed curtain; the other is the remaining dust diffused after automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal in the water jetting zone. The total length of this spray zone is [length missing]. The initial dust concentration at the beginning of the spray zone was The dust concentration at the end of the spray zone is To meet hygiene standards and simplify analysis, dust diffusion is assumed to be one-dimensional, meaning it does not settle and diffuses from the beginning to the end of the spray zone. Dust diffusion is considered non-steady-state, varying over time. The dust concentration per unit area of ​​the tunnel cross-section in the spray zone can be obtained using Fick's second law. Then the following formula can be used to calculate dust diffusion:

[0007] Formula 1: Unsteady-state calculation of one-dimensional dust diffusion

[0008] Distance from the beginning of the spray area The partial differential of dust concentration per unit length at time t is divided into

[0009]

[0010] The solution to the above partial quantile equation is:

[0011]

[0012] In the formula

[0013]

[0014] Dust concentration from Reduced to standard concentration Time used Depend on Solve it;

[0015] Formula 2: Calculation of Nozzle Arrangement and Number for Segmented Precision Spray Dust Suppression

[0016] Rotary nozzles are used in the spray zone. The nozzles are horizontally installed on the top of the sidewalls on both sides of the tunnel excavation face, with a horizontal distance between the tops of the sidewalls. The horizontal projections of any three nozzles are equidistant from each other. The nozzle spray water droplet range radius is When the spray droplets from the three nozzles have a range radius The sum of the areas of the six overlapping arches intersecting the equilateral triangle is minimized, resulting in the highest water uniformity of 82.7% for sprinkler irrigation, achieving optimal spray efficiency. Since the dust concentration in the spray zone decreases from the beginning to the end, if a sprinkler head with a droplet radius of... Theoretically, it is most economical to continuously vary the spray flow rate from large to small. In practice, this is simplified to segmented precision dust removal using nozzles with modular flow rates selected in segments. Assuming the required spray flow rate for segmented precision dust removal per unit dust volume is... Furthermore, the dust concentration is uniformly distributed, with a cross-sectional area of ​​[missing information]. A Taking the division into three segments as an example, the length of each of the three segments is equal to... Then the number of nozzles in each segment is approximately: Take the nozzle For integers, the flow rates of a single Type I, Type II, and Type III nozzle in the three segments are respectively Automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal operation t After a certain time, there will be

[0017]

[0018] Formula 2 is derived from numerical calculations. It uses the number of Type I, Type II, and Type III nozzles in each segment as integers to form the equilateral triangular nozzle arrangement for each segment. The number of nozzles in the first segment is... Type I nozzles are selected at the junction of the first and second sections, and Type II nozzles are selected at the junction of the second and third sections. Based on this preliminary plan, the length of each section, the flow rate of a single nozzle in each section, and the number of nozzles are determined through experiments.

[0019] Formula 3: Calculation of Dust Removal Time

[0020] Dust removal time T After automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal in the water jet zone, the dust concentration decreased from [previous value]. Down to Time used After precise spray dust removal in segmented areas, the dust concentration decreased from... Down to Time used The spray zone continues to precisely spray dust in sections, reducing the dust concentration in the water jet zone from... Reduced to standard concentration Time used The sum, These are the average times taken for each corresponding unit concentration decrease within the three time periods mentioned above;

[0021]

[0022] In the formula

[0023] Approximately from The solution is that, due to the continued spraying effect in the spray zone, Less than this value;

[0024] The symbols in Formulas 1 through 3 are defined as follows:

[0025] —These represent the horizontal projection distances of any three rotating nozzles within the spray zone, and the radius of the spray droplet range. ;

[0026] A —The cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, ;

[0027] —Any area in the spray zone The concentration of dust at the location, ;

[0028] —These represent the total dust volume in the first, second, and third segments of the spray zone, respectively, taking the zone as an example. ;

[0029] —The diffusion coefficient of dust is a constant and can be determined by consulting relevant literature or through experiments. ;

[0030] —These represent the initial dust concentration in the water jet zone, t The dust concentration at the beginning of the spray zone, the dust concentration at the end of the spray zone, and the concentration meeting the national dust hygiene standard after a certain time. ;

[0031] —These represent the one-dimensional dust diffusion time and the dust concentration at the beginning of the spray zone, respectively. Reduced to the national dust hygiene standard concentration , s ;

[0032] —The dust concentration after automatic centralized enhanced high-pressure dust removal in the water jet zone was changed from... Down to Time used After precise spray dust removal in segmented areas, the dust concentration decreased from... Down to Time used The spray zone continues to precisely spray dust in sections, reducing the dust concentration in the water jet zone from... Reduced to standard concentration Time used The sum, s ;

[0033] —The dust concentration after automatic centralized enhanced high-pressure dust removal in the water jet zone was changed from... Down to Time used The average time for the dust concentration to decrease per unit area, and the dust concentration after segmented precision spray dust removal in the spray zone are all related to the following: Down to Time used The average time required to reduce the unit concentration within the spray zone, along with segmented and precise spraying for dust removal, resulted in a reduction in dust concentration in the water jet zone from... Reduced to standard concentration Time used The average time required for a unit concentration to decrease is determined by empirical methods, analogies, or experiments. ;

[0034] —The number of nozzles in each of the three sections, rounded to the nearest integer;

[0035] —The lengths of the water jet zone, the spray zone, and the standard zone are determined based on specific conditions. ;

[0036] —These represent the lengths and average lengths of each segment of the spray area, taking a three-segment division as an example. , ;

[0037] —These are the reciprocals of the dust diffusion coefficient. The required spray flow rate for dust removal per unit dust concentration is determined by empirical methods, analogy methods, or experiments. ;

[0038] —These represent the flow rates of a single Type I, Type II, and Type III nozzle in the three sections of the spray zone. .

