A crop cultivation substrate, its production method, and its application using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials, comprising the following steps: (1) dissolving and diluting 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to obtain a solution; (2) mixing sugarcane slurry, sugarcane pith, the 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, fermentation agent, and improver, adjusting the moisture content, and then composting and fermenting. The compost is turned over every few days and continuously composted and fermented for several days to obtain the crop cultivation substrate. The crop cultivation substrate produced by this invention is of excellent quality, allowing direct planting of plants without root burn. Therefore, this invention, using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials to prepare and produce crop cultivation substrate, can effectively solve the problem of comprehensive utilization of sugarcane filter mud and improve product sales.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cultivation substrate production technology, specifically relating to a crop cultivation substrate, method and application produced using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials. Background Technology

[0002] Guangxi, as a major sugarcane producing area, plays a pivotal role in the high-quality development of my country's sugar industry. In the sulfite process of sugar production, in addition to extracting sugar juice during sugarcane pressing, a huge amount of sugar factory waste is also generated during the refining of the sugar juice, with sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith being among the most significant wastes.

[0003] Sugarcane filter mud refers to the solid waste produced during the sulfite process of white sugar production. In this process, organic substances such as proteins, organic acids, calcium phosphate, and pectin in the sugar juice affect sugar crystallization. The sugar juice is clarified by adding lime and sulfur dioxide as auxiliaries during the clarification and neutralization process to decolorize the juice and produce CaSO3 precipitate to remove impurities.

[0004] Sugarcane bagasse, left after sugarcane is extracted, is mainly used for papermaking and wood-based panels, but it contains a large amount of pith (medullary cells). Pith is the central part of the sugarcane stalk, composed of thin-walled cells that store nutrients. The cells in pith are nearly round, lacking a fibrous structure (length-to-width ratio greater than 100), and are easily broken. Therefore, it cannot be used as a papermaking raw material and would have a very negative impact on papermaking. For example, during pulping, multiple washing and screening processes are required, and pith cells easily clog the sieve holes. If the pith cells remain on the paper surface, they can easily detach, causing paper defects such as lint and dust, affecting printing quality. Therefore, in the process of using bagasse for papermaking or wood-based panels, the pith must be screened out; pith accounts for about 30% of the bagasse. The pith is mainly used for boiler incineration or power generation, resulting in significant resource waste.

[0005] Sugarcane filter mud and pith have long been a source of pollution from sugar production waste in Guangxi sugar factories, severely impacting the green and high-quality development of Guangxi's sugar industry. Transforming sugarcane filter mud and pith into high-value-added organic fertilizer can solve this long-standing problem, improve the comprehensive utilization of waste, promote green agricultural development, support the development of the entire sugar industry chain in Guangxi, and vigorously advance rural revitalization.

[0006] However, according to the national agricultural standard "Organic Fertilizer" (NY / T 525-2021), raw materials for organic fertilizer production should adhere to the basic principles of "safety, hygiene, stability, and effectiveness." If the raw materials selected are food and beverage processing organic waste (distillers' grains, soy sauce lees, vinegar lees, monosodium glutamate lees, fermented bean paste lees, yeast lees, potato lees, corn residue, sugar residue, fruit residue, edible fungus residue, etc.) listed in Appendix B, a safety assessment must be conducted and passed before they can be used in organic fertilizer production. Sugarcane filter mud is organic waste from food sugar processing and belongs to the organic fertilizer assessment category. Therefore, a safety assessment is required to produce organic fertilizer that meets the standard requirements from sugarcane filter mud.

[0007] The requirements of the "Organic Fertilizer" standard (NY / T 525-2021) include a technical indicator called the seed germination index (GI). The seed germination index (GI) is an important indicator reflecting the degree of fermentation and decomposition of organic fertilizer; the higher the GI, the more mature the fermentation. Due to the high calcium and sulfur content in sugarcane filter mud (typically around 8% dry matter), achieving a very high seed germination index is difficult. In recent years, organic fertilizer products made from sugarcane filter mud have had low market acceptance, mainly due to their low GI and poor fertilizer efficiency. Under normal circumstances, organic fertilizer made from sugarcane filter mud fermented for about 60 days has a seed germination index of approximately 30-50%.

