Urban sidewalk and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an urban sidewalk and a construction method thereof. The urban sidewalk includes, from top to bottom, a sidewalk tile layer, a sand and gravel cushion layer, a capillary barrier layer, a coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer, a fine-grained gravel protective layer, and a sodium silicate protective layer, wherein the sodium silicate protective layer is arranged outside the municipal pipeline. The sidewalk tile includes: an upper brick body, wherein a vertical through hole is arranged at the center of the upper brick body; and a lower brick body, wherein the lower brick body is connected with the upper brick body to form a stepped brick body, and a positioning column matching the through hole of the upper brick body is arranged at the top of the lower brick body. In two adjacent sidewalk tiles of the sidewalk tile layer, the positioning column on the lower brick body of the sidewalk tile on the left side is inserted into the through hole of the upper brick body of the sidewalk tile on the right side. During construction, a pilot pit is excavated first, and after the municipal pipeline is installed in the pilot pit, the above-mentioned urban sidewalk structure is constructed in sequence. The sidewalk has good drainage performance and realizes effective protection of the municipal pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of municipal sidewalk construction and relates to an urban sidewalk and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of economy and the development of technology, new municipal planning and design ideas such as underground integrated pipe corridors are being promoted and popularized in more and more cities. However, in many areas, especially underdeveloped areas such as prefecture-level cities or county-level towns, the construction of municipal pedestrian roads still adopts a very traditional and rough construction method, that is, using sand as a cushion layer, pouring concrete, and finally laying bricks on the surface. This kind of traditional construction method does not fully take into account the actual working conditions of the sidewalk. In the rainy season, especially the rainy season, due to the heavy rainfall and long precipitation time, the rainwater cannot be fully discharged. The sidewalks on both sides of the municipal trunk roads are prone to be filled with rainwater between the floor tiles and between the floor tiles and the lower concrete bearing layer. There are even loose floor tiles and the lower part of the loose floor tiles is filled with rainwater. There is a situation where pedestrians step on the floor tiles and the rainwater gushes out from the brick joints, thereby wetting shoes and socks. At the same time, because the concrete under the floor tiles in this construction method is a rigid structure, when the upper load of the ground is too large or uneven, due to the influence of gravel and sand entering the brick joints, the bricks are prone to breakage, affecting the appearance and causing certain losses.

[0003] As for the arrangement of pipelines, such as cables and drainage pipes, many areas in my country still adopt traditional methods and ideas, that is, these pipelines are buried shallowly on both sides of municipal roads, and fine-grained soil is used for filling. Then a large amount of water is introduced on it, and the filling soil is sealed and reinforced by water lining to achieve the purpose of compacting the surrounding soil. However, in practical applications, this construction method is too rough, cannot give full play to the engineering properties of the material, and it is difficult to achieve the ideal effect. When facing a relatively large upper load, it may still not be able to provide a good protection effect for the lower pipeline. The compaction degree of fine-grained sand is often difficult to reach the ideal state. The existence of gaps between particles makes it still deform when subjected to a large load. At the same time, compared with coarse-grained gravel, fine-grained soil will show more flexibility. These characteristics make it easier for the soil as a whole to deform relatively large when the upper load is large, which drives the municipal pipeline buried therein to deform together and cause damage. However, if coarse-grained gravel is directly used as the surrounding soil, the underground pipeline may be scratched or punctured when subjected to load. If concrete filling is used, it will make the pipeline difficult to maintain in the future, and it is also easy for the concrete joints and the pipeline to shift together and be damaged. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an urban sidewalk and a construction method thereof to solve the problem that the existing sidewalk has insufficient drainage capacity, resulting in water gushing due to upper load during heavy rainfall, and the problem that the lower pipelines of the existing sidewalk are easily broken due to load.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is: an urban sidewalk, comprising:

[0006] A sidewalk tile layer, wherein the sidewalk tile layer is paved with sidewalk tiles;

[0007] The sidewalk floor tiles include:

[0008] An upper brick body, wherein a vertical through hole is arranged at the center of the upper brick body;

[0009] A lower brick body, wherein the top of the lower brick body is connected to the bottom of the upper brick body to form a stepped brick body, and a positioning column matching the through hole of the upper brick body is arranged at the center of the top of the lower brick body;

[0010] In the two adjacent sidewalk tiles of the sidewalk tile layer, the positioning column on the lower brick body of the sidewalk tile on the left is inserted into the through hole of the upper brick body of the sidewalk tile on the right.