[0039] The trolley consists of a frame, moving wheels set at the bottom of the frame and traveling back and forth on a track, a ladder set on one side of the frame, and a working platform set on the top of the frame; arched steel plates are installed on both sides and the top of the frame, the shape of which is the same as the outline of the tunnel excavation face, and a gap of 5cm to 10cm is reserved between the arched steel plates and the outline of the tunnel excavation face.

[0040] The enclosed curtain consists of multiple rectangular rubber plates bolted to an arched steel plate and arranged in parallel. The top of each rectangular rubber plate extends 5cm to 10cm beyond the top of the arched steel plate and fits against the outline of the tunnel excavation face. Each pair of adjacent rectangular rubber plates overlaps each other by 2cm to 3cm to form an elastic shielding structure. The upper part of the enclosed curtain is provided with multiple spray gun holes for the high-pressure water gun to spray water into the water-jetting area.

[0041] The high-pressure pump generates a water pressure of 1MPa to 10MPa and provides a water flow rate of 100L / min to 200L / min for the high-pressure water gun, which uses an atomizing nozzle.

[0042] A drive motor is installed inside the frame. This drive motor drives the moving wheels under automatic remote control and unmanned operation. Automatic dust concentration detectors are installed on the tunnel sidewalls and the trolley. After the high-pressure water gun sprays water into the water spraying area and automatically concentrates to enhance high-pressure dust removal, the dust concentration data is fed back by the automatic dust concentration detector. Then, the drive motor is automatically remotely controlled to drive the moving wheels along the track to form the trolley's unmanned automatic forward or backward operation. The power supply and cable retraction are also automatically remotely controlled, as well as the water supply and water pipe retraction of the high-pressure water gun.

[0043] The aforementioned nozzles include Type I, Type II, and Type III nozzles, which are sequentially arranged on the tunnel sidewalls of the spray area along the tunnel extension direction. The Type I, Type II, and Type III nozzles have the same spray droplet range radius and elevation angle but different spray flow rates, and are arranged in a quincunx-shaped equilateral triangle combination in the spray area.

[0044] The track has two parallel tracks along the tunnel extension direction; the frame is laid across the two tracks, and a passage area is reserved in the middle of the frame between the two tracks; the enclosed curtain is set in the passage area.

[0045] The tunnel is equipped with drainage pipes on both sides that extend out of the tunnel entrance and flow into a sedimentation tank outside the tunnel. The tunnel is also equipped with a ventilation system.

[0046] An operation method for a high-efficiency dust removal system for tunnel blasting includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Make the trolley and enclose the curtain.

[0048] 1. Determine the tunnel drilling and blasting construction plan based on the design drawings and geological conditions;

[0049] 2. Based on the tunnel cross-sectional dimensions, determine the dimensions of the trolley and enclosed curtain structure;

[0050] 3. Select qualified materials to manufacture the trolley or modify the existing secondary lining steel reinforcement trolley, install a closed curtain on the trolley, and inspect it to ensure it passes inspection;

[0051] 4. Based on the dust concentration requirements, water injection pressure, water injection flow rate, atomization parameters, and trolley running speed of each section, the system can be operated automatically and remotely.

[0052] 5. Passed the test and inspection of the test section;

[0053] 6. Gradually advance the position of the trolley according to the progress of tunnel drilling and blasting excavation;

[0054] Step 2: Preliminary division of the water jet zone, spray zone, and standard zone; selection of nozzle specifications and quantity; and determination of nozzle installation spacing.

[0055] 1. Based on past construction experience, relevant data, or by testing the maximum concentration of drilling and blasting dust in a test section;

[0056] 2. Preliminary division of the water jetting area, spraying area, and standard area lengths;

[0057] 3. Based on the pressure, flow rate, and atomization requirements of the high-pressure water, select the specifications and models of the high-pressure pump, high-pressure water gun, and atomizing nozzle, and test them to ensure they meet the requirements;

[0058] 4. Calculate the number of nozzles, flow rate, and installation spacing in the spray zone using Formula 1 and Formula 2; determine these parameters using analogy or field testing. ;

[0059] 5. Using integer numbers of Type I, Type II, and Type III nozzles for each segment, arrange them into equilateral triangular nozzle combinations. The number of nozzles in the first segment is... Type I nozzles are selected at the junction of the first and second sections, and Type II nozzles are selected at the junction of the second and third sections. Based on this preliminary plan, the length of each section, the flow rate of a single nozzle in each section, and the number of nozzles are determined through experiments.

[0060] 6. Calculate using Formula 3 The timeframe can be determined using analogy or field testing.

[0061] Step 3: Install the spray nozzles in the spray area

[0062] 1. Measure and lay out to determine the planar position and height of the three sections for installing Type I, Type II, and Type III sprinklers. The planar position of each section is a plum blossom-shaped equilateral triangle arrangement of sprinklers.

[0063] 2. Install Type I, Type II, and Type III sprinklers according to the designed locations and connect them to the water supply pipe;

[0064] 3. Install an automatic dust concentration detector at the beginning and middle of each side wall of each section of the spray area;

[0065] 4. The three types of nozzles in the spray area and the automatic dust concentration detector automatically and remotely detect dust concentration and spray patterns;

[0066] Step 4: Water jet dust removal in the water jet zone

[0067] 1. When loading explosives into the tunnel rock borehole, the forklift will laterally separate the multiple rectangular rubber plates of the enclosed curtain from the central symmetrical position, and use steel wire ropes to tie the rectangular rubber plates to the frame on both sides of the trolley, leaving space for construction vehicles to pass through.

[0068] 2. When the drilling and charging of explosives in the tunnel rock is completed and blasting is imminent, untie the steel wire rope, restore the rectangular rubber plate to the closed state, and evacuate personnel.

