A vertical composting drainage device and method for perishable garbage

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vertical composting drainage device and method for perishable garbage, belonging to the field of drainage facilities. The vertical composting drainage device for perishable garbage provided by the present invention includes a device housing and a plurality of layers of composting drainage structures stacked layer by layer in the device housing; each layer of composting drainage structure includes a material bearing platform and a material stirring and pushing mechanism. The device uses the capillary siphon action of the drainage unit and the self-flow surface grid holes to construct multiple drainage channels, and cooperates with the modular drainage unit and the bottom drainage module, which can effectively avoid clogging by sundries. The present invention can achieve unobstructed and long-term effective drainage during the fermentation process of perishable garbage, improve the ventilation and oxygen supply effect, ensure the quality of the fermentation product, and reduce the release of malodorous gases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of drainage facilities, and particularly relates to a vertical composting drainage device and method for perishable garbage. Background Art

[0002] At present, the generation amount of domestic garbage is increasing day by day, while the construction of terminal treatment and disposal facilities is relatively lagging behind. The treatment of domestic garbage mainly relies on landfill. Reducing the amount, recycling, and harmless treatment of perishable garbage, and reducing the proportion of garbage entering terminal incineration and landfill treatment and disposal facilities are important measures to solve the garbage treatment problem at present.

[0003] In the prior art, perishable garbage mainly adopts the composting treatment method. In urban areas, due to land use restrictions, mechanical-assisted bio-enhanced composting is mainly used. By adding microbial agents, mechanical stirring and forced ventilation for oxygen supply, the aerobic fermentation process is accelerated, and the material fermentation and ripening can be achieved within a cycle of 7 - 15 days; while in rural areas, due to economic reasons, the sunlight greenhouse composting treatment mode is mainly adopted, using solar energy as auxiliary energy to accelerate the fermentation and ripening of perishable garbage to generate fertilizer. At present, both technologies have been widely promoted and applied, but as emerging treatment technologies, they are still in the exploration stage and have many deficiencies. Among them, the drainage and aeration system in the composting process is too simple. Generally, grooves are set on the hard bottom plate for drainage and simple nozzles are assembled for aeration. The drainage grooves and aeration nozzles are extremely easy to be blocked by mud-like perishable garbage, resulting in the leachate generated during the fermentation process of perishable garbage being unable to be discharged in time, the moisture content of the garbage increasing, and the oxygen supply effect decreasing. This not only leads to the inability to guarantee the quality of compost products, but also the malodor generated by anaerobic fermentation will affect the surrounding environment, thereby affecting the sense of gain and happiness of surrounding villagers in garbage classification and being unfavorable to the promotion of garbage classification work. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of difficult drainage of leachate in perishable garbage materials with high moisture content in the prior art, and provide a vertical composting drainage device and method for perishable garbage.

[0005] The specific technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a vertical composting drainage device for perishable garbage, which includes a device housing and multiple layers of composting drainage structures stacked layer by layer in the device housing; each layer of composting drainage structure includes a material bearing platform and a material stirring and pushing mechanism;

[0007] The material loading platform includes a percolation plate, a top seepage drainage module, a bottom drainage module, a seepage baffle, and a feeding port; the percolation plate is installed on the bottom drainage module, and the plate body has a drainage slope. The top seepage drainage module is cooperatively installed on the percolation plate. The percolation plate and the top seepage drainage module are jointly used to carry perishable garbage materials to be composted;

[0008] A plurality of through holes are formed in the percolation plate in an array form, and grid holes are formed in the lower region near the seepage baffle; the top seepage drainage module includes seepage drainage units, seepage branch pipes, and a water collection main pipe; there are a plurality of seepage drainage units, which are respectively installed in the through holes in a one-to-one correspondence; the upper surface of each seepage drainage unit has the same drainage slope as the percolation plate, and the upper surface is uniformly and densely provided with capillary drainage belts extending along the drainage slope direction. Each capillary drainage belt is composed of parallel grooves and capillary holes. The capillary holes are located inside the seepage drainage unit, and the top of the capillary holes is connected to the upper surface of the seepage drainage unit through the grooves; a water collection tank hole is arranged at the downstream end of each seepage drainage unit in the drainage direction, and the ends of all capillary holes are uniformly connected to the water collection tank hole; the water collection tank holes of each seepage drainage unit are uniformly connected to the water collection main pipe through the seepage branch pipes;

