Quantum bit calibration apparatus, measurement and control system and method

Abstract

The application provides a quantum bit measurement and control system, comprising: a quantum bit processing unit, wherein the quantum bit processing unit comprises at least one quantum bit; a control signal generator, the control signal generator being connected with the quantum bit processing unit; and an adjustable device, the adjustable device being connected with the control signal generator, wherein the adjustable device is arranged adjacent to the quantum bit processing unit, and the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device are in the same environment; wherein a quantum bit control signal is input to the adjustable device to obtain a detection signal, the detection signal is fed back to a control device, and the control device is used to obtain the deviation degree between the signal actually reaching the adjustable device and the quantum bit control signal according to the related parameters of the detection signal and the initial parameters of the quantum bit control signal. The application solves the technical problem that it is difficult to accurately control a superconducting quantum bit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum computing, and in particular, to a quantum bit calibration device, a measurement and control system, and a measurement and control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quantum computing and quantum information is a cross-discipline based on the principles of quantum mechanics to achieve computing and information processing tasks, and has a very close relationship with quantum physics, computer science, information science, etc. In the past two decades, it has developed rapidly. Quantum algorithms based on quantum computers for factorization, unstructured search, and other scenarios have shown much better performance than existing algorithms based on classical computers, and have also been expected to exceed existing computing capabilities.

[0003] One of the basic features of a quantum computer is that it uses information units that are not bits, but quantum bits (qubits). A quantum bit can be a particle like an electron, or other quasi-particles in meta-excitation. For an electron, spin up represents 1 and spin down represents 0. The quantum state of spin up and down is called a superposition state. A small number of particles in a superposition state can carry a large amount of information. Just 100 particles in a superposition state can represent numbers from 1 to 2100. A quantum computer can use microwave or laser pulses to hit particles, or use similar methods to operate on quantum bits.

[0004] Currently, the main implementation of quantum bits includes superconducting Josephson junction, ion trap, magnetic resonance, topological quantum, etc. Quantum bits based on superconducting Josephson junction are one of the most important implementation directions of quantum bits. A superconducting quantum bit chip needs to be in a low-temperature environment (usually in a liquid helium temperature zone) to maintain superconductivity, which is usually provided by a dilution refrigerator. The control signals of the superconducting quantum bit chip are input through coaxial cables. There is a long distance in the input process, and a large temperature interval needs to be crossed (see the schematic given below). In addition, there are several filters, attenuators, and adapters. These relatively complex environments, especially the low-temperature environment, can have a large impact on the input control signals, so that the control signals finally input to the superconducting quantum bit chip can be quite different from the control signals expected by the user, thereby limiting the precise control of the superconducting quantum bit, and further making the actual implementation of the quantum computer more difficult. Figure 1

[0005] Based on the above, there is a need for a device that supports calibration of the measurement and control of the quantum bit chip, and a corresponding calibration method, to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0006] ​According to an embodiment of the aspect of the present disclosure, a quantum bit control system is provided, comprising: a quantum bit processing unit, wherein the quantum bit processing unit comprises at least one quantum bit; a control signal generator, the control signal generator being coupled to the quantum bit processing unit; an adjustable device, the adjustable device being coupled to the control signal generator, wherein the adjustable device is disposed adjacent to the quantum bit processing unit, and the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device are in the same environment; wherein a quantum bit control signal is input to the adjustable device to obtain a detection signal, the detection signal is fed back to a control device, and the control device is configured to determine a degree of deviation between the quantum bit control signal and an actual signal reaching the adjustable device according to a relevant parameter of the detection signal and an initial parameter of the quantum bit control signal.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit is a superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bit.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a first mode selection device is disposed on a first side of the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device, the first side being a side on which the control signal generator is disposed.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a second mode selection device is disposed on a second side of the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device are disposed on the same chip.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device are disposed on the same printed circuit board (PCB).

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit processing unit, the adjustable device, the first mode selection device, and the second mode selection device are disposed on the same chip.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit processing unit, the adjustable device, the first mode selection device, and the second mode selection device are disposed on the same printed circuit board (PCB).

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one regulator is disposed between the control signal generator and the quantum bit processing unit.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the control signal generator is configured to generate a quantum bit control signal, and the quantum bit control signal comprises a microwave signal and a laser signal.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adjustable device receives the quantum bit manipulation signal and generates a detection signal, the detection signal is fed back to the manipulation signal generator, the manipulation signal generator adjusts the quantum bit manipulation signal at least according to the detection signal.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adjustment of the quantum bit manipulation signal by the manipulation signal generator comprises adjusting at least one of the following parameters: phase, intensity, frequency.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first mode selection device and the second mode selection device are configured to realize: multiple manipulation signal mode selection and manipulation signal path selection.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the manipulation signal mode selection comprises reflection mode and penetration mode.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the chip or the circuit board is arranged in a low-temperature environment, and the low-temperature environment comprises a liquid helium temperature zone.

