A method for rapid seedling raising of plum grafting

Abstract

The invention provides a method for rapid seedling raising of plum grafting, and relates to the technical field of plum seedling raising. The method for rapid seedling raising of plum grafting mainly comprises selecting peach as a rootstock, pre-treating plum tree seeds, collecting and refrigerating grafted scions, soaking the grafted scions in water and waking them up with hot water, and perforating the wedge-shaped surface of the grafted scions before grafting, while using nutrient solution to assist healing and sealing growth management. The invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, and can effectively improve the survival rate after grafting and the healing efficiency of wounds by treating plum seeds and grafted scions, improve the rate of overall seedling raising, and improve the economic benefits of seedling raising.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plum seedling cultivation, and in particular to a method for rapid plum grafting seedling cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Plum is a common fruit. Plum trees bear fruit early, have few diseases and pests, and have no bad years. Plum fruits are rich in nutrition and taste good, and have high market value. Therefore, plum trees are an important economic fruit tree for many family farms and professional households.

[0003] There are two main methods of plum seedling cultivation: cutting seedling cultivation and grafting seedling cultivation. Among them, grafting seedling cultivation is widely used in plum seedling cultivation because of its easy operation, high survival rate, and the ability to improve the cold resistance of plum trees to a certain extent.

[0004] Commonly used plum seedling rootstocks include wild apricot, elm-leaf plum, wild peach, hairy peach and small red plum. The seedling raising methods are similar, but the final seedling raising results of different rootstocks will also be different. Among them, the survival rate of plum trees grafted on elm-leaf plum is the highest, reaching 99%, and the survival rate of plum trees grafted on wild apricot is the lowest, about 85%. However, the healing condition of plum trees grafted on elm-leaf plum as the rootstock is poor, and it is easy to produce wind breakage, and there will also be a more serious phenomenon of big and small feet. In addition, elm-leaf plum as a rootstock will also cause premature aging of plum trees, seriously affecting the actual economic benefits of planting. Therefore, for the sake of orchard economy, it is necessary to design a grafting seedling raising method with high survival rate and high healing according to the growth characteristics of plum trees. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for rapid seedling raising of plum grafting, which adopts peach as the rootstock. By treating plum seeds and grafting scions, the survival rate after grafting and the healing efficiency of wounds can be effectively improved, the overall seedling raising rate can be increased, and the economic benefit of seedling raising can be improved.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Rootstock selection: Select peach tree as the rootstock and cultivate the rootstock by sowing and seedling raising;

[0009] (2) Seed pretreatment: Collect high-quality plums, remove the pulp, select the seeds, soak the seeds in 2% salt water, rinse with ice water, dry them, and perform stratification treatment;

[0010] (3) Plum bud collection: The seeds after the stratification treatment are subjected to conventional management after sowing, and after the seedlings emerge and grow, they are winter pruned to collect the grafted buds, and then refrigerated and stored in sandy soil;

[0011] (4) Grafting scion treatment: After the above storage, the grafting scion is taken out and 2-3 buds on the upper end are retained. After being soaked in cold water for 10 hours, the lower end of the grafting scion is soaked in hot water. The branches on the lower end are then taken out and cut off, and the length of the upper branches is retained to be 8-10 cm. The bottom of the grafting scion is cut into a double-sided wedge shape, and a through hole is set on the wedge surface;

[0012] (5) Grafting: Select the main trunk of the stock seedling 5-6 cm above the ground and cut it to the plane with scissors, split a small hole in the center of the main trunk plane, insert the bottom of the above-mentioned grafting scion into the double-sided wedge-shaped part, and spray the nutrient solution on the grafting scion and the grafting part of the stock, then fix the grafting scion with a plastic strip, and then seal the interface with plastic wrap;

[0013] (6) Management: After the grafting wound has healed, remove the plastic wrap and plastic strips. After the graft is successful, only one high-quality bud should be retained. After grafting, the rootstock should be replenished with water and fertilized in time.

[0014] Preferably, the sowing and seedling raising method of the rootstock comprises the following steps:

[0015] S2-1, soaking the peach seeds after storage in cold water and warm water respectively, and then soaking the seeds in 15% gibberellin at room temperature for 8-10 hours;

[0016] S2-2, placing the soaked peach seeds in a greenhouse, burying them in sand to accelerate germination, the burial depth is 35-40 cm, the humidity of the sandy soil is maintained at 20-30%, and the temperature is maintained at 22-25° C., and the seeds are buried for 12-16 days;

[0017] S2-3, taking out the buried seeds and sowing them in the field, sowing them at a spacing of 25cm-30cm and a depth of 5cm-7cm, and then covering them with mulch film;

[0018] S2-4. After the seedlings emerge, remove the plastic film in time, remove weeds and apply fertilizer. When the seedlings grow to a height of more than 30 cm, they can be grafted.