[0009] The seepage baffle is arranged along the intersection line of the bottom of the percolation plate and the top plane of the bottom drainage module, and is used to block the seepage liquid that has not been collected by the top seepage drainage module and make it enter the grid holes;

[0010] The upper surface of the bottom drainage module has a diversion structure, and the water collection place of the diversion structure is connected to a drain pipe. The seepage liquid flowing out of the water collection main pipe and the grid holes is guided by the diversion structure and enters the drain pipe for unified external discharge;

[0011] The feeding port is opened on the bottom drainage module, and the feeding port and the percolation plate are respectively located on both sides of the seepage baffle;

[0012] The material stirring and pushing mechanism is used to stir the perishable garbage materials on the percolation plate regularly, push the perishable garbage materials along the inclined direction of the plate body, and fall from the feeding port onto the percolation plate in the composting drainage structure of the next layer.

[0013] As a preference of the above first aspect, the cross-sectional dimensions of the grooves and the capillary holes are both in millimeters, and the width of the grooves is less than the aperture of the capillary holes.

[0014] As a preference of the above first aspect, the material stirring and pushing mechanism includes a mixer and a slide rail. The slide rail is installed above each layer of the material loading platform. The base of the mixer is installed on the slide rail through a traveling mechanism and is driven by the traveling mechanism to move in the space above the percolation plate.

[0015] Preferably, in the first aspect described above, the height of the stirring head of the blender can be adjusted up and down to control the distance between the stirring head and the percolation plate.

[0016] Preferably, in the first aspect described above, the compost drainage structure is arranged in the device housing in a vertically alternating laminated form, and the installation sides of adjacent two layers of the compost drainage structure in the device housing are opposite, so that the feeding port of the upper layer of the compost drainage structure is located at the top of the falling material area of the percolation plate in the lower layer of the compost drainage structure.

[0017] Preferably, in the first aspect described above, the diversion structure on the bottom drainage module includes a front water collection tank, a slope panel and a water collection groove. The water collection tank is arranged below the water outlet positions of the water collection main pipe and the grid holes; the slope panels are arranged in pairs below the arrangement area of the percolation and drainage unit. A water collection groove connecting the water collection tank and the drain pipe is in the middle of each pair of slope panels. Each slope panel has a water collection slope for guiding the leachate on the panel surface into the water collection groove, and the water collection groove also has a water collection slope for guiding the leachate in the groove into the drain pipe.

[0018] Preferably, in the first aspect described above, the assembly seams between the percolation and drainage units and the through holes and grooves are all treated for water stoppage.

[0019] Preferably, in the first aspect described above, there is a temporary storage space below the lowest compost drainage structure in the device housing.

[0020] Preferably, in the first aspect described above, the top percolation and drainage module is installed in the percolation plate in a detachable form, and the thickness of the percolation and drainage unit is the same as that of the percolation plate.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for composting and draining perishable garbage by using the perishable garbage vertical composting and draining device according to any one of the first aspects described above. The specific method is as follows:

[0022] Input the perishable garbage to be composted into the device housing, and first stack it on the percolation plate of the first layer of the compost drainage structure; according to the preset stirring frequency during the composting process, the perishable garbage material is stirred regularly by the material stirring and pushing mechanism, and the perishable garbage material is pushed to gradually move along the percolation plate, and falls layer by layer from the upper layer of the fertilizer drainage structure into the lower layer of the compost drainage structure through the feeding port, realizing a zigzag form of pushing inside the device housing; during the process of the perishable garbage material being pushed in a zigzag form inside the device housing, the oxygen for aerobic composting is provided by the regular stirring of the material stirring and pushing mechanism and the material dropping process between the upper and lower layers of the compost drainage structure.

[0023] Meanwhile, the leachate generated during the fermentation process of perishable waste materials is discharged through the top leachate drainage modules on each leachate plate passed through during the zigzag movement; the top leachate drainage modules suck the leachate in the materials through the capillary water absorption of the capillary water-permeable drainage belt and the water collection tank holes and collect it through the water-permeable branch pipes and the main water collection pipe to the bottom drainage module; some of the leachate that does not discharge from the top leachate drainage module is blocked by the leachate baffle and discharged to the bottom drainage module through the grid holes; the leachate accumulated in all the bottom drainage modules in each layer of compost drainage structure is uniformly discharged into the external sewage treatment equipment through the drain pipe.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1) The present invention uses the capillary siphon action of the leachate drainage unit and the self-flow surface grid holes to construct a multi-channel drainage channel, effectively avoiding debris blockage, enabling the efficient and rapid discharge of fermentation leachate, and being able to avoid problems such as excessive moisture content in the fermentation materials and a series of problems caused thereby.

