Internal Coils of the Vacuum Chamber of a Magnetic Confinement Fusion Device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic confinement fusion, and discloses an internal coil of a magnetic confinement fusion device vacuum chamber. The coil is decomposed into several units, and each unit includes four parts: a support, a coil guide groove, a cover plate, and a graphite tile. The coil guide groove is installed on the support, the cover plate is installed on the coil guide groove, and the graphite tile covers the cover plate. One end of the support is welded to the vacuum chamber wall, and the other end is welded to the coil guide groove, fixing the main structure of each coil unit to the vacuum chamber; for different installation positions of each unit, the shape and size of the support can be adjusted to meet the requirements at different positions. The guide grooves are connected to form a complete closed loop, and a special cable is laid therein; the cable structure is divided into three layers. The central layer is a current-carrying copper core, the middle layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer with a low outgassing rate, which can meet the insulation requirements for large currents, and the outermost layer is a glass fiber tube, which is abrasion-resistant, high-temperature resistant and also has an insulating effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic confinement fusion, and particularly relates to an internal coil of a vacuum chamber of a magnetic confinement fusion device. Background Art

[0002] The vacuum chamber is a core component of a magnetic confinement fusion device, with an ultra-high vacuum of 10 -5 ~10 -6 Pa, which can accommodate high-temperature plasma and is the place where the fusion reaction occurs. It is extremely difficult to install coils inside the vacuum chamber. It is necessary to ensure that the coils do not affect the ultra-high vacuum of the vacuum chamber and do not introduce impurities, and at the same time can withstand the bombardment of high-temperature plasma.

[0003] The coils inside the vacuum chamber are generally divided into four parts: current-carrying conductors, insulating layers, support and fixing structures, and protection structures.

[0004] Currently, the design of coils inside the vacuum chamber all adopts the method of integral processing, that is, the current-carrying conductors, insulating layers, and support structures are processed as a whole, and then a protection structure is added outside after installation. This scheme has little impact on the internal environment of the vacuum chamber, is easy to install, and the technology is mature. The disadvantages are long processing cycle, high cost, and the overall shape of the coil is completely determined after processing, so it is impossible to make adjustments during the actual installation process, and this scheme is only suitable for the processing of small coils (with small spans in the poloidal and toroidal directions of the vacuum chamber), and it is very difficult to carry out integral processing and installation for large coils.

[0005] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows:

[0006] (1) Processing cycle and cost: The existing integral processing method requires processing the current-carrying conductors, insulating layers, and support structures simultaneously during the processing, which will make the processing cycle very long and the cost relatively high.

[0007] (2) Difficult adjustment: Since the overall shape of the coil has been completely determined after processing, it means that it is very difficult to make any adjustments during the actual installation process.

[0008] (3) Manufacture of large coils: Although the existing design method is suitable for the processing of small coils, there are great difficulties in the processing of large coils, mainly because the integral processing and installation of large coils have high technical difficulty and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an internal coil of a vacuum chamber of a magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0010] The present invention is implemented as follows. An internal coil of a magnetic confinement fusion device vacuum chamber, the internal coil of the magnetic confinement fusion device vacuum chamber includes: the coil is decomposed into several units, and each unit includes four parts: a support, a coil guide groove, a cover plate, and a graphite tile. The coil guide groove is installed on the support, the cover plate is installed on the coil guide groove, and the graphite tile covers the cover plate.

[0011] Furthermore, one end of the support is welded to the vacuum chamber wall, and the other end is welded to the coil guide groove, fixing the main structure of each coil unit to the vacuum chamber. For different installation positions of each unit, the shape and size of the support can be adjusted to meet the requirements at different positions.

[0012] Furthermore, after all the coil guide grooves are installed, the connected guide grooves will form a complete closed loop, and a special cable is laid therein. To meet the vacuum environment required for fusion and the insulation and wear resistance of large currents, the cable structure is divided into three layers. The central layer is a current-carrying copper core, the middle layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer with a low outgassing rate, which can meet the insulation of large currents, and the outermost layer is a fiberglass tube, which is wear-resistant, high-temperature resistant and also has an insulating effect.

