Impact rotary rapid drilling tools and control methods applicable to variable formations

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of underground engineering drilling and provides a percussion rotary rapid drilling tool and control method suitable for varying geological formations. The percussion rotary rapid drilling tool includes: a rotary power mechanism, a drill pipe, an impactor, and an integrated percussion rotary drill bit. The rotary power mechanism is connected to the tail end of the drill pipe and provides the torque required for drilling and rock breaking. The integrated percussion rotary drill bit has several cutting teeth and impact teeth distributed on it. The cutting teeth are mounted on the drill bit body, and the impact teeth are arranged between the cutting teeth, with the cutting teeth being higher than the impact teeth. The cutting teeth can be exposed or hidden on the integrated percussion rotary drill bit. The impactor is installed between the drill pipe and the integrated percussion rotary drill bit to provide the impact force required for drilling and rock breaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground engineering drilling, and particularly relates to an impact rotary rapid drilling tool and control method suitable for varying geological formations. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Engineering drilling rigs are widely used in mineral resource exploration and development, as well as large-scale infrastructure construction, due to their high construction speed and high degree of automation and mechanization. When geological drilling rigs are in operation, it is necessary to select the appropriate type of drilling tool for different lithologies and hardness formations to achieve the best drilling results. Traditional rotary drilling tools rely on the rotation of drill teeth to scrape and break rocks, which can achieve good results in soft rock and medium-strength rock formations (uniaxial strength ≤100MPa). However, in hard rock and extremely hard rock formations, the drill teeth of rotary drilling tools are difficult to effectively cut the rock, resulting in poor drilling efficiency. Percussion drilling tools have greater impact kinetic energy and can effectively break the rock ahead, which is advantageous in hard rock formations. However, as the rock strength decreases, the impact breaking efficiency gradually decreases.

[0004] In real geological conditions, there are often complex strata with varying lithology and weak, uneven rock. If the drilling rig relies on only a single type of drilling tool, the construction speed will inevitably be affected. If the drilling rig and drilling tools are constantly changed according to the stratum information, the construction cycle will also be seriously affected due to the frequent loading and unloading of drill rods and preparation for construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides an impact rotary rapid drilling tool and control method suitable for strata with variable formations, which can quickly switch between rotary / impact working modes according to the lithology of the formation, thereby improving the formation breaking efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides an impact-rotary rapid drilling tool suitable for varying formations, comprising: a rotary power mechanism, a drill rod, an impactor, and an integrated impact-rotary drill bit;

[0008] The rotary power mechanism is connected to the tail end of the drill pipe and is used to provide the torque required for drilling and rock breaking;

[0009] The impact-rotary integrated drill bit has a plurality of cutting teeth and impact teeth distributed thereon. The cutting teeth are mounted on the drill bit body, and the impact teeth are arranged between the cutting teeth. The height of the cutting teeth is higher than that of the impact teeth. The cutting teeth may be exposed or hidden on the impact-rotary integrated drill bit.

[0010] The impactor is installed between the drill pipe and the impact-rotary drill bit to provide the impact force required for drilling and rock breaking.

[0011] In one embodiment, the impactor is provided with a first slag discharge channel and a second slag discharge channel. When the drill string is switched to rotary working mode, the drilling slag discharge fluid is transmitted and delivered to the drill bit through the first slag discharge channel; when the drill string is switched to impact working mode, the drilling slag discharge fluid is transmitted and delivered to the drill bit through the second slag discharge channel.

[0012] In one implementation, a first slag discharge pipe check valve is provided in the first slag discharge channel.

[0013] In one embodiment, a second slag discharge pipe check valve is provided in the second slag discharge channel.

[0014] In one implementation, the cutting teeth are arranged in a streamlined multi-wing configuration.

[0015] In one embodiment, the cutting teeth are mounted on the drill bit body via a lifting device.

