A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, relates to a cultivation method of kiwifruit, and particularly refers to a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa, which includes S1: building a cultivation rack; S2: planting Actinidia deliciosa plants; S3: performing shaping operations on the planted Actinidia deliciosa plants. Compared with the commonly used flat shed racks and low hedge racks for cultivating kiwifruit in the prior art, the present invention combines the advantages of the flat shed rack and the hedge wall rack, makes full use of the land space and light and heat resources in the orchard, can greatly increase the yield of Actinidia deliciosa, and through the innovative pruning methods of the cross-shaped shaping method or the flat shaping method, the branches and vines can cover the rack surface in 3-4 years, and theoretically the yield can be doubled, and the full fruit period can be advanced by 1-2 years.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa. Background Art

[0002] In the cultivation of Actinidia deliciosa, pergola and "T" - shaped trellis are commonly used. The pergola is the most commonly used trellis at present, suitable for plots with a slope of less than 10° and flat land (Zhong Caihong, Chen Meiyan, Twelve - month Fine Management of Kiwifruit Production [M], 2020: 20). The advantages of the pergola are that the trellis surface is flat, the structure is stable, the wind resistance is good, the lighting is uniform, and the fruit consistency is good. However, its construction cost is high, the shaping time is long, the management is difficult, and it generally takes 4 - 5 years to take shape, with a late start of production, and the ventilation condition is not very ideal after the trellis is formed.

[0003] The "T" - shaped trellis is recommended for use in hilly or mountainous areas with a relatively large slope. This trellis is similar to the pergola, but does not connect the whole piece of kiwifruit. It has a low construction cost, flexible erection, good ventilation and light transmission, early fruiting and high yield, and the fruit yield and quality are not lower than those of the pergola (An Miao, Wang Hairong, Zhang Kunpeng, etc., Common Trellises for Kiwifruit and Key Points of Cultivation Techniques [J], Deciduous Fruits, 2020, 52(03): 57 - 59). The disadvantages of the "T" - shaped trellis are that the trellis surface is uneven, the wind resistance is weak, it is easy to collapse, and the fruit quality is inconsistent.

[0004] Both of the above - mentioned trellis types have problems such as large difficulty in tree - shaped operations, cumbersome shaping and pruning, low yield, and low high - quality fruit rate. In orchards with better management using pergola and "T" - shaped trellises, the average yield per mu during the full - fruit period is about 3000 kg, which is relatively low and seriously affects the overall efficiency of the orchard.

[0005] In addition, with the continuous increase in global attention to the ecological environment, it is difficult for the existing planting methods to quickly increase the average yield per mu of Actinidia deliciosa in a short time.

[0006] Therefore, how to transform the planting trellis of Actinidia deliciosa and how to quickly increase the yield of Actinidia deliciosa on limited land and improve the overall efficiency of the orchard are problems that need to be urgently solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the above - mentioned background art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa, which solves the problems of low yield per mu and long full - fruit period in the cultivation of Actinidia deliciosa in existing orchards.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:

[0009] A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1: Build a cultivation trellis

[0011] The cultivation rack includes columns arranged at an interval of 6 m and a row spacing of 3 m. Nine layers of main vine wires are arranged between adjacent columns distributed parallel to the row direction, with a spacing of 0.4 m between adjacent main vine wires. The minimum distance between the main vine wire and the ground is 0.6 m, and the maximum distance is 3.8 m. A cross tube is fixed between adjacent columns distributed perpendicular to the row direction, and the cross tube is located above the ninth layer of main vine wire. U-shaped frames are fixed on the columns and the cross tubes on both sides thereof. Openings corresponding to the main vine wires are provided on both side rods of the U-shaped frame, and fruiting wires are arranged between the corresponding openings of adjacent U-shaped frames distributed parallel to the row direction;

[0012] S2: Plant kiwifruit plants

[0013] Adopt a plant spacing of 2 m × 3 m, and plant 3 plants between adjacent columns distributed parallel to the row direction, with 112 plants per mu;

[0014] S3: Perform shaping operations on the planted kiwifruit plants

[0015] Select plump buds on the scion above the grafting joint and cut the scion short at 1 cm - 3 cm above the bud of the cut. After the plump bud germinates, retain a strong new shoot, and timely bind it to make it grow rapidly upward for cultivation as the future main trunk. When the new shoot used as the main trunk grows above the first layer of wire, horizontally bind the new shoot on one side below the first layer of main vine wire or cross-bind the divided buds after dividing the new shoot, and then use the arch of the main vine to promote the germination of the base buds to cultivate the second layer of main vine, and cultivate the main vine layer by layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the shaping operation is a cross-shaped shaping method, and the cross-shaped shaping method includes the following steps:

[0017] S3.1: Cultivate the main trunk

[0018] Select 2 - 4 plump buds on the scion above the grafting joint and cut the scion short at 1 cm - 3 cm above the bud of the cut. After the plump bud germinates and the tender shoot grows to 14 cm - 16 cm, retain a strong new shoot, and timely bind it to make it grow rapidly upward for cultivation as the future main trunk;

