Drainage device and drainage method for karst region tunnel

Abstract

The application discloses a drainage device based on a karst area tunnel, a first water well is vertically arranged on a water gushing side of a water-rich karst cave, a second water well is vertically arranged on a water gushing side of the water-rich karst cave, the karst tunnel is provided with a drainage groove, the drainage groove is communicated with the bottom of the second water well through a drainage pipeline, the left and right ends of a first connecting pipeline are respectively communicated with the first water well and the second water well, the communication position of the first connecting pipeline and the first water well is above the middle part of the first water well, and the sludge in normal water flow is affected by gravity and is settled on the bottom of the first water well; when the water level in the well is higher than the first connecting pipeline, the water flows into the second water well from the first connecting pipeline and is finally drained from the drainage groove, so that the sludge and the normal water flow are separated, the device is suitable for water-rich karst caves in various forms, has small limitations, wide application range and good application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of karst tunnel drainage, in particular to a drainage device and method based on karst area tunnel. BACKGROUND

[0002] Karst tunnel refers to a tunnel that needs to pass through karst area during construction. Karst area has complex and changeable geological morphology, so the construction of karst tunnel is difficult. The most influential factor for tunnel construction is the drainage problem caused by the rich water in karst area (water-rich karst cave). There is normal flowing water in the water-rich karst cave, and the water content of the stratum below the water-rich karst cave is also high due to the influence of the water-rich karst cave. If the stratum above the water-rich karst cave is close to the ground surface or the ground surface has a high water permeability, the stratum above the water-rich karst cave will also have a high water content problem. Therefore, when a karst tunnel needs to be constructed, the drainage problem of the water-rich karst cave is difficult to solve. In addition, while solving the drainage problem of the water-rich karst cave, the problem of silt accumulation also needs to be considered.

[0003] Patent application 201911075993.8 discloses a tunnel structure passing through karst passage and a method of tunnel passing through karst passage. The normal flowing water in the karst cave is drained by opening a drainage pipeline in the tunnel that communicates with the karst cave. However, it has the following defects and limitations:

[0004] 1. The formation path of the water-rich karst cave must pass through the tunnel. If the water-rich karst cave only partially passes through the tunnel, this scheme is not feasible.

[0005] 2. The water gushing side of the water-rich karst cave (the side with higher position of the karst cave in the patent) must be higher than the tunnel lining, otherwise the scheme is not feasible.

[0006] 3. The main body of the drainage pipeline is a long straight pipe, and the silt removal depends on the impact force of the water flow. After long-term use, silt will accumulate at the bottom of the drainage pipeline.

[0007] 4. It is not possible to drain the water below and above the water-rich karst cave.

[0008] Therefore, how to provide a karst tunnel drainage device and method that can partially or completely solve the above technical problems is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0009] The purpose of the present application is to provide a drainage device and method based on karst area tunnel to solve the problems existing in the prior art and make the normal flowing water, upper stratum water and lower stratum water of the water-rich karst cave flow smoothly.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following scheme: the present application provides a drainage device based on a karst area tunnel, the karst tunnel penetrates a water-rich cave, comprising: a first water well, the first water well is vertically arranged on the water outlet side of the water-rich cave, and the setting position is on the flow path of the normal water flow; a second water well, the second water well is vertically arranged on the water outlet side of the water-rich cave, the second water well is arranged at intervals with the first water well, and the second water well is located between the first water well and the karst tunnel, the depth of the first water well and the second water well is the same; the karst tunnel has a drainage groove, the drainage groove is communicated with the bottom of the second water well through a drainage pipeline; a first connecting pipeline, the left and right ends of the first connecting pipeline are communicated with the first water well and the second water well respectively, and the communication position of the first connecting pipeline and the first water well is above the middle part of the first water well.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the first water well is used as a normal water storage unit, the normal water continuously accumulates in the middle and lower parts of the first water well after entering the first water well, forming well water with a certain depth, and the sludge in the normal water is settled at the bottom of the first water well under the influence of its own gravity, when the well water height exceeds the first connecting pipeline, the water enters the second water well from the first connecting pipeline and finally is discharged from the drainage groove, realizing the separation of sludge and normal water, and the device is suitable for various forms of water-rich caves, has small limitations, wide application range and good application prospect.

[0012] In the above technical scheme, the second water well is a temporary storage unit of the normal water after separating the sludge, when the water amount of the first connecting pipeline entering the second water well exceeds the water amount of the second water well entering the drainage pipeline, the normal water will be temporarily stored in the second water well, avoiding the overflow of the water level of the drainage groove caused by too large water flow.

