Multifunctional test device and method for simulating rock breaking state of tunnel boring machine cutter

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of geotechnical construction simulation, and provides a multifunctional test device and method for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter. The multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of the tunnel boring machine cutter comprises a vertical force loading mechanism connected to the top plate of a main frame, a tail end of the vertical force loading mechanism connected to a multi-mode cutter seat, and the vertical force loading mechanism providing a vertical cutting force to the multi-mode cutter seat; a tangential force loading mechanism connected to the bottom plate of the main frame, a tail end of the tangential force loading mechanism connected to the multi-mode cutter seat, and the tangential force loading mechanism providing a tangential force to the multi-mode cutter seat; the main frame is used to bear all cutting counterforces in the rock breaking process; the multifunctional test sample box adopts a detachable and combined design, can realize the fixation and positioning of test samples of any size in the space of the test bench, and allows the clamping surface to have a certain cutting inclination and defects; the rock box has an angle adjustment function, can adjust the installation angle of the test sample according to the experimental requirements, and truly simulates the stress state of the cutter when the tunnel boring machine breaks rocks.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of geotechnical construction simulation, and particularly relates to a multifunctional test device and method for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter. BACKGROUND

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute the prior art.

[0003] Tunnel engineering is widely used in the construction of railway, highway, urban rail transit, long-distance water transfer and other fields. Tunnel boring machines have the advantages of high automation and fast excavation speed, and have become the preferred construction equipment for urban tunnel excavation. However, with the increasing density of urban buildings and the continuous development of underground space, the situation of tunnel boring machines encountering existing buildings (especially pile foundations) is increasing, which brings new challenges to tunnel construction. When a tunnel boring machine encounters an underground building, traditional methods such as adjusting the route, pulling out the pile in place, drilling the pile in a vertical shaft, and opening the warehouse for blasting can be implemented to cross, but this brings a series of problems such as high cost, long construction period, and large disturbance. Moreover, in complex environments such as urban building-dense areas and urban traffic trunk lines, the ground and underground engineering conditions do not support the implementation of the above methods, and the problem of forced obstacle crossing must be faced. Therefore, exploring the rock breaking state of the tunnel boring machine cutter is a key issue that needs to be addressed urgently.

[0004] Tunnel boring machines are large and complex devices, and have strong specificity for geology. Geological conditions affect the structure and performance parameters of tunnel boring machines. Existing mathematical and mechanical models cannot accurately describe the influence of various factors on the rock breaking efficiency of the cutter. Moreover, the construction site environment is harsh, and conducting tests on the construction site requires bearing huge safety risks and economic costs. Therefore, building a rock breaking test bench for indoor testing, comprehensively and in-depth exploring the interaction mechanism between various cutters of the tunnel boring machine and the rock-soil, clarifying the main control factors affecting rock breaking, revealing the rock breaking mechanism of the tunnel boring machine cutter, and establishing an efficient rock breaking method for the tunnel boring machine have important practical significance.

[0005] Existing test benches are mainly divided into linear cutting test benches and rotary test benches, but they have some limitations in research work:

[0006] (1) In the actual tunneling process, the cutter contacts the rock in front of the working face not vertically, and in general, the contact angle of the cutter and the rock changes due to the influence of the shape of the rock. The test platform designed in this test platform can not only be used to install rock samples for simulating the rock breaking of the cutter, but also can install reinforced concrete samples for simulating the rock breaking of the cutter. The sample box has an angle adjustment function, which can truly simulate the inclination angle change of the cutter and the sample during the rock breaking of the tunnel boring machine, and restore the construction state. The existing test bench does not have this function. For example, the patent "test bench capable of simulating behaviors of cutters at various positions of cutter head" (patent number: CN201911412809.4) solves the problem that the existing linear cutting test bench cannot simulate the working conditions of cutters with various installation radii during tunneling, but does not consider the inclination angle change between the cutter and the sample.

[0007] (2) The existing test bench rock box is generally a fixed structure, and the size of the sample is strictly required. It is difficult to install and position if the sample is too large or too small. At the same time, the clamping surface is required to have a certain parallelism to facilitate clamping. The rock box of the test platform of the present disclosure is designed to be detachable and combined, which can meet the clamping and positioning of various size tests in the space of the test bench. The clamping mechanism adopts a screw and baffle structure, which allows a certain inclination or unevenness of the clamping surface, and has a small requirement for the sample. Most of the existing test benches do not have this function. SUMMARY

[0008] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background art, the present application provides a multifunctional test device and method for simulating the rock breaking state of the cutter of a tunnel boring machine. The purpose is to establish an indoor linear cutting test platform for studying the rock breaking law of different cutters of a tunnel boring machine, revealing the rock breaking mechanism of different cutters, and establishing an efficient rock breaking method of a tunnel boring machine.