[0026] 2) The leachate drainage unit of the present invention based on modular design is convenient for maintenance, cleaning and replacement while achieving efficient drainage, and can play a role for a long time.

[0027] 3) The leachate plate and the bottom drainage module of the present invention are arranged with different slope directions, and other compost settings, such as the aeration ventilation module, etc., can be arranged in the included angle space; moreover, the gas-liquid-solid three phases are effectively separated and fused during the fermentation process, which can improve the subsequent ventilation and oxygen supply effects, accelerate the material fermentation process, and ensure the quality of the fermentation products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical compost drainage device for perishable waste;

[0029] Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a single-layer compost drainage structure;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a material bearing platform;

[0031] Figure 4 is a plan view of the material bearing platform;

[0032] Figure 5 is Figure 4 the A-A sectional view of

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the top leachate drainage module;

[0034] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the leachate drainage unit;

[0035] Figure 8It is a schematic plan view of the seepage drainage unit;

[0036] Figure 9 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the capillary water-permeable drainage belt;

[0037] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural view of the bottom drainage module;

[0038] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: percolation plate 1, top seepage drainage module 2, bottom drainage module 3, seepage baffle 4, feeding port 5, device housing 6, mixer 7, slide rail 8, material bearing platform 9, grid hole 101, through hole groove 102, seepage drainage unit 201, seepage branch pipe 202, water collection main pipe 203, capillary water-permeable drainage belt 2011, water collection tank hole 2012, groove 20111, capillary hole 20112, front water collection tank 301, slope panel 302, water collection groove 303, drain pipe 304. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will describe the detailed implementation manners of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without conflict.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, that is, there is an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as being "directly" connected to another element, there is no intermediate element.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for the purpose of distinguishing descriptions, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0042] Such as Figure 1As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a vertical compost drainage device for perishable waste is provided. In the housing 6 of the device, multiple layers of compost drainage structures are stacked one above the other. This device changes the layout of the compost setting from a horizontal planar layout to a vertical layout, enabling the perishable waste to utilize the vertical space to achieve aerobic composting of the materials and reducing the land occupation area. Each layer of the compost drainage structure includes a material carrying platform 9 and a material stirring and pushing mechanism. The specific number of layers of the compost drainage structure can be reasonably optimized according to actual process requirements.

[0043] As Figure 2 shown, the specific layout form of the single-layer compost drainage structure and the material stirring and pushing mechanism is presented. The material stirring and pushing mechanism can be any device capable of pushing the perishable waste materials to move on the material carrying platform 9. In the embodiment of the present invention, the material stirring and pushing mechanism includes a mixer 7 and a slide rail 8. The slide rail 8 is installed in the space above each layer of the material carrying platform 9. The stirring head of the mixer 7 faces downward, and its base is installed on the slide rail 8 through a traveling mechanism and is driven to move in the space above the material carrying platform 9 by the traveling mechanism. The slide rail 8 can be one or more, and is generally installed horizontally. If the lateral stirring range of the material carrying platform 9 is large and the mixer 7 cannot fully stir the materials in a single time, slide rails 8 in both horizontal and vertical directions on the horizontal plane can be further provided to form a cross positioning platform, enabling the mixer 7 to fully stir the materials at different positions. In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure that the mixer 7 can also push the materials towards the discharge port during the stirring process of the perishable waste materials, a push plate perpendicular to the direction of the stirring shaft is provided on the stirring head. During the rotation of the stirring head, the push plate rotates in a single direction, thereby driving the materials to translate while stirring.

[0044] As Figure 3 shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the material carrying platform includes a percolation plate 1, a top percolation and drainage module 2, a bottom drainage module 3, a water seepage baffle 4, and a feeding port 5. Among them, the main body of the bottom drainage module 3 is a horizontally arranged platform plate, and the percolation plate 1 is installed on the bottom drainage module 3, and the plate body of the percolation plate 1 has a drainage slope. The top percolation and drainage module 2 is cooperatively installed on the percolation plate 1. The percolation plate 1 and the top percolation and drainage module 2 are jointly used to carry the perishable waste materials to be composted. A plurality of through holes 102 are arranged in an array on the percolation plate 1, and grid holes 101 are arranged in the lower region near the water seepage baffle 4.