[0013] Further, it further comprises: a second connecting pipeline, the left and right ends of the second connecting pipeline are communicated with the first water well and the second water well respectively, the communication position of the second connecting pipeline and the first water well is close to the bottom of the first water well and is provided with a filter screen; a one-way valve, the one-way valve is arranged on the second connecting pipeline; a water well valve, the water well valve is arranged on the first water well, and the water well valve is arranged close to the first connecting pipeline; a sealing door, the sealing door is arranged on the first water well and is arranged close to the bottom of the first water well.

[0014] The first water well needs to be cleaned regularly after a long time of use, and the application can make the normal water flow from the first connecting pipeline into the second water well by closing the water well valve, and at the same time, the water in the lower part of the first water well is discharged from the second connecting pipeline into the second water well and finally discharged from the drain groove by opening the one-way valve. At this time, the water in the bottom of the first water well is emptied, and the operator can open the sealing door to clean the silt. After cleaning the silt, close the sealing door, close the one-way valve and open the water well valve.

[0015] Further, it further comprises a maintenance channel, one end of which communicates with the area where the sealing door is located, and the other end of which communicates with the inside of the karst tunnel. The function of the maintenance channel is to enable the operator to enter the vicinity of the first water well from the inside of the karst tunnel for operation.

[0016] Further, it further comprises a water absorption mechanism, one end of which communicates with the first water well and is detachably connected with the first water well, and the other end of which extends to the stratum below the water-rich cave. The water absorption mechanism can absorb water in the stratum below the water-rich cave into the first water well. The communication between the water absorption mechanism and the first water well is located above the middle of the first water well. The water absorption mechanism comprises: a shell, which is hollow inside and has an open tail end, and a plurality of water absorption channels extending outward from the tail end of the shell, the plurality of water absorption channels communicating with the inside of the shell, and the tail end of the shell communicating with and being detachably connected with the first water well; and a water absorption cotton core, which is arranged in the shell and extends from the tail end of the plurality of water absorption channels to the stratum below the water-rich cave.

[0017] The shell is linear, the water absorption channels are arranged at an acute angle with the shell, and the tail ends of the water absorption channels face the first water well.

[0018] The above technical solution can guide the water in the stratum below the water-rich cave to the first water well through the water absorption cotton core. The existing technology generally uses a buried pipe or a buried ditch to guide the water in the stratum below the water-rich cave to a drain groove, which has a high construction difficulty and is prone to structural collapse and pipe or ditch blockage, resulting in water drainage failure. The application adopts a new stratum drainage structure, which absorbs the water in the stratum below the water-rich cave into the first water well through the water absorption cotton core. Only water is absorbed during the absorption process, and impurities are not absorbed, which can effectively avoid the problem of water drainage failure caused by structural collapse and pipe blockage. In addition, only one installation hole needs to be drilled in the water well to the stratum below the water-rich cave to insert the water absorption mechanism. The water absorption mechanism has a water absorption channel with a "barb" shape, which has the advantages of being easy to install but difficult to remove, facilitating quick installation and improving the stability of the structure after installation.

[0019] Further, the fixing member is arranged at the tail end of the shell, and a fixing hole is arranged on the fixing member.

[0020] Further, a waterproof layer is arranged outside the karst tunnel, a water diversion groove is arranged between the waterproof layer and the stratum above the water-rich karst cave, the lower end of the water diversion groove is communicated with a water diversion pipeline, and the water diversion pipeline is communicated with the drainage groove or the water diversion pipeline is communicated with the drainage pipeline.

[0021] The above technical solution can slowly penetrate the water in the stratum above the water-rich karst cave into the water diversion groove, and large rocks, impurities and the like are blocked above the support plate during the penetration process, and the water in the stratum above the water-rich karst cave flows into the water diversion groove, then enters the water diversion pipeline and finally enters the drainage groove in the karst tunnel and is discharged.