[0069] 3. After confirming that there are no duds during the designated blasting time, the trolley, high-pressure pump and high-pressure water gun will be automatically started by remote control to carry out automatic movement and water spraying operations, including the trolley's reciprocating movement and water spraying operations.

[0070] 4. The water jet dust removal in the water jet zone ends after the set dust concentration is reached, based on the feedback data from the automatic dust concentration detector installed on the trolley.

[0071] Step 5: Dust removal in the spray area

[0072] 1. After the water jetting in the water jetting area ends and dust removal is completed, the automatic dust concentration detector is automatically activated by remote control to detect the dust concentration and various nozzles are automatically activated by remote control to spray dust removal.

[0073] 2. The automatic dust concentration detector automatically detects dust concentration via remote control throughout the entire process. If the dust concentration meets the requirements, it will automatically stop the nozzle spraying via remote control.

[0074] Compared with existing technologies, this invention mainly provides a high-efficiency dust removal system and operation method for tunnel blasting. The system includes dividing the tunnel from the drilling and blasting face to the tunnel entrance into a water jetting zone, a spraying zone, and a standard zone during the excavation of a rock tunnel. A trolley is set at the boundary between the water jetting zone and the spraying zone. The trolley is equipped with a closed curtain to prevent the overflow of blasting dust, a high-pressure water gun, and a high-pressure pump connected to the high-pressure water gun through a water pipe. The trolley can be automatically remotely controlled to achieve unmanned operation, automatic centralized and enhanced high-pressure dust removal, and can travel back and forth on the track or brake to stop. At the same time, for the dust that diffuses from the water jetting zone to the spraying zone, the spray flow rate of the nozzles can be optimized and scientifically set according to different dust concentrations to further segment and precisely remove dust, so that the dust concentration that diffuses from the spraying zone to the standard zone after spraying can meet the national health standards. Based on the above structural design, this invention has the following advantages: First, a movable enclosed curtain is set at a safe distance outside the tunnel face. In addition to reducing the impact wave on the tunnel rock slope, it can also contain most of the blasting dust in the water jetting zone, where high-pressure water guns can spray water unmanned and automatically concentrate and enhance dust removal, effectively improving dust removal efficiency and ensuring the health and safety of construction personnel. Second, dust in the spraying zone is further divided into precise zones for dust removal through optimized and scientifically designed nozzle spray flow rates. This is highly targeted, optimized, efficient, and cost-effective. Third, the mixture of dust and dust removal water can be recycled after sedimentation and purification, without polluting the environment and saving energy and reducing emissions. Fourth, an exhaust system is installed in the tunnel to drain and remove dust together with the above system. Based on the real-time detection data of the automatic dust concentration detector, the exhaust and dust removal devices are coordinated and operated by automatic remote control, saving electricity, improving equipment utilization, and increasing automation. Fifth, the provided design calculation method is clear in principle, scientifically reasonable, practical, and easy to implement. It can guide the design, installation, and operation of a safe and efficient dust removal system for tunnel drilling and blasting, and also improves safety performance and dust removal efficiency. Therefore, this invention is a simple, economical, hygienic, environmentally friendly, safe, efficient, and highly automated high-efficiency dust removal system for tunnel drilling and blasting. It embodies the people-oriented and green engineering construction concepts, and when combined with appropriate construction methods, it has high economic, energy-saving, environmental protection, and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0075] Figure 1 This is a schematic elevation view of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view.

[0077] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the trolley's structure.

[0078] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a closed curtain.

[0079] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle arrangement in the spray zone. Detailed Implementation

[0080] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0081] like Figures 1-5 As shown, 1. Tunnel, 11. Working face, 12. Water jetting area, 13. Spraying area, 14. Standard area, 15. Track, 2. Trolley, 21. Frame, 22. Moving wheels, 23. Ladder, 24. Arched steel plate, 25. Working platform, 26. Passage area, 3. Enclosed curtain, 31. Rectangular rubber plate, 32. Bolt, 33. Spray gun hole, 4. Drive motor, 5. High-pressure pump, 6. Nozzle, 61. Type I nozzle, 62. Type II nozzle, 63. Type III nozzle.

[0082] A high-efficiency dust removal system for tunnel blasting and its operation method, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this relates to the field of environmentally friendly tunnel construction, and its structure includes the tunnel face 11, which needs to be drilled and blasted during the excavation and construction of a rock tunnel, and the tunnel entrance, etc.

[0083] The tunnel 1 is a structure through which the road passes through the strata. When the tunnel 1 is constructed using the drill and blast method, a large amount of dust is generated. The working face 11 is the working face that is continuously advanced during the excavation of the tunnel. According to the dust distribution during the tunnel excavation drill and blast method, the area from the working face to the tunnel entrance can be divided into a water jetting zone 12, a spray zone 13, and a standard zone 14.

[0084] The dust suppression process in the water jet zone 12 and spray zone 13 of this invention involves the interaction and condensation of water mist and dust to remove dust. Water is atomized into fine water droplets and sprayed into the air, causing them to collide and contact with dust particles, resulting in the dust particles being adsorbed into the water and falling with the droplets. The water spray not only adsorbs dust but also dissolves some harmful gases, lowers the temperature inside the tunnel, and makes the air inside the tunnel fresher. In particular, the emulsion explosives widely used in tunnel construction are mainly composed of oxidizer aqueous solutions, fuel oil, emulsifiers, and high-heat agents. After explosion, they produce a large amount of gas, some of which are extremely harmful to the human body. Water mist can effectively purify these harmful gases, such as CO2, NO2, SO2, and NH3.

[0085] A trolley 2 is installed at the junction of the water jetting zone 12 and the spray zone 13. The trolley is placed on the track 15 set along the extension direction of the tunnel and travels back and forth.

[0086] The track 15 is a running rail for the trolley 2. The track 15 has two parallel tracks along the tunnel extension direction and is shared with the existing secondary lining trolley track.