[0013] Furthermore, after the cable is laid, a cover plate is installed. The cover plate is fixed to both sides of the guide groove by screws. The cover plate serves to fix the coil and withstand the action of large electromagnetic forces, preventing the displacement of the cable during operation. After the cover plate is completely installed, the gaps between each unit are covered by welding with thin stainless steel sheets, as much as possible to avoid the cable being directly exposed to the environment.

[0014] Furthermore, after all the preliminary work is completed, a graphite tile is covered. The graphite tile is also fixed to both sides of the guide groove by screws. The graphite tile is a protective layer, facing the impact of the plasma of the fusion reaction and protecting the internal structure.

[0015] Combined with the above technical solutions and the solved technical problems, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0016] First, the solution proposed by the present invention discretizes the coil into several small units. Each small unit is further divided into a support fixation, a protection structure, a current-carrying conductor, and an insulating layer. Different parts of each unit are processed separately, and the current-carrying conductor and the insulating layer are processed together. This solution disassembles a complex coil structure into several simple sub-structures, reducing the processing difficulty, improving the processing speed, and reducing the processing cost. At the same time, discretizing the coil into several small units allows for fine adjustment of the distance, position, etc. between the small units during actual installation, solving the problem in the prior art that the coil cannot be adjusted according to the actual installation environment after processing.

[0017] Second, considering the technical solution as a whole or from the perspective of the product, the technical effects and advantages of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are specifically described as follows:

[0018] The present invention provides a new method for coil processing and manufacturing. By disassembling a complex whole into several simple sub - individuals, parallel processing can be carried out, reducing the difficulty and improving the efficiency. This method has a wide range of applications and can be used for coil designs in any field and any environment.

[0019] Thirdly, the method proposed by the present invention can be applied to the coil processing of future fusion commercial reactors, and also provides a new solution for the upgrade and transformation of current magnetic confinement fusion devices.

[0020] The present invention fills the technical gap in the design and manufacturing of large coils in the vacuum chamber of magnetic confinement fusion devices at home and abroad.

[0021] It solves the design and installation problems of large coils in the vacuum chamber in the field of magnetic confinement fusion. In the face of many difficulties such as high - vacuum environment, large electromagnetic force, and high - heat plasma bombardment, a practical large - coil design method is given. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the following - described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the coil provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cable structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the J - TEXT magnetic confinement fusion device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a physical diagram of the track after laying provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a physical diagram after all installations are completed provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a coil design scheme diagram under the prior art provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a comparison diagram of the coil design of the embodiment of the present invention and the coil under the prior art;

[0030] Among them, 1. support; 2. coil guide groove; 3. cover plate; 4. graphite tile; 5. polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer; 6. glass fiber protective layer; 7. current-carrying copper core. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0032] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method, system, device and terminal for optimizing data synchronization between serially connected chips. The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] An embodiment of the present invention provides an internal coil of a vacuum chamber of a magnetic confinement fusion device. The internal coil of the vacuum chamber of the magnetic confinement fusion device includes: the coil is decomposed into a plurality of units, each unit includes four parts: a support, a coil guide groove, a cover plate and a graphite tile, the coil guide groove is installed on the support, the cover plate is installed on the coil guide groove, and the graphite tile is fixed on the guide groove.

[0034] One end of the support is welded to the vacuum chamber wall, and the other end is welded to the coil guide groove, fixing the main structure of each coil unit to the vacuum chamber. According to the different installation positions of each unit, the shape and size of the support can be adjusted to meet the needs of different positions.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, after all the coil guide grooves are installed, they are connected to form a complete closed loop, in which a special cable is laid. In order to meet the vacuum environment required by fusion and the high current insulation and wear resistance, the cable structure is divided into three layers. The central layer is a current-carrying copper core, the middle layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer with a low outgassing rate, which can meet the high current insulation, and the outermost layer is a glass fiber tube, which is wear-resistant, high temperature-resistant and also has an insulating effect.

[0036] After the cable is laid, a cover is installed. The cover is fixed to both sides of the guide groove with screws. The cover is used to fix the coil and deal with large electromagnetic forces to prevent the cable from moving during operation. After the cover is installed, the gap between each unit is covered by welding with a thin stainless steel sheet to avoid direct exposure of the cable to the environment as much as possible.

