An anti-icing and de-icing component and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses an anti-icing component and its preparation method, relating to the field of composite material anti-icing technology. The component includes: a composite material layer; a high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film embedded in the composite material layer; the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film comprising a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer, an electric heating layer, and a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer sequentially distributed along a direction gradually moving away from the surface requiring anti-icing; the electric heating layer is electrically connected to a power source, which is located outside the anti-icing component; both the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer and the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer are tightly bonded to the composite material layer, and both are tightly bonded to the electric heating layer; a temperature sensor is disposed between the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer and the electric heating layer, and the temperature sensor is used to acquire the temperature of the electric heating layer in real time. Preparation method: The composite material layer, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film, and the temperature sensor are co-cured and molded. This invention improves the anti-icing effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite material anti-icing technology, and in particular to an anti-icing component and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Icing on the surfaces of aircraft, wind turbine blades, radar radomes, and other equipment can severely impact their normal operation. Aircraft icing can occur on wings, tail sections, air intake leading edges, and windshields, significantly disrupting aerodynamics. Icing reduces lift, increases drag, and impairs stability; severe icing can even lead to crashes. Icing on wind turbine blades affects aerodynamic characteristics, causes load imbalances, increases vibration / fatigue loads, reduces turbine output power, and can even cause turbine shutdown. Icing on radar radomes can affect electromagnetic transmission and compromise antenna structural stability.

[0003] Currently, more and more composite materials are being used for aircraft wing / rotor skin, and almost all wind turbine blades and radar radomes are made of composite materials. Therefore, anti-icing and de-icing of composite material surfaces has become a problem that must be solved.

[0004] Traditional de-icing technologies include mechanical de-icing, liquid de-icing, and thermal de-icing, among which hot gas de-icing and electrothermal de-icing are the most widely used. However, hot gas de-icing methods operate at high temperatures, making them unsuitable for composite materials and severely limiting their application. Traditional electrothermal de-icing methods often use heating elements such as metal heating plates and heating wires, embedded within the protected area (such as wing skin and wind turbine blades). On the one hand, metal heating elements have poor fatigue resistance and are prone to failure during flight vibrations, resulting in high maintenance costs. On the other hand, composite materials have very low heat transfer efficiency and very slow response speed, leading to high energy consumption, low efficiency, and large temperature gradients in de-icing.

[0005] The newly developed electric heating anti-icing coating (film) is generally sprayed directly onto the outer side of the composite skin, which has better fatigue resistance, heat transfer efficiency and response speed than the traditional method of built-in electric heating elements; however, the outermost layer of the coating is at risk of being damaged by sand and gravel impacts, and the coating spraying and maintenance processes require a long time for aircraft operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an anti-icing component and its preparation method to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and to improve the anti-icing effect while reducing the probability of damage to the heated anti-icing component.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0008] This invention provides an anti-icing and de-icing component, comprising:

[0009] A composite material layer having a surface requiring anti-icing properties;

[0010] A high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film is embedded in the composite material layer; the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film includes a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer, an electric heating layer, and a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer, which are sequentially distributed along a direction gradually away from the surface that needs to be de-iced; the electric heating layer is electrically connected to a power source, which is located outside the de-icing assembly; the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer and the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer are both tightly bonded to the composite material layer, and the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer and the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer are both tightly bonded to the electric heating layer;

[0011] A temperature sensor is disposed between the high-temperature resistant insulating layer and the electric heating layer, and the temperature sensor is used to obtain the temperature of the electric heating layer in real time.

[0012] Preferably, the composite material layer is all or part of an aircraft skin, a wind turbine blade skin, or a radar radome.

[0013] Preferably, the composite material layer includes a thermally conductive outer layer and a load-bearing layer, and the surface requiring anti-icing is located on the outer surface of the thermally conductive outer layer; the thermally conductive outer layer and the load-bearing layer are integrally formed, and a cavity is formed between the thermally conductive outer layer and the load-bearing layer, and the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film is disposed in the cavity.

[0014] Preferably, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film is provided with a plurality of through holes, and a connecting post is inserted through each of the through holes. One end of the connecting post is connected to the heat-conducting outer layer and the other end is connected to the bearing layer.

[0015] The through hole can be a circular through hole, a square through hole, a diamond-shaped through hole, or a cross-shaped through hole.