[0087] The trolley 2 is made of steel and consists of a frame 21, moving wheels 22, a ladder 23, an arched steel plate 24, and a working platform 25. It can be automatically controlled by remote control and driven by a drive motor 4 installed in the frame 21 to move the trolley 2 forward or backward without human intervention. The frame 21 is the main frame of the trolley 2, which is laid across two tracks 15 and has a reserved passage area 26 in the center for construction vehicles to pass through. The moving wheels 22 are located at the bottom of the frame 21 and are the wheels for the trolley 2 to move back and forth on the tracks 15. The ladder 23 is located on one side of the frame 21 and is used by operators to get on and off the trolley 2. The working platform 25 is located on the top of the frame 21 and is the platform for operators to work on. The arched steel plate 24 is a steel plate installed on both sides and the arch of the frame 21. Its shape is the same as the outline of the tunnel excavation face and a 5cm to 10cm gap is reserved between it and the outline of the tunnel excavation face to prevent the tunnel excavation face from being under-excavated and obstructing the passage of the trolley 2.

[0088] The drive motor 4 is the motor that drives the trolley. It can be automatically driven by remote control so that the driverless trolley can move forward, backward or brake to stop in the water jetting zone 12. It can also automatically control power supply and cable winding and unwinding. Automatic dust concentration detectors are installed on the tunnel sidewalls and the trolley.

[0089] The trolley 2 is also equipped with a closed curtain 3, a high-pressure water gun, and a high-pressure pump 5 connected to the high-pressure water gun via a water pipe. The closed curtain 3 prevents the blasting dust on the working face 11 from overflowing from the water jetting area 12. The high-pressure water gun sprays water into the water jetting area 12 and automatically concentrates and intensifies the high-pressure dust removal operation.

[0090] The enclosed curtain 3 consists of multiple rectangular rubber plates 31 fixed to the arched steel plate 24 by bolts 32 and arranged in parallel. The upper end of each rectangular rubber plate 31 extends 5cm to 10cm beyond the top of the arched steel plate 24 and fits against the outline of the tunnel excavation face. Each pair of adjacent rectangular rubber plates 31 overlaps each other by 2cm to 3cm to form an elastic shielding structure, which basically shields the shock wave and dust generated by excavation and blasting inside the tunnel across the entire cross section. The rectangular rubber plates 31 are sheet products with a certain thickness and strength, made of rubber as the main material through vulcanization. They can also be replaced by decommissioned rubber conveyor belts, which makes use of waste and saves costs. The upper part of the enclosed curtain 3 is provided with multiple spray gun holes 33, which are reserved holes for high-pressure water guns to spray water into the water spraying area 12 and remove dust.

[0091] The high-pressure pump 5 generates a water pressure of 1MPa to 10MPa, and the high-pressure water gun has a spray flow rate of 100L / min to 200L / min. The high-pressure water gun uses an atomizing nozzle, which can automatically concentrate and enhance high-pressure dust removal within the water spraying zone 12. The data is fed back by the remote-controlled automatic dust concentration detector on the trolley 2, which then automatically controls the trolley 2 to move forward or backward without human intervention, spraying water in the water spraying zone 12 for concentrated and powerful dust removal. The water spraying in the water spraying zone ends after the set dust concentration is reached. The water supply and water pipe opening and closing of the high-pressure water gun can also be automatically controlled remotely.

[0092] The tunnel sidewall of the spray zone 13 is equipped with several nozzles 6. These nozzles form a segmented and precise spray to remove blasting dust that diffuses from the water jet zone 12 to the spray zone 13, and ensure that the dust concentration that diffuses from the spray zone 13 to the standard zone 14 after spraying meets the national health standards.

[0093] The aforementioned nozzles 6 include Type I nozzles 61, Type II nozzles 62, and Type III nozzles 63, which are sequentially arranged on the tunnel sidewalls of the spray area 13 along the tunnel extension direction. Type I nozzles 61, Type II nozzles 62, and Type III nozzles 63 are dust removal spray nozzles for the spray area 13. The three types of nozzles have the same spray droplet range radius and elevation angle, but different spray flow rates. They are arranged in a quincunx-shaped equilateral triangle combination in the spray area 13. The three types of nozzles 6 in the spray area 13 are automatically remotely controlled by an automatic dust concentration detector, which automatically detects the concentration, sprays, and activates and deactivates the dust removal spray nozzles.

[0094] The mixture of dust and dust removal water inside the tunnel can flow into a sedimentation tank outside the tunnel through drainage pipes on both sides of the tunnel. After sedimentation and purification, it can be recycled as dust removal water. At the same time, the ventilation system inside the tunnel is coordinated with the drainage and dust removal system. Based on the real-time detection data of the automatic dust concentration detector, the operation of the ventilation system and the dust removal system is automatically and remotely coordinated.

[0095] The enclosed curtain 3 confines most of the original dust generated during drilling and blasting within the water jetting zone 12. Safe and efficient dust removal is achieved through automatic remote control of the unmanned trolley 2's reciprocating movement and automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal. The dust in the spray zone 13 consists of two parts: one is the portion of the original dust generated during drilling and blasting that leaks from the enclosed curtain, and the other is the remaining dust diffused after automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal in the water jetting zone. The total length of this spray zone is [length missing]. The initial dust concentration at the beginning of spray zone 13 was The dust concentration at the end of spray zone 13 is To meet hygiene standards and simplify analysis, dust diffusion is assumed to be one-dimensional, meaning it does not settle and diffuses from the beginning to the end of the spray zone. Dust diffusion is considered non-steady-state, varying over time. The dust concentration per unit area of ​​the tunnel cross-section in the spray zone can be obtained using Fick's second law. Then the following formula can be used to calculate dust diffusion:

[0096] Formula 1: Unsteady-state calculation of one-dimensional dust diffusion

[0097] 13 meters from the spray zone The partial differential of dust concentration per unit length at time t is divided into