[0045] As Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the percolation plate 1 has a certain slope relative to the top plane of the bottom drainage module 3, and its bottom is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the bottom drainage module 3. Since the perishable waste materials and the leachate gradually move from high to low along the slope of the percolation plate 1, for the convenience of description, in the present invention, the upstream and downstream are distinguished along the moving direction of the materials in the percolation plate 1. Thus, in the percolation plate 1, the top leachate drainage module 2 is relatively located upstream of the grid holes 101, and the grid holes 101 are relatively located downstream of the top leachate drainage module 2. Both the top leachate drainage module 2 and the grid holes 101 are used for draining the leachate flowing out of the perishable waste materials. Therefore, when the perishable waste materials move on the percolation plate 1, they will first pass through the top leachate drainage module 2 for drainage, and then pass through the grid holes 101 for drainage.

[0046] In the present invention, the top leachate drainage module 2 is the main drainage structure for the leachate. As Figure 6 shown, the top leachate drainage module 2 includes leachate drainage units 201, leachate branch pipes 202 and a main water collection pipe 203. Among them, there are multiple leachate drainage units 201, and each leachate drainage unit 201 can independently perform the drainage function. The number of leachate drainage units 201 in the top leachate drainage module 2 is the same as the number of through holes 102 in the percolation plate 1. Therefore, the leachate drainage units 201 are installed in the through holes 102 one by one. Since the percolation plate 1 is installed obliquely, the leachate drainage units 201 are also installed obliquely in the through holes 102, so that the upper surface of each leachate drainage unit 201 has the same drainage slope as the percolation plate 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the top leachate drainage module 2 is installed in the percolation plate 1 in a detachable form, and the thickness of the leachate drainage unit 201 in the top leachate drainage module 2 is the same as the thickness of the percolation plate 1. Thus, the top plane of the leachate drainage unit 201 is flush with the top plane of the percolation plate 1, and the bottom plane of the leachate drainage unit 201 is flush with the bottom plane of the percolation plate 1. The installation method of the leachate drainage unit 201 in the through hole 102 can be adjusted according to actual needs. It can be installed in a snap-fit form or fixed detachably by additional fixing parts such as bolts for easy disassembly and replacement.

[0047] In the above top leachate drainage module 2, the leachate in the perishable waste heap is mainly removed from the heap materials through the capillary siphon action of the leachate drainage unit 201. As Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, a series of capillary drainage belts 2011 are uniformly and densely distributed on the upper surface of the drainage unit 201, and each capillary drainage belt 2011 extends along the drainage slope direction of the drainage unit 201. A water collecting tank hole 2012 is arranged at the downstream end of each drainage unit 201 in the drainage direction, and the ends of all the capillary holes 20112 in the drainage unit 201 are uniformly connected to the water collecting tank hole 2012. The water collecting tank hole 2012 penetrates through the drainage unit 201, and a water seepage branch pipe 202 is arranged below the water collecting tank hole 2012. The leachate collected in all the capillary drainage belts 2011 is gathered into the water collecting tank hole 2012, and then falls into the water seepage branch pipe 202 below through the water collecting tank hole 2012. All the water seepage branch pipes 202 are finally uniformly connected to the main water collecting pipe 203, so that the water collecting tank hole 2012 of each drainage unit 201 is uniformly connected to the main water collecting pipe 203 through the water seepage branch pipe 202, and the leachate collected by all the drainage units 201 in the entire top drainage module 2 will finally enter the main water collecting pipe 203. In the embodiment of the present invention, the main water collecting pipe 203 is arranged along the midline of the drainage unit 201, and each water seepage branch pipe 202 is vertically arranged on both sides of the main water collecting pipe 203.