[0009] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0010] The first aspect of the present application provides a multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of the cutter of a tunnel boring machine.

[0011] A multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of the cutter of a tunnel boring machine comprises a main frame, a vertical force loading mechanism, a multi-mode cutter seat, a tangential force loading mechanism and a sample box.

[0012] The vertical force loading mechanism is connected to the top plate of the main frame, and the tail end of the vertical force loading mechanism is connected to the multi-mode cutter seat and provides a vertical cutting force to the multi-mode cutter seat.

[0013] The tangential force loading mechanism is connected to the bottom plate of the main frame, and the tail end of the tangential force loading mechanism is connected to the multi-mode cutter seat and provides a tangential force to the multi-mode cutter seat.

[0014] The main body frame is used for bearing all cutting counterforces in the rock breaking process.

[0015] The sample box is arranged between the bottom plate of the main body frame and the multi-mode cutter seat, and the sample box can adjust the installation angle of the sample according to the test requirement, so as to truly simulate the force state of the cutter when the rock breaking machine breaks rocks.

[0016] As an implementation form, the main body frame comprises a top plate, a side support plate, a bottom plate and a damping pad, the bottom plate is arranged on the damping pad, the side support plate is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and the top plate is installed on the upper side of the side support plate.

[0017] The above technical scheme has the advantages that on the one hand, the damping pad is used for reducing the vibration of the test bench, and on the other hand, the damping pad is used for leveling the bottom surface of the test bench.

[0018] As an implementation form, the vertical force loading mechanism comprises a vertical force driving mechanism, a cutter seat guide plate, a multi-component sensor and a vertical guide rail.

[0019] One end of the cutter seat guide plate is connected with the vertical force driving mechanism, and the other end is connected with the multi-component sensor; the multi-component sensor is used for detecting the vertical force, the tangential force and the lateral force in the rock breaking process of the cutter in real time; the vertical guide rail is fixed on the side support plate of the main body frame, and the vertical guide rail is connected with the vertical force loading mechanism through a first sliding block.

[0020] As an implementation form, the vertical force driving mechanism is a vertical loading oil cylinder, the vertical loading oil cylinder is installed at the top plate of the main body frame, an oil cylinder piston rod is fixed at the cutter seat guide plate, when the vertical oil cylinder works, the piston rod drives the cutter seat guide plate to move vertically, and the vertical force is provided.

[0021] As an implementation form, the multi-mode cutter seat comprises a shell cutter, a shell cutter mounting seat, a roller cutter and a roller cutter mounting seat.

[0022] One end of the shell cutter mounting seat is connected with the shell cutter, and the other end is connected with the multi-component sensor.

[0023] One end of the roller cutter mounting seat is connected with the roller cutter, and the other end is also connected with the multi-component sensor.

[0024] As an implementation form, the tangential force loading mechanism comprises a tangential force driving mechanism and a tangential guide rail.

[0025] The tangential force driving mechanism is used for driving the sample box to move along the tangential direction, so as to provide the rock breaking tangential force; the tangential guide rail is fixed at the bottom plate of the main body frame, and the sample box is connected with the tangential guide rail through a second sliding block.

[0026] As an implementation form, the tangential force driving mechanism is a tangential force loading oil cylinder, which is installed at the bottom plate of the main frame, and the oil cylinder piston rod is fixed at the sample box, when the tangential force loading oil cylinder works, the piston rod drives the sample box to move along the tangential direction, so as to provide the tangential force for breaking rock.

[0027] As an implementation form, the sample box comprises a sample box body and a rock sample clamping mechanism.

[0028] The second sliding block is installed at the lower end of the bottom plate of the sample box body, and the bottom plate of the sample box body is connected with the tangential guide rail through the second sliding block.

[0029] A plurality of through T-shaped grooves are formed in the upper end of the sample bottom plate, and bolts are arranged in the T-shaped grooves, and the rock sample clamping mechanism is locked through nuts on the other side of the bolts, so as to realize the position adjustment and fixation of the rock sample clamping mechanism.