[0098]

[0099] The solution to the above partial quantile equation is:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula

[0102]

[0103] Dust concentration from Reduced to standard concentration Time used Depend on Solve it;

[0104] Formula 2: Calculation of Nozzle Arrangement and Number for Segmented Precision Spray Dust Suppression

[0105] Rotary nozzles 6 are used in spray zone 13. The nozzles are horizontally installed on the top of the sidewalls on both sides of the tunnel excavation face, with a horizontal distance between the tops of the sidewalls. The horizontal projections of any three nozzles 6 are equidistant from each other. The nozzle spray water droplet range radius is When the spray droplets from the three nozzles have a range radius The sum of the areas of the six overlapping arches intersecting the equilateral triangle is minimized, resulting in the highest water uniformity of 82.7% for sprinkler irrigation, achieving optimal spray efficiency. Since the dust concentration in the spray zone decreases from the beginning to the end, if a sprinkler head with a droplet radius of... Theoretically, it is most economical to continuously vary the spray flow rate from large to small. In practice, this is simplified to segmented precision dust removal using nozzles with modular flow rates selected in segments. Assuming the required spray flow rate for segmented precision dust removal per unit dust volume is... Furthermore, the dust concentration is uniformly distributed, with a cross-sectional area of ​​[missing information]. A Taking the division into three segments as an example, the length of each of the three segments is equal to... Then the number of nozzles in each segment is approximately: Take the nozzle For integers, the flow rates of individual Type I nozzle 61, Type II nozzle 62, and Type III nozzle 63 in the three segments are respectively Automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal operation t After a certain time, there will be

[0106]

[0107] Formula 2 is derived from numerical calculations. It uses the number of Type I, Type II, and Type III nozzles in each segment as integers to form the equilateral triangular nozzle arrangement for each segment. The number of nozzles in the first segment is... Type I nozzles are selected at the junction of the first and second sections, and Type II nozzles are selected at the junction of the second and third sections. Based on this preliminary plan, the length of each section, the flow rate of a single nozzle in each section, and the number of nozzles are determined through experiments.

[0108] Formula 3: Calculation of Dust Removal Time

[0109] Dust removal time T After automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal in the water jet zone, the dust concentration decreased from [previous value]. Down to Time used After precise spraying in 13 segments of the spray area, the dust concentration decreased from... Down to Time used The spray zone continues to precisely spray dust in sections, reducing the dust concentration in the water jet zone from... Reduced to standard concentration Time used The sum, These are the average times taken for each corresponding unit concentration decrease within the three time periods mentioned above;

[0110]

[0111] In the formula

[0112] Approximately from The solution is that, due to the continued spraying effect in spray zone 13, Less than this value;

[0113] The symbols in Formulas 1 through 3 are defined as follows:

[0114] —These represent the horizontal projection distances of any three rotating nozzles (6) within the spray zone 13, and the spray droplet radius of each nozzle. ;

[0115] A —The cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, ;

[0116] —Any of the 13 spray zones The concentration of dust at the location, ;

[0117] —These represent the total dust volume of the first segment, the total dust volume of the second segment, and the total dust volume of the third segment of the spray zone 13, taking it as an example of dividing the zone into three segments. ;

[0118] —The diffusion coefficient of dust is a constant and can be determined by consulting relevant literature or through experiments. ;

[0119] —These represent the initial dust concentrations in the water jet zone 12, t The dust concentration at the beginning of spray zone 13, the dust concentration at the end of spray zone 13, and the concentration meeting the national dust hygiene standard after a certain time. ;

[0120] —These represent the one-dimensional dust diffusion time and the dust concentration at the beginning of the spray zone, respectively. Reduced to the national dust hygiene standard concentration , s ;

[0121] —The dust concentration after automatic centralized enhanced high-pressure dust removal in the water jet zone 12 was reduced from Down to Time used After precise spraying in 13 segments of the spray area, the dust concentration decreased from... Down to Time used The spray zone continues to precisely spray dust in sections, reducing the dust concentration in the water jet zone from... Reduced to standard concentration Time used The sum, s ;

[0122] —The dust concentration after automatic centralized enhanced high-pressure dust removal in the water jet zone 12 was reduced from Down to Time used The average time for the concentration to decrease per unit area, and the dust concentration after 13-segment precision spray dust removal in the spray zone. Down to Time used The average time required to reduce the unit concentration within the spray zone, along with segmented and precise spraying for dust removal, resulted in a reduction in dust concentration in the water jet zone from... Reduced to standard concentration Time used The average time required for a unit concentration to decrease is determined by empirical methods, analogies, or experiments. ;

[0123] —The number of nozzles in each of the three sections, rounded to the nearest integer;

[0124] —The length of the water jet zone 12 is determined by the safe blasting distance, and the lengths of the spray zone 13 and the standard zone are determined based on specific circumstances. ;

[0125] —These represent the lengths and average lengths of each segment of spray zone 13, taking it as an example of dividing it into three sections. , ;

[0126] —These are the reciprocals of the dust diffusion coefficient. The required spray flow rate for dust removal per unit dust concentration is determined by empirical methods, analogy methods, or experiments. ;

[0127] —These represent the flow rates of individual Type I nozzles 61, Type II nozzles 62, and Type III nozzles 63 in the three segments of spray zone 13, respectively. .

[0128] The operation method of a high-efficiency dust removal system for tunnel blasting mainly includes the following steps:

[0129] Step 1: Make the trolley and enclose the curtain.

[0130] 1. Determine the tunnel drilling and blasting construction plan based on the design drawings and geological conditions;

[0131] 2. Based on the tunnel cross-sectional dimensions, determine the dimensions of the trolley and enclosed curtain structure;

[0132] 3. Select qualified materials to manufacture the trolley or modify the existing secondary lining steel reinforcement trolley, install a closed curtain on the trolley, and inspect it to ensure it passes inspection;

[0133] 4. Based on the dust concentration requirements, water injection pressure, water injection flow rate, atomization parameters, and trolley running speed of each section, the system can be operated automatically and remotely.