[0048] In the drainage unit 201 of the present invention, the capillary drainage belt 2011 collects leachate from the material relying on the capillary siphon phenomenon. As Figure 9 shown, a cross-sectional schematic diagram of all the capillary drainage belts 2011 in the drainage unit 201 is shown. Each capillary drainage belt 2011 is composed of parallel grooves 20111 and capillary holes 20112. The capillary holes 20112 are located inside the drainage unit 201 and have a certain distance from the upper and lower surfaces of the drainage unit 201; while the grooves 20111 are opened parallel to the capillary holes 20112 and are located above the capillary holes 20112. The top of the capillary holes 20112 is connected to the upper surface of the drainage unit 201 through the grooves 20111. In order to meet the requirements of capillary siphon, the cross-sectional dimensions of the grooves 20111 and the capillary holes 20112 in the capillary drainage belt 2011 both need to be in millimeters, and the width of the grooves 20111 is smaller than the aperture of the capillary holes 20112. The actual test results show that this kind of drainage unit 201 with capillary drainage belts 2011 has a good drainage effect on perishable garbage materials with high water content and viscous materials. When the perishable garbage material is located on the filter plate 1, its bottom contacts the top drainage module 2, and part of the leachate enters the grooves 20111 and the capillary holes 20112. And because the sizes of the grooves 20111 and the capillary holes 20112 are very small, and both have a drainage slope, so when the grooves 20111 and the capillary holes 20112 are filled with leachate, an obvious siphon effect will be generated, actively sucking the leachate from the perishable garbage material, so the drainage effect of the leachate can be improved and the water content of the perishable garbage can be reduced.

[0049] In addition, although the seepage drainage unit 201 can better achieve the drainage of perishable waste materials, since the seepage drainage unit 201 does not completely cover the percolation plate 1, there will still be some leachate that is not absorbed by the seepage drainage unit 201 and will flow down along the percolation plate 1. In order to collect this part of the leachate as much as possible, a seepage baffle 4 needs to be set up to introduce it into the grid holes 101.

[0050] As Figure 10 shown, since the percolation plate 1 has a certain oblique slope, there will be an intersection line during installation between the bottom of the percolation plate 1 and the top plane of the bottom drainage module 3. The seepage baffle 4 can be arranged along this intersection line between the bottom of the percolation plate 1 and the top plane of the bottom drainage module 3 to block the leachate that has not been collected by the top seepage drainage module 2 and make it enter the grid holes 101. Therefore, the leachate in the perishable waste materials above the percolation plate 1 will finally be discharged into the bottom drainage module 3 through the water collecting main pipe 203 and the grid holes 101. The function of the bottom drainage module 3 is to collect the leachate flowing out of the perishable waste materials above the percolation plate 1 and discharge it outside the device. The upper surface of the bottom drainage module 3 has a diversion structure, and the diversion structure is used to converge the leachate collected from different positions to a water flow convergence point, and the water flow convergence point of the diversion structure is connected to the drain pipe 304, thereby realizing that the leachate flowing out of the water collecting main pipe 203 and the grid holes 101 is guided into the drain pipe 304 through the diversion structure and is uniformly discharged outside by the drain pipe 304. The diversion structure on the bottom drainage module 3 can be set according to actual needs as long as it can play a diversion function, so it needs to have a certain drainage slope.

[0051] Continue to refer to Figure 10As shown in the figure, in the embodiment of the present invention, the diversion structure on the bottom drainage module 3 includes a front water collection tank 301, a slope panel 302, and a water collection groove 303. The water collection tank 301 is arranged below the water outlet positions of the main water collection pipe 203 and the grid holes 101. The slope panels 302 are arranged in pairs below the arrangement area of the infiltration and drainage unit 201. The middle of each pair of slope panels 302 is a water collection groove 303 that connects the water collection tank 301 and the drain pipe 304. Each slope panel 302 has a water collection slope for guiding the leachate on the panel surface into the water collection groove 303, and the water collection groove 303 also has a water collection slope for guiding the leachate in the groove into the drain pipe 304. In the embodiment of the present invention, only one pair of slope panels 302 is provided in the diversion structure. However, in practical applications, if the upper surface area of the bottom drainage module 3 is relatively large, multiple pairs of slope panels 302 can also be arranged. The main function of the slope panel 302 is to receive the leachate that seeps down from the assembly seam between the infiltration and drainage unit 201 and the through hole groove 102 above. Of course, in actual engineering, the assembly seams between the infiltration and drainage unit 201 and the through hole groove 102 need to be pre-treated for water stoppage. However, considering that the particulate matter content in the landfill leachate is relatively high, and the infiltration and drainage unit 201 and the through hole groove 102 are detachable, even after the water stoppage treatment, it is still easy to have a failure problem, and there may still be leachate leakage from the assembly seam. Therefore, in the diversion structure of the bottom drainage module 3, the arrangement area of the slope panel 302 should cover as much as possible the installation area of all the infiltration and drainage units 201, so that the leachate leaking from the assembly seam between the infiltration and drainage unit 201 and the through hole groove 102 can be completely guided into the drain pipe 304, avoiding siltation in the bottom drainage module 3.