[0021] According to some embodiments of another aspect of the present disclosure, a quantum bit measurement and control method is provided, comprising: transmitting a quantum bit manipulation signal to a quantum bit calibration device adjacent to the quantum bit; detecting the manipulation signal fed back by the calibration device and obtaining a detection signal; and adjusting the quantum bit manipulation signal based at least on the detection signal; wherein the adjustable device is arranged adjacent to a quantum bit processing unit, and the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device are in the same environment; wherein the quantum bit manipulation signal is input to the adjustable device to obtain the detection signal, the detection signal is fed back to the control device, and the control device is used to obtain the deviation between the actual signal reaching the adjustable device and the quantum bit manipulation signal according to the related parameters of the detection signal and the initial parameters of the quantum bit manipulation signal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are used to explain the present disclosure, but do not limit the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a quantum bit measurement and control system of the prior art;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration device based on some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration device based on another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 4schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus based on some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 5 schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus based on some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 6 schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus based on some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 7 schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus based on some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 8 schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus based on some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 9 schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus based on some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 10 schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus based on some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 11 schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The foregoing summary, as well as certain embodiments of the present application, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the following detailed description. As illustrated in the figures, functional blocks of the diagrams illustrate some embodiments. The functional blocks are not necessarily indicative of the division between hardware circuitry. Thus, for example, one or more of the functional blocks (e.g., processors or memories) can be implemented in a single piece of hardware (e.g., a general purpose signal processor or a block of random access memory, hard disk, etc.) or multiple pieces of hardware. Similarly, programs can be separate programs, routines integrated into an operating system, functions installed as part of a software package, etc. It should be understood that some embodiments are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the figures.

[0035] As used in the present disclosure, an element or step recited in the singular and / or preceded by the word "a" or "an" should be understood as not excluding plural of said elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly recited. Furthermore, references to "one embodiment" are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, embodiments "comprising" or "including" an element or a plurality of elements are not excluded from the scope of the application.

[0036] Figure 2A schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus 200 is shown, according to some embodiments, with a quantum bit processing unit 22 and an adjustable device 23 disposed on a single chip 25. The single chip here means that the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device are fabricated on a single wafer.

[0037] In embodiments, the quantum bit processing unit 22 and the adjustable device 23 are disposed as close as possible, so that they are placed in the same environment.

[0038] The quantum bit processing unit 22 means a chip (or a unit module on a chip) containing one or more quantum bits, and generally includes: the quantum bits themselves, resonators, lines on the chip receiving input signals, and matching output lines of the quantum bit signals on the chip. The adjustable device 23 includes controllable switches and a plurality of standard devices for calibration. In general, the standard devices for calibration include Open\Short\Fixed Load\Thru, etc., and calibration of the input signal 21 can be based on these different standards.

[0039] In some embodiments, the input signal 21, i.e., the signal for manipulating the quantum bits, is transmitted using a coaxial cable, and is generated by a known manipulation signal generator. The input signal 21 includes microwave signals and laser signals, and a person skilled in the art can select a known manipulation signal generator and select the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 21 according to the desired manipulation of the quantum bits. These parameters are simultaneously transmitted to the control device.

[0040] In some embodiments, the quantum bits are superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bits.

[0041] In some embodiments, the single chip 25 described above is placed in a low-temperature environment in use, and the low-temperature environment here generally refers to a range of 100 mK-4.2K (K refers to Kelvin). This temperature range can be achieved by, for example, but not limited to, a dilution refrigerator. The input signal 21 will be distorted when transmitted from room temperature (or a relatively high temperature region) to a low-temperature environment, i.e., the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the above-mentioned parameters will change, so that when the input signal 21 is transmitted to the quantum bit processing unit, the actual phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 21 will deviate from the pre-set values, making the manipulation process of the quantum bits more difficult or even uncontrollable.

[0042] In some embodiments, the input signal 21 can be input to the quantum bit processing unit 22 to manipulate the quantum bit, or to the adjustable device 23 to calibrate. Those skilled in the art can understand that the calibration of the quantum bit or the manipulation of the quantum bit can be selected by a device such as but not limited to an automatic switch before the input signal 21 arrives. When the input signal 21 is input to the adjustable device 23 to obtain the detection signal 24, since the quantum bit processing unit 22 and the adjustable device 23 are arranged close to each other (in the same environment), the input signal 21 reaching the adjustable device 23 can be considered equivalent to the input signal reaching the quantum bit processing unit 22.

[0043] The detection signal 24 is further fed back to the control device. The feedback path of the detection signal 24 can be "through", "reflection", or a combination of the two. The control device obtains the deviation between the signal actually reaching the adjustable device 23 and the input signal 21 according to the related parameters of the detection signal 24 and the initial parameters of the input signal 21, and adjusts the manipulation signal generator according to the obtained deviation. The adjustment here can be adjustment of any of the above phase, intensity, frequency, or adjustment of several of them.

[0044] The above process can be repeated until the deviation reaches a pre-set convergence range. The convergence range can be set to a corresponding deviation between the phase, intensity, and frequency of the detection signal 24 and the phase, intensity, and frequency of the input signal 21 being less than a predetermined value; or a corresponding deviation between each of the phase, intensity, and frequency of the detection signal 24 and the phase, intensity, and frequency of the input signal 21 being less than a predetermined value; or a corresponding deviation between a set function value of several of the phase, intensity, and frequency of the detection signal 24 and a set function value of the corresponding item of the phase, intensity, and frequency of the input signal 21 being less than a predetermined value.

[0045] The relationship between the above deviation and the adjustment can be obtained by theoretical calculation, or can be obtained by experience according to the actual use environment, or can be a combination of the above two.

[0046] Through the above arrangement, the input signal 21 finally reaching the quantum bit processing unit 22 can meet the pre-set value (phase, intensity, frequency, etc.), so that accurate manipulation of the quantum bit can be achieved.

[0047] Figure 3A schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus 300 according to some embodiments is shown, with a quantum bit processing unit 32 and an adjustable device 33 disposed on a single printed circuit board (PCB) 35. This framework structure makes it possible Figure 3 Embodiments of the present application are simpler in process than Figure 2 Embodiments of the present application are simpler in process than

[0048] In embodiments, the quantum bit processing unit 32 and the adjustable device 33 are disposed as close as possible, so that they are placed in the same environment.