[0008] Cultivation substrates are high-end organic fertilizers, requiring a higher seed germination index (GI) and greater safety than conventional organic fertilizers. They also offer long-lasting fertilization effects, allowing crops to be planted directly on them without burning seedlings. Using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as primary raw materials to prepare crop cultivation substrates can effectively address the comprehensive utilization of sugarcane filter mud and increase product sales. Therefore, researching a method for producing crop cultivation substrates using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as primary raw materials is crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides a method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials, in order to solve problems such as how to improve seed germination index.

[0010] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Dissolve and dilute 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to prepare a solution of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid.

[0013] (2) By weight, mix 40-60 parts of sugarcane mud, 30-50 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.001-0.003 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.01-0.1 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.2-0.4 parts of improver. After adjusting the moisture content, compost and ferment. Turn the pile over every 1-2 days and continue composting and fermenting for more than 60 days to obtain the crop cultivation substrate.

[0014] Further, the mass concentration of the 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution in step (1) is 20-30%.

[0015] Further, in step (2), the raw materials, in parts by weight, include: 50 parts of sugarcane pulp, 45 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.002 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.05 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.3 parts of improver.

[0016] Furthermore, the fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 12-20 parts yeast, 0.8-1.5 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.1-0.3 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 1-4 parts scabra, 0.3-0.6 parts potassium bacteria, 2-5 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1-2 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.4-0.7 parts phosphorus bacteria.

[0017] Furthermore, the fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 17 parts yeast, 1.2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 3.5 parts scabra, 0.5 parts potassium bacteria, 4 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1.5 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.5 parts phosphorus bacteria.

[0018] Furthermore, the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation agent is ≥10 billion / g.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (2), the moisture content is adjusted to 50-70% before composting and fermentation.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (2), the composting fermentation continues for more than 60 days until the moisture content drops below 40%.

[0021] The present invention also provides a crop cultivation substrate, wherein organic matter ≥30%, seed germination index ≥90%, total porosity ≥40%, and bulk density 0.3-0.5 g / cm³. 3 .

[0022] The present invention also provides an application of a crop cultivation substrate for promoting and rapidly measuring the seed germination index, comprising the following steps: (1) germinating seeds using a crop cultivation substrate; (2) measuring the seed germination index using a device for rapidly measuring the seed germination index, thereby promoting and rapidly measuring the seed germination index.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) Sugarcane paste is fine and sticky with poor air permeability, which is not conducive to root growth. On the other hand, sugarcane pith contains a lot of fiber, making the material loose and breathable, but it is low in nitrogen nutrients and has an unbalanced carbon-nitrogen ratio. Fermenting sugarcane paste and sugarcane pith together can effectively solve the problems of material air permeability and the balance of carbon-nitrogen ratio during fermentation, thereby increasing the total porosity of the crop cultivation substrate and providing a porous and loose structure for plant root growth.

[0025] (2) Sugarcane mud contains a large amount of calcium and sulfur, which can inhibit the growth of roots of plants such as radishes and affect the germination index. 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid has the function of detoxifying the roots of plants such as radishes. When added to the crop cultivation substrate, it can relieve the effect of excessive calcium and sulfur on root growth, thereby making sugarcane mud and 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid have a synergistic effect and synergistically improve the seed germination index.

[0026] (3) The fermentation agent of the present invention contains a variety of bacteria, including yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chrysophyte, scabra, potassium bacteria, Scutellaria baicalensis, nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus bacteria. The functions of the various bacteria can be combined with each other. The effective number of live bacteria in the fermentation agent is ≥10 billion / g, which makes the fermentation more complete, and makes the crop cultivation substrate more nutritious, thereby promoting the growth and development of crops.