[0052] Moreover, since there are often more particulate matters in the leachate flowing down through the grid holes 101, in order to prevent siltation, the drainage slopes of the filtration plate 1 and the diversion structure of the bottom drainage module 3 need to be ensured to be large enough. In the embodiment of the present invention, the filtration plate 1 is arranged in the direction of the slope (slope i > 0), and the bottom drainage module 3 is arranged in the reverse slope direction (slope i < 0). The specific slope needs to be determined according to the actual drainage effect and anti-siltation effect.

[0053] The overall drainage process of the perishable waste inside the device housing 6 can be described as follows: Part of the water carried by itself and generated during the fermentation process seeps into the infiltration and drainage unit 201. The seepage water enters the groove 20111 through capillary action and then enters the capillary pores 20112. Due to the relatively large slope of the infiltration plate 1, the water flow in the capillary pores 20112 flows into the water collecting tank hole 2012 by gravity. Since the water collecting tank hole 2012 is vertically arranged, the collected water can quickly flow into the water collecting branch pipe 202. The siphon effect generated during the process causes the seepage water to continuously drain outwards. The water flow in the water collecting branch pipe 202 converges into the water collecting main pipe 203 and then flows into the front water collecting tank 301 of the bottom drainage module 3 by gravity through the water collecting main pipe 203. Another part of the water passes through the surface of the infiltration plate 1 and is discharged into the front water collecting tank 301 through the grid holes 101 at its end, and then is uniformly discharged into the drain pipe 304 through the water collecting groove 303 by gravity. The external sewage treatment equipment is connected, and after the treatment reaches the standard, it is discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network.

[0054] In addition, the feeding port 5 in the present invention is opened on the bottom drainage module 3, and the feeding port 5 and the infiltration plate 1 are respectively located on both sides of the infiltration baffle 4. The function of the feeding port 5 is to input the perishable waste materials of this layer into the next layer for continuous aerobic fermentation.

[0055] Continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the compost drainage structure is arranged in the device housing 6 in a vertically alternating stacked form, and the installation sides of adjacent two layers of compost drainage structures in the device housing 6 are opposite. That is, if the upper layer of the compost drainage structure is installed on the left side of the device housing 6, then the lower layer of the compost drainage structure is installed on the right side of the device housing 6, and so on, so that the feeding port 5 of the upper layer of the compost drainage structure is located at the top of the feeding area of the infiltration plate 1 in the lower layer of the compost drainage structure. An inlet needs to be opened at the top of the device housing 6, and an outlet needs to be opened at the bottom. During the actual composting process, the material stirring and pushing mechanism can periodically stir the perishable waste materials on the infiltration plate 1, push the perishable waste materials along the inclined direction of the plate body, and fall into the infiltration plate 1 in the lower layer of the compost drainage structure from the feeding port 5. Moreover, a temporary storage space can be arranged below the lowest compost drainage structure in the device housing 6 to temporarily store the materials after the composting fermentation is completed. Of course, a conveying mechanism can also be arranged in this temporary storage space to output the materials to the outside of the device housing 6 at regular intervals.

[0056] Since the percolation plate 1 in the present invention has a certain inclination gradient, during the movement of the mixer 7 driven by the traveling mechanism in the space above the percolation plate 1, it is preferably possible to adjust the height of the mixing head. That is, the height of the mixing head of the mixer 7 is preferably able to move up and down to control the distance between the mixing head and the percolation plate 1, so that the materials on the percolation plate 1 can be fully stirred. The adjustment of the mixing head height can be achieved by setting an adjustable telescopic mixing shaft, or by setting up and down lifting equipment on the traveling mechanism, and there is no limitation on this.

[0057] It should be noted that during the mixing process of the material mixing and pushing mechanism, a certain amount of oxygen is introduced into the materials to ensure the oxygen demand for aerobic fermentation. At the same time, when the materials fall from the upper compost drainage structure to the lower compost drainage structure, it also provides part of the oxygen for aerobic composting. In addition, if additional aeration is required, the present invention can also arrange aeration equipment between the percolation plate 1 and the bottom drainage module 3 to increase the oxygen supply.