[0019] Preferably, the cold water and warm water circulation soaking method in step S2-1 is to first soak in 3-5°C cold water for 20-30 minutes, then soak in 40-45°C warm water for 30-40 minutes, and repeat the cold water and warm water soaking method 2-3 times.

[0020] Preferably, the stratification treatment in step (2) is as follows: mix the seeds and sand in a ratio of 1:4, spray clean water until the sand is moist enough to be squeezed into a ball, stretch out your hand to loosen it, and then put the whole into a storage box and place it in a storage ditch, and cover the top of the storage box with a wooden board, and then cover it with a layer of 8 cm of soil. The treatment time is 40-55 days.

[0021] Preferably, the storage trench is 55-60 cm deep and 80-85 cm wide.

[0022] Preferably, the length of the grafted scions collected in step (3) is 12-15 cm, and the temperature of the sandy soil refrigeration is below 0°C.

[0023] Preferably, in step (4), the lower end of the grafted scion is immersed in hot water for 1-2 minutes and then taken out after immersing 2-3 cm of the lower end of the grafted scion in 80-90°C hot water.

[0024] Preferably, the double-sided wedge cut at the bottom of the grafted scion in step (4) has a length of 2-3 cm, and the small opening in the center of the rootstock in step (5) has a depth of 1.5-2.5 cm.

[0025] Preferably, the through holes on the wedge-shaped surface of the grafting scion are located within 1.5 cm from the bottom, and the diameter of the small holes is 0.8-1 mm, and the number of the small holes is 1-2.

[0026] Preferably, the contents of the various substances in the nutrient solution in step (5) are: sucrose 4 g / L, potassium nitrate 600 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 120 mg / L, and niacin 0.5 mg / L.

[0027] The present invention provides a method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0028] (1) The present invention adopts peach tree as rootstock, and soaks peach seeds in cold water and warm water in a cycle, which can effectively promote seed vitality, effectively improve germination rate, and promote the growth and development of rootstock and branch activity, which is convenient for grafting and healing with later plum tree grafting scions.

[0029] (2) The present invention performs hot water scalding on the lower end of the grafted scion of the plum tree, cuts off the scalded part, cuts the lower end of the grafted scion into a double-sided wedge shape, and sets perforations, thereby effectively improving the vitality of the grafted scion, allowing it to quickly connect with the rootstock in the early stage of grafting, improving the survival rate of the grafted scion, and promoting the healing of the grafted part, shortening the healing time of the grafted scion, preventing wind breakage, and improving the survival rate of the entire seedling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Nutrient solution configuration:

[0032] The nutrient solution was prepared according to 4 g / L sucrose, 600 mg / L potassium nitrate, 120 mg / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5 mg / L niacin.

[0033] The experimental site was selected in Qingxu County, Taiyuan, Shanxi;

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] Preparation of plum grafting scion:

[0036] (1) Select ripe plums of Jujin No. 1, remove the pulp, remove the floating pits in water, select the seeds that sink to the bottom, soak them in 2% salt water for 2 hours, rinse them with ice water, and dry them naturally;

[0037] (2) After the dried seeds and sand are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:4, clean water is sprayed on the sand until the sand is wet enough to be squeezed into a ball. After the sand is loosened by hand, it is placed in a storage box in a storage trench 55-60 cm deep and 80-85 cm wide. The top of the storage box is covered with a wooden board and then covered with a layer of 8 cm of soil. The treatment time is 50 days.

[0038] (3) sowing the treated seeds in the plowed high furrows at a spacing of 15-18 cm, then covering with a 3 cm soil layer, compacting and then covering with grass, and watering to moisten, removing the upper grass after emergence, and when the seedlings grow about 4 true leaves, transplanting the seedlings at a spacing of 15-18 cm, replenishing water and fertilizing in time, and selecting seedlings with a height of 75-90 cm and a diameter of 0.8-1.1 cm that meet the grafting standards in mid-November for ear cutting;

[0039] (4) Collect 12-15 cm long grafted scions from healthy, pest-free branches with full buds. Keep 2-3 full buds on each scion, cover them with wet sand, and keep the storage temperature below 0°C. Take them out for grafting in the spring of the following year.