[0027] (4) Among the modifiers used in this invention, sodium polyaspartate can improve the water holding capacity and porosity of the soil for planting autumn and winter radishes, and enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water; starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate can be used as a slow-release carrier material for crop cultivation substrates, and when used in combination with sodium polyaspartate, it can improve the absorption rate of nutrients in the crop cultivation substrate; calcium carboxymethyl cellulose can improve the loose structure environment of the soil for planting autumn and winter radishes. In addition, it can promote the disintegration of the crop cultivation substrate, promote the absorption of nutrients by autumn and winter radishes, and promote their development. Therefore, the combined use of sodium polyaspartate, starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, and calcium carboxymethyl cellulose synergistically increased the yield per acre of autumn and winter radishes. The use of multiple enzymes, including cellulase, lipase, and chitinase, facilitates the full enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane pulp and pith by leveraging the multiple functions of the complex enzymes. Trichoderma harzianum can improve soil structure and its secondary metabolites can inhibit the growth, reproduction, and infection of pathogenic microorganisms, induce enhanced disease resistance in crops, and increase seed germination rate, root and seedling length, and crop vigor.

[0028] (5) This invention can not only improve the seed germination index, but also quickly measure the seed germination index.

[0029] (6) The crop cultivation substrate produced by this invention using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials has an organic matter content of ≥30%, a seed germination index of ≥90%, a total porosity of ≥40%, and a bulk density of 0.3-0.5 g / cm³. 3 This demonstrates that the crop cultivation substrate produced by this invention is of excellent quality. Furthermore, plants can be directly planted on the substrate without burning the roots. Therefore, this invention uses sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials to prepare and produce crop cultivation substrate, which can effectively solve the problem of comprehensive utilization of sugarcane filter mud and improve product sales. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device for rapidly measuring seed germination index according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the processing box in this invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the weighing mechanism in this invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drying mechanism in this invention;

[0034] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described with reference to specific embodiments.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Dissolve and dilute 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to a mass concentration of 20-30% to obtain a solution of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid;

[0038] (2) By weight, mix 40-60 parts of sugarcane mud, 30-50 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.001-0.003 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.01-0.1 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.2-0.4 parts of improver. Adjust the moisture content to 50-70% for composting and fermentation. Turn the compost pile over every 1-2 days and continue composting and fermenting for more than 60 days until the moisture content drops below 40% and the material no longer ferments and heats up, thus obtaining the crop cultivation substrate.

[0039] The fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 12-20 parts yeast, 0.8-1.5 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.1-0.3 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 1-4 parts scabra, 0.3-0.6 parts potassium bacteria, 2-5 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1-2 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.4-0.7 parts phosphorus bacteria.

[0040] The fermentation agent contains ≥10 billion viable bacteria per gram.

[0041] The improver, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 6-13 parts of sodium polyaspartate, 5-8 parts of starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, 1.4-3 parts of calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.4-0.8 parts of cellulase, 0.7-1.2 parts of lipase, 0.3-0.5 parts of chitinase, and 1-2 parts of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0042] The following describes a more specific embodiment.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials includes the following steps:

[0045] (1) Dissolve and dilute 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to a mass concentration of 21% to obtain a solution of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid;

[0046] (2) In parts by weight, mix 40 parts of sugarcane slurry, 30 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.001 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.02 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.2 parts of improver. Adjust the moisture content to 52% for composting and fermentation. Turn the compost pile over once every day and continue composting and fermenting for 60 days until the moisture content drops to 39% and the material no longer ferments and heats up, thus obtaining the crop cultivation substrate.

[0047] The fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 13 parts yeast, 0.9 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.1 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 1.2 parts scabra, 0.3 parts potassium bacteria, 2.1 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1 part nitrifying bacteria, and 0.4 parts phosphorus bacteria.

[0048] The effective viable bacteria count in the fermentation agent is 10 billion / g.