[0016] In one embodiment, the lifting device includes an outlet baffle, a lifting platform, and a lifting cylinder. The outlet baffle is placed at the top of the lifting platform to form a sealed space, and the lifting cylinder is located inside the lifting platform to drive the cutting teeth to rise or fall.

[0017] In one embodiment, the impactor is connected to the front end of the drill pipe via a rear connector, and a check valve is provided on one side of the rear connector.

[0018] In one implementation, the check valve is connected to the cylinder via a gas distribution seat. A piston is slidably installed inside the cylinder. The cylinder drives the piston to reciprocate, thereby impacting the impact rotary drill bit at the front end of the piston to achieve the rock-breaking function.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides a control method for an impact rotary rapid drilling tool suitable for varying formations, comprising:

[0020] Determine the properties of the current formation being drilled by the drilling rig, and control the impact rotary drill bit to switch to the matching working mode based on the properties of the current formation;

[0021] When the drilling rig drills into soft rock or medium-hard strata, the control impactor stops working, the retractable cutting teeth extend, and the slag discharge medium is transmitted through the first slag discharge channel to scrape and break the rock by rotation.

[0022] When the machine drills into hard rock formations, the impactor is controlled to operate, the retractable cutting teeth retract, and the slag discharge medium is transmitted through the second slag discharge channel to break the rock through impact.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] (1) This invention takes into account the drilling advantages of "rotary drilling rig" and "impact drilling rig", and redesigns the mechanical structure of the drilling tool based on the existing drilling tool. The impact-rotary integrated drill bit has several cutting teeth and impact teeth. The cutting teeth can be exposed or hidden on the impact-rotary integrated drill bit. This allows the rotary / impact working mode to be switched at any time according to the formation information, which improves the formation breaking efficiency.

[0025] (2) A new type of impactor was designed to solve the problem of slag discharge channel design when switching between rotary and impact modes. The impactor is equipped with a first slag discharge channel and a second slag discharge channel. The first slag discharge channel is used to transmit drilling slag discharge fluid when rotating to break rock, and the second slag discharge channel is used to transmit drilling slag discharge fluid when impacting to break rock. When the drill bit is switched to rotary working mode, the cylinder does not work, the second slag discharge channel stops transmitting slag discharge fluid, and the drilling slag discharge fluid is transmitted by the first slag discharge channel and delivered to the drill bit. When the drill bit is switched to impact working mode, the cylinder drives the piston to reciprocate and impact the impact rotary integrated drill bit at the front end of the piston. The first slag discharge channel stops transmitting slag discharge fluid, and the drilling slag discharge fluid is transmitted by the second slag discharge channel and delivered to the drill bit.

[0026] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an impact rotary rapid drilling tool suitable for variable formations according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the drill pipe.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of an integrated impact-rotation drill bit.

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic of the lifting mechanism.

[0032] in:

[0033] 1. Rotary power mechanism; 2. Drill rod; 3. Impactor; 4. Integrated impact and rotary drill bit;

[0034] 31. Rear connector; 32. Check valve; 33. Air distribution seat; 34. Cylinder; 35. Piston; 36. First slag discharge pipe; 37. Second slag discharge pipe; 38. First slag discharge pipe check valve; 39. Second slag discharge pipe check valve;

[0035] 41. Cutting teeth; 42. Lifting device; 43. Impact teeth; 44. Slag discharge port;

[0036] 421. Outlet baffle; 422. Lifting platform; 423. Lifting cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0039] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0040] according to Figures 1-4 This embodiment provides an impact-rotary rapid drilling tool suitable for varied formations, which includes: a rotary power mechanism 1, a drill rod 2, an impactor 3, and an integrated impact-rotary drill bit 4;

[0041] The rotary power mechanism 1 is connected to the tail end of the drill rod 2 and is used to provide the torque required for drilling and rock breaking;