[0049] The quantum bit processing unit 32 means a chip (or a unit module on a chip) containing one or more quantum bits, and generally includes: the quantum bits themselves, resonators, input signal lines, and matching signal amplification and output lines. The adjustable device 33 includes controllable switches and a plurality of standard devices for calibration. In general, the standard devices for calibration include Open\Short\Fixed Load\Thru, etc., and calibration of the input signal 21 can be performed based on these different standards.

[0050] In some embodiments, the input signal 31, i.e., the signal for manipulating the quantum bits, is transmitted using a coaxial cable, and is generated by a manipulation signal generator. The input signal 31 includes microwave signals and laser signals, and a person skilled in the art can select a known signal generator and select the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 31 according to the desired manipulation of the quantum bits. These parameters are simultaneously transmitted to the control device.

[0051] In some embodiments, the quantum bits are superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bits.

[0052] In some embodiments, the single chip 35 described above is placed in a low-temperature environment in use, and the low-temperature environment generally refers to a temperature range of 100 mK-4.2 K (K refers to Kelvin). This temperature range can be achieved by, for example but not limited to, a dilution refrigerator. The input signal 31 will be distorted when transmitted from room temperature (or a relatively high temperature region) to a low-temperature environment, i.e., the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 31 will change, so that when the input signal 31 is transmitted to the quantum bit processing unit, the actual phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 31 will deviate from the pre-set values, making the manipulation process of the quantum bits more difficult or even uncontrollable.

[0053] In some embodiments, the input signal 31 can be input to the quantum bit processing unit 32 to manipulate the quantum bit, or can be input to the adjustable device 33 to calibrate. Those skilled in the art can understand that the calibration of the quantum bit or the manipulation of the quantum bit can be selected by a device such as but not limited to an automatic switch before the input signal 31 arrives. When the input signal 31 is input to the adjustable device 33 to obtain the detection signal 24, since the quantum bit processing unit 32 and the adjustable device 33 are arranged close to each other (in the same environment), the input signal 31 arriving at the adjustable device 33 can be considered equivalent to the input signal arriving at the quantum bit processing unit 32.

[0054] The above detection signal 34 is further fed back to the control device. The feedback path of the detection signal 34 can be "through", "reflection", or a combination of the two. The control device obtains the deviation between the signal actually arriving at the adjustable device 33 and the input signal 31 according to the related parameters of the detection signal 34 and the initial parameters of the input signal 31, and adjusts the manipulation signal generator according to the obtained deviation. The adjustment here can be adjustment of any of the above phase, intensity, and frequency, or adjustment of several of them.

[0055] The above process can be repeated multiple times until the deviation reaches a pre-set convergence range. The convergence range can be set to a corresponding deviation between the phase, intensity, and frequency of the detection signal 34 and the phase, intensity, and frequency of the input signal 31 being less than a predetermined value; or can be set to a corresponding deviation between each of the phase, intensity, and frequency of the detection signal 34 and the phase, intensity, and frequency of the input signal 31 being less than a predetermined value; or can be set to a corresponding deviation between the set function value of some of the phase, intensity, and frequency of the detection signal 34 and the set function value of the corresponding item of the phase, intensity, and frequency of the input signal 31 being less than a predetermined value.

[0056] The relationship between the above deviation and the adjustment can be obtained by theoretical calculation, or can be obtained by experience according to the actual use environment, or can be a combination of the above two.

[0057] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus 400 is shown, according to some embodiments, with a quantum bit processing unit 42 and an adjustable device 43 disposed on a single chip 45. Here, on a single chip refers to the quantum bit processing unit 42 and the adjustable device 43 being fabricated on a single wafer. The quantum bit calibration apparatus 400 further includes a mode selection device 46. The mode selection device 46 can change the path of the input signal 41 by remote control (typically in the form of electrical signals, but not limited to electrical signal control), if the input is selected to the quantum bit processing unit 42, the quantum bit is manipulated; if the input is selected to the adjustable device 43, the calibration step can be performed. In some embodiments, the mode selection device 46 is disposed on the input signal 41 side.

[0058] In embodiments, the quantum bit processing unit 42 and the adjustable device 43 are disposed as close as possible, so that they are placed in the same environment. In addition, the lines from the mode selection device 46 to the quantum bit processing unit 42 and the adjustable device 43 should be kept as consistent as possible in terms of microwave response characteristics.

[0059] The quantum bit processing unit 42 means a chip (or a unit module on a chip) containing one or more quantum bits, and typically includes: the quantum bits themselves, resonators, lines for input signals, and matching signal amplification and output lines. The adjustable device 43 includes controllable switches and a plurality of standard devices for calibration. In general, the standard devices for calibration include Open\Short\Fixed Load\Thru, etc., and calibration of the input signal 41 can be performed based on these different standards to make the signal reaching the quantum bits to be controlled in 42 as consistent as possible with the requirements.

[0060] In some embodiments, the input signal 41, i.e. the signal for manipulating the quantum bits, is transmitted using a coaxial cable, and is generated by a manipulation signal generator. The input signal 41 includes microwave signals and laser signals, and those skilled in the art can select a known signal generator and select the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 41 according to the desired manipulation of the quantum bits. These parameters are also transmitted to the control device.

[0061] In some embodiments, the quantum bits are superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bits.