[0134] 5. Passed the test and inspection of the test section;

[0135] 6. According to the progress of tunnel drilling and blasting excavation, gradually advance the trolley to position 2;

[0136] Step 2: Preliminary division of the water jet zone, spray zone, and standard zone; selection of nozzle specifications and quantity; and determination of nozzle installation spacing.

[0137] 1. Based on past construction experience, relevant data, or by testing the maximum concentration of drilling and blasting dust in a test section;

[0138] 2. Preliminary division of the lengths of the water jetting zone 12, the spray zone 13, and the standard zone 14;

[0139] 3. Based on the pressure, flow rate, and atomization requirements of the high-pressure water, select the specifications and models of the high-pressure pump, high-pressure water gun, and atomizing nozzle, and test them to ensure they meet the requirements;

[0140] 4. Calculate the number of nozzles, flow rate, and installation spacing in spray zone 13 using Formulas 1 and 2; determine these parameters using analogy or field testing. ;

[0141] 5. Using integer numbers of Type I nozzles (61), Type II nozzles (62), and Type III nozzles (63) from each segment, arrange them into equilateral triangular nozzle combinations for each segment. The number of nozzles in the first segment is... Type I nozzles are selected at the junction of the first and second sections, and Type II nozzles are selected at the junction of the second and third sections. Based on this preliminary plan, the length of each section, the flow rate of a single nozzle in each section, and the number of nozzles are determined through experiments.

[0142] 6. Calculate using Formula 3 The timeframe can be determined using analogy or field testing.

[0143] Step 3: Install the spray nozzles in the spray area

[0144] 1. Measure and lay out to determine the planar position and height of the three sections for installing Type I sprinkler head 61, Type II sprinkler head 62, and Type III sprinkler head 63. The planar position of each section is a plum blossom-shaped equilateral triangle arrangement of sprinkler heads.

[0145] 2. Install Type I, Type II, and Type III sprinklers according to the designed locations and connect them to the water supply pipe;

[0146] 3. Install an automatic dust concentration detector at the beginning and middle of each side wall of each section of the spray zone 13;

[0147] 4. The three types of nozzles 6 in spray zone 13 and the automatic dust concentration detector automatically and remotely detect dust concentration and spray;

[0148] Step 4: Water jet dust removal in the water jet zone

[0149] 1. When drilling and loading explosives in the tunnel rock, the forklift will separate the multiple rectangular rubber plates 31 of the enclosed curtain 3 laterally from the central symmetrical position, and tie the rectangular rubber plates to the frame 21 on both sides of the trolley 2 with steel wire rope, leaving the passage area 26 for construction vehicles to pass through.

[0150] 2. When the drilling and charging of explosives in the tunnel rock is completed and blasting is imminent, untie the wire rope, restore the rectangular rubber plate 31 to the closed state, and evacuate personnel;

[0151] 3. After confirming that there are no duds during the designated blasting time, the trolley 2 and high-pressure pump 5 are automatically started by remote control and the high-pressure water gun is started to carry out automatic movement and water spraying operations, including the trolley 2 moving back and forth and water spraying operations.

[0152] 4. The water jet dust removal in the water jet zone ends after the set dust concentration is reached, based on the feedback data from the automatic dust concentration detector set on trolley 2.

[0153] Step 5: Dust removal in the spray area

[0154] 1. After the water jetting in the water jetting zone 12 is completed and dust removal is finished, the automatic dust concentration detector is automatically activated by remote control to detect the dust concentration and the various nozzles 6 are automatically activated by remote control to spray dust removal.

[0155] 2. The automatic dust concentration detector automatically detects dust concentration via remote control throughout the entire process. If the dust concentration meets the requirements, it will automatically stop the nozzle spraying via remote control.

[0156] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that any structural design equivalent to this embodiment should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency dust removal system for tunnel blasting, comprising a tunnel face (11) to be drilled and blasted in the excavation construction of a stone tunnel (1) and a tunnel portal, characterized in that The tunnel face (11) and the tunnel portal are divided into a water jet area (12), a spray area (13) and a standard area (14) in sequence, the water jet area (12) and the spray area (13) are provided with a trolley (2), and the trolley is arranged on a track (15) arranged along the tunnel extension direction and walks back and forth; the trolley (2) is provided with a closed curtain (3), a high-pressure water gun, and a high-pressure pump (5) connected with the high-pressure water gun through a water pipe, the closed curtain (3) blocks the blasting dust on the tunnel face (11) from overflowing out of the water jet area (12), the high-pressure water gun sprays water to the water jet area (12) and automatically concentrates and strengthens the high-pressure dust removal operation; the tunnel side wall of the spray area (13) is provided with a plurality of spray heads (6), the plurality of spray heads form segmented and accurate spray dust removal to the blasting dust diffused from the water jet area (12) to the spray area (13), and the dust concentration of the dust diffused from the spray area (13) to the standard area (14) after spraying reaches the national health standard; the trolley (2) is composed of a framework (21), a moving wheel (22) arranged at the bottom of the framework and walking on the track (15), a crawling ladder (23) arranged on one side of the framework, and a working platform (25) arranged on the top of the framework; the framework (21) is provided with arched steel plates (24) on both sides and the top, the shape of the arched steel plates is the same as the tunnel excavation face contour line, and a gap of 5cm-10cm is reserved between the arched steel plates and the tunnel excavation face contour line; the closed curtain (3) is composed of a plurality of rectangular rubber plates (31) fixed on the arched steel plates (24) by bolts (32) and arranged in parallel, the upper end of each rectangular rubber plate (31) extends 5cm-10cm above the top of the arched steel plate and is attached to the tunnel excavation face contour line, and each adjacent two rectangular rubber plates (31) are inserted into each other and overlapped by 2cm-3cm to form an elastic shelter structure; a plurality of spray gun holes (33) for the high-pressure water gun to spray water to the water jet area are arranged on the upper part of the closed curtain (3); The drive machine (4) is installed in the framework (21), the drive machine drives the moving wheel by automatic remote control without manual operation, an automatic dust concentration detector is installed on the tunnel side wall and the trolley (2), after the high-pressure water gun sprays water to the water jet area (12) and automatically concentrates and strengthens the high-pressure dust removal, the dust concentration data is fed back by the automatic dust concentration detector, and then the drive machine (4) drives the moving wheel (22) to form the forward operation or the backward operation of the trolley by automatic remote control along the track (15), and the automatic remote control power supply and cable winding and unwinding, and the water supply and water pipe winding and unwinding of the high-pressure water gun are realized; The plurality of spray heads (6) include type I spray heads (61), type II spray heads (62) and type III spray heads (63) arranged on the tunnel side wall of the spray area (13) in sequence along the tunnel extension direction, the spray water droplet spray range radius and the spray angle of the type I spray heads, the type II spray heads and the type III spray heads are the same, and the water flow is different, and the spray heads are arranged in a plum blossom shape of segmented equilateral triangle in the spray area (13).