[0019] S3.2: Cultivate the first layer of main vine

[0020] When the new shoot used as the main trunk grows 18 cm - 22 cm above the first layer of main vine wire, pinch the tip at 1 cm - 3 cm above the plump bud 18 cm - 22 cm below the first layer of main vine wire to promote the germination of 2 - 3 buds below the cut. Select two strong buds as new shoots and horizontally bind them to each other on the first layer of main vine wire for cultivation as the main vine of the first layer;

[0021] S3.3: Cultivate the Nth (2 ≤ N ≤ 9) layer of main vine

[0022] Use the arcuate parts of the two main vines on the (N - 1)th layer to promote basal budding. From the arcuate buds of the two main vines on the (N - 1)th layer, select one strong new shoot each and cultivate it until it reaches the main vine wire drawing on the Nth layer. Horizontally tie the two new shoots to the main vine wire drawing on the Nth layer in a crosswise manner and cultivate them as the main vines on the Nth layer;

[0023] S3.4: Repeat step S3.3 until the cultivation of the main vines on the 9th layer is completed;

[0024] S3.5: Cultivate the fruiting mother vines

[0025] When the main vines of two adjacent kiwifruit plants cross, pinch the tips of the main vines. If new shoots grow from the main vines, keep 1 new shoot every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side as the fruiting mother vines for the next year;

[0026] S3.6: When the new shoots used as fruiting mother vines grow to 45 cm - 55 cm, horizontally tie the new shoots to the fruiting wires on both sides, pinch or tip the shoots at 38 cm - 42 cm, and remove or cut short the lateral shoots that sprout from the shoots after pinching or tipping. Finally, cultivate 1 fruiting mother vine every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side of each layer of main vines.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S3.2, after pinching the shoot at 1 cm - 3 cm above the plump buds 18 cm - 22 cm below the first - layer main vine wire drawing, if the tree vigor is weak, only 1 bud may germinate. After this bud germinates, horizontally tie it as one - side main vine to the first - layer main vine wire drawing, with its base in an arcuate shape. Use the apical dominance to promote the germination of new buds at the arcuate angle, and horizontally tie the germinated new buds as the other - side main vine to the first - layer main vine wire drawing. Then, follow step S3.3 and subsequent operations.

[0028] Furthermore, the shaping operation is a flat - laying shaping method, and the flat - laying shaping method includes the following steps:

[0029] S3.1: Cultivate the trunk

[0030] Select 2 - 4 plump buds on the scion above the grafting joint and cut the scion short at 1 cm - 3 cm above the bud to be retained. After the plump buds germinate and the tender shoots grow to 14 cm - 16 cm, keep one strong new shoot and timely tie it to make it grow upward rapidly as the trunk for future cultivation;

[0031] S3.2: Cultivate the first - layer main vines

[0032] When the new shoot cultivated as the trunk grows 55 cm - 65 cm higher than the first - layer main vine wire drawing, tie it obliquely upward. When it grows to 1 m - 2 m, tie it horizontally to one side of the first - layer main vine wire drawing to cultivate the first - layer main vines;

[0033] S3.3: Cultivate the main vines of the Nth layer (2 ≤ N ≤ 9).

[0034] Utilize the arched back of the main vines of the (N - 1)th layer to promote basal budding. Select a strong new shoot from the buds. When the new shoot grows 1 m - 2 m higher than the wire of the Nth layer main vine, horizontally tie and cultivate the main vine of the Nth layer on the wire of the Nth layer main vine in the direction away from the extension direction of the main vine of the (N - 1)th layer.

[0035] S3.4: Repeat step S3.3 until the cultivation of the main vines of the 9th layer is completed.

[0036] S3.5: Cultivate the fruiting mother vines

[0037] When the main vine grows to the position of the adjacent plant's main trunk, pinch the tip. If new shoots grow from the main vine, keep 1 new shoot every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side for cultivation as the fruiting mother vine for the next year.

[0038] S3.6: When the new shoot used as the fruiting mother vine grows to 45 cm - 55 cm, horizontally tie the new shoot to the fruiting wires on both sides, and pinch or nip the tip at 38 cm - 42 cm. Also, remove or cut short the secondary shoots that sprout from the new shoot after pinching or nipping the tip. Finally, cultivate 1 fruiting mother vine every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side of each layer of the main vine.

[0039] Furthermore, in step S1, the upright posts are set on the ground through cement column bases, and the cement column bases are buried underground. The upright posts are made of galvanized round steel pipes with a diameter of 4 cm - 5 cm or galvanized square steel pipes of 4 cm × 6 cm. The upright posts are inserted into the cement column bases and the height protruding above the ground is 4.5 m.

[0040] Furthermore, the horizontal pipes are made of square steel of 4 cm × 4 cm.

[0041] Furthermore, the U-shaped frames are made of galvanized rectangular steel of 2 cm × 4 cm. The two side rods of the U-shaped frames are symmetrically arranged on the corresponding upright posts with respect to the upright posts. The U-shaped frames are 0.5 m - 0.55 m from the ground, and the width of the U-shaped frames is 0.8 m - 0.9 m.