[0040] Embodiment 2:

[0041] Preparation of plum grafting scion:

[0042] (1) Select ripe plums of Jujin No. 1, remove the pulp, remove the floating pits in water, select the seeds that sink to the bottom and dry them naturally;

[0043] Steps (2) to (4) are the same as in Example 1.

[0044] Embodiment 3:

[0045] Stock treatment:

[0046] (1) Soaking the peach seeds after storage in 3°C cold water for 25 minutes, then soaking them in 40°C warm water for 30-40 minutes, repeating the above cold water and warm water soaking methods twice, and then soaking the seeds in 15% gibberellin at room temperature for 8 hours;

[0047] (2) placing the soaked peach seeds in a greenhouse and burying them in sand for germination at a depth of 35-40 cm. The humidity of the sandy soil is maintained at 20-30% and the temperature is maintained at 22-25° C. for 14 days.

[0048] (3) The buried seeds are taken out and sown in the field at a spacing of 25 cm to 30 cm and a depth of 5 cm to 7 cm, and then covered with mulch film;

[0049] (4) After the seedlings emerge, remove the plastic film and remove weeds and apply fertilizer. When the seedlings grow to a height of more than 30 cm, they can be grafted.

[0050] Embodiment 4:

[0051] Stock treatment:

[0052] (1) Soaking the peach seeds after storage in 15% gibberellin at room temperature for 8 hours;

[0053] Steps (2)-(4) are the same as in Example 3.

[0054] Embodiment 5:

[0055] How to graft plum trees:

[0056] (1) Take out the grafted scion of the plum tree and soak it in cold water for 10 hours. Then, soak the lower 2-3 cm of the grafted scion in 85°C hot water for 1.5 minutes and take it out. Then cut off the branch soaked in hot water at the lower end, leaving the upper branch 8-10 cm long, and cut the bottom of the grafted scion into a double-sided wedge with a length of 2.5 cm. At the same time, use a fine needle to pierce a fine hole within 1.5 cm of the lower end of the wedge;

[0057] (2) The main trunk of the stock seedling is cut with scissors at a height of 5-6 cm from the ground, and a small hole with a depth of 2 cm is split in the center of the main trunk plane, and the bottom of the grafting scion is inserted into the double-sided wedge-shaped small hole, and the nutrient solution is sprayed on the grafting scion and the grafting of the stock, and then the grafting scion is fixed with a plastic strip, and then the interface is sealed with a plastic wrap;

[0058] (3) After the grafting wound heals, remove the plastic wrap and plastic strips. After the grafting is successful, only one high-quality bud should be retained. After the grafting, the rootstock roots should be replenished with water and fertilized in time.

[0059] Embodiment 6:

[0060] How to graft plum trees:

[0061] (1) Take out the grafted scion of the plum tree and soak it in cold water for 10 hours, then cut off the lower branches, leaving the upper branches 8-10 cm long, and cut the bottom of the grafted scion into a double-sided wedge with a length of 2.5 cm;

[0062] Steps (2) and (3) are the same as in Example 5.

[0063] Embodiment 7:

[0064] How to graft plum trees:

[0065] Steps (1) and (3) are the same as in Example 5, and the rest are as follows:

[0066] (2) The main trunk of the rootstock seedling is cut with scissors at a height of 5-6 cm from the ground, and a small hole with a depth of 2 cm is split in the center of the main trunk plane. The bottom of the above-mentioned grafting scion is inserted into the small hole at the double-sided wedge-shaped part, and then the grafting scion is fixed with a plastic strip, and then the interface is sealed with plastic wrap.

[0067] Detection:

[0068] Select grafting scion, rootstock and grafting method according to Table 1 below:

[0069] Table 1

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] The zoning experiment was carried out according to the grafted scions, rootstocks and grafting methods in the experimental groups 1-8 in Table 1 above. The rootstocks of each group were grafted in clear weather in mid-May 2021, with 120 scions grafted in each group;

[0073] 1. The survival rate and germination rate (the proportion of germinated scions to surviving scions) of each group of grafted scions were recorded 12d, 15d, 18d, and 20d after grafting. The results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0074] Table 2

[0075]

[0076] It can be seen from Table 2 above that the grafting method of Example 5 can effectively improve the germination rate of plum tree grafting, while further improving the grafting survival rate, shortening the germination time, and improving the overall seedling efficiency.