2. The tunnel blasting high-efficiency dust removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that The closed curtain (3) encloses most of the original dust generated by drilling and blasting in the water jet area (12), and through the automatic remote control, the unmanned trolley (2) walks back and forth and automatically concentrates the high-pressure dust removal operation, realizing safe and efficient dust removal; The dust in the spray area (13) is composed of two parts: one is the part of the original dust generated by drilling and blasting leaking from the closed curtain, and the other is the residual dust diffusion after the water jet area is automatically concentrated and the high-pressure dust removal is strengthened. The full length of the spray area (13) is , the initial dust concentration at the first end of the spray area (13) is , and the dust concentration at the end of the spray area (13) is , which meets the health standards. In order to simplify the analysis, the dust does not settle and diffuses from the first end to the end of the spray area, that is, one-dimensional diffusion, and the dust diffusion changes with time, that is, non-steady-state diffusion. According to the second law of Fick, the dust concentration per unit area of the cross section of the spray area tunnel is , so the following dust diffusion calculation formula is obtained: Formula one, one-dimensional diffusion non-steady-state calculation of dust Distance from the front end of the spray zone (13) The partial derivative of the concentration of dust at time t per unit length t is The above partial differential equation solution is In the formula The dust concentration is reduced from the standard concentration in the time taken by solved; Formula two, segment precision spray dust spray head (6) layout and number of spray head calculation The rotating spray head (6) is used in the spray area (13), the spray head is horizontally installed on the top of the side wall of the tunnel excavation surface, the horizontal distance between the top of the side wall is , the horizontal projection of any three spray heads (6) is equidistant , the spray range radius of the spray head is , when the spray range radius of the three spray heads is the minimum of the sum of the six overlapping arch areas of the equilateral triangle, the uniformity of the spray irrigation is the highest 82.7%, the best spray efficiency is achieved; since the concentration of the dust in the spray area diffuses from the first end to the last end, if the spray range radius of the spray head is , the theoretical spray flow also continuously changes from large to small, which is the most economical, in the actual work, the modular flow spray head is selected for segmental accurate dust removal; assuming that the spray segmental accurate dust removal flow of the spray head required by the unit dust amount is , and the dust concentration is uniformly distributed, the cross-sectional area is A , the spray area is divided into three segments, the length of each segment is equal to , the number of spray heads in each segment is approximately , the spray head is an integer, the flow of the single I type spray head (61), the II type spray head (62) and the III type spray head (63) in the three segments is respectively , the automatic centralized high pressure dust removal operation is strengthened t , then Formula two is obtained by numerical calculation, taking the number of each segmented type I, type II and type III nozzles as the integral number to form a regular triangle nozzle combination arrangement, the number of the first segmented nozzle is , type I nozzle is selected at the junction of the first and second segments, and type II nozzle is selected at the junction of the second and third segments, which is a preliminary scheme to determine the length of each segment, the flow rate of each segmented single nozzle and the number of nozzles through tests. Formula three, dust removal time calculation Dust removal time T After automatic centralized high-pressure dust removal in the water jet zone, the dust concentration decreased from [previous value]. Down to Time used After segmented precision spraying dust removal in the spray zone (13), the dust concentration decreased from... Down to Time used The spray zone continues to precisely spray dust in sections, reducing the dust concentration in the water jet zone from... Reduced to standard concentration Time used The sum, These are the average times taken for each corresponding unit concentration decrease within the three time periods mentioned above; In the formula approximately by Solving, due to the influence of the continued spraying of the spray zone (13), less than this value; The symbols in formula one to formula three are defined as follows: - the spray zone (13) is provided with rotary nozzles (6) arranged at equal distances from each other, the horizontal projection of any three nozzles having equal length, ; A - the cross-sectional area of the tunnel, ; - the concentration of dust at the spray zone (13) is arbitrary - the concentration of dust at the spray zone (13) is arbitrary - the concentration of dust at the spray zone (13) is arbitrary - the total amount of dust of the first section, the total amount of dust of the second section, the total amount of dust of the third section, respectively of the three-section spray zone (13), ; - the dust diffusion coefficient, the diffusion coefficient being constant, consulted in the relevant literature or determined by tests, ; - the initial dust concentration in the water jet zone (12), t - the dust concentration at the beginning of the spray zone (13) after the time, - the dust concentration at the end of the spray zone (13), ; - Dust one-dimensional diffusion time, dust concentration at the first end of the spraying zone, respectively to the concentration of the national dust hygiene standard , s ; — the dust concentration in the water jet area (12) is reduced from to in the time , the dust concentration in the spray area (13) is reduced from to in the time and the dust concentration in the water jet area is reduced from to the standard concentration in the time , s ; - the dust concentration in the water jet zone (12) is reduced from to in the time and the average time taken to reduce the dust concentration by one unit, - the dust concentration in the spray zone (13) is reduced from to in the time and the average time taken to reduce the dust concentration by one unit, - the dust concentration in the water jet zone is reduced from to the standard concentration in the time ; - number of spray heads per three segments, rounded to the nearest whole number, pieces; - the length of the water jet zone (12) is determined by the safety blasting distance, the length of the spray zone (13) and the length of the standard zone are determined according to the specific case, respectively, ; - the length of each segment of the three-segment spray zone (13), respectively, the average length , ; - the reciprocal of the diffusion coefficient of the dust, respectively , the required shroud spray dedusting flow per unit dust concentration, determined by empirical method, analogy method or test, ; - the flow rate of the individual type I nozzle (61), type II nozzle (62), and type III nozzle (63) in the three sections of the spray zone (13), respectively, .