[0042] Furthermore, in step S1, a longitudinal pipe Ⅰ is fixed at the top of adjacent upright posts in the parallel row direction by welding or using clip clamps. A longitudinal pipe Ⅱ is fixed at the middle of the horizontal pipes between adjacent upright posts distributed perpendicular to the row direction by welding or using clip clamps. Bow-shaped pipes are fixed by welding at the intersection of the upright posts and the longitudinal pipe Ⅰ and at the two intersections of the horizontal pipes and the adjacent longitudinal pipe Ⅱ. A sunshade net is covered on the bow-shaped pipes.

[0043] Furthermore, both the longitudinal pipe Ⅰ and the longitudinal pipe Ⅱ are made of rectangular steel of 2 cm × 4 cm or square steel of 4 cm × 4 cm.

[0044] Further, the bow-shaped pipe is made of an arcuate round pipe, an arcuate plastic-steel bar or a ridge-shaped galvanized steel wire.

[0045] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: by arranging 9 layers of wire drawing between the columns, the advantages of both the flat trellis and the hedge trellis are combined, making full use of the land space and light and heat resources in the orchard, which can greatly increase the yield of Actinidia deliciosa. Moreover, through the innovative pruning methods of the cross-shaped shaping method or the flat shaping method, the branches and vines can cover the trellis surface in 3-4 years. In theory, the yield can be doubled, and the full-fruit period can be advanced by 1-2 years. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the cultivation rack in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a schematic overall shaping view of Actinidia deliciosa in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-shaped shaping view of Actinidia deliciosa;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic flat-laying shaping view of Actinidia deliciosa;

[0051] Figure 5 It is a schematic overall structure view of the cultivation rack in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 It is an actual application diagram of the cross-shaped shaping method;

[0053] Figure 7 It is an actual application diagram of the flat shaping method;

[0054] Figure 8 It is an actual diagram of the production of the mother vines on the fruiting wire drawing.

[0055] In the figure, 1. Column; 2. Cement column base; 3. Horizontal pipe; 4. U-shaped frame; 5. Vertical pipe I; 6. Vertical pipe II; 7. Bow-shaped pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0056] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] Embodiment 1:

[0058] As Figure 1-3 and Figure 5 shown, a method for increasing the yield of delicious kiwifruit cultivation includes the following steps:

[0059] S1: Build a cultivation rack

[0060] The cultivation rack includes columns 1 arranged at intervals of 6 m and row spacing of 3 m. Specifically, the columns 1 are arranged on the ground through cement column bases 2. The cement column bases 2 are concrete column bodies with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 70 cm. The cement column bases 2 are buried underground, and their top surfaces are flush with the ground.

[0061] The columns 1 are made of galvanized round steel pipes with a diameter of 4 cm. The length of the columns 1 is 5 m. The length of the columns 1 inserted into the cement column bases 2 is 0.5 m, and the length extending out of the cement column bases 2 is 4.5 m.

[0062] Compared with directly inserting the columns 1 on the ground, by setting the cement column bases 2, since the density and mass of the cement column bases 2 are relatively large, inserting the columns 1 on the cement column bases 2 can enhance the anti-tipping ability of the columns 1, and further improve the stability of the columns 1, making the built cultivation rack more stable and with stronger bearing capacity.

[0063] On the other hand, in this embodiment, steel pipes slightly thinner than the columns 1 can be prefabricated on the cement column bases 2 in advance, and then the columns 1 are inserted on the prefabricated steel pipes, holes are drilled at appropriate positions, and the columns 1 are fixedly connected to the prefabricated steel pipes with screws, which can also improve the anti-tipping ability of the columns 1 and the stability of the cultivation rack.

[0064] It should be noted that in the present invention, when the plot is relatively large (the row length exceeds 30 m), the columns 1 located at the four peripheral edges of the plot need to be reinforced with diagonal braces or guy wires to further improve the stability of the cultivation rack.

[0065] After the cultivation rack is built, main vine wires are horizontally arranged between adjacent columns 1 distributed parallel to the row direction, and all the main vine wires on both sides of the columns 1 are fixed with fastening clips to make the main vine wires not loose between the columns 1.

[0066] The main vine wires are arranged in 9 layers, and the distance between adjacent main vine wires is 0.4 m. The 9 layers of main vine wires are respectively 0.6 m, 1.0 m, 1.4 m, 1.8 m, 2.2 m, 2.6 m, 3.0 m, 3.4 m, and 3.8 m from the ground. When the row length exceeds 30 m, a wire tightener is used to tighten it and fixed on the side column 1 to complete the construction of the wires between the columns 1 on the cultivation rack.

[0067] Between adjacent columns 1 distributed perpendicular to the row direction, a cross tube 3 is welded or fixed using a clip. The cross tube 3 is made of square steel with a size of 4 cm × 4 cm, and the cross tube 3 is located above the 9th layer of main vine wires. In this embodiment, the distance between the cross tube 3 and the ground is set to 3.85 m. The cross tube 3 runs through the whole garden, stabilizing the shape of the cultivation rack and strengthening the stability of the cultivation rack.