[0049] The improver, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 7 parts sodium polyaspartate, 5 parts starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, 1.5 parts calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.4 parts cellulase, 0.7 parts lipase, 0.3 parts chitinase, and 1.1 parts Trichoderma harzianum.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials includes the following steps:

[0052] (1) Dissolve and dilute 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to a mass concentration of 22% to obtain a solution of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid;

[0053] (2) By weight, mix 45 parts of sugarcane slurry, 40 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.001 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.03 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.2 parts of improver, adjust the moisture content to 56% for composting and fermentation, turn the pile over once every day, and continue composting and fermenting for 61 days until the moisture content drops to 40% and the material no longer ferments and heats up, thus obtaining the crop cultivation substrate.

[0054] The fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 14 parts yeast, 1 part Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 2 parts scabra, 0.4 parts potassium bacteria, 3 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1.2 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.5 parts phosphorus bacteria.

[0055] The effective viable bacteria count in the fermentation agent is 11 billion / g.

[0056] The improver, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 7 parts sodium polyaspartate, 6 parts starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, 2 parts calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5 parts cellulase, 0.9 parts lipase, 0.3 parts chitinase, and 1.2 parts Trichoderma harzianum.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials includes the following steps:

[0059] (1) Dissolve and dilute 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to a mass concentration of 26% to prepare a solution of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid;

[0060] (2) By weight, mix 50 parts of sugarcane mud, 45 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.002 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.05 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.3 parts of improver, adjust the moisture content to 62% for composting and fermentation, turn the pile over every 2 days, and continue composting and fermenting for 62 days until the moisture content drops to 38% and the material no longer ferments and heats up, thus obtaining the crop cultivation substrate.

[0061] The fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 17 parts yeast, 1.2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 3.5 parts scabra, 0.5 parts potassium bacteria, 4 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1.5 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.5 parts phosphorus bacteria.

[0062] The effective viable bacteria count in the fermentation agent is 12.3 billion / g.

[0063] The improver, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 10 parts sodium polyaspartate, 6.5 parts starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, 2 parts calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.6 parts cellulase, 1 part lipase, 0.4 parts chitinase, and 1.4 parts Trichoderma harzianum.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] A method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials includes the following steps:

[0066] (1) Dissolve and dilute 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to a mass concentration of 25% to prepare a solution of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid;

[0067] (2) By weight, mix 55 parts of sugarcane mud, 35 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.001-0.003 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.07 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.3 parts of improver. Adjust the moisture content to 60% for composting and fermentation. Turn the compost pile over every 2 days and continue composting and fermenting for 60 days until the moisture content drops to 39% and the material no longer ferments and heats up, thus obtaining the crop cultivation substrate.

[0068] The fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 17 parts yeast, 1.1 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 3.2 parts scabra, 0.5 parts potassium bacteria, 4.2 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1.8 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.6 parts phosphorus bacteria.

[0069] The effective viable bacteria count in the fermentation agent is 10.6 billion / g.

[0070] The improver, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 11 parts sodium polyaspartate, 7 parts starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, 2.5 parts calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.7 parts cellulase, 1 part lipase, 0.4 parts chitinase, and 1.6 parts Trichoderma harzianum.

[0071] Example 5

[0072] A method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials includes the following steps:

[0073] (1) Dissolve and dilute 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to a mass concentration of 27% to obtain a solution of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid;

[0074] (2) By weight, mix 60 parts of sugarcane slurry, 50 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.003 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.08 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.4 parts of improver, adjust the moisture content to 63% for composting and fermentation, turn the pile over every 2 days, and continue composting and fermenting for 62 days until the moisture content drops to 39% and the material no longer ferments and heats up, thus obtaining the crop cultivation substrate.

[0075] The fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 19 parts yeast, 1.3 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.3 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 3.8 parts scabra, 0.6 parts potassium bacteria, 4.8 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 2 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.6 parts phosphorus bacteria.