3. The high-efficiency dust removal system for tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that The high-pressure pump (5) generates a water pressure of 1MPa-10MPa, and provides a water flow of 100L / min-200L / min for the high-pressure water gun, which uses an atomizing spray head.

4. The high-efficiency dust removal system for tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that The track (15) is provided with two parallel tracks along the extension direction of the tunnel; the skeleton (21) is transversely arranged on the two tracks, and the middle part of the skeleton is provided with a passing area (26) reserved between the two tracks; the closing curtain (3) is arranged in the passing area (26).

5. The high-efficiency dust removal system for tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that The tunnel (1) is provided with a drainage pipe on both sides, which extends out of the tunnel opening and converges into the sedimentation tank outside the tunnel, and an exhaust device is arranged in the tunnel.

6. The operating method of a tunnel blasting high-efficiency dust removal system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that The operation method comprises the following steps: Step one, making a trolley and a closing curtain 1. According to the design drawing and the geological conditions, determine the tunnel drilling and blasting construction scheme; 2. According to the size of the tunnel cross section, the structure size of the trolley (2) and the closing curtain (3) is determined; 3. Select qualified materials to make the trolley or use the existing construction secondary lining steel to install the trolley, install the closing curtain on the trolley, and check the qualification; 4. According to the dust concentration requirements of each section, the water jet pressure, the water jet flow, the atomization parameters and the trolley running speed parameters, automatic remote control operation is carried out; 5. Through test section test, test qualified; 6. According to the tunnel drilling and blasting excavation progress, gradually advance the trolley position; Step two, preliminary division of water jet area (12), spray area (13) and standard area (14) and selection of spray head (6) specification, quantity and determination of spray head installation spacing 1. Through the past construction experience, refer to the relevant data or through the test section detection of the maximum concentration of drilling and blasting dust; 2. Preliminarily divide the length of the water jet area (12), the spray area (13) and the standard area (14); 3. According to the pressure, flow and atomization requirements of high-pressure water, select the specification and model of high-pressure pump (5), high-pressure water gun and atomizing spray head, and test the requirements; 4. The number, flow and installation interval of the spray head (6) in the spray area (13) are determined after the calculation of the formula one and the formula two; the analogy method or the field test is used to determine ; 5、Take each segment I type nozzle (61), type II nozzle (62), type III nozzle (63) number as the whole number to form each segment equilateral triangle nozzle combination arrangement, the first segment nozzle number is , the first segment and the second segment junction selected I type nozzle, the second segment and the third segment junction selected II type nozzle, so as to be the initial scheme through the test to determine the length of each segment, segment single nozzle flow, nozzle quantity; 6. Calculated from Equation Three Time, or by analogy, field testing; Step three, installation of spray area spray head 1. Measure and layout to determine the plan position and height of three-section installation of type I spray head (61), type II spray head (62) and type III spray head (63), and the plan position of each section is a meihua-shaped equilateral triangle spray head combination arrangement; 2. Install type I spray head, type II spray head and type III spray head according to the design position, and connect the water supply pipe; 3. One automatic dust concentration detector is installed at the first end and the middle of each section of the side wall of the spray area; 4. The three types of spray heads (6) and the automatic dust concentration detector in the spray area automatically detect the dust concentration and spray; Step four, water jet dust removal in water jet area 1. When drilling and charging in the tunnel rock, the forklift horizontally separates the multiple rectangular rubber plates (31) of the closing curtain (3) from the center symmetric position, and binds the rectangular rubber plates on the skeleton (21) on both sides of the trolley with steel wire rope, leaving a space for the passing area (26) for the construction vehicle to pass through; 2. When the drilling and charging in the tunnel rock is completed and the blasting is about to start, untie the steel wire rope, restore the rectangular rubber plate (31) to the closed state, and personnel evacuate; 3. After the blasting time is determined and there is no dummy shot, the trolley (2) is automatically remotely controlled to start running and the high-pressure pump and the high-pressure water gun are automatically remotely controlled to start spraying water to perform automatic running and spraying water operations, including trolley back-and-forth running and spraying water operations; 4. After the data fed back by the automatic dust concentration detector arranged on the trolley (2) reaches the set dust concentration, the spraying water in the spraying water area (12) is stopped to end the dust removal by spraying water; Step five, dust removal by spraying in the spraying area 1. After the dust removal by spraying water in the spraying water area (12) is ended, the automatic dust concentration detector is automatically remotely controlled to start detecting the dust concentration and all kinds of spray heads are automatically remotely controlled to start spraying to remove dust; 2. The automatic dust concentration detector automatically remotely controls to detect the dust concentration all the time, and the spraying by the spray heads is automatically remotely controlled to stop when the dust concentration meets the requirements.

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