[0042] The impact-rotary integrated drill bit 4 has a plurality of cutting teeth 41 and impact teeth 43 distributed on it. The cutting teeth 41 are mounted on the drill bit body, and the impact teeth 43 are arranged between the cutting teeth 41, with the height of the cutting teeth 41 being higher than that of the impact teeth 43. The cutting teeth 41 can be exposed or hidden on the impact-rotary integrated drill bit. The impact-rotary integrated drill bit 4 has a plurality of slag discharge ports 44 for circulating slag discharge and cooling the drill bit. Figure 3 As shown. In specific implementation, the cutting teeth 41 adopt a streamlined multi-wing arrangement. The cutting teeth 41 are mounted on the drill bit body via a lifting device 42.

[0043] The lifting device 42 includes an outlet baffle 421, a lifting platform 422, and a lifting cylinder 423. The outlet baffle 421 is placed at the top of the lifting platform 422 to form a sealed space. The lifting cylinder 423 is located inside the lifting platform 422 and is used to drive the cutting teeth to lift or lower.

[0044] In the specific implementation process, the impactor 3 is provided with a first slag discharge channel 36 and a second slag discharge channel 37. When the drill string is switched to the rotary working mode, the drilling slag discharge fluid is transmitted and delivered to the impact-rotary integrated drill bit 4 through the first slag discharge channel 36; when the drill string is switched to the impact working mode, the drilling slag discharge fluid is transmitted and delivered to the impact-rotary integrated drill bit 4 through the second slag discharge channel 37.

[0045] To ensure that the slag discharge fluid transmitted by the first slag discharge channel 36 and the second slag discharge channel 37 does not overflow into the other channel, a first slag discharge channel check valve 38 and a second slag discharge channel check valve 39 are respectively installed in the first slag discharge channel 36 and the second slag discharge channel 37 to ensure that all the drilling fluid transmitted by the drill rod is delivered to the impact rotary integrated drill bit 4 for circulating slag discharge and cooling the drill bit.

[0046] The impactor 3 is installed between the drill rod and the impact-rotation integrated drill bit 4 to provide the impact force required for drilling and rock breaking.

[0047] The impactor is connected to the front end of the drill pipe via a rear connector, and a check valve is provided on one side of the rear connector. The check valve is connected to a cylinder via a gas distribution seat, and a piston is slidably installed inside the cylinder. The cylinder drives the piston to reciprocate, thereby impacting the impact rotary drill bit at the front end of the piston to achieve the rock-breaking function.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the novel impactor supporting switching between rotary and impact working modes consists of a rear connector 31, a check valve 32, an air distribution seat 33, a cylinder 34, a piston 35, a first slag discharge pipe 36, a second slag discharge pipe 37, a one-way valve 38 for the first slag discharge pipe, and a one-way valve 39 for the second slag discharge pipe. The impactor 3 is connected to the front end of the drill rod 2 via the rear connector 31. A check valve 32 is located on the right side of the rear connector 31. The right side of the check valve 32 is placed on the air distribution seat 33. A cylinder 34 is located on the right side of the air distribution seat 33. A piston 35 is slidably installed inside the cylinder 34. Under the action of an external pump station, the cylinder 34 drives the piston 35 to reciprocate, impacting the impact-rotary integrated drill bit 4 on the right side of the piston 35, thereby achieving the rock-breaking function.

[0049] like Figure 4As shown, when the drill bit is switched to rotary mode, the outlet baffle 421 opens, and the lifting cylinder 423 in the lifting device 42 pushes the lifting platform 422 to rise. The cutting teeth 41 are exposed from inside the lifting device 42, and the tooth height of the extended cutting teeth 41 is higher than that of the impact teeth 43. The impact rotary integrated drill bit 4 mainly relies on the rotation of the cutting teeth 41 to scrape and break the rock. When the drill bit is switched to rotary mode, the lifting cylinder 423 in the lifting device 42 drives the lifting platform 422 to descend, and the cutting teeth 41 are hidden inside the lifting device 42. The outlet baffle 421 is closed to form a sealed space. Only the impact teeth 43 are on the outside of the impact rotary integrated drill bit 4. At this time, the impact rotary integrated drill bit 4 relies on impact to break the rock.