[0068] A U-shaped frame 4 is welded and fixed on the column 1 and the cross tubes 3 on both sides of it. The U-shaped frame 4 is made of galvanized rectangular steel with a size of 2 cm × 4 cm. The two side rods of the U-shaped frame 4 are symmetrically arranged about the column 1 on the corresponding column 1. The distance between the U-shaped frame 4 and the ground is 0.5 m, and the width of the U-shaped frame 4 is 0.8 m.

[0069] Openings corresponding to the main vine wires are provided on both side rods of the U-shaped frame 4, and the openings and the main vine wires are on the same horizontal plane. Between adjacent U-shaped frames 4 distributed parallel to the row direction, hanging fruit wires are arranged between the openings corresponding to the two U-shaped frames 4 on the same horizontal plane. Hanging fruit wires are provided on both sides of each main vine wire, and the two hanging fruit wires are symmetric about the corresponding main vine wire.

[0070] Both the main vine wires and the hanging fruit wires are made of 12-gauge galvanized steel wire with a thickness of 2.6 mm.

[0071] The U-shaped frame 4 can strengthen the overall structure of the cultivation rack in this embodiment, thereby improving the overall stability of the cultivation rack. The main vine wires and the hanging fruit wires are more convenient for subsequent main vine cultivation and the cultivation of fruiting mother vines.

[0072] S2: Plant kiwifruit plants

[0073] With a plant spacing of 2 m × 3 m, 3 plants are planted between adjacent columns 1 distributed parallel to the row direction, and 112 plants are planted per mu.

[0074] S3: Perform shaping operations on the planted kiwifruit plants

[0075] Select plump buds on the scion above the graft union and cut the scion short at 2 cm above the budding shoot. After the plump buds germinate, retain one robust new shoot, timely tie it up to make it grow rapidly upwards, and cultivate it as the future main trunk. When the new shoot serving as the main trunk grows to be higher than the first layer of wire drawing, horizontally tie the new shoot on one side below the wire drawing of the first layer of main vines or cross-tie the split buds of the new shoot after splitting, and then use the arch of the main vine to promote the germination of buds at the base to cultivate the second layer of main vines, and cultivate the main vines layer by layer.

[0076] Specifically, the shaping operation is a cross-shaped shaping method, and the cross-shaped shaping method includes the following steps:

[0077] S3.1: Cultivate the main trunk

[0078] Select 2 plump buds on the scion above the graft union and cut the scion short at 2 cm above the budding shoot. After the plump buds germinate and the tender shoots grow to 15 cm, retain one robust new shoot, timely tie it up to make it grow rapidly upwards, and cultivate it as the future main trunk;

[0079] S3.2: Cultivate the first layer of main vines

[0080] When the new shoot serving as the main trunk grows to be 20 cm higher than the wire drawing of the first layer of main vines, pinch the tip at 2 cm above the plump bud 20 cm below the wire drawing of the first layer of main vines to promote the germination of 2 - 3 buds under the cut. Select two robust buds as new shoots and horizontally tie them to each other on the wire drawing of the first layer of main vines for cultivation as the main vines of the first layer;

[0081] S3.3: Cultivate the Nth (2 ≤ N ≤ 9) layer of main vines

[0082] Use the arches of the two main vines of the (N - 1)th layer to promote the germination of buds at the base. From the buds germinated from the arches of the two main vines of the (N - 1)th layer, select one robust new shoot for each and cultivate it to the wire drawing of the Nth layer of main vines, and horizontally tie the two new shoots to each other on the wire drawing of the Nth layer of main vines for cultivation as the main vines of the Nth layer;

[0083] S3.4: Repeat step S3.3 until the cultivation of the 9th layer of main vines is completed;

[0084] When repeating step S3.3, each time it is repeated, N increases by 1 until the cultivation of the 9th layer of main vines is completed;

[0085] S3.5: Cultivate the fruiting mother vines

[0086] When the main vines of adjacent two kiwifruit plants cross, pinch the tips of the main vines. If new shoots grow from the main vines, retain 1 new shoot every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side for cultivation as the fruiting mother vines for the next year;

[0087] S3.6: When the new shoot serving as the mother vine for fruiting grows to 50 cm, horizontally tie the new shoot to the fruiting wires on both sides, pinch or top the shoot at 40 cm, and remove or cut short the lateral shoots that sprout from the new shoot after pinching or topping. Finally, cultivate one mother vine for fruiting every 30 - 40 cm on the same side of each layer of the main vine.

[0088] The fruiting wires are used to tie the mother vines for fruiting, making the distribution of the mother vines for fruiting more uniform, and can avoid the drooping of the branches and vines, reduce the friction damage between the fruits and the leaves, and is beneficial to the improvement of the yield.