[0062] In some embodiments, the single chip 45 is placed in a low temperature environment in use, where the low temperature environment generally refers to a range of 100mK-4.2K (K refers to Kelvin), which can be achieved by, for example but not limited to, a dilution refrigerator. The input signal 41 will be distorted when transmitted from room temperature (or a relatively high temperature region) to a low temperature environment, i.e. the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters will change, so that when the input signal 41 is transmitted to the quantum bit processing unit, the actual phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters will deviate from the pre-set values, making the manipulation process of the quantum bit more difficult or even uncontrollable.

[0063] In some embodiments, the input signal 41 can be input to the quantum bit processing unit 42 to manipulate the quantum bit, or can be input to the adjustable device 43 for calibration via the mode selection device 46. When the input signal 41 is input to the adjustable device 43, the detection signal 44 is obtained, and since the quantum bit processing unit 42 and the adjustable device 43 are arranged close to each other (in the same environment), it can be considered that the input signal 41 reaching the adjustable device 43 is equivalent to the input signal reaching the quantum bit processing unit 42.

[0064] The above-mentioned detection signal 44 is further fed back to the control device, and the feedback path of the detection signal 44 can be "through" or "reflection", or a combination of the two. The control device obtains the deviation between the actual signal reaching the adjustable device 43 and the input signal 41 according to the related parameters of the detection signal 44 and the initial parameters of the input signal 41, and adjusts the manipulation signal generator accordingly according to the obtained deviation. Here, the adjustment can be adjustment of any of the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, or adjustment of several of them.

[0065] The above-mentioned process can be repeated several times until the deviation reaches a pre-set convergence range. The convergence range can be set to a corresponding deviation between any of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 44 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 41 being less than a predetermined value; or it can be set to a corresponding deviation between each of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 44 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 41 being less than a predetermined value; or it can be set to a corresponding deviation between a set function value of several of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 44 and a set function value of the corresponding item of the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 41 being less than a predetermined value.

[0066] The relationship between the above-mentioned deviation and adjustment can be obtained by theoretical calculation, or can be obtained by empirical correspondence according to the actual use environment, or can be a combination of the above two.

[0067] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus 500 is shown, according to some embodiments, with a quantum bit processing unit 52 and an adjustable device 53 disposed on a single chip 55. The single chip here means that the quantum bit processing unit 52 and the adjustable microwave standard response device 53 are fabricated on a single wafer. The quantum bit calibration apparatus 500 further comprises a mode selection device 54. The mode selection device 54 can change the path of the input signal 51 by remote control (generally in the form of electrical signals, but not limited to electrical signal control), if the input is selected to the quantum bit processing unit 52, the quantum bit is manipulated; if the input is selected to the adjustable device 53, the calibration step can be performed. In some embodiments, the mode selection device 54 is disposed on the detection signal 56 side.

[0068] In embodiments, the quantum bit processing unit 52 and the adjustable device 53 are disposed as close as possible, so that they are placed in the same environment.

[0069] The quantum bit processing unit 52 means a chip (or a unit module on a chip) containing one or more quantum bits, which generally includes: the quantum bit itself, a resonator, a line of the input signal, and a matching signal amplification output line. The adjustable device 53 includes controllable switches and a plurality of standard devices for calibration. Generally, the standard devices for calibration include Open\Short\Fixed Load\Thru, etc., and the input signal 51 can be calibrated based on these different standards.

[0070] In some embodiments, the input signal 51, i.e. the signal for manipulating the quantum bit, is transmitted by a coaxial cable, which is generated by a manipulation signal generator. The input signal 51 includes microwave signals and laser signals. Those skilled in the art can select a known manipulation signal generator, and select the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 51 according to the desired manipulation of the quantum bit. These parameters are also transmitted to the control device.

[0071] In some embodiments, the quantum bit is a superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bit.

[0072] In some embodiments, the single chip 55 is placed in a low temperature environment in use, where the low temperature environment generally refers to a range of 100mK-4.2K (K refers to Kelvin), which can be achieved by, for example but not limited to, a dilution refrigerator. The input signal 51 will be distorted when transmitted from room temperature (or a relatively high temperature region) to a low temperature environment, i.e. the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters will change, so that when the input signal 51 is transmitted to the quantum bit processing unit, the actual phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters will deviate from the pre-set values, making the manipulation process of the quantum bit more difficult or even uncontrollable.

[0073] In some embodiments, the input signal 51 can be input to the quantum bit processing unit 52 to manipulate the quantum bit, or can be input to the adjustable device 53 for calibration. When the input signal 51 is input to the adjustable device 53, a detection signal 56 is obtained, and since the quantum bit processing unit 52 and the adjustable device 53 are arranged close to each other (in the same environment), it can be considered that the input signal 51 reaching the adjustable microwave standard response device 53 is equivalent to the input signal reaching the quantum bit processing unit 52.

[0074] The above-mentioned detection signal 56 is further fed back to the control device via the mode selection device 54, and the feedback path of the detection signal 56 can be "through". The control device obtains the deviation between the actual signal reaching the adjustable device 53 and the input signal 51 according to the related parameters of the detection signal 56 and the initial parameters of the input signal 51, and adjusts the manipulation signal generator accordingly according to the obtained deviation. Here, the adjustment can be adjustment of any of the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, or adjustment of several of them.

[0075] The above-mentioned process can be repeated several times until the deviation reaches a pre-set convergence range. The convergence range can be set to a corresponding deviation between any of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 56 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 51 being less than a predetermined value; or it can be set to a corresponding deviation between each of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 56 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 51 being less than a predetermined value; or it can be set to a corresponding deviation between a set function value of several of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 56 and a set function value of the corresponding item of the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 51 being less than a predetermined value.