[0011] Furthermore, in the two adjacent sidewalk tiles of the sidewalk tile layer, the lower brick body of the sidewalk tile on the left side and the upper brick body of the sidewalk tile on the right side are bonded by cement.

[0012] Furthermore, the urban sidewalk further comprises:

[0013] Gravel cushion layer, which is laid at the bottom of the sidewalk paving brick layer;

[0014] Capillary barrier layer: the capillary barrier layer is laid at the bottom of the sand and gravel cushion layer;

[0015] A coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer, which is laid at the bottom of the capillary barrier layer;

[0016] The fine-grained gravel protective layer is laid at the bottom of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the interface between the capillary barrier layer and the upper gravel cushion layer, i.e., the upper interface, is an upwardly curved surface;

[0018] The interface between the capillary barrier layer and the coarse-grained gravel force-transfer layer below, i.e., the lower interface, is an inclined surface;

[0019] The heights of the upper interface and the lower interface of the capillary barrier layer close to the municipal road are smaller than the heights of the lower interface and the capillary barrier layer away from the municipal road.

[0020] Furthermore, the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer is 0.5-1.7 m;

[0021] The thickness ratio of the fine-grained gravel protection layer to the coarse-grained gravel force-transmitting layer is between 0.7 and 1.3;

[0022] If the local maximum monthly precipitation is less than 300 mm, the thickness of the capillary barrier layer should be 0.5-1.0 m; if the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 300 mm, the thickness of the capillary barrier layer should be considered to be set to 0.8-1.2 m;

[0023] When the local maximum monthly precipitation is less than 300 mm, the laying thickness of the sand and gravel cushion layer is 0.5~1.5m; when the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 300 mm and less than 400 mm, the laying thickness of the sand and gravel cushion layer is 0.8~1.7m; when the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 500 mm, the laying thickness of the sand and gravel cushion layer is 1~2.5m.

[0024] Furthermore, the radius of the curved surface of the upper interface of the capillary barrier layer is set to 15-25 m;

[0025] The lower interface of the capillary barrier layer is an inclined plane with an inclination angle of 5 to 10 degrees.

[0026] Furthermore, the sidewalk floor tile layer is connected to the top of the side of the curb bricks near the municipal road;

[0027] The bottom of the curb brick is embedded in the capillary barrier layer;

[0028] The curb brick is provided with a plurality of inclined rectangular holes on one side close to the gravel cushion layer and on the other side away from the gravel cushion layer. The rectangular holes on the two sides of the curb brick are inclined in opposite directions, and each rectangular hole close to the gravel cushion layer is cross-connected with the adjacent rectangular hole on the side away from the gravel cushion layer to form a water flow channel.

[0029] Furthermore, the fine-grained gravel protection layer, the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer, the capillary barrier layer, the gravel cushion layer and the sidewalk floor tile layer are all arranged in the pilot pit;

[0030] A municipal pipeline is arranged in the center of the bottom of the pilot pit, and the outside of the municipal pipeline is entirely wrapped by a sodium silicate protective layer;

[0031] The fine-grained gravel protective layer is laid outside the sodium silicate protective layer;

[0032] The vertical cross section of the sodium silicate protective layer perpendicular to the pilot pit is a semicircular structure with an opening downward;

[0033] The vertical cross section of the fine-grained gravel protection layer perpendicular to the pilot pit is a semicircular ring structure with an opening facing downward.

[0034] Another technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is: a construction method of an urban sidewalk, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step S1, excavating a pilot pit;

[0036] Step S2, installing a municipal pipeline in the pilot pit;

[0037] Step S3, backfilling the sodium silicate protective layer: after the municipal pipeline is laid, start backfilling the sodium silicate protective layer. When preparing the filler, mix the sodium silicate solution and gravel in a volume ratio of 1:40-50, and backfill in time after mixing;

[0038] Step S4, constructing a fine-grained gravel protective layer: the fine-grained gravel protective layer is backfilled with the gravel used for the sodium silicate protective layer. After the fine-grained gravel protective layer is backfilled to the design elevation, the deformation rates of the municipal pipeline and the fine-grained gravel protective layer should be measured and recorded within 12 to 24 hours. If the deformation rate of the municipal pipeline exceeds 3%, the fine-grained gravel protective layer is removed, and the bearing capacity of the foundation is retested to determine whether there is unfavorable geology;