[0030] As an implementation form, the sample positioning and installation, the multifunctional sample box can adapt to the clamping and positioning of any size test in the test bench space by adjusting the tangential distance of the rock sample clamping mechanism, and the sample clamping surface is allowed to have a certain inclination and defects.

[0031] As an implementation form, the sample clamping mechanism comprises a tangential front baffle and a tangential rear baffle, a curved long hole is formed in the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle, and the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle are installed on the two sides of the sample tangential direction, and the baffle is provided with two locking mechanisms to ensure that the sample does not move during the test.

[0032] As an implementation form, the two locking mechanisms comprise a first locking mechanism and a second locking mechanism, the first locking mechanism comprises a lead screw and nuts at both ends of the lead screw, the lead screw passes through the corresponding curved long holes of the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle, and the both ends are locked by nuts, a first locking is formed by the pre-tightening force of the nuts, so as to adjust the tangential position according to the size of the sample; the second locking mechanism is composed of bolts in the T-shaped grooves, the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle are connected with the bolts in the T-shaped grooves through nuts, and a second locking is formed by the vertical pre-tightening force of the nuts.

[0033] As an implementation form, the top plate of the sample box is used for placing the sample, and a lifting mechanism is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate of the sample box, the angle between the first layer sample mounting plate and the second layer sample mounting plate is changed through the lifting mechanism, and then the tangential cutting angle adjustment of the sample is realized; the height-adjustable spacer iron is arranged between the sample and the top plate of the sample box.

[0034] The second aspect of the present application provides a test method based on the multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of the cutter of the tunnel boring machine.

[0035] A test method based on the multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter as described above, comprising:

[0036] The sample is placed into the sample box, the angle between the top plate and the bottom plate of the sample box is adjusted according to the test requirements, thereby realizing the adjustment of the tangential cutting angle of the sample; the height of the adjusting pad iron is changed, thereby changing the lateral inclination angle of the sample, and then the sample clamping mechanism is used to fix and position the sample;

[0037] The multi-mode cutter seat is moved to the specified position, the vertical force loading mechanism and the tangential force loading mechanism are controlled to perform corresponding actions according to the predetermined rock breaking mode, so as to complete the corresponding test.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0039] (1) The present application fully considers the tunneling state in the rock breaking process of the tunnel boring machine, designs an indoor vertical force loading mechanism, a tangential force loading mechanism and a multi-mode cutter seat which can simulate the working state of the cutter of the tunnel boring machine, and the multi-mode cutter seat is placed at the bottom end of the multi-component sensor. When replacing the cutter, only the cutter mounting seat needs to be replaced, without the need to replace other modules, which does not affect the data acquisition and transmission of the test bed and is simple to operate.

[0040] (2) The present application can perform installation and cutting tests of various cutters of the tunnel boring machine, such as shell cutters and roller cutters, and meet the rock breaking test research of various types of cutters of the tunnel boring machine. The sample clamping mechanism includes a tangential front baffle and a tangential rear baffle, curved long slot holes are formed in the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle, the tangential position can be adjusted according to the size of the sample, after the position is determined, the baffle clamps the sample, the lead screw is passed through the corresponding curved long slot holes of the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle, and the both ends are locked by nuts. Thereafter, the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle are locked with the bolts in the T-shaped slot of the sample bottom plate by nuts. Therefore, the multifunctional rock box is flexible to install and position, can meet the installation and positioning of samples of any size in the space of the test bed, and has a lower requirement for the parallelism of the sample clamping surface.

[0041] (3) The sample box of the present application can have a sample angle adjustment function. The angle between the first layer sample mounting plate and the second layer sample mounting plate can be changed by adjusting the lifting mechanism, thereby realizing the adjustment of the tangential cutting angle of the sample. The sample and the sample box are provided with pad irons with adjustable height. The height of the pad iron is adjusted according to the test requirements, thereby changing the lateral inclination angle of the sample.