[0076] The effective viable bacteria count in the fermentation agent is 11.3 billion / g.

[0077] The improver, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 12 parts of sodium polyaspartate, 8 parts of starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, 2.9 parts of calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8 parts of cellulase, 1.1 parts of lipase, 0.5 parts of chitinase, and 2 parts of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0078] Comparative Example 1

[0079] The method is basically the same as that in Example 3, which uses sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials to produce crop cultivation substrate. The only difference is that the raw materials for producing crop cultivation substrate lack sugarcane mud and 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] The method is basically the same as that of Comparative Example 1, which uses sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials to produce crop cultivation substrate. The only difference is that sugarcane pulp is added to the raw materials for producing crop cultivation substrate.

[0082] Comparative Example 3

[0083] The method is basically the same as that of Comparative Example 1, which uses sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials to produce crop cultivation substrate. The only difference is that 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution is added to the raw materials for producing crop cultivation substrate.

[0084] Comparative Example 4

[0085] The method is basically the same as that in Example 3, which uses sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials to produce crop cultivation substrate. The only difference is that the sugarcane pith in the raw materials for producing crop cultivation substrate is 30 parts.

[0086] Comparative Example 5

[0087] The method is basically the same as that in Example 3, which uses sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials to produce crop cultivation substrate. The only difference is that the sugarcane pith in the raw materials for producing crop cultivation substrate is 35 parts.

[0088] Comparative Example 6

[0089] The method is basically the same as that in Example 3, which uses sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials to produce crop cultivation substrate. The only difference is that the sugarcane pith in the raw materials for producing crop cultivation substrate is 40 parts.

[0090] Comparative Example 7

[0091] The method is basically the same as that in Example 3, which uses sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials to produce crop cultivation substrate. The only difference is that the sugarcane pith in the raw materials for producing crop cultivation substrate is 50 parts.

[0092] Comparative Example 8

[0093] The method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials in Example 3 is basically the same. The only difference is that the raw materials of the improver lack sodium polyaspartate, sodium starch-grafted polyacrylate, and calcium carboxymethyl cellulose. The total weight parts of the missing sodium polyaspartate, sodium starch-grafted polyacrylate, and calcium carboxymethyl cellulose are replaced by the same weight parts of purified water, so that the total weight parts of the raw materials for preparing the improver remain unchanged.

[0094] Comparative Example 9

[0095] The method of producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials in Comparative Example 8 is basically the same. The only difference is that sodium polyaspartate is added to the raw materials of the improver, and the total weight parts of the missing starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate and calcium carboxymethyl cellulose are replaced by the same weight parts of purified water, so that the total weight parts of the raw materials for preparing the improver remain unchanged.

[0096] Comparative Example 10

[0097] The method of producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials in Comparative Example 8 is basically the same. The only difference is that starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate is added to the raw materials of the improver, and the total weight parts of the missing sodium polyaspartate and calcium carboxymethyl cellulose are replaced by the same weight parts of purified water, so that the total weight parts of the raw materials for preparing the improver remain unchanged.

[0098] Comparative Example 11

[0099] The method of producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as the main raw materials in Comparative Example 8 is basically the same. The only difference is that calcium carboxymethyl cellulose is added to the raw materials of the improver, and the total weight parts of the missing sodium polyaspartate and starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate are replaced by the same weight parts of purified water, so that the total weight parts of the raw materials for preparing the improver remain unchanged.

[0100] (I) Investigation into the synergistic effect of sugarcane paste and 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid

[0101] Radish seedlings were grown using the crop cultivation substrates produced in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0102] The seeds were germinated, and then the germination index was measured. The measurement was performed according to the test method in Appendix F of the NY / T525-2021 organic fertilizer standard. The results are shown in the table below.