[0076] The relationship between the above-mentioned deviation and the adjustment can be obtained by theoretical calculation, or can be obtained by empirical correspondence according to the actual use environment, or can be a combination of the above two.

[0077] Figure 6A schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration apparatus 600 is shown, according to some embodiments, with a quantum bit processing unit 62 and an adjustable device 63 disposed on a single chip 67. The single chip here means that the quantum bit processing unit 62 and the adjustable device 63 are fabricated on a single wafer. The quantum bit calibration apparatus 600 further comprises a first mode selection device 61 and a second mode selection device 64. The mode selection devices (61, 64) can change the path of an input signal 65 by remote control (generally in the form of electrical signals, but not limited to electrical signal control), if selected to input to the quantum bit processing unit 62, the quantum bit is manipulated; if selected to input to the adjustable device 63, the calibration step can be performed. In some embodiments, the first mode selection device 61 is disposed on one side of the single chip 67, and the second mode selection device 64 is disposed on the other side of the single chip 67.

[0078] In embodiments, the quantum bit processing unit 62 and the adjustable device 63 should be disposed as close as possible, so that they are placed in the same environment. In addition, the lines from the first mode selection device 61 to the quantum bit processing unit 62 and the adjustable device 63 should be kept consistent in microwave response characteristics.

[0079] The quantum bit processing unit 62 means a chip (or a unit module on a chip) containing one or more quantum bits, and generally includes: the quantum bit itself, a resonator, a line of the input signal, and a matching signal amplification output line. The adjustable device 63 includes controllable switches and a plurality of standard devices for calibration. Generally, the standard devices for calibration include Open\Short\Fixed Load\Thru, etc., and calibration of the input signal 61 can be based on these different standards.

[0080] In some embodiments, the input signal 65, i.e. the signal for manipulating the quantum bit, is transmitted using a coaxial cable, and is generated by a manipulation signal generator. The input signal 65 includes microwave signals and laser signals, and those skilled in the art can select a known signal generator and select the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 65 according to the desired manipulation of the quantum bit. These parameters are also transmitted to the control device.

[0081] In some embodiments, the quantum bit is a superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bit.

[0082] In some embodiments, the single chip 67 is placed in a low temperature environment in use. The low temperature environment generally refers to a temperature range of 100 mK to 4.2 K (K refers to Kelvin), which can be achieved by, for example but not limited to, a dilution refrigerator. When the input signal 61 is transmitted from room temperature (or a relatively high temperature region) to the low temperature environment, distortion occurs, i.e. the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters change, so that when the input signal 61 is transmitted to the quantum bit processing unit, the actual phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters deviate from the preset values, making the manipulation process of the quantum bit more difficult or even uncontrollable.

[0083] In some embodiments, the input signal 65 can be input to the quantum bit processing unit 62 to manipulate the quantum bit, or can be input to the adjustable device 63 for calibration via the first mode selection device 61. When the input signal 61 is input to the adjustable device 63, the detection signal 66 is obtained. Since the quantum bit processing unit 62 and the adjustable device 63 are arranged close to each other (in the same environment), it can be considered that the input signal 65 reaching the adjustable device 63 is equivalent to the input signal reaching the quantum bit processing unit 62.

[0084] The above-mentioned detection signal 66 is further fed back to the control device via the second mode selection device 64. The feedback path of the detection signal 66 can be "through" or "reflection", or a combination of the two. The control device obtains the deviation between the actual signal reaching the adjustable device 63 and the input signal 65 according to the related parameters of the detection signal 66 and the initial parameters of the input signal 65, and adjusts the manipulation signal generator accordingly according to the obtained deviation. Here, the adjustment can be adjustment of any of the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, or adjustment of several of them.

[0085] The above process can be repeated until the deviation reaches a preset convergence range. The convergence range can be set such that the corresponding deviation between any of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 66 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 65 is less than a predetermined value; or the corresponding deviation between each of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 66 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 65 is less than a predetermined value; or the corresponding deviation between the set function value of some of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 66 and the set function value of the corresponding item of the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 65 is less than a predetermined value.

[0086] The relationship between the above deviation degree and the adjustment can be obtained by theoretical calculation, can be obtained by experience according to the actual use environment, or can be a combination of the above two.

[0087] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration device 700 according to some embodiments is shown, which is provided with a quantum bit processing unit 72 and an adjustable device 73 on a single circuit board (PCB) 77. The quantum bit calibration device 700 further comprises a first mode selection device 71 and a second mode selection device 74. The mode selection devices (71, 74) can change the path of the input signal 75 by remote control (generally in the form of electrical signals, but not limited to electrical signal control), if the input is selected to the quantum bit processing unit 72, the quantum bit is manipulated; if the input is selected to the adjustable device 73, the calibration step can be performed. In some embodiments, the first mode selection device 71 is provided on one side of the single chip 77, and the second mode selection device 74 is provided on the other side of the single circuit board 77.

[0088] In embodiments, the quantum bit processing unit 72 and the adjustable device 73 should be arranged as close as possible, so that they are placed in the same environment. In addition, the lines from the first mode selection device 71 to the quantum bit processing unit 72 and the adjustable device 73 should be kept consistent in microwave response characteristics.

[0089] The quantum bit processing unit 72 means a chip (or a unit module above the chip) containing one or more quantum bits, which generally includes: the quantum bit itself, a resonator, a line of the input signal, and a matching signal amplification output line. The adjustable device 73 includes controllable switches and a plurality of standard devices for calibration. Generally, the standard devices for calibration include Open\Short\Fixed Load\Thru, etc., and calibration of the input signal 21 can be performed based on these different standards.