[0050] The drilling tool described in this embodiment can switch between rotation / impact working modes according to geological information to achieve efficient tunneling in complex and variable strata.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, a control method for an impact rotary rapid drilling tool suitable for varying formations is provided, comprising:

[0052] Determine the properties of the current formation being drilled by the drilling rig, and control the impact rotary drill bit to switch to the matching working mode based on the properties of the current formation;

[0053] When the drilling rig drills into soft rock or medium-hard strata, the control impactor stops working, the retractable cutting teeth extend, and the slag discharge medium is transmitted through the first slag discharge channel to scrape and break the rock by rotation.

[0054] When the machine drills into hard rock formations, the impactor is controlled to operate, the retractable cutting teeth retract, and the slag discharge medium is transmitted through the second slag discharge channel to break the rock through impact.

[0055] This embodiment fully considers the advantages and disadvantages of rotary drilling rigs and percussion drilling rigs. Traditional rotary drilling tools rely on rotating cutting teeth to scrape and break rock, achieving good results in soft rock and medium-strength rock formations (uniaxial strength ≤100MPa). However, due to insufficient cutting ability of the cutting teeth, they are difficult to effectively cut rock in hard rock and extremely hard rock formations (uniaxial strength ≥100MPa), resulting in poor drilling efficiency. Percussion drilling tools rely on an impactor to impact the drill bit to break rock, generating a large amount of energy instantaneously, which is beneficial for breaking hard and extremely hard rock. However, in soft rock and medium-strength rock formations, the deformation of soft rock and medium-strength rock is relatively large, limiting the efficiency of percussion rock breaking. This embodiment improves existing drilling tools to obtain a new type of drilling tool that can switch between rotary and percussion working modes based on formation information, including a rotary power mechanism, drill rod, impactor, and an integrated rotary-percussion drill bit. The drill rod is connected to a rotary power mechanism at its tail end to provide the torque required for drilling and rock breaking. An impactor is installed between the drill rod and the integrated impact-rotation drill bit to provide the impact force required for drilling and rock breaking. The integrated impact-rotation drill bit is equipped with retractable cutting teeth and impact teeth. The retractable cutting teeth consist of ordinary cutting teeth and a lifting device, which can extend or retract the cutting teeth. When the drill rig drills into soft rock or medium-hard strata, the impactor stops working, the retractable cutting teeth extend, and the first slag discharge channel transmits the slag discharge medium. The drill rig mainly relies on rotary scraping to break the rock. When the drill rig drills into hard rock strata, the impactor works, the retractable cutting teeth retract, the second slag discharge channel transmits the slag discharge medium, and the drill rig mainly relies on impact to break the rock.

