Compound feed for improving growth performance and meat quality of taihe black-bone hens and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a compound feed for improving growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens and application thereof. The feed is composed of the following raw materials in proportion by weight: 40.931% of corn, 16.598% of 43% soybean meal, 4% of expanded soybean, 5% of rice chaff, 30% of broken rice, 1.35% of fine stone powder, 1% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35% of sodium chloride, 0.05% of L-lysine phosphate, 0.106% of DL-methionine, 0.015% of enzyme preparation and 0.6% of premix; the crude protein content is 15%, and the energy is 3000 Kcal / kg. The formula can meet the requirements of protein and energy of Taihe black-bone chickens at the age of 90-150 days, and has the nutritional characteristics of low crude protein content, balanced essential amino acid ratio and high energy level. Taihe black-bone chickens at the age of 90-150 days are fed by using the feed formula, so that the daily weight gain of the Taihe black-bone chickens can be remarkably increased, the feed conversion ratio can be reduced, the comprehensive use cost of feed raw materials is reduced, the slaughter rate is improved, the meat quality is improved, the meat is more fresh and tender, and the shelf life is longer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a compound feed for improving the slaughtering performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Taihe black-bone chickens are a kind of Jiangxi local excellent chicken breed with the functions of meat and egg production, medicine and ornamental, but the Taihe black-bone chickens are slow to be slaughtered, generally more than 100 days, have more rich flavor substances deposited, and are mostly consumed as high-grade poultry meat.

[0003] Further, at present, only the DB36 / T 666-2018 'Taihe Black-bone Chicken Production Technical Regulations' stipulates the feed nutritional needs of Taihe black-bone chickens at various stages, and most of the data are still referred to slow-type yellow-feathered broilers when the feed formula of the Taihe black-bone chickens is prepared, and the feed used in production has the problems of low feed conversion rate and high breeding cost, thereby limiting the development of the Taihe black-bone chicken industry.

[0004] Energy is the first demand for maintaining the life of the body, and protein is the material carrier of life activities, and the two do not act alone in the body of poultry, but there is a complex internal relationship, and if the protein demand of the body is not considered and only the improvement of the metabolic energy level of the diet is pursued, the body will appear negative nitrogen balance, and the energy utilization rate is reduced, and similarly, if only the protein supply is improved, the body metabolism will be disturbed, and the energy utilization rate is also reduced. Therefore, the growth performance and meat quality of the Taihe black-bone chickens can be improved by changing the metabolic energy and crude protein levels in the diet.

[0005] At present, there is no compound feed that can improve the growth performance and muscle quality of the Taihe black-bone chickens, and therefore the application has important significance for the development of the related industry. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a compound feed for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens and application thereof, and a 90-150 day old Taihe black-bone chicken diet formula, which can effectively reduce the feed conversion rate and save the feed cost.

[0007] The technical scheme of the present application mainly includes the following contents:

[0008] The present application provides a feed formula, which comprises the following raw material components in a weight ratio: 17.931-40.931% of corn, 16.598-18.398% of 43% soybean meal, 4% of puffed soybean, 5-18.1% of rice bran, 30% of broken rice, 1.35% of fine stone powder, 1% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35% of sodium chloride, 0-9.4% of carrier zeolite powder, 0.05% of L-lysine phosphate, 0.106% of DL-methionine and 0.015% of enzyme preparation and 0.6% of premix.

[0009] Preferably, its composition includes the following raw materials in weight ratio: corn 40.931%, 43% soybean meal 16.598%, puffed soybean 4%, rice bran 5%, broken rice 30%, fine stone powder 1.35%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, sodium chloride 0.35%, carrier zeolite powder 0%, L-lysine phosphate 0.05%, DL-methionine 0.106%, enzyme preparation 0.015%, and premix 0.6%. Its crude protein content is 15%, and the metabolic energy is 3000 Kcal / kg, which can reduce the feed weight ratio of 90-150 day old Taihe black-bone chickens, improve the growth performance, improve the muscle quality, and prolong the shelf life.

[0010] The application provides a preparation method of a compound feed, which comprises the following steps:

[0011] The raw materials are respectively crushed by a crusher; small raw materials including fine stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, L-lysine phosphate, DL-methionine, enzyme preparation and premix are accurately weighed according to a feed formula, and are mixed uniformly after each kind of raw material is weighed; large raw materials including corn, 43% soybean meal, puffed soybean, carrier zeolite powder and the like are weighed; then the raw materials are mixed uniformly by using a stirrer, and the compound feed is obtained.

[0012] Further, in the above method, the selection standard of the raw materials is clean, non-polluted and non-moldy. According to the specific embodiment of the application, the mixing mode is stirring, and the feed is in the form of powder.

[0013] The application provides application of the compound feed for improving the growth performance and meat quality of 90-150 day old Taihe black-bone chickens.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The formula of the application has the nutritional characteristics of low crude protein content, balanced essential amino acid ratio and high energy level; feeding 90-150 day old Taihe black-bone chickens with the feed formula can significantly increase the daily weight gain of the Taihe black-bone chickens, reduce the feed weight ratio, reduce the comprehensive use cost of feed raw materials, improve the slaughter rate, improve the meat quality, make the muscle more tender, and prolong the shelf life.