[0090] In some embodiments, the input signal 75, i.e. the signal for manipulating the quantum bit, is transmitted by a coaxial cable, which is generated by a manipulation signal generator. The input signal 75 includes microwave signals and laser signals, and those skilled in the art can select a known signal generator and select the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 75 according to the desired manipulation of the quantum bit. These parameters are transmitted to the control device at the same time.

[0091] In some embodiments, the quantum bit is a superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bit.

[0092] In some embodiments, the single chip 77 is placed in a low temperature environment in use, and the low temperature environment generally refers to a range of 100 mK-4.2 K (K refers to Kelvin), which can be achieved by, for example but not limited to, a dilution refrigerator. When the input signal 75 is transmitted from room temperature (or a relatively high temperature range) to a low temperature environment, the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency and the like will change, so that when the input signal 75 is transmitted to the quantum bit processing unit, the actual phase, intensity, frequency and the like will deviate from the preset value, thereby making the manipulation process of the quantum bit more difficult or even uncontrollable.

[0093] In some embodiments, the input signal 75 can be input to the quantum bit processing unit 72 to manipulate the quantum bit, or can be input to the adjustable device 73 for calibration via the first mode selection device 71. When the input signal 71 is input to the adjustable device 73, the detection signal 77 is obtained, and since the quantum bit processing unit 72 and the adjustable device 73 are arranged close to each other (in the same environment), it can be considered that the input signal 75 reaching the adjustable device 73 is equivalent to the input signal reaching the quantum bit processing unit 72.

[0094] The above-mentioned detection signal 77 is further fed back to the control device via the second mode selection device 74, and the feedback path of the detection signal 77 can be “through” or “reflection”, or a combination of the two. The control device obtains the deviation between the actual signal reaching the adjustable device 73 and the input signal 75 according to the related parameters of the detection signal 77 and the initial parameters of the input signal 75, and adjusts the manipulation signal generator according to the obtained deviation. Here, the adjustment can be adjustment of any of the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, or adjustment of several of them.

[0095] The above process can be repeated until the deviation reaches a preset convergence range. The convergence range can be set to a corresponding deviation between the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 77 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 75 being less than a predetermined value; or it can be set to a corresponding deviation between each of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 77 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 75 being less than a predetermined value; or it can be set to a corresponding deviation between the set function value of some of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 77 and the set function value of the corresponding item of the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 75 being less than a predetermined value.

[0096] The relationship between the above deviation degree and the adjustment can be obtained by theoretical calculation, can be obtained by experience according to the actual use environment, or can be a combination of the above two.

[0097] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration device 800 according to some embodiments is shown, which is provided with a quantum bit processing unit 82 and an adjustable device 83 on a single chip 87. Here, on a single chip refers to that the quantum bit processing unit 82 and the adjustable device 83 are processed on a single wafer. The quantum bit calibration device 800 further comprises a first mode selection device 81 and a second mode selection device 84. The mode selection devices (81, 84) can change the path of the input signal 85 by remote control (generally mainly in the form of electrical signals, but not limited to electrical signal control), if the input is selected to the quantum bit processing unit 82, the quantum bit is manipulated; if the input is selected to the adjustable device 83, the calibration step can be performed. In some embodiments, the first mode selection device 81 is arranged on one side of the single chip 88, and the second mode selection device 84 is arranged on the other side of the single chip 88.

[0098] In embodiments, the quantum bit processing unit 82 and the adjustable device 83 should be arranged as close as possible, so that they are placed in the same environment. In addition, the lines from the first mode selection device 81 to the quantum bit processing unit 82 and the adjustable device 83 should be kept consistent in microwave response characteristics as much as possible.

[0099] The quantum bit processing unit 82 means a chip (or a unit module on a chip) containing one or more quantum bits, which generally includes: quantum bits themselves, resonators, input signal lines, and matching signal amplification output lines. The adjustable device 83 includes controllable switches and a plurality of standard devices for calibration. Generally, the standard devices for calibration include Open\Short\Fixed Load\Thru, etc., and calibration of the input signal 21 can be performed based on these different standards.

[0100] In some embodiments, the input signal 85, i.e. the signal for manipulating the quantum bit, is transmitted by a coaxial cable, which is generated by a manipulation signal generator. The input signal 85 includes microwave signals and laser signals, and those skilled in the art can select a known signal generator and select the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 85 according to the desired manipulation of the quantum bit. These parameters are also transmitted to the control device.

[0101] In some embodiments, the quantum bit is a superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bit.

[0102] In some embodiments, the single chip 88 is placed in a low temperature environment in use. The low temperature environment generally refers to a temperature range of 100 mK to 4.2 K (K refers to Kelvin), which can be achieved by, for example but not limited to, a dilution refrigerator. When the input signal 85 is transmitted from room temperature (or a relatively high temperature region) to the low temperature environment, distortion occurs, i.e. the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters change, so that when the input signal 85 is transmitted to the quantum bit processing unit, the actual phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters deviate from the preset values, making the manipulation process of the quantum bit more difficult or even uncontrollable.

[0103] In some embodiments, the input signal 85 can be input to the quantum bit processing unit 82 to manipulate the quantum bit, or can be input to the adjustable device 83 for calibration via the first mode selection device 81. When the input signal 81 is input to the adjustable device 83, the detection signal 88 is obtained. Since the quantum bit processing unit 82 and the adjustable device 83 are arranged close to each other (in the same environment), the input signal 85 reaching the adjustable device 83 can be considered equivalent to the input signal reaching the quantum bit processing unit 82.