[0056] This embodiment presents a rapid drilling impact rotary drill rod. The drill rod's tail end is connected to a rotary power mechanism to provide the torque required for drilling and rock breaking. An impactor is installed between the drill rod and the integrated impact rotary drill bit to provide the impact force required for drilling and rock breaking. This embodiment designs a novel impactor that solves the problem of slag discharge channel design when switching between rotary and impact modes. The impactor mainly includes a rear connector, a check valve, an air distribution seat, a cylinder, a piston, a first slag discharge channel, and a second slag discharge channel. The impactor is connected to the front end of the drill rod via the rear connector. A check valve is provided on one side of the rear connector. The right side of the check valve is the air distribution seat, and the right side of the air distribution seat is the cylinder. A piston is slidably installed inside the cylinder. The cylinder drives the piston to reciprocate, impacting the integrated impact rotary drill bit at the front end of the piston to achieve the impact rock breaking function. The impactor has a first slag discharge channel and a second slag discharge channel. The first slag discharge channel... The first slag discharge channel is used to transport drilling slag discharge fluid during rotary rock breaking, while the second slag discharge channel is used to transport drilling slag discharge fluid during impact rock breaking. When the drill string switches to rotary working mode, the cylinder does not work, the second slag discharge channel stops transporting slag discharge fluid, and the drilling slag discharge fluid is transported and delivered to the drill bit by the first slag discharge channel. When the drill string switches to impact working mode, the cylinder drives the piston to reciprocate, impacting the impact-rotation integrated drill bit at the front end of the piston. The first slag discharge channel stops transporting slag discharge fluid, and the drilling slag discharge fluid is transported and delivered to the drill bit by the second slag discharge channel.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A percussive rotary fast drilling tool suitable for use in variable formations, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a rotary percussion integrated drill bit, a drill rod and a percussion device. The rotary percussion integrated drill bit is connected to the tail end of the drill rod, and is used to provide the torque required for drilling and breaking rocks. The rotary percussion integrated drill bit is provided with a plurality of cutting teeth and percussion teeth, the cutting teeth are installed on the drill bit body, the percussion teeth are arranged between the cutting teeth, and the height of the cutting teeth is higher than that of the percussion teeth; the cutting teeth can be exposed or hidden on the rotary percussion integrated drill bit; the cutting teeth are installed on the drill bit body through a lifting device; the lifting device comprises an outlet baffle, a lifting platform and a lifting oil cylinder; the outlet baffle is arranged at the top end of the lifting platform; when the drilling tool is switched to the rotary mode, the outlet baffle is opened; when the drilling tool is switched to the percussion mode, the outlet baffle is closed to form a sealed space; the lifting oil cylinder is arranged in the lifting platform and is used to drive the cutting teeth to be lifted or lowered. The percussion device is arranged between the drill rod and the rotary percussion integrated drill bit, and is used to provide the impact force required for drilling and breaking rocks; the percussion device is provided with a first deslagging channel and a second deslagging channel; when the drilling tool is switched to the rotary working mode, the drilling deslagging liquid is transmitted by the first deslagging channel and is delivered to the drill bit; when the drilling tool is switched to the percussion working mode, the drilling deslagging liquid is transmitted by the second deslagging channel and is delivered to the drill bit; the first deslagging channel is provided with a first deslagging pipeline one-way valve, and the second deslagging channel is provided with a second deslagging pipeline one-way valve, so as to prevent the deslagging liquid transmitted by the first deslagging channel and the second deslagging channel from overflowing into the other channel. The cutting teeth are arranged in a streamlined and multi-wing manner.

2. The percussive rotary quick-drilling tool suitable for use in a variable formation according to claim 1, wherein, The percussion device is connected to the front end of the drill rod through a rear joint, and the rear joint is provided with a check valve.

3. The percussive rotary rapid drilling tool suitable for use in a variable formation according to claim 1, wherein, The check valve is connected to a gas cylinder through a gas distribution seat, a piston is slidably arranged in the gas cylinder, the gas cylinder drives the piston to reciprocate, and then impacts the rotary percussion integrated drill bit at the front end of the piston, so as to realize the function of breaking rocks by percussion.

4. The percussive rotary quick-drilling tool suitable for use in a variable formation according to claim 3, wherein, The utility model relates to a rotary percussion integrated drill bit, a drill rod and a percussion device.

5. A control method for a percussive rotary fast drilling tool suitable for variable formations as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, When the drilling machine drills soft rocks or medium-hard rocks, the percussion device is controlled to stop working, the telescopic cutting teeth are extended, the deslagging medium is transmitted by the first deslagging channel, and the rocks are broken by scraping in a rotary manner. When the drilling machine drills hard rocks, the percussion device is controlled to work, the telescopic cutting teeth are retracted, the deslagging medium is transmitted by the second deslagging channel, and the rocks are broken by percussion. ​ ​

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