[0089] As can be seen from steps S3.5 and S3.6, since one mother vine for fruiting is cultivated every 30 - 40 cm on the same side of each layer of the main vine, and the distance between adjacent columns 1 distributed parallel to the row direction is 6 m, therefore, the number of mother vines for fruiting on the same side of the wire of each layer of the main vine is about 15 - 20, the total number of mother vines for fruiting on both sides of the wire of each layer of the main vine is about 30 - 40, the number of mother vines for fruiting cultivated on the wire of each layer of the main vine of each kiwifruit plant is about 10 - 13.3, and a total of about 90 - 120 for 9 layers.

[0090] Each mother vine for fruiting retains 10 - 12 fruits, with a single fruit weight of 80 g - 100 g. The total load of each mother vine for fruiting is about 1 kg. Calculated based on the minimum of 10 mother vines for fruiting per layer of each kiwifruit plant between adjacent columns 1, the fruit yield per layer of each kiwifruit plant is 1 kg × 10 = 10 kg, and the total yield of each kiwifruit plant is 10 kg × 9 = 90 kg. Calculated based on all female plants being planted, the yield per mu is 111 × 90 = 9990 kg. Calculated according to the 80% fruiting coefficient of the trellis surface, the yield per mu is 9990 kg × 80% = 7992 kg. After deducting the yield of male plants (configured according to the ratio of 5:1 of female and male plants), the theoretical yield = 7992 × 5 / 6 = 6660 kg, which is twice that of the high - yield period of Actinidia deliciosa with better management in China, which is 3000 kg per mu. By improving the soil and strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, while doubling the yield, the dry matter content of the fruits is not reduced, thus achieving the goals of saving land resources and returning forestland to farmland.

[0091] Example 2:

[0092] This example is basically the same as Example 1, except that in this example, the column 1 is a galvanized round steel pipe with a diameter of 5 cm, the length of the column 1 is 5 m, the length inserted into the cement column base 2 is 0.5 m, and the length extending out of the cement column base 2 is 4.5 m.

[0093] In addition, in this example, the distance between the U - shaped frame 4 and the ground is 0.55 m. Setting the distance between the U - shaped frame 4 and the ground to 0.55 m ensures that the openings formed on the side rods on both sides of the U - shaped frame 4 can correspond to the wires on the column 1.

[0094] Example 3:

[0095] This example is basically the same as Example 1 or Example 2. The difference is that in this example, the column 1 is made of a galvanized round steel pipe with a diameter of 4.5 cm, the length of the column 1 is 5 m, the length of the column 1 inserted into the cement column base 2 is 0.5 m, and the length extending out of the cement column base 2 is 4.5 m.

[0096] In addition, in this example, the distance between the U-shaped frame 4 and the ground is 0.5 m, ensuring that the openings provided on the side rods on both sides of the U-shaped frame 4 can correspond to the wire drawing on the column 1.

[0097] Example 4:

[0098] This example is basically the same as any one of Examples 1 - 3. The difference is that in this example, the column 1 is made of a galvanized square steel pipe of 4 cm × 6 cm, the length of the column 1 is 5 m, the length of the column 1 inserted into the cement column base 2 is 0.5 m, and the length extending out of the cement column base 2 is 4.5 m.

[0099] In addition, in this example, the distance between the U-shaped frame 4 and the ground is 0.5 m, ensuring that the openings provided on the side rods on both sides of the U-shaped frame 4 can correspond to the wire drawing on the column 1.

[0100] Example 5:

[0101] This example is a further supplement based on any one of Examples 1 - 4.

[0102] In this example, when performing step S3.2, after pinching at 2 cm above the plump bud 20 cm below the first-layer main vine wire drawing, if the tree vigor is weak, only 1 bud may germinate. After this bud germinates, cultivate this bud and horizontally bind it as one side's main vine on the first-layer main vine wire drawing.

[0103] The base of the vine horizontally bound on the first-layer main vine wire drawing is in an arched shape. Utilize the apical dominance to promote the germination of new buds at the arch angle. Cultivate the germinated new buds and horizontally bind them as the other side's main vine on the first-layer main vine wire drawing, finally completing the cultivation of the main vines on both sides of the first-layer main vine wire drawing.

[0104] After the cultivation of the main vines on the first-layer main vine wire drawing is completed, just perform the operations according to step S3.3 and the subsequent operations, finally completing the cultivation of the main vines on the 9-layer main vine wire drawing of the entire cultivation rack.

[0105] Example 6:

[0106] This embodiment is generally the same as any one of Embodiments 1-4. The difference lies in that the shaping operation in this embodiment is significantly different from the cross-shaped shaping method listed in Embodiment 1.