[0103]

[0104] As can be seen from the table above: (1) As can be seen from the seed germination index of Examples 1-5, the seed germination index of radish seeds using the crop cultivation substrate produced by the present invention reaches more than 90.3%, which far exceeds the requirement of ≥80% for seed germination index of organic substrate for greening in GB / T33891-2017 standard, indicating that the crop cultivation substrate produced by the present invention is of excellent quality. In addition, Example 3 of the present invention is the optimal example.

[0105] (2) As can be seen from the seed germination index data of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, sugarcane mud and 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid played a synergistic role in the production crop cultivation substrate, and synergistically improved the seed germination index. This is because: sugarcane mud contains a large amount of calcium and sulfur, which can inhibit the root growth of plants such as radish and affect the germination index. On the other hand, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid has the function of detoxifying the roots of plants such as radish. When added to the crop cultivation substrate, it can relieve the influence of excessive calcium and sulfur on root growth, thereby making sugarcane mud and 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid synergistically improve the seed germination index.

[0106] It should be noted that, in order to quickly measure the seed germination index of the crop cultivation substrate of this invention, a newly developed device is used, such as... Figure 1-5 As shown, the device for rapidly measuring the seed germination index includes a processing box 1 for measuring the seed germination index of crop cultivation substrate, a rotating cover plate 2 on the processing box 1, and a petri dish 7 for holding the germinated seeds. The cover plate 2 is symmetrically provided with handles 6 at both ends for assisting in opening or closing the cover plate 2. The processing box 1 is provided with a scanning mechanism 3, which is used to scan the germinated seeds and transmit image information. The bottom of the processing box 1 is provided with a weighing mechanism 4, which is used to weigh the germinated seeds. The cover plate 2 above the scanning mechanism 3 is provided with a drying mechanism 5, which is used to dry the germinated seeds.

[0107] The scanning mechanism 3 includes a track 31 mounted on the processing box 1. The track 31 moves through a sliding block 32. A bracket 33 is mounted on the sliding block 32. A rotating shaft 34 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 33. The rotating shaft 34 is fixedly mounted through a rubber wheel 35 to drive the rubber wheel 35 to rotate. One end of the sliding block 32 is connected to the side wall of the scanner 36. The track 31 is a U-shaped track. Both ends of the track 31 are fixed to the inner wall of the processing box 1. The end face of the track 31 is circular. The sliding block 32 has a through hole. The diameter of the through hole in the sliding block 32 is larger than the diameter of the track 31. The inner surface of the sliding block 32 is smooth. The bracket 32 ​​has two sets of symmetrically distributed on the sliding block 32. The bracket 32 ​​has a drive assembly for driving the rotating shaft 34 to rotate. The rubber wheel 35 is a rubber wheel that can return to its original shape after compression.

[0108] The weighing mechanism 4 includes a support sleeve 43 located at the bottom of the processing box 1. A sliding column 42 is slidably mounted on the support sleeve 43. The top of the sliding column 42 is connected to a weighing platform 41 for holding the petri dish 7. The bottom of the support sleeve 43 is provided with a weight for identifying the weight of the items on the weighing platform 41. The weighing platform 41 rises and falls at the recess in the middle of the track 31. The weighing platform 41 is made of high-temperature resistant and heat-insulating high-definition glass. The height difference of the weighing platform 41 is less than the distance between the two ends of the track 31. The bottom end of the sliding column 42 moves to contact the weighing sensor 44. The support sleeve 43 is a concave cylindrical structure that slides in conjunction with the sliding column 42. The weighing sensor 44 is a universal weighing sensor.

[0109] The drying mechanism 5 includes a push rod 51 on the cover plate 2. The free end of the push rod 51 is connected to a fixing block 52 for pushing the fixing block 52 to move. The fixing block 52 is fixedly connected to a base plate 53. The base plate 53 is provided with a drying assembly 54 for drying germinating seeds. One end of the fixing block 52 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the base plate 53. The base plate 53 is provided with a heat insulation layer. The drying assembly 54 includes a dryer and a desiccant.