[0058] In another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a method for draining perishable garbage compost using the above-mentioned vertical compost drainage device for perishable garbage, and the specific method is as follows:

[0059] Input the perishable garbage to be composted into the device housing 6 and first stack it on the percolation plate 1 of the first-layer compost drainage structure; according to the preset mixing frequency during the composting process, the perishable garbage materials are periodically stirred by the aforementioned material mixing and pushing mechanism, and the perishable garbage materials are pushed to gradually move along the percolation plate 1 and fall layer by layer from the upper-layer compost drainage structure to the lower-layer compost drainage structure through the feeding port 5, realizing a zigzag form of pushing inside the device housing 6. Moreover, during the zigzag form of pushing of the perishable garbage materials inside the device housing 6, the periodic stirring of the aforementioned material mixing and pushing mechanism and the process of the materials falling between the upper and lower layers of compost drainage structures provide the oxygen for aerobic composting.

[0060] At the same time, the leachate generated during the fermentation process of the perishable garbage materials is discharged through the top leachate drainage module 2 on each percolation plate 1 passed through during the zigzag form of pushing; the top leachate drainage module 2 sucks the leachate in the materials through the capillary water absorption of the capillary water-permeable drainage belt 2011 and the water collecting tank holes 2012 and collects it through the leachate branch pipe 202 and the water collecting main pipe 203 to the bottom drainage module 3; part of the leachate that is not discharged from the top leachate drainage module 2 is blocked by the leachate baffle 4 and discharged to the bottom drainage module 3 through the grid holes 101; the leachate accumulated in all the bottom drainage modules 3 in each layer of compost drainage structure is uniformly discharged into the external sewage treatment equipment through the drain pipe 304.

[0061] In summary, the present invention provides a vertical composting drainage system for perishable waste. The system utilizes the capillary siphon effect of the drainage unit and the self-flow surface grille holes to construct multi-channel drainage channels. In combination with the modular drainage unit, the filtration plates arranged in different slope directions, and the bottom drainage module, it can effectively avoid debris blockage, ensure unobstructed drainage during the fermentation process of perishable waste for a long time, improve the ventilation and oxygen supply effect, guarantee the quality of fermentation products, and reduce the nuisance of malodorous gas emissions.

[0062] The above-described embodiments are only a preferred solution of the present invention, but they are not intended to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical fields can still make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical composting drainage device for perishable garbage, characterized in that, It includes a device housing (6) and a multi-layer compost drainage structure stacked layer by layer inside the device housing (6); each layer of the compost drainage structure includes a material bearing platform (9) and a material stirring and pushing mechanism; The material bearing platform includes a percolation plate (1), a top percolation and drainage module (2), a bottom drainage module (3), a water seepage baffle (4) and a feeding port (5); the percolation plate (1) is installed on the bottom drainage module (3), and the plate body has a drainage slope. The top percolation and drainage module (2) is cooperatively installed on the percolation plate (1). The percolation plate (1) and the top percolation and drainage module (2) are jointly used to bear the perishable garbage materials to be composted; A plurality of through holes (102) are formed in the percolation plate (1) in an array form, and grid holes (101) are formed in the lower area near the water seepage baffle (4); the top percolation and drainage module (2) is detachably installed in the percolation plate (1). The top percolation and drainage module (2) includes a percolation and drainage unit (201), a water seepage branch pipe (202) and a water collection main pipe (203); there are a plurality of percolation and drainage units (201), which are respectively installed in the through holes (102); the upper surface of each percolation and drainage unit (201) has the same drainage slope as the percolation plate (1), and the upper surface is evenly and densely covered with capillary water-permeable drainage belts (2011) extending along the drainage slope direction. Each capillary water-permeable drainage belt (2011) is composed of parallel grooves (20111) and capillary pores (20112). The capillary pores (20112) are located inside the percolation and drainage unit (201), and the top of the capillary pores (20112) is connected to the upper surface of the percolation and drainage unit (201) through the grooves (20111); a water collection tank hole (2012) is arranged at the downstream end of each percolation and drainage unit (201) in the drainage direction, and the ends of all the capillary pores (20112) are uniformly connected to the water collection tank hole (2012); the water collection tank holes (2012) of each percolation and drainage unit (201) are uniformly connected to the water collection main pipe (203) through the water seepage branch pipes (202); The water seepage baffle (4) is arranged along the intersection line of the bottom of the percolation plate (1) and the top plane of the bottom drainage module (3) to block the percolate that has not been collected by the top percolation and drainage module (2) and make it enter the grid holes (101); The upper surface of the bottom drainage module (3) has a diversion structure, and the water flow collection place of the diversion structure is connected to a drain pipe (304). The percolate flowing out from the water collection main pipe (203) and the grid holes (101) is guided by the diversion structure into the drain pipe (304) for unified external discharge; The feeding port (5) is opened on the bottom drainage module (3), and the feeding port (5) and the percolation plate (1) are respectively located on both sides of the water seepage baffle (4); The material stirring and pushing mechanism is used to periodically stir the perishable garbage materials on the percolation plate (1), push the perishable garbage materials along the inclined direction of the plate body, and fall from the feeding port (5) onto the percolation plate (1) in the next layer of the compost drainage structure; The material stirring and pushing mechanism includes a mixer (7) and a slide rail (8). The slide rail (8) is installed above each layer of the material bearing platform (9). The base of the mixer (7) is installed on the slide rail (8) through a traveling mechanism, and is driven by the traveling mechanism to move in the space above the percolation plate (1); The height of the stirring head of the mixer (7) can be raised and lowered to control the distance between the stirring head and the percolation plate (1).