[0104] The detection signal 88 is further fed back to the control device via the second mode selection device 84. The feedback path of the detection signal 88 can be "through" or "reflection", or a combination of the two. The control device obtains the deviation between the signal actually reaching the adjustable device 83 and the input signal 85 according to the related parameters of the detection signal 88 and the initial parameters of the input signal 85, and adjusts the manipulation signal generator accordingly according to the obtained deviation. The adjustment here can be adjustment of any of the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, or adjustment of several of them.

[0105] The above process can be repeated until the deviation reaches a preset convergence range. The convergence range can be set such that the corresponding deviation between any of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 88 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 85 is less than a predetermined value; or the corresponding deviation between each of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 88 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 85 is less than a predetermined value; or the corresponding deviation between the set function value of some of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 88 and the set function value of the corresponding item of the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 85 is less than a predetermined value.

[0106] The relationship between the above deviation degree and the adjustment can be obtained by theoretical calculation, can be obtained by experience according to the actual use environment, or can be a combination of the above two.

[0107] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration device 900 according to some embodiments is shown, which is provided with a quantum bit processing unit 92 and an adjustable device 93 on a single circuit board (PCB) 97. The quantum bit calibration device 900 further comprises a first mode selection device 91 and a second mode selection device 94. The mode selection devices (91, 94) can change the path of the input signal 95 by remote control (generally in the form of electrical signals, but not limited to electrical signal control), if the input is selected to the quantum bit processing unit 92, the quantum bit is manipulated; if the input is selected to the adjustable device 93, the calibration step can be performed. In some embodiments, the first mode selection device 91 is provided on one side of a single chip 99, and the second mode selection device 94 is provided on the other side of the single chip 99.

[0108] In embodiments, the quantum bit processing unit 92 and the adjustable device 93 should be arranged as close as possible, so that they are placed in the same environment. In addition, the lines from the first mode selection device 91 to the quantum bit processing unit 92 and the adjustable device 93 should be kept consistent in microwave response characteristics.

[0109] The quantum bit processing unit 92 means a chip (or a unit module above the chip) containing one or more quantum bits, which generally includes: the quantum bit itself, a resonator, a line of the input signal, and a matching signal amplification output line. The adjustable device 93 includes controllable switches and a plurality of standard devices for calibration. Generally, the standard devices for calibration include Open\Short\Fixed Load\Thru, etc., and calibration of the input signal 21 can be performed based on these different standards.

[0110] In some embodiments, the input signal 95, i.e. the signal for manipulating the quantum bit, is transmitted using a coaxial cable, which is generated by a manipulation signal generator. The input signal 95 includes microwave signals and laser signals, and those skilled in the art can select a known signal generator and select the phase, intensity, frequency, etc. of the input signal 95 according to the desired manipulation of the quantum bit. These parameters are also transmitted to the control device.

[0111] In some embodiments, the quantum bit is a superconducting Josephson junction-based quantum bit.

[0112] In some embodiments, the single chip 99 is placed in a low temperature environment in use. The low temperature environment generally refers to a temperature range of 100 mK to 4.2 K (K refers to Kelvin), which can be achieved by, for example but not limited to, a dilution refrigerator. When the input signal 95 is transmitted from room temperature (or a relatively high temperature region) to the low temperature environment, distortion occurs, i.e. the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters change, so that when the input signal 95 is transmitted to the quantum bit processing unit, the actual phase, intensity, frequency, etc. parameters deviate from the preset values, making the manipulation process of the quantum bit more difficult or even uncontrollable.

[0113] In some embodiments, the input signal 95 can be input to the quantum bit processing unit 92 to manipulate the quantum bit, or can be input to the adjustable device 93 for calibration via the first mode selection device 91. When the input signal 91 is input to the adjustable device 93, the input signal 95 reaching the adjustable device 93 is considered to be equivalent to the input signal reaching the quantum bit processing unit 92, because the quantum bit processing unit 92 and the adjustable device 93 are arranged close to each other (in the same environment).

[0114] The above-mentioned detection signal 99 is further fed back to the control device via the second mode selection device 94. The feedback path of the detection signal 99 can be "through" or "reflection", or a combination of the two. The control device obtains the deviation between the actual signal reaching the adjustable device 93 and the input signal 95 according to the related parameters of the detection signal 99 and the initial parameters of the input signal 95, and adjusts the manipulation signal generator accordingly according to the obtained deviation. The adjustment here can be adjustment of any of the above-mentioned phase, intensity, frequency, or adjustment of several of them.

[0115] The above process can be repeated multiple times until the deviation reaches a preset convergence range. The convergence range can be set such that the corresponding deviation between any of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 99 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 95 is less than a predetermined value; or the corresponding deviation between each of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 99 and the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 95 is less than a predetermined value; or the corresponding deviation between the set function value of some of the phase, intensity, frequency of the detection signal 99 and the set function value of the corresponding item of the phase, intensity, frequency of the input signal 95 is less than a predetermined value.

[0116] The relationship between the above deviation degree and the adjustment can be obtained by theoretical calculation, can be obtained by experience according to the actual use environment, or can be a combination of the above two.

[0117] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a quantum bit measurement and control system 1000 is shown according to some embodiments, wherein 101 is a low-temperature environment, and 102 is a quantum bit calibration device that can include the above multiple embodiments, i.e., 102 includes a quantum bit processing unit 1021 and an adjustable device 1022.