[0042] The advantages of the additional aspects of the present application will be partially given in the following description, partially will become obvious from the following description, or will be known by the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The embodiments of the application, and their

[0044] Figure 1 A perspective view of a multifunctional test platform for simulating rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine, which is an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 2 A perspective view of a main frame shown in Figure 1

[0046] Figure 3 A perspective view of a vertical force loading mechanism shown in Figure 1

[0047] A perspective view of a shell cutter mounting seat shown in Figure 1

[0048] A perspective view of a cutter mounting seat shown in Figure 1

[0049] Figure 5 A perspective view of a tangential force loading mechanism shown in Figure 1

[0050] Figure 6 A schematic view of a sample box shown in Figure 1

[0051] Figure 7 A schematic view of a sample angle adjusting module shown in Figure 6

[0052] ​​​​​​​Wherein: 1, main frame; 11, right side support plate; 12, top plate; 13, left side support plate; 14, bottom plate; 15, positioning pin; 16, shock pad; 2, vertical force loading mechanism; 21, vertical force loading cylinder; 22, cylinder flange; 23, vertical force cylinder piston rod; 24, piston rod flange; 25, guide plate; 26, multi-component sensor; 27, vertical guide rail slider; 28, vertical guide rail; 3, multi-mode cutter seat; 31, shell cutter mounting seat; 311, shell cutter mounting seat bolt hole; 32, shell cutter; 33, hob mounting seat; 331, hob mounting seat bolt hole; 34, hob; 4, tangential force loading mechanism; 41, tangential force loading cylinder; 42, tangential force cylinder piston rod; 43, tangential guide rail; 5, sample box; 51, sample first bottom plate; 511, sample first bottom plate T-shaped groove; 52, sample second bottom plate; 53, lifting cylinder; 54, tangential guide rail slider; 55, tangential front baffle; 551, tangential front baffle bolt hole; 552, curved long hole; 56, tangential rear baffle; 561, tangential rear baffle T-shaped groove; 57, constraint baffle; 571, constraint baffle round hole; 58, lead screw; 59, adjustment pad; 6, sample. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0054] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative only and is intended to provide further description of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0055] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0056] According to Figure 1 , the embodiment provides a multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter, which comprises a main frame 1, a vertical force loading mechanism 2, a multi-mode cutter seat 3, a tangential force loading mechanism 4 and a sample box 5.

[0057] Specifically, the vertical force loading mechanism 2 is connected to the top plate of the main frame 1, the tail end of the vertical force loading mechanism 2 is connected to the multi-mode cutter seat 3, and the vertical cutting force is provided to the multi-mode cutter seat 3.

[0058] The tangential force loading mechanism 4 is connected to the bottom plate of the main frame 1, and the tail end of the tangential force loading mechanism 4 is connected to the multi-mode cutter holder 3 and provides a tangential force to the multi-mode cutter holder 3.

[0059] The vertical force loading mechanism 2 is mainly used to apply a vertical force during the rock breaking process. The vertical force loading cylinder 21 is fixed to the top plate 12 of the main frame, and the vertical force cylinder piston rod 23 drives the shell cutter 32 or the roller cutter 34 to move vertically and generate a vertical force.

[0060] The multi-mode cutter holder 3 adopts a modular design and is fixed to the multi-component sensor 26 by bolts. When replacing the shell cutter 32 or the roller cutter 34, only the multi-mode cutter holder 3 needs to be replaced as a whole, without affecting the data detection module of the test platform, and the operation is simple and efficient.

[0061] The tangential force loading cylinder 41 is fixed to the bottom plate 14 of the main frame, and the tangential force cylinder piston rod 42 drives the sample box 5 to move in the tangential direction and provides the cutting force required for rock breaking.

[0062] The main frame 1 is used to bear all the cutting reaction forces during the rock breaking process. The main frame 1 is mainly used to bear all the reaction forces generated by the shell cutter 32 or the roller cutter 34 during the rock breaking process.

[0063] The sample box 5 is arranged between the bottom plate of the main frame 1 and the multi-mode cutter holder 3. The sample box 5 can adjust the installation angle of the sample according to the test requirements to truly simulate the stress state of the cutter during the rock breaking of the tunneling machine.

[0064] The sample 6 is arranged on the sample box 5, and the sample includes but is not limited to a reinforced concrete sample, a concrete sample, a rock sample, etc. The left adjusting pad iron 56 and the right adjusting pad iron 57 capable of adjusting the height are placed at the bottom of the sample 6 to adjust the inclination angle between the cutting surface of the sample and the cutting cutter.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 1, the test platform mainly includes a main frame 1, a sample box 5, a multi-mode cutter holder 3, a vertical force loading mechanism 2, a tangential force loading mechanism 4, a multi-component sensor 26, and a data detection module 7. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the main frame 1 mainly includes a right side support plate 11, a top plate 12, a left side support plate 13, a bottom plate 14, a positioning pin 15 and a shock pad 16. The shock pads 16 are uniformly arranged under the test bench bottom plate 14. On the one hand, the shock pads 16 can reduce the vibration of the test bench. On the other hand, the shock pads 16 can adjust the height and be used for leveling the bottom surface of the test bench. The right side support plate 11 and the left side support plate 13 are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the test bench bottom plate 14 by bolts. Further, the right side support plate 11 and the left side support plate 13 are provided with pin holes, and are positioned with the test bench bottom plate 14 by the positioning pin 15. The top plate 12 is installed on the upper sides of the right side support plate 11 and the left side support plate 13, and is positioned and fixed by bolts. The top plate 12, the right side support plate 11 and the left side support plate 13 form a gantry structure, which has good structural strength. When the rock breaking test platform is working, all the test reaction forces are borne by the main frame 1.