[0016] Preferably, the connecting post is formed by filling the corresponding through hole with epoxy resin adhesive; both the thermally conductive outer layer and the bearing layer include one or at least two layers of composite material prepreg, wherein the composite material prepreg is glass fiber-epoxy resin prepreg or carbon fiber-epoxy resin prepreg; the thickness of the thermally conductive outer layer is ≤1mm, and the thickness of the bearing layer is ≥2mm.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature sensor is signal-connected to the control unit, and the control unit is used to adjust the electric heating power of the electric heating layer according to the temperature signal of the electric heating layer obtained by the temperature sensor.

[0018] Preferably, the composite material layer, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film, and the temperature sensor are connected together after being treated with a co-curing molding process.

[0019] Preferably, the electric heating layer includes a conductive layer, two terminals and two flexible electrodes respectively disposed at both ends of the conductive layer. The terminals correspond one-to-one with the flexible electrodes, one end of each terminal is electrically connected to the corresponding flexible electrode, and the other end extends out of the composite material layer.

[0020] Preferably, the high-temperature resistant insulating layer is made of a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and insulating filler; the conductive layer is made of a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and conductive filler; and the high-temperature resistant insulating thermally conductive layer is made of the high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and insulating thermally conductive filler.

[0021] The high-temperature resistant polymer matrix is ​​one or at least two of the following: high-temperature resistant silicone sealant, high-temperature resistant silicone rubber, high-temperature resistant polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, polyimide emulsion, and polyamide-imide emulsion; the insulating and heat-insulating filler is hollow glass microspheres and / or hollow ceramic microspheres; the insulating and thermally conductive filler is one or at least two of the following: cubic boron nitride, alumina, and aluminum nitride; the conductive filler is one or at least two of the following: nano-graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers; and the flexible electrode is copper foil, copper mesh, or silver-plated cloth.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned anti-icing component, comprising the following steps:

[0023] (1) Add 5-30% by mass of insulating and thermally conductive filler to a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and mix them evenly to obtain a first mixed raw material. Use the first mixed raw material to prepare a high-temperature resistant insulating and thermally conductive layer by spraying, scraping or casting.

[0024] (2) Connect the terminal block to the corresponding flexible electrode;

[0025] (3) Fix the two flexible electrodes to the surface of the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer;

[0026] (4) Add 5-20% by mass of conductive filler to the high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and dilute it with diluent. Then mix it evenly to obtain a second mixed raw material. Use the second mixed raw material to prepare a conductive layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer by spraying, scraping or casting. The two ends of the conductive layer are respectively connected to the two flexible electrodes.

[0027] (5) Solder the temperature sensor to the signal line, and insulate and shield the temperature sensor and the signal line; then fix the temperature sensor on the conductive layer.

[0028] (6) Add 5-30% by mass of insulating and heat-insulating filler to the high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and mix them evenly to obtain a third mixed raw material. Use the third mixed raw material to prepare a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer on the conductive layer and the flexible electrode by spraying, scraping or casting; and obtain a high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film.

[0029] (7) Several through holes are prepared on the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film by laser engraving or stamping process;

[0030] (8) The upper and lower surfaces of the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film are activated by plasma treatment;

[0031] (9) At least two layers of composite prepreg are used as the carrier layer, and one or at least two layers of composite prepreg are used as the thermally conductive outer layer; the carrier layer, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film and the thermally conductive outer layer are stacked sequentially from bottom to top, and epoxy resin is injected into each of the through holes before stacking the thermally conductive outer layer, and then the thermally conductive outer layer is stacked, and the electric heating film terminal and the temperature sensor signal line pass through the carrier layer in the normal direction; to obtain the assembly;

[0032] (10) The internal air of the assembly is removed by vacuuming, and then the assembly is subjected to heating and pressure co-curing molding to obtain the anti-icing component.

[0033] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0034] The anti-icing component and its preparation method of the present invention can improve the anti-icing effect while reducing the probability of damage to the heating anti-icing component; at the same time, it has strong interchangeability and is simple to install, maintain and replace.

[0035] The high-temperature resistant flexible heating film in the anti-icing component of the present invention is built into the composite material layer, which can quickly conduct heat to the surface that needs to be de-iced through the high-temperature resistant insulating heat-conducting layer; and the conductive layer in the high-temperature resistant flexible heating film of the present invention is made of high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and conductive filler, which has strong fatigue resistance and long service life.