[0077] 2. Record the healing of the grafting site of each experimental group at 40d, 50d, and 60d (the surviving grafted scions in each experimental group were evenly divided into three groups, and the plastic wrap of one group was removed at 40d, 50d, and 60d, respectively, to observe the healing of the grafting site, and record the number of completely healed grafts in each group at the corresponding time, and record their proportions). The results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0078] Table 3

[0079]

[0080] It can be seen from Table 3 above that the grafting method of Example 5 can effectively improve the healing effect of the grafted site, shorten the healing time, and improve the efficiency of grafting seedling cultivation as a whole.

[0081] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0082] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising, characterized in that: The method for rapid seedling raising of plum grafting comprises the following steps: (1) Rootstock selection: Choose peach tree as the rootstock and cultivate it by sowing and seedling raising; (2) Seed pretreatment: Collect high-quality plums, remove the pulp, select the seeds, soak the seeds in 2% salt water, rinse with ice water, dry them, and perform stratification treatment; (3) Plum bud collection: The seeds treated with the above stratification shall be managed in the usual way after sowing, and after the seedlings emerge and grow, they shall be collected by winter pruning and grafted buds shall be stored in a cold place with sand; (4) Grafting scion treatment: After the above-mentioned storage, the grafting scion is taken out and 2-3 buds on the upper end are retained. After being soaked in cold water for 10 hours, the lower end of the grafting scion is soaked in hot water, and then the branches at the lower end are taken out and cut off, and the length of the upper branch is retained to be 8-10 cm, and the bottom of the grafting scion is cut into a double-sided wedge shape, and a through hole is set on the wedge surface; the method of soaking the lower end of the grafting scion in hot water is to immerse 2-3 cm of the lower end of the grafting scion in 80-90°C hot water for 1-2 minutes and then take it out; (5) Grafting: Select the main trunk of the rootstock seedling at a height of 5-6 cm from the ground and use scissors to cut it flush with the plane, and split a small hole in the center of the main trunk plane. Insert the bottom of the above-mentioned grafting scion into the small hole at the double-sided wedge-shaped part, and spray the nutrient solution on the grafting scion and the rootstock grafting point, then use a plastic strip to fix the grafting scion, and then use plastic wrap to seal the interface; (6) Management: After the grafting wound has healed, remove the plastic wrap and plastic strips. After the grafting is successful, only one high-quality bud should be retained. After the grafting, the roots of the rootstock should be replenished with water and fertilized in time.

2. A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing and seedling raising method of the rootstock comprises the following steps: S2-1, soaking the peach seeds after storage in cold water and warm water respectively, and then soaking the seeds in 15% gibberellin at room temperature for 8-10 hours; S2-2, placing the soaked peach seeds in a greenhouse, burying them in sand to accelerate germination, the burial depth is 35-40 cm, the humidity of the sandy soil is maintained at 20-30%, and the temperature is maintained at 22-25°C, and the burial is for 12-16 days; S2-3, taking out the buried seeds and sowing them in the field, sowing them at a spacing of 25cm-30cm and a depth of 5cm-7cm, and then covering them with plastic film; S2-4. After the seedlings emerge, remove the plastic film in time, remove weeds and apply fertilizer. When the seedlings grow to a height of more than 30 cm, graft them.

3. A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of circulating soaking in cold water and warm water in step S2-1 is to first soak in cold water at 3-5°C for 20-30 minutes, then soak in warm water at 40-45°C for 30-40 minutes, and repeat the cold water and warm water soaking method 2-3 times.

4. A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stratification treatment in step (2) is as follows: mix the seeds and sand in a ratio of 1:4, spray clean water until the sand is moist enough to be squeezed into a ball, stretch out your hand to loosen it, and then put the whole into a storage box and place it in a storage ditch, and cover the top of the storage box with a wooden board, and then cover it with a layer of 8 cm of soil. The treatment time is 40-55 days.

5. A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising according to claim 4, characterized in that: The storage ditch is 55-60 cm deep and 80-85 cm wide.

6. A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the length of the grafted scions collected is 12-15 cm, and the temperature of the sandy soil refrigeration is below 0°C.

7. A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-sided wedge cut at the bottom of the grafted scion in step (4) has a length of 2-3 cm, and the small opening in the center of the rootstock in step (5) has a depth of 1.5-2.5 cm.

8. A method for rapid grafting and raising plum seedlings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The through holes on the wedge-shaped surface of the grafting scion are located within 1.5 cm from the bottom, and the diameter of the small holes is 0.8-1 mm, and the number of the small holes is 1-2.

9. A method for rapid plum grafting seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contents of the substances in the nutrient solution in step (5) are: sucrose 4 g / L, potassium nitrate 600 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 120 mg / L, and niacin 0.5 mg / L.

Images