[0037] After all the preliminary work is completed, graphite tiles are added. The graphite tiles are also fixed on both sides of the guide grooves by screws. The graphite tiles are a protective layer that directly faces the impact of the plasma of the fusion reaction and protects the internal structure.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, according to the provided legend and component numbers, the following is the detailed connection relationship and working principle of the embodiment of the present invention:

[0039] The support 1 serves as the foundation of the entire structure and is used to fix each component in place.

[0040] The coil guide groove 2 is fixed on the support 1 and is used to accommodate and fix the coil.

[0041] The cover plate 3 is installed on the top of the coil guide groove 2 and is used to protect the coil and ensure its stable position.

[0042] The graphite tile 4 is placed inside the coil guide groove 2 and is in contact with the coil, and is used to improve the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation effect of the coil.

[0043] The polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer 5 is coated around the coil to provide electrical insulation and protection.

[0044] The fiberglass protective layer 6 is coated outside the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer 5 to provide additional mechanical protection and support.

[0045] The current-carrying copper core 7 is located inside the coil and is responsible for generating a magnetic field to achieve magnetic confinement fusion.

[0046] When an electric current passes through the current-carrying copper core 7, according to Ampere's law, a magnetic field will be generated. This magnetic field is used to generate the required magnetic confinement effect in the J-TEXT magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0047] The coil is insulated by the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer 5 to prevent electrical short circuits and leakage between coils, and to ensure the safe and stable operation of the entire system.

[0048] The graphite tile 4, as the heat dissipation material of the coil, can effectively conduct the heat generated by the coil to the external environment, avoid overheating of the coil, and ensure the normal operation of the coil.

[0049] The coil guide groove 2 and the support 1 provide stable structural support to ensure the stable operation of the coil in a high-temperature and high-magnetic-field working environment.

[0050] The cover plate 3 protects the coil from the external environment and avoids the coil being contaminated or damaged.

[0051] The fiberglass protective layer 6 provides additional mechanical protection for the coil to prevent damage to the coil caused by external forces.

[0052] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a coil structure with good heat dissipation, electrical insulation, and mechanical protection functions, which is applicable to the J-TEXT magnetic confinement fusion device. This coil structure can operate stably in a high-temperature and high-magnetic-field environment and provides key technical support for achieving magnetic confinement fusion.

[0053] The method proposed by the present invention has been successfully applied to the J-TEXT Tokamak device of the Institute of Fusion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Figure 4 , Figure 5 That is the actual installation photo.

[0054] Existing design methods are basically only applicable to small two-dimensional planar coils. The method proposed in the present invention can be applied to coils of any size and shape. The following figures respectively show the coil shapes and sizes under the existing design method and the comparison with the coils designed by the method proposed in the present invention. Among them, the blue coil is the coil under the existing design scheme ( Figure 6 shown), and the red one is the coil of the scheme proposed in the present invention ( Figure 7 shown). By comparison, it can be seen that the coils designed by the method proposed in the present invention are larger in size and more complex in shape than the previous coils.

[0055] According to the improvements mentioned above, the following is the refined technical solution:

[0056] 1. Set a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer inside the coil guide groove:

[0057] To provide good electrical insulation for the coil, tightly wrap the polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer on the coil surface to avoid electrical short circuits and leakage between coils. Considering the high temperature resistance characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene, the stability of the insulating layer in a high temperature environment can be ensured.

[0058] 2. Set a fiberglass protective layer outside the polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer:

[0059] The fiberglass protective layer is wrapped outside the coil insulating layer to provide additional mechanical protection and prevent external forces from damaging the coil. At the same time, fiberglass has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, which helps to slow down the heat transfer inside the coil.

[0060] 3. Add an adjustable thermal expansion compensation device:

[0061] The thermal expansion compensation device can be in the form of a metal bellows, a helical spring, etc., and is set between the support and the vacuum chamber wall or between the coil guide groove and the support. When the temperature change causes the thermal expansion of the structural components, the thermal expansion compensation device can automatically adjust its length to relieve the thermal stress and ensure the stability of the coil and its support structure.

[0062] 4. Set a detachable connection device:

[0063] The detachable connection device can be in the form of a bolt connection, a snap connection, etc., to detachably connect the coil unit to the vacuum chamber wall, the support and the coil guide groove. This facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the coil and improves the maintainability of the magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0064] 5. Add a phase change material or a liquid cooling system to the graphite tile:

[0065] The phase change material has a high heat capacity and can absorb and release a large amount of heat, thus helping to keep the coil temperature stable. The phase change material can be arranged on the graphite tile and be in close contact with the coil surface to achieve a better heat dissipation effect.