[0039] Step S5, constructing a coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer: after the fine-grained gravel protective layer is backfilled, and after it is determined that the municipal pipeline has no obvious deformation and the site is stable, the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer is constructed. During construction, gravel is first laid in layers. After each layer of aggregate is laid, a heavy-duty vibrating roller is used for rolling. When rolling, the two sides are first pressed to prevent the stones from moving to the sides, and then the central stone is easily compacted due to the restriction of the compacting stones on both sides; for the overlapping part of two adjacent sections, additional compaction is performed in an area of ​​no less than 2m in width;

[0040] Step S6, constructing a capillary barrier layer: the capillary barrier layer is filled in layers, and the designed inclination angle is maintained during filling. After the last layer is filled, it is necessary to thicken the upper interface within a range of 0.8 to 1.0 m on both sides by 15 to 25 cm, and then compact it according to the designed curved surface;

[0041] Step S7, construction of curb bricks: The curb bricks are prefabricated in the factory. Before construction, the guide grooves for the curb bricks are excavated in sections. After each section of excavation is completed, the curb bricks of this section are placed immediately;

[0042] Step S8, constructing the gravel cushion layer: after the curb bricks are placed stably, the construction of the gravel cushion layer begins. The gravel cushion layer is also laid in layers. The gravel cushion layer is laid with artificial graded gravel of gravel: gravel = 9:5±0.5. After laying, compaction is performed and deformation is recorded within 12-24 hours to ensure that no large deformation occurs;

[0043] Step S9, constructing the sidewalk floor tile layer: the sidewalk floor tile layer uses prefabricated bricks, which are laid in sections. Note that the prefabricated bricks should be bonded with cement. When the last section is not enough to place a whole prefabricated brick, the prefabricated bricks can be cut off;

[0044] Step S10: setting a drain outlet on the outer side of the curb brick according to municipal construction requirements.

[0045] Furthermore, in step S5, the coarse-grained gravel force transmission layer uses gravel with a particle size greater than 4.75 mm, and the density reaches 95% or more;

[0046] The rolling construction process is static pressing 1 time, light vibration 1 time, and heavy pressing 2 to 3 times; after completion, use a level to check the flatness and make sure the elevation difference is within the required range.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0048] 1. The capillary barrier effect of clay soil is introduced, combined with independently designed sidewalk tiles and curb tiles, so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing the drainage performance of the sidewalk, and solve the problem of insufficient drainage capacity of the existing sidewalk, which leads to water gushing due to upper load when rainfall is heavy;

[0049] 2. The load dispersion effect of the interface between coarse-grained gravel and fine-grained sand is used to protect the city's underground pipelines. Sodium silicate is added to the coating area of ​​the underground pipelines to form a load buffer zone, which further enhances the protection capacity of the load buffer zone, achieves effective protection of municipal pipelines, and solves the problem of existing pipelines under sidewalks being easily broken under load. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0051] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of sidewalk tiles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the sidewalk floor tiles after laying according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a curb brick according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the sidewalk structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the curved surface radius of the upper interface of the capillary barrier layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] In the figure, 1. municipal pipeline, 2. sodium silicate protective layer, 3. fine-grained gravel protective layer, 4. coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer, 5. capillary barrier layer, 6. curb bricks, 7. gravel cushion layer, 8. sidewalk floor tile layer, 9. sewer, 10. rectangular hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] This embodiment provides a city sidewalk, such as Figure 4 As shown, including:

[0060] Sidewalk floor tile layer 8, sidewalk floor tile layer 8 consists of Figure 1 The sidewalk shown is paved with bricks;

[0061] The sidewalk floor tiles include:

[0062] An upper brick body, wherein a vertical through hole is arranged at the center of the upper brick body;

[0063] A lower brick body, wherein the top of the lower brick body is connected to the bottom of the upper brick body to form a stepped brick body, and a positioning column matching the through hole of the upper brick body is arranged at the center of the top of the lower brick body;

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, in the two adjacent sidewalk tiles of the sidewalk tile layer 8, the positioning column on the lower brick body of the sidewalk tile on the left is inserted into the through hole of the upper brick body of the sidewalk tile on the right. Figure 1 The sidewalk tiles shown have high stability and can give full play to the bearing capacity of masonry materials. Two adjacent sidewalk tiles are fixed by means of positioning columns to avoid relative slippage and dislocation, and keep the tiles in a good stress state as a whole, thereby reducing the breakage of bricks due to external loads and other influences.