[0022] The application also provides a drainage method based on a karst tunnel, comprising:

[0023] S1: normal flowing water flows into the first water well from the water-rich karst cave and continuously accumulates in the first water well, and when the water level is higher than the first connecting pipeline, the normal flowing water flows into the second water well from the first connecting pipeline, flows into the drainage pipeline from the second water well, and is discharged into the drainage groove in the karst tunnel;

[0024] S2: the water in the stratum below the water-rich karst cave is absorbed by the water-absorbing cotton core into the shell, flows along the inside of the shell, and finally flows into the first water well from the tail end of the shell, and then is discharged according to the process described in S1;

[0025] S3: the water in the stratum above the water-rich karst cave flows into the water diversion groove from the water holes on the support plate, flows into the water diversion pipeline from the water diversion groove, flows into the drainage groove from the water diversion pipeline or flows into the drainage pipeline from the water diversion pipeline, and then flows into the drainage groove from the drainage pipeline and is discharged.

[0026] In summary, the application can drain the normal flowing water in the water-rich karst cave, the stratum above the water-rich karst cave and the stratum below the water-rich karst cave, solve the problem of water drainage of the water-rich karst cave during the construction of the karst tunnel, and separate all kinds of silt encountered during the construction of the karst tunnel, thereby providing guarantee for the drainage smoothness and stability of the karst tunnel, having wide applicability and good application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below only illustrate some of the embodiments of the present application, and are not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the normalized water flow drainage structure;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first connecting pipe structure;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the second connecting pipe structure;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the maintenance channel structure;

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the water absorption mechanism structure;

[0034] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the fixing part structure;

[0035] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the water diversion groove structure;

[0036] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the support plate structure;

[0037] Wherein, 1 is a karst tunnel, 101 is a drainage groove, 2 is a water-rich cave, 3 is a first water well, 4 is a second water well, 5 is a first connecting pipe, 6 is a second connecting pipe, 7 is a filter screen, 8 is a one-way valve, 9 is a water well valve, 10 is a sealing door, 11 is a maintenance channel, 12 is an outer shell, 1201 is a water absorption channel, 13 is a water absorption cotton core, 14 is a fixing part, 1401 is a fixing hole, 15 is a waterproof layer, 16 is a water diversion groove, 17 is a water diversion pipe, 18 is a support plate, 1801 is a water hole, 19 is a stratum above the water-rich cave, 20 is a stratum below the water-rich cave, and 21 is a drainage pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0039] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] As shown in Figure 1 The present application provides a karst tunnel 1 drainage device, the karst tunnel 1 penetrates a water-rich cave 2, comprising: a first water well 3, the first water well 3 is vertically provided on the water gushing side of the water-rich cave 2, and the setting position is on the flow path of the normal flow; a second water well 4, the second water well 4 is vertically provided on the water gushing side of the water-rich cave 2, the second water well 4 is spaced apart from the first water well 3, and the second water well 4 is located between the first water well 3 and the karst tunnel 1, the depth of the first water well 3 and the second water well 4 is the same; the karst tunnel 1 has a drainage groove 101, the drainage groove 101 is communicated with the bottom of the second water well 4 through a drainage pipeline 21; a first connecting pipeline 5, the left and right ends of the first connecting pipeline 5 are communicated with the first water well 3 and the second water well 4 respectively, and the communication position of the first connecting pipeline 5 and the first water well 3 is above the middle part of the first water well 3. The inner diameter and depth of the first water well 3 need to be designed according to the actual size of the water-rich cave 2 and the normal flow condition, and need to meet the following requirements: one, without considering the flow rate of the normal flow, after the normal flow enters the first water well 3, the height of the first connecting pipeline 5 from the bottom surface of the first water well 3 should be enough for the silt in the normal flow to settle; two, considering the flow rate of the normal flow, after the normal flow enters the first water well 3, the inner diameter of the first water well 3 should be enough for the silt to settle during the normal flow process. The inner side wall and the outer side wall of the first water well 3 and the second water well 4 can be provided with a concrete layer, a mortar rubble, a waterproof layer 15 and other structures that can improve the structural strength. The number of the first water well 3 and the second water well 4 can be one or more, when the water-rich cave is large and has multiple normal flows, multiple first water wells 3 and second water wells 4 can be correspondingly provided, and the second water well 4 can be provided in the center of the multiple first water wells 3, so that each first water well 3 is communicated with the same second water well 4 through the first connecting pipeline 5, of course, in this case, the inner diameter of the second water well 4 should be expanded to meet the drainage requirement. Figure 1 For example, only one first water well 3 and second water well 4 are provided in the middle, after the positions of the first water well 3 and the second water well 4 are determined, two devices can be used to dig down at the same time, since the second water well 4 is located between the first water well 3 and the karst tunnel 1, and the first water well 3 can introduce all the normal flow in the water-rich cave 2 into the well, so the second water well 4 will not have normal flow entering from the well mouth.