[0066] The liquid cooling system can adopt forms such as microchannel cooling plates and cooling tubes, and be closely combined with the graphite tile to form an efficient heat dissipation channel. By circulating the coolant, the heat generated by the coil is effectively taken away to ensure the normal operation of the coil.

[0067] In summary, through adding and improving structural components, the present technical solution further improves the performance of the internal coil of the vacuum chamber of the magnetic confinement fusion device, meeting the stable operation requirements of the fusion device in high-temperature and high-magnetic-field environments. At the same time, the new structural solution is also conducive to the maintenance and replacement of the coil, reducing the maintenance cost of the magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0068] Two specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0069] Embodiment 1:

[0070] In the design of the internal coil of the vacuum chamber of this magnetic confinement fusion device, first, the coil is decomposed into several units, and each unit includes four parts: a support, a coil guide groove, a cover plate, and a graphite tile.

[0071] Among them, one end of the support is welded to the vacuum chamber wall, and the other end is welded to the coil guide groove, so that the main structure of each coil unit can be fixed to the vacuum chamber. For different installation positions of each unit, the shape and size of the support can be adjusted to meet the requirements at different positions.

[0072] After all the coil guide grooves are installed, the connected guide grooves will form a complete closed loop, and a special cable is laid therein. To meet the vacuum environment required for fusion and the insulation and wear resistance of large currents, the cable structure is divided into three layers. The central layer is a current-carrying copper core, and the middle layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer with a low outgassing rate.

[0073] After the cable is laid, a cover plate is installed. The cover plate is fixed to both sides of the guide groove by screws, serving the purpose of fixing the coil and dealing with the action of large electromagnetic forces to prevent the displacement of the cable during operation. Finally, after the cover plate is completely installed, the gaps between each unit are covered by welding with thin stainless steel sheets. After all the preliminary work is completed, a graphite tile is covered. The graphite tile is also fixed to both sides of the guide groove by screws, serving as a protective layer.

[0074] Embodiment 2:

[0075] First, the coil is decomposed into several units, and each unit includes four parts: a support, a coil guide groove, a cover plate, and a graphite tile. The support is connected to the vacuum chamber wall and the coil guide groove by other means (such as bolts, clamps, etc.) instead of welding.

[0076] At different installation positions of each unit, different support shapes and sizes can be designed to meet the requirements of different positions. After all the coil guide grooves are installed, a complete closed loop is formed, and the special cable structures laid therein may vary. For example, other types of conductors may be used in the central layer, and other types of insulating materials may be used in the intermediate layer.

[0077] After the cable is laid, a cover plate is installed.

[0078] As described above, this is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention by those skilled in the art should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internal coil of a magnetic confinement fusion device vacuum chamber, characterized in that, Including: The coil is decomposed into several units, each unit including four parts: a support, a coil guide groove, a cover plate, and a graphite tile. The coil guide groove is installed on the support, the cover plate is installed on the coil guide groove, and the graphite tile covers the cover plate; One end of the support is welded to the vacuum chamber wall, and the other end is welded to the coil guide groove, fixing the main structure of each coil unit to the vacuum chamber; for different installation positions of each unit, the shape and size of the support can be adjusted to meet the requirements at different positions; After all the coil guide grooves are installed, the connected guide grooves will form a complete closed loop, and a special cable is laid therein; to meet the vacuum environment required for fusion and the insulation and wear resistance of large currents, the cable structure is divided into three layers, with a current-carrying copper core in the central layer and a polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer with a low outgassing rate in the middle layer.

2. The internal coil of the magnetic confinement fusion device vacuum chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the cable is laid, a cover plate is installed. The cover plate is fixed to both sides of the guide groove by screws. The cover plate serves to fix the coil and withstand the action of large electromagnetic forces to prevent the displacement of the cable during operation; after the cover plate is completely installed, the gaps between each unit are covered by welding with thin stainless steel sheets.

3. The internal coil of the magnetic confinement fusion device vacuum chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, After all the preliminary work is completed, the graphite tile is covered. The graphite tile is also fixed to both sides of the guide groove by screws. The graphite tile serves as a protective layer.

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