[0016] The preparation process of the compound feed is simple, and is suitable for large-scale production. Specific embodiments

[0017] In order to make the present application more clearly understood, the present application will be further described below in conjunction with the preferred embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific description below is illustrative rather than limiting and should not be used to limit the scope of the present application. The preparation methods in the present application are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the raw materials used are commercially available or prepared according to the prior art unless otherwise specified. The specific sources of the raw materials used are as follows: The feed raw materials used in the present application are provided by Jian Aonong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] Example 1 refers to the "Taihe Black-bone Silky Fowl Production Technical Regulations" to design the energy and protein levels, which are used as controls. The compound feed is prepared according to the weight ratio of the raw materials in Table 1. Clean, non-polluted, and non-molded corn, 43% soybean meal, expanded soybean, rice bran, broken rice, fine stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, carrier zeolite powder, L-lysine phosphate, DL-methionine, enzyme preparation, and premix are selected. The above raw materials are respectively pulverized by a pulverizer to pass through a 20-mesh sieve. The small raw materials and large raw materials are added to a stirrer in proportion, and after stirring for 10 min, the compound feed is obtained.

[0020] Examples 2-5

[0021] The main difference between Example 1 and Examples 2-5 is that the energy and protein levels of the compound feed are changed by adjusting the weight ratio of the feed raw materials, and the other conditions and operation methods are the same as those of Example 1.

[0022] Example 6

[0023] Example 6 is the feed currently used for Taihe Black-bone Silky Fowl production on the market, which is used as a control.

[0024] Table 1 Weight ratio of raw materials for compound feed in Examples 1-6 (%) and nutritional indicators

[0025]

[0026] Application test of Taihe Black-bone Silky Fowl at 90-150 days old

[0027] The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different metabolic energy and crude protein levels on the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe Black-bone Silky Fowl at 90-150 days of age. A total of 600 Taihe Black-bone Silky Fowl hens of the same batch and similar body weight (about 720 g) at 90 days of age were selected and divided into 15% protein levels, different energy levels (2625 Kcal / kg, 2700 Kcal / kg, 2850 Kcal / kg, and 3000 Kcal / kg), and 3000 Kcal / kg metabolic energy levels and different protein levels (15%, 16%, and 17%), with 5 replicates of 20 chickens each. The feeding standard referred to the Jiangxi Provincial Standard "Taihe Black-bone Silky Fowl Commercial Chicken Production Technical Regulations". The experimental period was 60 days, and the chickens were allowed to freely eat and drink during the experimental period to ensure sufficient feed.

[0028] Index determination:

[0029] Growth performance determination: The initial weight at 90 days of age (12 h fasting) and the final weight at 150 days of age (12 h fasting) were recorded in units of experimental replicates, and the feed intake during the experimental period was recorded. The average daily feed intake (ADFI, g / d), average daily gain (ADG, g / d), and feed conversion ratio (F / G) were calculated.

[0030] At the end of the experimental period, 2 chickens were randomly selected from each group for slaughter after a 12 h fasting period.

[0031] Slaughter performance determination: Slaughter rate, half net rate, whole net rate, leg muscle rate, and breast muscle rate (refer to NY / T 823-2020 Poultry Production Performance Nomenclature, Terminology, and Measurement Calculation Method for specific operations).

[0032] Meat quality index: Left breast muscle and leg muscle samples were taken for meat quality index determination.

[0033] pH value determination: According to NY / T 1333, the pH values of breast muscle and leg muscle were determined 45 min after slaughter. High pH can prolong the shelf life.

[0034] Drip loss and cooking loss: Refer to NY / T 1333.

[0035] Shear force: Refer to NY / T 1180. The muscle tenderness instrument was used to determine the shear force of the breast muscle. The greater the shear force value, the smaller the muscle tenderness.

[0036]

[0037] Statistical analysis:

[0038] The experimental data were processed using Excel 2013, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The Duncan method was used to process the significance of differences between groups.

[0039] Results and analysis ​

[0040] Effects of different energy and protein levels on the growth performance of Taihe Silkie chickens aged 90-150 days

[0041] As shown in Table 2, compared with Example 1, Examples 2, 3, and 4 significantly reduced the average daily feed intake of Taihe Black-boned Chicken; compared with Example 6, Examples 4 and 5 had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake of Taihe Black-boned Chicken; compared with Example 1, Examples 3 and 4 significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio of Taihe Black-boned Chicken; compared with Example 6, Examples 4 and 5 had no significant effect on the feed conversion ratio of Taihe Black-boned Chicken. Therefore, Example 4 is more effective than Example 1 and can achieve the same effect as Example 6, improving the growth performance of Taihe Black-boned Chicken, reducing the feed conversion ratio, and thus reducing feed costs.

[0042] Table 2 compares the effects of different energy and protein levels on the growth performance of 90-150 day old Taihe Silkie chickens in Examples 1-6 of this invention.