[0041] As shown in Figures 1-4As shown, in the embodiment, it also includes: a second connecting pipeline 6, the left and right ends of the second connecting pipeline 6 are communicated with the first water well 3 and the second water well 4 respectively, the communication position of the second connecting pipeline 6 with the first water well 3 is close to the bottom of the first water well 3 and is provided with a filter screen 7; a one-way valve 8, the one-way valve 8 is arranged on the second connecting pipeline 6; a water well valve 9, the water well valve 9 is arranged on the first water well 3, the water well valve 9 is arranged close to the first connecting pipeline 5 (the position where the water well valve 9 can close the first water well 3 is at A in the figure) Figure 2 In the embodiment, the first connecting pipeline 5 is also provided with the filter screen 7, a pump body for assisting drainage can be arranged on the second connecting pipeline 6, and flow control valves can be arranged on the first connecting pipeline 5, the second connecting pipeline 6 and the drainage pipeline 21. The one-way valve 8 and the water well valve 9 are preferably electric control valves, the electricity use of the one-way valve 8 and the water well valve 9 can be connected to the power supply line of the electric equipment inside the karst tunnel 1, for example, electrically connected to the power supply line of the lighting lamp inside the karst tunnel 1. If the karst tunnel 1 is in poor condition and has no lighting lamp and power supply line, manual control valves are selected, the setting height of the water well valve 9 should be within the height range that can be operated by ordinary personnel, if the depth of the first water well 3 needs to be increased due to the karst cave problem and the height of the water well valve 9 is higher, a ladder and other auxiliary tools for climbing can be arranged on the outer wall of the first water well 3, and an observation window can be arranged on the sealing door 10, so that the operator can directly observe the silt and drainage conditions at the bottom of the first water well 3.

[0042] As shown in the figure, Figure 5 In the embodiment, it also includes: a maintenance channel 11, one end of the maintenance channel 11 is communicated with the area where the sealing door 10 is located, and the other end is communicated with the inside of the karst tunnel 1. The function of the maintenance channel 11 is to enable the operator to enter the vicinity of the first water well 3 from the karst tunnel for operation. In order to improve convenience, the operator should also be able to repair the first water well 3, the second water well 4, the first connecting pipeline 5, the second connecting pipeline 6 and the drainage pipeline 21 in the maintenance channel 11. In order to protect the first connecting pipeline 5 and the second connecting pipeline 6, a sealing door body can be arranged at the position where the first connecting pipeline 5 and the second connecting pipeline 6 are arranged. A protective sleeve and other equipment can also be arranged on the pipeline.

[0043] As shown in the figure, Figures 1-2, 6-7, in this embodiment also includes: water suction mechanism, one end of the water suction mechanism is communicated with the first water well 3 and is detachably connected with the first water well 3, the other end extends to the stratum 20 below the water-rich cave, the water suction mechanism can absorb water in the stratum 20 below the water-rich cave into the first water well 3, and the communication position of the water suction mechanism and the first water well 3 is above the middle of the first water well 3. The water suction mechanism comprises: a shell 12, the shell 12 is hollow inside and has an open tail end, a plurality of water suction channels 1201 extend outward from the shell 12, the plurality of water suction channels 1201 are communicated with the inside of the shell 12, and the tail end of the shell 12 is communicated with and detachably connected with the first water well 3; a water absorption cotton core 13 is arranged in the shell 12 and extends from the tail end of the plurality of water suction channels 1201 to the stratum 20 below the water-rich cave. The shell 12 is linear, the water suction channels 1201 are arranged at an acute angle with the shell 12, and the tail end of the water suction channels 1201 faces the first water well 3. The water suction mechanism further comprises a fixing member 14 arranged at the tail end of the shell 12, and a fixing hole 1401 is formed in the fixing member 14. In this embodiment, the shell 12 and the water suction channels 1201 are integrally formed and are made of a hard, wear-resistant and waterproof material, such as stainless steel or other alloys. When the water suction mechanism is installed, a hole is drilled from the first water well 3 to the stratum 20 below the water-rich cave, the diameter of the hole is greater than the inner diameter of the shell 12 but slightly smaller than the width of the water suction channels 1201 on both sides of the shell 12, and the water suction mechanism is hammered into the hole by using a hammer or other tools (the water absorption cotton core 13 will be slightly worn during the installation process, but the water absorption effect after installation will not be affected, and even if the exposed part is completely damaged, the water absorption effect of the water absorption cotton core 13 in the water suction channels 1201 will not be affected), the water suction channels 1201 are automatically clamped into the stratum 20 below the water-rich cave after the water suction mechanism enters the hole, the tail end is fixed to the inner side wall of the first water well 3 by inserting a fastening bolt into the fixing hole 1401, and the tail end of the water absorption cotton core 13 extends from the tail end of the shell 12 into the first water well 3. The angle between the water suction channels 1201 and the shell 12 can be set to 15°-30°, and the extension of the water suction channels 1201 as a whole is poor when the angle is too small, the water absorption range is relatively narrow, and the installation difficulty is increased when the angle is too large. In addition, the hole can also be drilled in the obliquely downward and obliquely upward directions, and the water suction mechanism can also be arranged at an angle of the obliquely downward and obliquely upward directions, so that the water suction mechanism can absorb water in a larger range.