[0036] The anti-icing and de-icing components of this invention are applicable to the anti-icing and de-icing of various fixed-wing aircraft wings, tails, air intake lips, helicopter rotors, and other aircraft, as well as composite material structures such as wind turbine blades and radar radomes. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-icing and de-icing assembly of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the anti-icing and de-icing component of the present invention;

[0040] Among them, 1. High-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film; 11. High-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer; 12. Flexible electrode; 13. Conductive layer; 14. High-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer; 2. Composite material layer; 21. Heat-conducting outer layer; 22. Connecting post; 23. Bearing layer; 3. Temperature sensor; 4. Terminal post; 5. Signal line. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The purpose of this invention is to provide an anti-icing component and its preparation method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It improves the anti-icing effect while reducing the probability of damage to the heating anti-icing component; at the same time, it has strong interchangeability and is simple to install, maintain and replace.

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an anti-icing and de-icing component, including a composite material layer 2, a high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 embedded in the composite material layer 2, and a temperature sensor 3 embedded in the composite material layer 2.

[0046] Composite layer 2 has a surface that requires anti-icing and de-icing; in practical applications, composite layer 2 can be used as aircraft skin, wind turbine blade skin, or radar antenna radome, etc.

[0047] In this embodiment, the composite material layer 2 includes a thermally conductive outer layer 21 and a supporting layer 23, with the surface requiring anti-icing located on the outer surface of the thermally conductive outer layer 21. The thermally conductive outer layer 21 and the supporting layer 23 are integrally formed, and a cavity is formed between the thermally conductive outer layer 21 and the supporting layer 23, with the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 disposed in the cavity. Both the thermally conductive outer layer 21 and the supporting layer 23 include one or at least two layers of composite material prepreg, which is either glass fiber-epoxy resin prepreg or carbon fiber-epoxy resin prepreg. The thickness of the thermally conductive outer layer 21 is ≤1mm, and the thickness of the supporting layer 23 is ≥2mm.

[0048] The high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 is built into the cavity as a heating element to provide heat to the surface of the composite material layer 2 that needs to be de-iced, so as to achieve the effect of de-icing.

[0049] In this embodiment, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 includes a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer 14, an electric heating layer, and a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer 11, which are sequentially distributed along a direction gradually away from the surface that needs to be de-iced. The electric heating layer is electrically connected to a power source, which is located outside the de-icing assembly. The high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer 14 is tightly attached to the heat-conducting outer layer 21, and the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer 11 is tightly attached to the bearing layer 23. Both the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer 14 and the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer 11 are tightly attached to the electric heating layer.

[0050] The electric heating layer includes a conductive layer 13, two terminals 4 and two flexible electrodes 12 respectively disposed at both ends of the conductive layer 13. The terminals 4 and the flexible electrodes 12 correspond one-to-one. One end of the terminal 4 is electrically connected to the corresponding flexible electrode 12, and the other end extends out of the composite material layer 2.

[0051] The high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer 11 is made of a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and insulating and heat-insulating filler; the conductive layer 13 is made of a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and conductive filler; the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer 14 is made of a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and insulating and heat-conducting filler.

[0052] The high-temperature resistant polymer matrix is ​​one or more of the following: high-temperature resistant silicone sealant, high-temperature resistant silicone rubber, high-temperature resistant polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, polyimide emulsion, and polyamide-imide emulsion; the insulating and heat-insulating filler is hollow glass microspheres and / or hollow ceramic microspheres; the insulating and thermally conductive filler is one or more of the following: cubic boron nitride, alumina, and aluminum nitride; the conductive filler is one or more of the following: nano-graphite, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers; and the flexible electrode 12 is copper foil, copper mesh, or silver-plated cloth.

[0053] Temperature sensor 3 is positioned between the high-temperature resistant insulating layer 11 and the electric heating layer. Temperature sensor 3 is used to acquire the temperature of the electric heating layer in real time. Temperature sensor 3 is connected to the control unit via signal line 5, which passes through the carrier layer 23. The control unit is used to adjust the electric heating power of the electric heating layer based on the temperature signal acquired by temperature sensor 3.

[0054] It should be noted that the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 has several through holes, and a connecting post 22 is inserted into each through hole. The connecting post 22 is formed by filling the corresponding through hole with epoxy resin. One end of the connecting post 22 is connected to the heat-conducting outer layer 21, and the other end is connected to the bearing layer 23. The through holes can be circular, square, diamond, or cross-shaped. The through holes serve two purposes: firstly, to house the connecting post 22, and secondly, to improve the electromagnetic wave transmission performance of the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1, making the anti-icing component suitable for equipment surfaces with electromagnetic wave transmission requirements.