[0066] It should be noted here that the fixing mode of the top plate 12 with the right side support plate 11 and the left side support plate 13, and the connection mode of the right side support plate 11, the left side support plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 can all adopt other forms of fixation, such as clamping and the like.

[0067] In the present embodiment, the vertical force driving mechanism takes a vertical force loading oil cylinder as an example:

[0068] As shown in Figure 3 The vertical force loading mechanism 2 mainly includes a vertical force loading oil cylinder 21, an oil cylinder flange 22, a vertical force oil cylinder piston rod 23, a piston rod flange 24, a guide plate 25, a multi-component sensor 26, a vertical guide rail slider 27 and a vertical guide rail 28. The vertical loading oil cylinder 21 is installed at the main frame top plate 12 through the oil cylinder flange 22. The vertical force oil cylinder piston rod 23 is fixed at the tool holder guide plate 25 through the piston rod flange 24. When the vertical loading oil cylinder 21 is working, the vertical loading oil cylinder 21 remains stationary due to the fixed connection with the main frame top plate 12. The vertical force oil cylinder piston rod 23 drives the tool holder guide plate 25 to move vertically and provides a vertical force. One end of the tool holder guide plate 25 is connected with the vertical force oil cylinder piston rod 23, and the other end is connected with the multi-component sensor 26. During the rock breaking process, the multi-component sensor 26 is used for sample data acquisition and real-time detection of the vertical force, tangential force and lateral force in the rock breaking process of the tool.

[0069] It can be understood here that in other embodiments, the vertical force driving mechanism can also adopt other existing driving mechanisms, such as a driving motor and the like.

[0070] The vertical guide rail 28 is fixed on the right side support plate 11 and the left side support plate 13 of the main frame, and one end is connected with the vertical force loading mechanism 2 provided with the vertical guide rail slider 27. The vertical force loading mechanism 2 realizes vertical movement under the action of the vertical guide rail 28.

[0071] As shown in Figure 4, the multi-mode tool holder 3 mainly includes a shell cutter mounting base 31, a shell cutter mounting base bolt hole 311, a shell cutter 32, a hob mounting base 33, a hob mounting base bolt hole 331, and a hob 34. The multi-mode tool holder 3 features a modular design and is located at the bottom of the multi-component sensor 26. Different tools can be replaced according to experimental requirements.

[0072] Taking shell cutters and hobbing cutters as examples:

[0073] Shell knife installation: One end of the shell knife mounting base 31 is connected to the shell knife 32, and the other end is provided with a shell knife mounting base bolt hole 311. The shell knife mounting base 31 is connected to the multi-component sensor 26 through the shell knife mounting base bolt hole 311.

[0074] Roller mounting: One end of the roller mounting base 33 is connected to the roller 34, and the other end is provided with a roller mounting base bolt hole 331. The roller mounting base 33 is connected to the multi-component sensor 26 through the roller mounting base bolt hole 331.

[0075] When changing tools, only the tool mounting base needs to be replaced; no other parts need to be replaced, and the data detection module of the test platform is not affected. The operation is simple.

[0076] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the tangential force loading mechanism 4 mainly includes a tangential force loading cylinder 41, a tangential force cylinder piston rod 42, and a tangential guide rail 43. The tangential force loading cylinder 41 is fixedly mounted on the base plate 14 of the main frame via a flange. The tangential force cylinder piston rod 42 is fixedly connected to the sample box 5 via a flange. The tangential guide rail 43 is fixed on the base plate 14 of the main frame, and the sample box 5 is connected to the tangential guide rail 43 via a slider. When the tangential force loading cylinder 41 is working, it remains stationary because it is connected to the base plate 14 of the main frame. The tangential force cylinder piston rod 42 drives the sample box 5 to move tangentially and provides rock-breaking tangential force.