[0044] As Figure 1 , 8As shown in FIG. 9, in the present embodiment, a waterproof layer 15 is arranged outside the karst tunnel 1, a water diversion groove 16 is arranged between the waterproof layer 15 and the upper stratum 19 of the water-rich karst cave, the lower end of the water diversion groove 16 is communicated with a water diversion pipeline 17, the water diversion pipeline 17 is communicated with the drainage groove 101 or the water diversion pipeline 17 is communicated with a drainage pipeline 21. The upper side wall of the water diversion groove 16 is provided with a support plate 18, the support plate 18 is fixedly connected with the upper stratum 19 of the water-rich karst cave, and a plurality of water holes 1801 are uniformly arranged on the support plate 18. In other embodiments, the support plate 18 can not be arranged, but grouting can be directly performed at the position of the support plate 18, and a grouting layer with pores is formed after grouting, so that the water in the upper stratum 19 of the water-rich karst cave can enter the water diversion groove 16 from the pores.

[0045] The specific drainage method of the karst tunnel 1 is as follows:

[0046] S1: normal water flow drainage;

[0047] The normal water flow enters the first water well 3 from the water-rich karst cave 2 and continuously accumulates water in the first water well 3. During the water accumulation process, the silt is affected by its own gravity and settles at the bottom of the first water well 3. When the water level is higher than the first connecting pipeline 5, the normal water flow enters the second water well 4 from the first connecting pipeline 5, enters the drainage pipeline 21 from the second water well 4, and is discharged into the drainage groove 101 in the karst tunnel 1;

[0048] S101: silt cleaning

[0049] The bottom of the first water well 3 is cleaned regularly. When cleaning, the operator enters from one side of the karst tunnel 1 through the maintenance passage 11 to the area near the sealing door 10, closes the water well valve 9, opens the one-way valve 8 (the electric valve is controlled by the controller, and the manual valve is manually operated by the operator), the normal water flow above the middle part of the first water well 3 directly enters the second water well 4 from the first connecting pipeline 5, and the normal water flow below the middle part of the first water well 3 enters the second water well 4 from the second connecting pipeline 6 (the water in the second water well 4 is limited by the one-way valve 8 and cannot flow back to the bottom of the first water well 3, when the water in the second water well 4 accumulates and causes the water below the middle part of the first water well 3 to be difficult to drain from the second connecting pipeline 6, a pump body can be opened to assist drainage); after the normal water flow below the middle part of the first water well 3 is discharged, the sealing door 10 is opened, and the operator cleans the silt at the bottom of the first water well 3, and then the sealing door 10 is closed, the one-way valve 8 is closed, and the water well valve 9 is opened.

[0050] S2: the water in the lower stratum 20 of the water-rich karst cave is absorbed by the water-absorbing cotton core 13 into the shell 12, flows along the inside of the shell 12, and finally flows into the first water well 3 from the tail end of the shell 12, and then is discharged according to the process in S1;

[0051] S3: The water in the stratum 19 above the water-rich cave flows into the water channel 16 from the water hole 1801 on the support plate 18, flows into the water pipeline 17 from the water channel 16, flows into the drainage groove 101 from the water pipeline 17 or flows into the drainage pipeline 21 from the water pipeline 17, and then flows into the drainage groove 101 from the drainage pipeline 21 and is discharged.