[0055] The composite material layer 2, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1, and the temperature sensor 3 are connected together after being treated by a co-curing molding process.

[0056] In this embodiment, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 is embedded in the composite material layer 2, making it less susceptible to damage from sand and gravel impacts. The heat generated by the electric heating layer in the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 can be quickly conducted to the surface requiring de-icing through the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer 14. Furthermore, the conductive layer 13 in the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 in this embodiment is made of a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and conductive fillers, exhibiting strong fatigue resistance and a long service life. An external control unit (specifically, a PLC programmable controller or a host computer, etc.) adjusts the electric heating power of the electric heating layer in real time based on the temperature signal obtained from the temperature sensor 3, enabling intelligent control of the heating temperature of the electric heating layer.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing component according to Embodiment 1, specifically including the following steps:

[0059] (1) Insulating and thermally conductive filler with a mass ratio of 5 to 30% is added to a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and mixed evenly to obtain a first mixed raw material. The high-temperature resistant insulating and thermally conductive layer 14 is prepared by spraying, scraping or casting with a mold using the first mixed raw material.

[0060] (2) Connect one end of the terminal 4 to the corresponding flexible electrode 12 by means of brazing, resistance welding or other methods.

[0061] (3) Weld and fix the two flexible electrodes 12 to a suitable position on the surface of the high temperature resistant insulating heat-conducting layer 14; and make the terminal 4 away from the high temperature resistant insulating heat-conducting layer 14.

[0062] (4) Add 5-20% by mass of conductive filler to the high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and dilute it with diluent. Then mix it evenly to obtain a second mixed raw material. Use the second mixed raw material to prepare a conductive layer 13 on the surface of the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer 14 by spraying, scraping or casting. The two ends are respectively connected to two flexible electrodes 12. Thus, the electric heating layer is obtained.

[0063] (5) Solder the temperature sensor 3 to the signal line 5, and insulate and shield the temperature sensor 3 and the signal line 5; then fix the temperature sensor 3 on the conductive layer 13.

[0064] (6) Add 5-30% by mass of insulating and heat-insulating filler to the high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and mix them evenly to obtain a third mixed raw material. Use the third mixed raw material to prepare a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer 11 on the electric heating layer by spraying, scraping or casting; and obtain a high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1.

[0065] (7) Several through holes are prepared on the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 by laser engraving or stamping process; it should be noted that the position of the through holes should avoid the temperature sensor 3 and the flexible electrode 12; the cut of the through holes is insulated by using a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix;

[0066] (8) The upper and lower surfaces of the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 are activated by plasma treatment to enhance the adhesion performance between the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 and the composite material layer 2.

[0067] (9) At least two layers of composite prepreg are used as the carrier layer 23, and at least one layer of composite prepreg is used as the thermally conductive outer layer 21; the carrier layer 23, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film 1 and the thermally conductive outer layer 21 are stacked sequentially from bottom to top. It should be noted that before stacking the thermally conductive outer layer 21, epoxy resin is injected into each through hole to form a connecting post 22 that connects the carrier layer 23 and the thermally conductive outer layer 21. Then the thermally conductive outer layer 21 is stacked, and the electric heating film terminal 4 and the signal line 5 of the temperature sensor 3 pass through the carrier layer 23 in the normal direction; thus, the assembly is obtained.

[0068] (10) The internal air of the assembly is removed by vacuuming, and then the assembly is subjected to heating and pressure co-curing molding treatment to obtain a composite material anti-icing component with electric heating anti-icing performance.

[0069] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. An anti-icing and de-icing component, characterized in that, include: A composite material layer having a surface requiring de-icing protection; the composite material layer is all or part of an aircraft skin, a wind turbine blade skin, or a radar radome. A high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film is embedded in the composite material layer. The high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film includes a high-temperature resistant insulating thermally conductive layer, an electric heating layer, and a high-temperature resistant insulating thermal insulation layer, which are sequentially distributed along a direction gradually away from the surface requiring anti-icing. The electric heating layer is electrically connected to a power source, which is located outside the anti-icing component. The high-temperature resistant insulating thermally conductive layer and the high-temperature resistant insulating thermal insulation layer are both tightly bonded to the composite material layer, and the high-temperature resistant insulating thermally conductive layer and the high-temperature resistant insulating thermal insulation layer are also tightly bonded to the electric heating layer. The composite material layer includes a thermally conductive outer layer and a supporting layer. The surface requiring anti-icing is located on the outer surface of the thermally conductive outer layer. The thermally conductive outer layer and the supporting layer are integrally formed, and a cavity is formed between the thermally conductive outer layer and the supporting layer. The high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film is disposed in the cavity. The high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film has several through holes, and a connecting post passes through each through hole. One end of the connecting post is connected to the thermally conductive outer layer, and the other end is connected to the supporting layer. A temperature sensor is disposed between the high-temperature resistant insulating layer and the electric heating layer, and the temperature sensor is used to acquire the temperature of the electric heating layer in real time; the composite material layer, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film and the temperature sensor are connected together after being treated by a co-curing molding process.