[0107] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, in this embodiment, the shaping operation is a flat-laying shaping method, and the flat-laying shaping method includes the following steps:

[0108] S3.1: Cultivate the main trunk

[0109] Select 2-4 plump buds on the scion above the grafting joint and cut the scion short at 2 cm above the budding shoot. When the tender shoots grow to 15 cm after the plump buds germinate, retain one strong new shoot and promptly bind it to grow upward rapidly as the main trunk for future cultivation;

[0110] S3.2: Cultivate the first layer of main vines

[0111] When the new shoot cultivated as the main trunk grows 60 cm higher than the wire drawing of the first layer of main vines, bind it obliquely upward. When it grows to 1 m - 2 m, bind it horizontally to the side of the wire drawing of the first layer of main vines to cultivate the first layer of main vines;

[0112] S3.3: Cultivate the Nth layer (2 ≤ N ≤ 9) of main vines

[0113] Utilize the arch of the (N - 1)th layer of main vines to promote basal budding. Select one strong new shoot from the buds. When the new shoot grows 1 m - 2 m higher than the wire drawing of the Nth layer of main vines, bind it horizontally on the wire drawing of the Nth layer of main vines in the direction away from the extension of the (N - 1)th layer of main vines to cultivate the Nth layer of main vines;

[0114] S3.4: Repeat Step S3.3 until the cultivation of the 9th layer of main vines is completed;

[0115] In Step S3.4, each time Step S3.3 is repeated, N increases by 1 until the cultivation of the 9th layer of main vines is completed;

[0116] S3.5: Cultivate the fruiting mother vines

[0117] When the main vine grows to the position of the main trunk of the adjacent plant, pinch the tip. If new shoots grow on the main vine, according to the growth potential of the variety and the size of the leaves, retain 1 new shoot every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side for cultivation as the fruiting mother vines for the next year;

[0118] S3.6: When the new shoot serving as the mother bearing vine grows to 50 cm, horizontally tie the new shoot to the fruiting wires on both sides, pinch or tip the shoot at 40 cm, and remove or cut short the lateral shoots that germinate from the new shoot after pinching or tipping. Finally, cultivate 1 mother bearing vine every 30 - 40 cm on the same side of each layer of main vines.

[0119] The fruiting wires are used to tie the mother bearing vines, making the distribution of the mother bearing vines more uniform, and can avoid the drooping of the branches and vines, reduce the friction damage between the fruits and the leaves, and is beneficial to the improvement of the yield.

[0120] In this embodiment, as can be seen from steps S3.5 and S3.6, since 1 mother bearing vine is cultivated every 30 - 40 cm on the same side of each layer of main vines, and the distance between adjacent columns 1 distributed perpendicular to the row direction is 6 m, therefore, the number of mother bearing vines on the same side of the fruiting wires of each layer of main vines is about 15 - 20, the total number of mother bearing vines on both sides of the fruiting wires of each layer of main vines is about 30 - 40, the number of mother bearing vines cultivated on the fruiting wires of each layer of main vines for each kiwifruit plant is about 10 - 13.3, and a total of about 90 - 120 for 9 layers.

[0121] Each mother bearing vine bears 10 - 12 fruits, with a single fruit weight of 80 g - 100 g. The total load of each mother bearing vine is about 1 kg. Calculated based on the minimum of 10 mother bearing vines per layer for each kiwifruit plant between adjacent columns 1, the fruit yield per layer for each kiwifruit plant is 1 kg × 10 = 10 kg, and the total yield per kiwifruit plant is 10 kg × 9 = 90 kg. Calculated based on all female plants planted, the yield per mu is 111 × 90 = 9990 kg. Calculated according to the 80% fruiting coefficient of the trellis surface, the yield per mu is 9990 kg × 80% = 7992 kg. After deducting the yield of male plants (configured according to the ratio of 5:1 for female and male plants), the theoretical yield = 7992 × 5 / 6 = 6660 kg, which is twice the yield per mu of 3000 kg of Actinidia deliciosa in the full - fruiting period with better management in China. By improving the soil and strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, while doubling the yield, the dry matter content of the fruits is not reduced, thus achieving the goals of saving land resources and returning forest land to farmland.

[0122] Example 7:

[0123] This embodiment is a further improvement based on any one of Embodiments 1 - 6.

[0124] The difference from any one of Embodiments 1 - 6 is that, as Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown in the figure, at the top of adjacent vertical columns 1 in the parallel row direction, a longitudinal pipe I 5 is fixed by welding or using a clamp. In the middle of the cross pipe 3 between adjacent vertical columns 1 distributed perpendicular to the row direction, a longitudinal pipe II 6 is fixed by welding or using a clamp. Both the longitudinal pipe I 5 and the longitudinal pipe II 6 are made of rectangular steel with a size of 2 cm × 4 cm. The longitudinal pipe I 5, the longitudinal pipe II 6 and the cross pipe 3 cooperate with each other, further improving the structural strength of the cultivation rack and enhancing the bearing capacity of the cultivation rack.

[0125] Furthermore, at the intersection of the vertical column 1 and the longitudinal pipe I 5 and at the two intersections of the cross pipe 3 and the adjacent longitudinal pipe II 6, an arch pipe 7 is fixed by welding. The arch pipe 7 is an arched plastic steel bar (solid). There are multiple arch pipes 7, and the multiple arch pipes 7 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the longitudinal pipe. The interval between adjacent arched plastic steel bars (solid) is 1.5 m.