[0077] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the sample box includes a first sample base plate 51, a first sample base plate T-slot 511, a second sample base plate 52, a lifting cylinder 53; a tangential guide rail slider 54; a tangential forward baffle 55; a tangential forward baffle bolt hole 551; a curved elongated hole 552; a tangential rear baffle 56; a tangential rear baffle T-slot 561; a constraint baffle 57; a constraint baffle round hole 571; a lead screw 58; and an adjusting shim 59.

[0078] The multifunctional sample box can adapt to the clamping and positioning of tests of any size in the space of the test table by adjusting the tangential distance of the rock sample clamping mechanism, and allows the clamping surface to have a certain inclination and defects; the existing rock box of the test table is generally a fixed structure, and is strict in requirements for the size of the sample, and it is difficult to realize installation and positioning when the sample is too large or too small, and the sample clamping surface is required to have a certain parallelism to facilitate clamping. The test platform rock box of the present disclosure is designed in a detachable and combined manner, can satisfy the clamping and positioning of various scale tests in the space of the test table, and the clamping mechanism adopts a lead screw and baffle structure, allowing a certain inclination or unevenness of the clamping surface, and has small requirements for the sample. Most existing test tables do not have this function.

[0079] The linear cutting test table in the prior art cannot simulate the working conditions of various installation radius cutters during tunneling, but does not consider the inclination change between the cutter and the sample. The sample box 5 is provided with two layers of mounting plates (the top plate and the bottom plate of the sample box 5), the first layer of sample mounting plate 51 (the top plate of the sample box 5) is used for placing the sample 6, and the second layer of mounting plate 52 (the bottom plate of the sample box 5) is used for connecting the tangential guide rail slider 54. The lifting oil cylinder 53 is arranged between the first layer of sample mounting plate 51 and the second layer of sample mounting plate 52, the height of the lifting oil cylinder 53 can be adjusted to change the included angle between the first layer of sample mounting plate 51 and the second layer of sample mounting plate 52, and then the tangential cutting angle of the sample 6 can be adjusted. The adjustable height adjusting pad iron 59 is arranged between the sample 6 and the first layer of sample mounting plate 51, the height of the adjusting pad iron 59 is changed according to the test requirement, and then the lateral inclination of the sample 6 is changed.

[0080] As shown in Figure 6 , the sample box 5 is provided with a sample clamping mechanism, the sample clamping mechanism includes a tangential front baffle 55 and a tangential rear baffle 56, the tangential front baffle 55 is provided with a curved long hole 552, the tangential rear baffle 56 is provided with a tangential rear baffle T-shaped groove 561, the tangential front baffle 55 and the tangential rear baffle 56 are installed on the front and rear sides of the sample 6, and the sample box 5 can adapt to the installation and positioning of the sample 6 of any size in the space of the test table by adjusting the installation position of the tangential front baffle 55, and allows the sample clamping surface to have a certain inclination or defect.

[0081] Specifically, the lead screw 58 passes through the corresponding curved long holes of the tangential front baffle 55 and the tangential rear baffle 56, and the two ends are locked by nuts, and the first locking is formed by the pre-tightening force of the nuts; after the first locking is completed, the tangential front baffle 55 and the tangential rear baffle 56 are connected with the bolts in the T-shaped groove 511 of the sample bottom plate through the nuts, the second locking is formed by the vertical pre-tightening force of the nuts, and then the position of the sample is not moved during the rock breaking process.

[0082] As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the tangential front baffle 55 and the tangential rear baffle 56 are provided with two locking mechanisms to ensure that the sample 6 does not move during the test:

[0083] The first locking: the tangential front baffle 55 and the tangential rear baffle 56 can adjust the tangential position according to the size of the sample 6. After the position is determined, the tangential front baffle 55 and the tangential rear baffle 56 clamp the sample 6. The lead screw passes through the corresponding curved long hole 552 of the tangential front baffle 55 and the tangential rear baffle T-shaped slot 561, and the two ends are locked by nuts. The first locking is formed by the pre-tightening force of the nuts.

[0084] The second locking: after the first locking is completed, the tangential front baffle 55 and the tangential rear baffle 56 are connected with the bolts in the T-shaped slot 511 of the first bottom plate of the sample through the nuts. The second locking is formed by the vertical nut pre-tightening force.