2. The anti-icing and de-icing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through hole can be a circular through hole, a square through hole, a diamond-shaped through hole, or a cross-shaped through hole.

3. The anti-icing and de-icing assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting post is formed by filling the corresponding through hole with epoxy resin; the thermally conductive outer layer and the bearing layer each include one or at least two layers of composite material prepreg, the composite material prepreg being glass fiber-epoxy resin prepreg or carbon fiber-epoxy resin prepreg; the thickness of the thermally conductive outer layer is ≤1mm, and the thickness of the bearing layer is ≥2mm.

4. The anti-icing and de-icing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor is connected to the control unit, which is used to adjust the electric heating power of the electric heating layer according to the temperature signal of the electric heating layer obtained by the temperature sensor.

5. The anti-icing and de-icing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heating layer includes a conductive layer, two terminals and two flexible electrodes respectively disposed at both ends of the conductive layer. The terminals correspond one-to-one with the flexible electrodes. One end of each terminal is electrically connected to the corresponding flexible electrode, and the other end extends out of the composite material layer.

6. The anti-icing and de-icing assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-temperature resistant insulating layer is made of a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and insulating filler; the conductive layer is made of a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and conductive filler; the high-temperature resistant insulating thermally conductive layer is made of the high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and insulating thermally conductive filler. The high-temperature resistant polymer matrix is ​​one or at least two of the following: high-temperature resistant silicone sealant, high-temperature resistant silicone rubber, high-temperature resistant polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, polyimide emulsion, and polyamide-imide emulsion; the insulating and heat-insulating filler is hollow glass microspheres and / or hollow ceramic microspheres; the insulating and thermally conductive filler is one or at least two of the following: cubic boron nitride, alumina, and aluminum nitride; the conductive filler is one or at least two of the following: nano-graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers; and the flexible electrode is copper foil, copper mesh, or silver-plated cloth.

7. A method for preparing an anti-icing and de-icing component according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Incorporate 5-30% by mass of insulating and thermally conductive filler into a high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and mix them evenly to obtain a first mixed raw material. Use the first mixed raw material to prepare a high-temperature resistant insulating and thermally conductive layer by spraying, scraping or casting. (2) Connect the terminal block to the corresponding flexible electrode; (3) Fix the two flexible electrodes to the surface of the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer; (4) Add 5-20% by mass of conductive filler to the high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and dilute it with diluent. Then mix it evenly to obtain a second mixed raw material. Use the second mixed raw material to prepare a conductive layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-conducting layer by spraying, scraping or casting. The two ends of the conductive layer are respectively connected to the two flexible electrodes. (5) Solder the temperature sensor to the signal line, and insulate and shield the temperature sensor and the signal line; then fix the temperature sensor on the conductive layer. (6) Add 5-30% by mass of insulating and heat-insulating filler to the high-temperature resistant polymer matrix and mix evenly to obtain a third mixed raw material. Use the third mixed raw material to prepare a high-temperature resistant insulating and heat-insulating layer on the conductive layer and the flexible electrode by spraying, scraping or casting; to obtain a high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film. (7) Several through holes are prepared on the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film by laser engraving or stamping process; (8) The upper and lower surfaces of the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film are activated by plasma treatment; (9) Use at least two layers of composite prepreg as the support layer and use one or at least two layers of composite prepreg as the thermally conductive outer layer; stack the support layer, the high-temperature resistant flexible electric heating film and the thermally conductive outer layer from bottom to top, inject epoxy resin into each of the through holes before stacking the thermally conductive outer layer, and then stack the thermally conductive outer layer, and pass the electric heating film terminal and temperature sensor signal line through the support layer in the normal direction; The combined object is obtained; (10) The internal air of the assembly is removed by vacuuming, and then the assembly is cured by heating and pressurizing to obtain the anti-icing component.

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