[0043]

[0044] Different lowercase letters in the same column's shoulder labels indicate significant differences. P <0.05), the same letter indicates no significant difference ( P >0.05). Same as the table below.

[0045] Effects of different energy and protein levels on slaughter performance of 90-150 day old Taihe Silkie chickens

[0046] As shown in Table 3, compared with Example 1, Examples 3 and 4 significantly improved the slaughter rate of Taihe Black-boned Chicken; compared with Example 6, Example 4 significantly improved the slaughter rate of Taihe Black-boned Chicken; compared with Example 6, Example 4 significantly improved the leg muscle rate of Taihe Black-boned Chicken; therefore, Example 4 is better than Examples 1 and 6, and significantly improves the slaughter rate of Taihe Black-boned Chicken.

[0047] Table 3 compares the effects of different energy and protein levels on the slaughter performance of 90-150 day old Taihe black-bone chickens in Examples 1-6 of this invention.

[0048]

[0049] Effects of different energy and protein levels on leg muscle quality of 90-150 day old Taihe black-boned chickens

[0050] As shown in Table 4, compared with Examples 1 and 6, Example 3 significantly increased the drip loss of Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle; compared with Examples 1 and 6, Example 4 significantly reduced the cooking loss of Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle; compared with Example 1, Example 4 significantly reduced the shear force of Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle and improved the tenderness of the leg muscle; compared with Example 6, Examples 4 and 5 had no significant effect on the shear force of Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle; compared with Example 1, Examples 2 and 4 significantly increased the 45-minute pH value of Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle, which could extend the shelf life of Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle; compared with Example 6, Examples 4 and 5 had no significant effect on the 45-minute pH value of Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle. Therefore, Example 4 is more effective than Example 1 and can achieve the same effect as Example 6, improving meat quality, making Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle more tender, and extending its shelf life.

[0051] Table 4 compares the effects of different energy and protein levels on the leg meat quality of 90-150 day old Taihe black-boned chickens in Examples 1-6 of this invention.

[0052] Effects of different energy and protein levels on the quality of breast muscle in 90-150 day old Taihe black-boned chickens

[0053]

[0054] As shown in Table 5, compared with Example 1, Example 2 significantly increased the drip loss of Taihe black-boned chicken breast muscle; compared with Example 6, Example 5 significantly increased the drip loss of Taihe black-boned chicken breast muscle; compared with Example 1, Example 4 significantly reduced the cooking loss of Taihe black-boned chicken breast muscle, and the effect was comparable to that of Example 6; compared with Example 1, Examples 2, 3, and 4 significantly increased the shear force of Taihe black-boned chicken breast muscle; compared with Example 6, Examples 4 and 5 significantly reduced the shear force of Taihe black-boned chicken breast muscle and improved the tenderness of Taihe black-boned chicken breast muscle; compared with Examples 1 and 6, Example 4 significantly increased the pH value of Taihe black-boned chicken leg muscle at 45 min, which can extend the shelf life of Taihe black-boned chicken breast muscle; therefore, Example 4 is better than Examples 1 and 6 and can extend the shelf life of Taihe black-boned chicken breast muscle.

[0055] Table 5 compares the effects of different energy and protein levels on the quality of breast meat of 90-150 day old Taihe black-boned chickens in Examples 1-6 of the present invention.

[0056]

[0057] in conclusion

[0058] In summary, Example 4 (crude protein content 15%, metabolizable energy 3000 Kcal / kg) can achieve the same effect as Example 6, and reduces feed costs; compared with Example 1, Example 4 can improve slaughter rate and meat quality.

[0059] For those skilled in the art, various corresponding modifications can be made based on the above technical solutions and concepts, and all such modifications should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chicken, characterized in that, The feed is composed of the following ingredients in the indicated weight ratios: 40.931% corn, 16.598% soybean meal (43%), 4% extruded soybeans, 5% rice bran, 30% broken rice, 1.35% fine limestone powder, 1% dicalcium phosphate, 0.35% sodium chloride, 0.05% L-lysine phosphate, 0.106% DL-methionine, 0.015% enzyme preparation, and 0.6% premix; wherein the crude protein content is 15% and the energy is 3000 kcal / kg. The enzyme preparation comprises the following components: xylanase, β-glucanase, β-mannanase, cellulase, amylase, and protease, with corn starch as the carrier; wherein the xylanase activity is ≥22000 U / g, the β-glucanase activity is ≥3000 U / g, the β-mannanase activity is ≥350 U / g, the cellulase activity is ≥300 U / g, the amylase activity is ≥3200 U / g, the protease activity is ≥2500 U / g, and the moisture content is ≤12%; The premix consists of the following components in the indicated weight ratios: 41.67% multivitamins, 41.67% minerals, and 16.66% choline chloride.

2. The application of a compound feed according to claim 1 for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chicken, characterized in that, The feed is used for feeding Taihe black-bone chickens aged 90-150 days; it increases the daily weight gain of Taihe black-bone chickens, reduces the feed conversion ratio, and lowers feeding costs; at the same time, it increases the slaughter rate, improves meat quality, makes the meat more tender, and extends the shelf life.

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