[0085] As shown, Figure 7 For reinforced concrete pile foundation, the constraint condition of steel bar is related to the cutting direction of shell knife, which is divided into strong constraint steel bar and weak constraint steel bar. For diaphragm wall structure, the steel bar on both sides is considered as strong constraint steel bar. The sample constraint mechanism is designed to simulate the strong and weak constraint steel bars of reinforced concrete.

[0086] For weak constraint steel bar of reinforced concrete, the sample constraint mechanism does not need to be set, and the steel bar constraint only relies on the concrete protection layer of the steel bar itself;

[0087] For strong constraint steel bar condition, the constraint baffle 57 is added on both sides of the sample 6, the outer side of the strong constraint steel bar is threaded, the constraint baffle 57 is provided with a constraint baffle hole 571 slightly larger than the diameter of the steel bar, and when the constraint baffle 57 is installed, the strong constraint steel bar of the reinforced concrete passes through the constraint baffle hole 571, and then the constraint baffle 57 is locked by bolts to increase the external constraint force.

[0088] In one or more embodiments, a test method based on the multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of the tunnel boring machine cutter as described above is also provided, which comprises:

[0089] The sample is placed in the sample box, the included angle between the top plate and the bottom plate of the sample box is adjusted according to the test requirements, and then the tangential cutting angle adjustment of the sample is realized. The height of the adjusting pad iron is changed, and then the lateral inclination angle of the sample is changed. Subsequently, the sample is fixed and positioned by using the sample clamping mechanism;

[0090] The multi-mode cutter seat is moved to the specified position, the vertical force loading mechanism and the tangential force loading mechanism are controlled to perform corresponding actions according to the predetermined rock breaking mode, so as to complete the corresponding test.

[0091] Among them, the embodiment can select multiple rock breaking modes, specifically including the following modes:

[0092] (1) Force control mode: the test platform breaks rocks with constant vertical force and cutting force, and explores the optimal rock breaking penetration and cutting speed under different modes. Before the rock breaking test starts, the sample 6 is placed into the sample box, the height of the lifting oil cylinder 53 is adjusted according to the test requirements to change the included angle between the first layer sample mounting plate 52 and the second layer sample mounting plate 52, and then the tangential cutting angle of the sample 6 is adjusted; the height of the adjusting pad iron 59 is changed to change the lateral inclination angle of the sample 6, and then the sample clamping mechanism is used to fix and position the sample 6, the shell cutter 32 / roller cutter 34 is moved to the specified position, after the test starts, the vertical force loading oil cylinder 21 and the tangential force loading oil cylinder 41 are loaded to the test set rock breaking force, and then the vertical force oil cylinder piston rod 23 drives the cutter guide plate 25 to move vertically and provides vertical force; the tangential force oil cylinder piston rod 42 drives the sample box 5 to move along the tangential direction and provides the rock breaking tangential force;

[0093] (2) Displacement control: the test platform breaks rocks with constant penetration and cutting speed, and explores the rock breaking cutting force under different modes. Before the test starts, the sample 6 is placed into the sample box, the height of the lifting oil cylinder 53 is adjusted according to the test requirements to change the included angle between the first layer sample mounting plate 52 and the second layer sample mounting plate 52, and then the tangential cutting angle of the sample 6 is adjusted; the height of the adjusting pad iron 59 is changed to change the lateral inclination angle of the sample 6, and then the sample clamping mechanism is used to fix and position the sample 6, the shell cutter 32 / roller cutter 34 is moved to the specified position, after the test starts, the vertical force loading oil cylinder 21 controls the cutter to be vertical and static, the tangential force oil cylinder piston rod 42 drives the sample box 5 to move along the tangential direction at a constant speed, and the multi-component sensor 26 detects the vertical force, cutting force and lateral force in real time during the test.