[0110] The method of using this device for rapidly measuring seed germination index includes the following steps:

[0111] S1: After cleaning and spreading the germinated seeds, place them on the petri dish 7, place the petri dish 7 on the weighing platform 41, cover it with the cover plate 2, and scan the germinated seeds in the petri dish 7 using the scanner 36.

[0112] S2: The scanner 36 moves above and below the germinating seeds to scan and recognize the germinating seeds, and transmits the scanning and recognition results to the computer for analysis. The computer calculates and analyzes the root length and germination rate of the germinating seeds.

[0113] S3: While step S2 is being performed, the petri dish 7 is placed on the weighing platform 41, and the germinating seeds are weighed by the pressure sensor 44. After stabilization, the pressure sensor 44 transmits the weighing value to the computer for storage.

[0114] S4: After steps S2 and S3 are completed, turn on the dryer on the drying assembly 54, raise the temperature to 100~105℃, dry to constant weight, and after stabilization, the pressure sensor 44 transmits the weighing value to the computer for storage, and calculates the moisture content of the germinated seeds based on the data from steps S3 and S4.

[0115] Working principle: After cleaning and spreading the germinated seeds, place them on a petri dish 7. Place the petri dish 7 on a weighing platform 41. Drive the rotating shaft 34 to rotate, which in turn drives the rubber wheel 35 to rotate. The rubber wheel 35 rotates and contacts the track 31. Through static friction, it pushes the sliding block 32 to slide on the track 31. The sliding block 32 causes the scanner 36 to move accordingly. The scanner 36 moves to scan the germinated seeds above and below, providing a more comprehensive image and avoiding the need to flip the germinated seeds. The scanner 36 scans the germinated seeds in the petri dish 7, moving above and below them to perform image recognition processing. The results are transmitted to a computer for analysis. The computer calculates and analyzes the root length and germination rate of the germinated seeds. At the same time, the petri dish 7 is placed on the weighing platform 41. The weighing platform 41 is pushed down by gravity, and the support column 42 presses down on the pressure sensor 44. The pressure sensor 44 weighs the germinated seeds. After the value stabilizes, the pressure sensor 44 transmits the weighing value to the computer for storage. After the scanning and weighing are completed, the dryer on the drying assembly 54 is turned on, the temperature is raised to 100~105℃, and the seeds are dried to constant weight. After stabilization, the pressure sensor 44 transmits the weighing value to the computer for storage. Based on the data from steps S3 and S4, the moisture content of the germinated seeds is calculated.

[0116] (II) Investigation on the effect of different fermentation ratios of sugarcane pulp and sugarcane pith on total porosity

[0117] The total porosity of the crop cultivation substrates produced in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4-7 was tested, and the results are shown in the table below.

[0118]

[0119] The table above shows that as the ratio of sugarcane pulp and sugarcane pith in the fermentation increases, the total porosity continuously increases. The highest total porosity is achieved when the ratio is 50:45. Further increases in the ratio do not significantly improve the total porosity. This is likely because a 50:45 ratio is optimal for the combined fermentation of sugarcane pulp and sugarcane pith; further increases in the ratio with added sugarcane pith do not significantly improve the total porosity. Sugarcane pulp is fine and sticky, with poor aeration, which is detrimental to root growth. Sugarcane pith, on the other hand, contains a large amount of fiber, making it loose and breathable, but it is low in nitrogen and has an unbalanced carbon-nitrogen ratio. Fermenting it alone is not conducive to the rapid decomposition of the crop cultivation substrate. Fermenting sugarcane pulp and sugarcane pith together effectively solves the problems of material aeration and the coordination of the carbon-nitrogen ratio during fermentation, thereby increasing the total porosity of the crop cultivation substrate and providing a porous and loose structure for plant root growth. Therefore, from the perspective of energy conservation, the optimal fermentation ratio of sugarcane pulp to sugarcane pith is 50:45.