[0126] The arch pipe 7 can further strengthen the connection relationship between the longitudinal pipe I 5 and the longitudinal pipe II 6, and further make the overall structure of the cultivation rack more solid.

[0127] A sunshade net is covered on the arch pipe 7. The sunshade net uses a sunshade net with a light transmittance of about 70%, excellent quality and a service life of more than 3 years. The sunshade net is fixed on the arch pipe 7 by using a press film wire, or a rolling film rod is installed on both sides of the sunshade net for convenient retraction. Since kiwifruit is afraid of high temperature and strong light, the sunshade net can reduce the orchard temperature, weaken the strong light irradiation and ensure the normal development of kiwifruit.

[0128] Example 8:

[0129] This example is basically the same as Example 7, except that in this example, both the longitudinal pipe I 5 and the longitudinal pipe II 6 are made of square steel with a size of 4 cm × 4 cm, and the arch pipe 7 is an arched round pipe (6 - inch pipe). The interval between adjacent arched round pipes (6 - inch pipes) is 2.0 m.

[0130] Similar to Example 7, the longitudinal pipe I 5 and the longitudinal pipe II 6 can strengthen the frame structure of the cultivation rack. The arch pipe 7 can further strengthen the structural strength of the cultivation rack. The sunshade net covered on the arch pipe 7 can reduce the orchard temperature, weaken the strong light irradiation and ensure the normal development of kiwifruit.

[0131] Example 9:

[0132] This example is basically the same as Example 8, except that in this example, both the longitudinal pipe I 5 and the longitudinal pipe II 6 are made of rectangular steel with a size of 2 cm × 4 cm, and the arch pipe 7 is a ridge - shaped galvanized steel wire (No. 8). The interval between adjacent ridge - shaped galvanized steel wires (No. 8) is 1.25 m.

[0133] Similar to Example 8, the vertical pipe Ⅰ5 and the vertical pipe Ⅱ6 can strengthen the frame structure of the cultivation rack, and the bow-shaped pipe 7 can further enhance the structural strength of the cultivation rack. The sunshade net covering the bow-shaped pipe 7 can reduce the orchard temperature and weaken the strong light irradiation, ensuring the normal development of kiwifruit.

[0134] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Set up a cultivation rack The cultivation rack includes columns (1) arranged at an interval of 6 m and a row spacing of 3 m. Nine layers of main vine wires are arranged between adjacent columns (1) distributed parallel to the row direction, and the distance between adjacent main vine wires is 0.4 m. The minimum distance between the main vine wire and the ground is 0.6 m, and the maximum distance is 3.8 m. A cross tube (3) is fixed between adjacent columns (1) distributed perpendicular to the row direction. The cross tube (3) is located above the ninth layer of main vine wires. A U-shaped frame (4) is fixed on the column (1) and the cross tube (3) on both sides thereof. Openings corresponding to the main vine wires are provided on both side rods of the U-shaped frame (4), and fruiting wires are arranged between the corresponding openings between adjacent U-shaped frames (4) distributed parallel to the row direction; S2: Plant kiwifruit plants With a plant spacing of 2 m × 3 m, 3 plants are planted between adjacent columns (1) distributed parallel to the row direction, and 112 plants are planted per mu; S3: Perform shaping operations on the planted kiwifruit plants Select plump buds on the scion above the grafting joint and cut the scion short at 1 cm - 3 cm above the cut bud. After the plump bud germinates, retain a strong new shoot, and timely bind it to make it grow rapidly upward for cultivation as the future main trunk. When the new shoot used as the main trunk grows above the first layer of wire, divide the new shoot into buds and perform crosswise horizontal binding on the divided buds, and then use the arch of the main vine to promote the germination of the base buds to cultivate the second layer of main vines, and cultivate the main vines layer by layer; The shaping operation is a cross-shaped shaping method, and the cross-shaped shaping method includes the following steps: S3.1: Cultivate the main trunk Select 2 - 4 plump buds on the scion above the grafting joint and cut the scion short at 1 cm - 3 cm above the cut bud. After the plump bud germinates and the tender shoot grows to 14 cm - 16 cm, retain a strong new shoot and timely bind it to make it grow rapidly upward for cultivation as the future main trunk; S3.2: Cultivate the first layer of main vines When the new shoot used as the main trunk grows 18 cm - 22 cm above the first layer of main vine wires, pinch the tip at 1 cm - 3 cm above the plump bud 18 cm - 22 cm below the first layer of main vine wires to promote the germination of 2 - 3 buds under the cut. Select two strong buds as new shoots and crosswise horizontally bind them to the first layer of main vine wires for cultivation as the first layer of main vines; S3.3: Cultivate the Nth (2 ≤ N ≤ 9) layer of main vines Use the arches of the two main vines of the (N - 1)th layer to promote the germination of the base buds. From the arch buds of the two main vines of the (N - 1)th layer, select one strong new shoot each to cultivate to the Nth layer of main vine wires, and crosswise horizontally bind the two new shoots to the Nth layer of main vine wires for cultivation as the Nth layer of main vines; S3.4: Repeat step S3.3 until the cultivation of the ninth layer of main vines is completed; S3.5: Cultivate the fruiting mother vines When the main vines of adjacent two kiwifruit plants cross, pinch the tips of the main vines. If new shoots grow on the main vines, retain 1 new shoot every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side for cultivation as the fruiting mother vines for the next year; S3.6: When the shoot of the new main vine grows to 45 cm - 55 cm as a result, horizontally tie the shoot to the fruiting wires on both sides, and pinch or tip the shoot at 38 cm - 42 cm, and remove or cut short the secondary shoots that germinate again on the shoot after pinching or tipping. Finally, cultivate 1 main vine for fruiting every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side of each layer of the main vine.