2. The vertical composting drainage device for perishable garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional dimensions of both the groove (20111) and the capillary pore (20112) are in millimeters, and the width of the groove (20111) is smaller than the pore diameter of the capillary pore (20112).

3. The vertical composting drainage device for perishable garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compost drainage structure is arranged in the device housing (6) in a vertically alternating stacked form, and the installation sides of adjacent two layers of the compost drainage structure in the device housing (6) are opposite, so that the feeding port (5) of the upper layer of the compost drainage structure is located at the top of the falling material area of the percolation plate (1) in the lower layer of the compost drainage structure.

4. The perishable waste vertical composting drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion structure on the bottom drainage module (3) includes a front water collecting tank (301), a slope panel (302) and a water collecting groove (303). The water collecting tank (301) is arranged below the water outlet positions of the water collecting main pipe (203) and the grid holes (101); The slope panels (302) are arranged in pairs below the arrangement area of the infiltration and drainage unit (201). A water collecting groove (303) connecting the water collecting tank (301) and the drain pipe (304) is in the middle of each pair of slope panels (302). Each slope panel (302) has a water collecting slope for guiding the leachate on the panel surface into the water collecting groove (303), and the water collecting groove (303) also has a water collecting slope for guiding the leachate in the groove into the drain pipe (304).

5. The vertical composting drainage device for perishable garbage according to claim 1, wherein, The assembly seams between the infiltration and drainage unit (201) and the through hole groove (102) are all treated for water stoppage.

6. The vertical composting drainage device for perishable garbage according to claim 1, wherein There is a temporary storage space below the lowest compost drainage structure in the device housing (6).

7. The vertical composting drainage device for perishable garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the infiltration and drainage unit (201) is the same as the thickness of the percolation plate (1).

8. A method for draining perishable waste compost, which uses the vertical compost drainage device for perishable waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized in that, Including: Input the perishable garbage to be composted into the device housing (6), and first stack it on the percolation plate (1) of the first layer of the compost drainage structure; According to the preset stirring frequency during the composting process, the material stirring and pushing mechanism periodically stirs the perishable garbage material, pushes the perishable garbage material to gradually move along the percolation plate (1), and falls layer by layer from the upper layer of the fertilizer drainage structure to the lower layer of the compost drainage structure through the feeding port (5), realizing a zigzag form of pushing inside the device housing (6); During the process of the perishable garbage material being pushed in a zigzag form inside the device housing (6), the periodic stirring of the material stirring and pushing mechanism and the material dropping process between the upper and lower layers of the compost drainage structure provide oxygen for aerobic composting; Meanwhile, the leachate generated during the fermentation process of perishable waste materials is discharged through the top leachate drainage module (2) on each leachate filter plate (1) during the process of being pushed in a zigzag form; the top leachate drainage module (2) sucks the leachate in the materials through the capillary water absorption of the capillary water-permeable drainage belt (2011) and the water collection tank holes (2012) and converges it to the bottom drainage module (3) through the leachate branch pipes (202) and the main water collection pipe (203); part of the leachate that is not discharged from the top leachate drainage module (2) is discharged to the bottom drainage module (3) through the grid holes (101) under the blockage of the leachate baffle (4); the leachate accumulated in all the bottom drainage modules (3) in each layer of compost drainage structure is uniformly discharged into the external sewage treatment equipment through the drain pipe (304).

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