[0094] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a multi-mode rock breaking test device, which comprises a main frame, a vertical force loading mechanism, a multi-mode cutter seat, a tangential force loading mechanism and a sample box. The vertical force loading mechanism is connected with the top plate of the main frame, the tail end of the vertical force loading mechanism is connected with the multi-mode cutter seat and provides vertical cutting force for the multi-mode cutter seat, the tangential force loading mechanism is connected with the bottom plate of the main frame, the tangential force loading mechanism is used to drive the sample box to move along the tangential direction and provide tangential breaking force, and the main frame is used to bear all cutting counterforces in the rock breaking process. The sample box is arranged between the bottom plate of the main frame and the multi-mode cutter seat, the sample box can adjust the installation angle of the sample according to the test requirement to truly simulate the force state of the cutter during the rock breaking of the tunneling machine, the sample box comprises two layers of installation plates, i.e. a sample box top plate and a sample box bottom plate, the sample box top plate is used to place the sample, a lifting oil cylinder is arranged between the sample box top plate and the sample box bottom plate, the height of the lifting oil cylinder is adjusted to change the included angle between the sample box top plate and the sample box bottom plate, and the tangential cutting angle of the sample is adjusted, a pad iron with adjustable height is arranged between the sample and the sample box top plate, the height of the pad iron is changed according to the test requirement to change the lateral inclination angle of the sample, and a plurality of through T-shaped grooves are formed in the top of the sample box top plate. The sample box further comprises a rock sample clamping mechanism, the rock sample clamping mechanism comprises a tangential front baffle and a tangential rear baffle, curved long slot holes are formed in the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle, the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle are arranged on the two sides of the sample in the tangential direction, two locking mechanisms are arranged at the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle to ensure that the sample does not move during the test. The two locking mechanisms comprise a first locking mechanism and a second locking mechanism, the first locking mechanism comprises a lead screw and nuts at the two ends of the lead screw, the lead screw passes through the corresponding curved long slot holes of the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle, the two ends are locked by the nuts, the first locking is formed by the pre-tightening force of the nuts to adjust the tangential position according to the size of the sample, and the second locking mechanism is composed of bolts in the T-shaped grooves, the tangential front baffle and the tangential rear baffle are connected with the bolts in the T-shaped grooves through vertical nuts, and the second locking is formed by the pre-tightening force of the vertical nuts. The main frame comprises a top plate, a side support plate, a bottom plate and a damping pad iron, the bottom plate is arranged on the damping pad iron, the side support plate is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and the top plate is arranged on the upper side of the side support plate.

2. The multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical force loading mechanism comprises a vertical force driving mechanism, a cutter seat guide plate, a multi-component sensor and a vertical guide rail.

3. The multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the cutter seat guide plate is connected with the vertical force driving mechanism, and the other end is connected with the multi-component sensor; the multi-component sensor is used to detect the rock breaking force of the cutter in real time; the vertical guide rail is fixed on the side support plate of the main frame and connected with the vertical force driving mechanism through a first sliding block; the vertical force driving mechanism is a vertical loading oil cylinder arranged at the top plate of the main frame, and the piston rod of the vertical loading oil cylinder is fixed at the cutter seat guide plate; when the vertical loading oil cylinder works, the piston rod of the vertical loading oil cylinder drives the cutter seat guide plate to move vertically to provide vertical cutting force. ​ 4. The multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-mode tool seat comprises a shell cutter and a shell cutter mounting seat or a hob and a hob mounting seat; One end of the shell cutter mounting seat is connected with the shell cutter, and the other end is connected with the multi-component sensor; Alternatively, one end of the hob mounting seat is connected with the hob, and the other end is connected with the multi-component sensor.

5. The multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tangential force loading mechanism comprises a tangential force driving mechanism and a tangential guide rail; The tangential guide rail is fixed at the bottom plate of the main body frame, the sample box bottom plate is connected with the tangential guide rail through a second sliding block; the tangential force driving mechanism is a tangential force loading oil cylinder, which is installed at the bottom plate of the main body frame, and the tangential force loading oil cylinder piston rod is fixed at the sample box; when the tangential force loading oil cylinder works, the tangential force loading oil cylinder piston rod drives the sample box to move along the tangential direction, so as to provide the tangential force for breaking rock.

6. The multifunctional test device for simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second sliding block is installed at the lower end of the sample box bottom plate, and the sample box bottom plate is connected with the tangential guide rail through the second sliding block; One side of the bolt in the T-shaped groove is matched with the vertical nut to realize the position adjustment and fixation of the rock sample clamping mechanism.

7. A test method of the multifunctional test device simulating the rock breaking state of a tunnel boring machine cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It comprises: The sample is placed on the sample box top plate, the angle between the sample box top plate and the test box bottom plate is adjusted through the lifting oil cylinder according to the test requirement, so as to realize the adjustment of the tangential and angle of the sample; the height of the pad iron is changed, so as to change the lateral inclination angle of the sample, and then the sample is fixed and positioned through the rock sample clamping mechanism and the two locking mechanisms; The multi-mode tool seat is moved to the specified position, the vertical force loading mechanism and the tangential force loading mechanism are controlled to perform corresponding actions according to the predetermined rock breaking mode, so as to complete the corresponding test.

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