[0120] (III) Investigation on the synergistic effect of sodium polyaspartate, starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, and calcium carboxymethyl cellulose

[0121] Five plots of land with basically the same planning conditions were planted in Long'an County, Nanning, Guangxi. Each plot was 1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) and autumn radishes were planted. The planting conditions were basically the same. The crop cultivation substrates produced in Example 3 and Comparative Example 8-11 were applied to the five plots respectively. After 100 days of planting, the radishes were harvested, and the yield per mu of autumn radishes was counted. The test results are shown in the table below.

[0122]

[0123] As shown in the table above, the data from Example 3 and Comparative Examples 8-11 demonstrate that sodium polyaspartate, starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, and calcium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) exhibit a synergistic effect in the production of crop cultivation substrates, synergistically increasing the yield per acre of autumn and winter radishes. This may be due to the following: sodium polyaspartate can improve the water holding capacity and porosity of the soil used for planting autumn and winter radishes, enhancing the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water; starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate can serve as a slow-release carrier material for crop cultivation substrates, and when used in combination with sodium polyaspartate, it can improve the nutrient absorption rate of the crop cultivation substrate; calcium carboxymethyl cellulose can improve the loose structure of the soil used for planting autumn and winter radishes, and in addition, it can promote the disintegration of the crop cultivation substrate, promoting nutrient absorption and development of autumn and winter radishes. Therefore, the combined use of sodium polyaspartate, starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, and calcium carboxymethyl cellulose synergistically increases the yield per acre of autumn and winter radishes.

[0124] The above content should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of this invention to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of this invention, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered as falling within the patent protection scope defined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing a crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Dissolve and dilute 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid in water to prepare a solution of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid. (2) By weight, mix 40-60 parts of sugarcane mud, 30-50 parts of sugarcane pith, 0.001-0.003 parts of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.01-0.1 parts of fermentation agent, and 0.2-0.4 parts of improver. After adjusting the moisture content, compost and ferment. Turn the pile over every 1-2 days and continue composting and fermenting for more than 60 days to obtain the crop cultivation substrate. In step (2), the raw materials are in parts by weight: 50 parts sugarcane pulp, 45 parts sugarcane pith, 0.002 parts 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution, 0.05 parts fermentation agent, and 0.3 parts improver; The fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 12-20 parts yeast, 0.8-1.5 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.1-0.3 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 1-4 parts Megachiroa, 0.3-0.6 parts potassium bacteria, 2-5 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1-2 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.4-0.7 parts phosphorus bacteria; The improver, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 6-13 parts of sodium polyaspartate, 5-8 parts of starch-grafted sodium polyacrylate, 1.4-3 parts of calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.4-0.8 parts of cellulase, 0.7-1.2 parts of lipase, 0.3-0.5 parts of chitinase, and 1-2 parts of Trichoderma harzianum.

2. The method of producing a crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane mud and pith as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass concentration of the 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid solution in step (1) is 20-30%.

3. The method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation agent, in parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 17 parts yeast, 1.2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum, 3.5 parts scabra, 0.5 parts potassium bacteria, 4 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 1.5 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 0.5 parts phosphorus bacteria.

4. The method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fermentation agent contains ≥10 billion viable bacteria per gram.

5. The method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, After adjusting the moisture content to 50-70% in step (2), compost fermentation is carried out.

6. The method for producing crop cultivation substrate using sugarcane filter mud and sugarcane pith as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the composting fermentation continues for more than 60 days until the moisture content drops below 40%.

7. A crop cultivation substrate produced by the method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Organic matter > 30%, seed germination index > 90%, total porosity > 40%, bulk density 0.3-0.5 g / cm 3 .

8. An application of the crop cultivation substrate according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method is applied to promote and rapidly measure the seed germination index, including the following steps: (1) germinating seeds using a crop cultivation substrate; (2) measuring the seed germination index using a device for rapid measurement of the seed germination index, thereby promoting and rapidly measuring the seed germination index.

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