[0118] The quantum bit measurement and control system 1000 further includes a control device 103, a control signal generator 105, and an optional computer 104. The control device 103 can also be a computer itself. In some embodiments, the control device 103, the computer 104, and the control signal generator 105 are communicatively connected. The process of signal generation and calibration is as described in the above embodiments.

[0119] Figure 11 A flowchart of a quantum bit measurement and control method is shown according to some embodiments, including: transmitting a quantum bit control signal to a calibration device corresponding to the quantum bit (adjacent); detecting the control signal and obtaining a detection signal; and adjusting the control signal used to control the quantum bit based at least on the detection signal, so that the control signal transmitted to the quantum bit to be controlled is accurately controllable.

[0120] It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments (and / or aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of some embodiments without departing from their scope. While the dimensions and types of materials described herein are intended to define the parameters of some embodiments, embodiments are by no means limited thereto, but are illustrative only. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Therefore, it is to be understood that the scope of some embodiments is to be defined by the appended claims and equivalents of such claims as permitted by the scope of the law. In the appended claims, the terms "comprise" and "comprising" are to be construed as the readily understood equivalents of the respective terms "include" and "including" and "contain" and "containing." Furthermore, in the following claims, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. In addition, the limitations of the appended claims are not written in the format of means-plus-function, unless and until such claims explicitly recite the phrase "means for" followed by a structural limitation, followed by the phrase "to" followed by a function limitation.

[0121] It is also important to note that the term "comprising" or "including" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that some embodiments of the disclosure can be a system, a method, and / or a computer program product. The disclosure can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the disclosure can take the form of a computer program product on one or more computer readable storage medium (s) having computer readable program code embodied in the medium.

[0123] Computer readable media includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information accessible to a computing device. According to the definition herein, computer readable media does not include transitory media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0124] This written description uses examples to disclose some embodiments, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice some embodiments, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope is defined by the claims and can include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.

Claims

1. A quantum bit measurement and control system, comprising: A quantum bit processing unit, wherein the quantum bit processing unit includes at least one quantum bit; An adjustable device, wherein the adjustable device is disposed adjacent to the quantum bit processing unit, and the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device are located on the same chip; A control signal generator, which can be selectively connected to the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device; In this process, a quantum bit manipulation signal is input to the adjustable device to obtain a detection signal, which is then fed back to the control device. The control device is used to determine the deviation between the actual signal reaching the adjustable device and the quantum bit manipulation signal based on the relevant parameters of the detection signal and the initial parameters of the quantum bit manipulation signal, and to control the manipulation signal generator to adjust the quantum bit manipulation signal based on the deviation.

2. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 1, wherein: The qubits mentioned are qubits based on superconducting Josephson junctions.

3. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 1, wherein: A first mode selection device is provided on the first side of the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device.

4. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 3, wherein: A second mode selection device is provided on the second side of the quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device.

5. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 1, wherein: The quantum bit processing unit and the adjustable device are mounted on the same circuit board (PCB).

6. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 4, wherein: The quantum bit processing unit, the adjustable device, the first mode selection device, and the second mode selection device are disposed on the same chip.

7. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 4, wherein: The quantum bit processing unit, the adjustable device, the first mode selection device, and the second mode selection device are all mounted on the same circuit board (PCB).

8. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 1, wherein: At least one regulator is provided between the control signal generator and the quantum bit processing unit.

9. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein: The control signal generator is used to generate quantum bit control signals, which include microwave signals and laser signals.

10. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 9, wherein: The adjustable device receives the quantum bit manipulation signal and generates a detection signal, which is fed back to the control device. The control device controls the manipulation signal generator to adjust the quantum bit manipulation signal based at least on the detection signal.

11. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 10, wherein: The control signal generator adjusts the quantum bit control signal by adjusting at least one of the following parameters: phase, intensity, and frequency.

12. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 4, wherein: The first mode selection device and the second mode selection device are configured to achieve: selection of multiple control signal modes and selection of control signal paths.

13. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 12, wherein: The control signal mode selection includes reflection mode and penetration mode.

14. The quantum bit measurement and control system according to claim 5, wherein: The chip or circuit board is placed in a low-temperature environment, including the liquid helium temperature range.

15. A method for measuring and controlling qubits, comprising: Transmitting quantum bit manipulation signals to the quantum bit; The control signal is detected, and a detection signal is obtained; The quantum bit manipulation signal is adjusted at least based on the detection signal; The detection signal is obtained by inputting the qubit manipulation signal into the adjustable device and detecting it. The detection signal is then fed back to the control device. The control device is further configured to determine the deviation between the actual signal reaching the adjustable device and the qubit manipulation signal based on the relevant parameters of the detection signal and the initial parameters of the qubit manipulation signal. Based on the deviation, the control device controls the manipulation signal generator to adjust the qubit manipulation signal. The adjustable device is located adjacent to the qubit processing unit, and the qubit processing unit and the adjustable device are on the same chip. The qubit processing unit includes at least one qubit.

16. The quantum bit measurement and control method according to claim 15, wherein: The quantum bit manipulation signals include microwave signals and laser signals.

17. The quantum bit measurement and control method according to claim 16, wherein: The method of adjusting the quantum bit manipulation signal includes adjusting at least one of the following parameters: phase, intensity, and frequency.

18. The quantum bit measurement and control method according to claim 16, wherein: The control signals include reflection mode and penetration mode.

19. A quantum computing device, comprising the quantum bit measurement and control system as described in any one of claims 5 or 6.

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