2. The method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3.2, after pinching at 1 cm - 3 cm above the plump buds 18 cm - 22 cm below the first-layer main vine wire, if the tree vigor is weak, only 1 bud may germinate. After this bud germinates, horizontally tie it to the first-layer main vine wire as one side of the main vine, with its base in an arch shape, and use the apical dominance to promote the germination of new buds at the arch angle. Then horizontally tie the germinated new bud to the first-layer main vine wire as the other side of the main vine, and then follow the operations of step S3.3 and the subsequent steps.

3. The method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaping operation can also be a flat laying shaping method, and the flat laying shaping method includes the following steps: S3.1: Cultivate the trunk Select 2 - 4 plump buds on the scion above the grafting joint and cut the scion short at 1 cm - 3 cm above the cutting bud. After the plump buds germinate and the tender shoots grow to 14 cm - 16 cm, retain one strong shoot and timely tie it to make it grow upward rapidly to cultivate it as the future trunk. S3.2: Cultivate the first-layer main vine When the shoot cultivated as the trunk grows to 55 cm - 65 cm higher than the first-layer main vine wire, tie it obliquely upward. When it grows to 1 m - 2 m, tie it horizontally to one side of the first-layer main vine wire to cultivate the first-layer main vine. S3.3: Cultivate the Nth layer (2 ≤ N ≤ 9) of the main vine Utilize the arch back of the (N - 1)th layer of the main vine to promote the germination of buds at the base, select one strong shoot from the germinated buds. When the shoot grows to 1 m - 2 m higher than the Nth layer of the main vine wire, horizontally tie it to the Nth layer of the main vine wire on the side far from the extension direction of the (N - 1)th layer of the main vine to cultivate the Nth layer of the main vine. S3.4: Repeat step S3.3 until the cultivation of the 9th layer of the main vine is completed. S3.5: Cultivate the main vine for fruiting When the main vine grows to the position of the trunk of the adjacent plant, tip it. If new shoots grow on the main vine, retain 1 new shoot every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side to cultivate it as the main vine for fruiting in the coming year. S3.6: When the shoot of the new main vine grows to 45 cm - 55 cm as a result, horizontally tie the shoot to the fruiting wires on both sides, and pinch or tip the shoot at 38 cm - 42 cm, and remove or cut short the secondary shoots that germinate again on the shoot after pinching or tipping. Finally, cultivate 1 main vine for fruiting every 30 cm - 40 cm on the same side of each layer of the main vine.

4. The method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the upright post (1) is set on the ground through the cement post base (2), and the cement post base (2) is buried underground. The upright post (1) is made of a galvanized round steel pipe with a diameter of 4 cm - 5 cm or a galvanized square steel pipe of 4 cm × 6 cm. The upright post (1) is inserted into the cement post base (2) and the height protruding from the ground is 4.5 m.

5. The method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross pipe (3) is made of a square steel of 4 cm × 4 cm.

6. The method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa according to claim 5, characterized in that: The U-shaped frame (4) is made of galvanized rectangular steel with a size of 2 cm × 4 cm. The two side bars of the U-shaped frame (4) are symmetrically arranged on the corresponding columns (1) with respect to the column (1). The U-shaped frame (4) is 0.5 m - 0.55 m above the ground, and the width of the U-shaped frame (4) is 0.8 - 0.9 m.

7. The method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa according to any one of claims 1-3, 5 and 6, characterized in that: In step S1, a longitudinal pipe I (5) is fixed at the top of adjacent columns (1) parallel to the row direction, a longitudinal pipe II (6) is fixed in the middle of the cross pipe (3) between adjacent columns (1) distributed perpendicular to the row direction, and bow-shaped pipes (7) are fixed at the intersection of the column (1) and the longitudinal pipe I (5) and at the two intersections of the cross pipe (3) and the adjacent longitudinal pipe II (6). A sunshade net is covered on the bow-shaped pipes (7).

8. The method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both the longitudinal pipe I (5) and the longitudinal pipe II (6) are made of rectangular steel with a size of 2 cm × 4 cm or square steel with a size of 4 cm × 4 cm.

9. The method for increasing the yield of Actinidia deliciosa according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bow-shaped pipe (7) is made of an arched round pipe, an arched plastic steel strip or a ridge-shaped galvanized steel wire.

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