[0052] The application provides a drainage device and method for a karst tunnel. A first water well is used as a water storage unit for normal water flow. The normal water flow continuously accumulates in the middle and lower part of the first water well to form well water with a certain depth. The sludge in the normal water flow is affected by gravity and settles at the bottom of the first water well. When the height of the well water exceeds the first connecting pipeline, the well water flows into the second water well from the first connecting pipeline and is finally discharged from the drainage groove. The separation of the sludge and the normal water flow is realized. The device is suitable for various forms of water-rich caves, has small limitations, and has a wide application range. By closing the water well valve, the normal water flow is temporarily directly introduced into the second water well from the first connecting pipeline, and the one-way valve is opened, so that the water in the middle and lower part of the first water well is discharged into the second water well from the second connecting pipeline and is finally discharged from the drainage groove. The operator can open the sealing door to clean the sludge, and the safety is high and the operation is convenient and fast. A new type of stratum drainage structure is used. The water in the stratum below the water-rich cave is absorbed into the first water well through the water absorption cotton core. Only water but no impurities is absorbed during the absorption process, so that the problem of water drainage caused by structure collapse and pipeline blockage can be effectively avoided. In addition, only one installation hole needs to be drilled in the water well to the stratum below the water-rich cave to insert the water absorption mechanism. The water absorption mechanism has a water absorption channel with a "barb" shape, which has the advantages of being easy to install but difficult to remove, and is beneficial to rapid installation and improvement of the stability of the structure after installation. The water in the stratum above the water-rich cave can slowly penetrate into the water channel. Large rocks, impurities and the like are blocked above the support plate during the penetration process. The water in the stratum above the water-rich cave flows into the water channel and then enters the water pipeline and finally enters the drainage groove in the karst tunnel. That is, the normal water flow in the water-rich cave, the stratum above the water-rich cave and the stratum below the water-rich cave can be drained, and the drainage problem of the water-rich cave during the construction of the karst tunnel is solved. At the same time, the sludge separation of various water-rich caves encountered during the construction of the karst tunnel is also realized, which provides protection for the drainage smoothness and stability of the karst tunnel, has wide applicability, and has good application prospect.

[0053] In the description of the present application, it needs to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0054] The above-described embodiments are only to describe the preferred modes of the present application, and not to limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. 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and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a 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mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism 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water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption mechanism and a water absorption ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The karst tunnel (1) is externally provided with a waterproof layer (15), a water diversion groove (16) is arranged between the waterproof layer (15) and the upper stratum (19) of the water-rich karst cave, the lower end of the water diversion groove (16) is communicated with a water diversion pipeline (17), and the water diversion pipeline (17) is communicated with a drainage groove (101) or the water diversion pipeline (17) is communicated with the drainage pipeline (21). The upper side wall of the water diversion groove (16) is provided with a support plate (18), the support plate (18) is fixedly connected with the upper stratum (19) of the water-rich karst cave, and a plurality of water holes (1801) are uniformly formed in the support plate (18).

2. The drainage device based on a karst region tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by, Further comprising a fixing piece (14), which is arranged at the tail end of the shell (12), and a fixing hole (1401) is formed in the fixing piece (14).

3. The drainage device based on a karst region tunnel according to claim 1, wherein, The shell (12) is linear, the water absorption channel (1201) is arranged at an acute angle with the shell (12), and the tail end of the water absorption channel (1201) faces the first water well (3).

4. A method for draining a tunnel in a karst region, characterized in that, The drainage device based on the karst tunnel is applied to the drainage device based on the karst tunnel in claim 1, and comprises: S1: normal water flows into the first water well (3) from the water-rich karst cave (2) and continuously accumulates water in the first water well (3), when the water level is higher than the first connecting pipeline (5), the normal water flows into the second water well (4) from the first connecting pipeline (5), flows into the drainage pipeline (21) from the second water well (4), and is discharged into the drainage groove (101) in the karst tunnel (1) from the drainage pipeline (21); S2: water in the lower stratum (20) of the water-rich karst cave is absorbed by the water absorption cotton core (13) into the shell (12), flows along the inside of the shell (12), and finally flows into the first water well (3) from the tail end of the shell (12), and then is discharged according to the process described in S1; S3: water in the upper stratum (19) of the water-rich karst cave flows into the water diversion groove (16) from the water holes (1801) in the support plate (18), flows into the water diversion pipeline (17) from the water diversion groove (16), flows into the drainage groove (101) from the water diversion pipeline (17) or flows into the drainage pipeline (21) from the water diversion pipeline (17), and then flows into the drainage groove (101) from the drainage pipeline (21) and is discharged. ​

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