[0065] In some embodiments, in two adjacent sidewalk tiles of the sidewalk tile layer 8, the lower brick body of the sidewalk tile on the left side and the upper brick body of the sidewalk tile on the right side are bonded by cement.

[0066] In some embodiments, the sidewalk tiles have a total length of 28 cm and a total width of 18 cm;

[0067] The upper brick body and the lower brick body are 16.5 cm long, 10 cm wide and 10 cm high;

[0068] The positioning column has a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm.

[0069] In some embodiments, the urban sidewalk further comprises:

[0070] A gravel cushion layer 7 is laid at the bottom of a sidewalk floor tile layer 8;

[0071] The capillary barrier layer 5 is laid at the bottom of the sand and gravel cushion layer 7. The filler of the capillary barrier layer 5 may be clay soil with good water stability, high strength and strong capillary action after compaction;

[0072] A coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 is laid on the bottom of the capillary barrier layer 5;

[0073] A fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is laid on the bottom of a coarse-grained gravel force-transfer layer 4;

[0074] in:

[0075] The interface between the capillary barrier layer 5 and the upper gravel cushion layer 7, i.e., the upper interface, is an upwardly curved surface;

[0076] The interface between the capillary barrier layer 5 and the coarse-grained gravel force-transfer layer 4 below, i.e., the lower interface, is an inclined surface;

[0077] Furthermore, the heights of the upper and lower interfaces of the capillary barrier layer 5 close to the municipal road are smaller than the heights of the upper and lower interfaces away from the municipal road, which facilitates drainage.

[0078] In some embodiments, the radius of the upper interface of the capillary barrier layer 5 is set to 15-25 m. Figure 5 As shown, the upper interface of the capillary barrier layer 5 is set as a large radius curved surface, which can help guide the rainwater in the gravel cushion layer 7 to the drain 9. If the radius of the curved surface is too large, it will affect the thickness of other surface layers, resulting in the adjacent surface layer having a thickness that is too large or too small on one side; if it is too small, its water-conducting performance will be reduced, so that the water in the gravel cushion layer 7 cannot be discharged to the drain 9. The lower interface of the capillary barrier layer 5 is an inclined surface with an inclination of 5 to 10 degrees, which ensures that the thickness of the capillary barrier layer 5 is relatively uniform, and avoids the problem of uneven overall thickness of the capillary barrier layer 5 due to the curvature of the upper surface of the capillary barrier layer 5.

[0079] In some embodiments, if the local maximum monthly precipitation is less than 300 mm, the thickness of the capillary barrier layer 5 should be 0.5-1.0 m. If the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 300 mm, the thickness of the capillary barrier layer 5 should be considered to be set to 0.8-1.2 m.

[0080] If the thickness of the capillary barrier layer 5 is too large, it will affect the bearing capacity of the entire structure. When subjected to a large upper load, it may be more likely to cause slippage damage, etc., affecting the overall stability of the structure; if the thickness of the capillary barrier layer 5 is too small, it may occur in the summer and other seasons with large precipitation. Due to the insufficient thickness of the capillary barrier layer 5, the strength of the capillary barrier effect cannot reach the expected level, and the upper moisture cannot be well isolated, resulting in rainwater infiltration, etc. The annual precipitation in different regions of my country varies greatly. In areas with large precipitation, such as coastal areas, the maximum monthly precipitation is about 500 mm, while in areas with small precipitation, the maximum monthly precipitation is below 200 mm; therefore, this embodiment uses the maximum monthly precipitation of 300 mm as the dividing line, and sets a smaller thickness range of the capillary barrier layer 5 in areas with small precipitation to ensure economic and reasonable construction; sets a larger thickness range of the capillary barrier layer 5 in areas with large precipitation to ensure the water-proof effect of the capillary barrier layer 5.

[0081] In some embodiments, the thickness of the gravel cushion layer 7 should be determined according to the local precipitation. When the local maximum monthly precipitation is less than 300 mm, the laying thickness of the gravel cushion layer 7 is 0.5~1.5m; when the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 300 mm and less than 400 mm, the laying thickness of the gravel cushion layer 7 is 0.8~1.7m; when the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 500 mm, the laying thickness of the gravel cushion layer 7 is 1~2.5m.

[0082] In some embodiments, considering that urban sidewalks of different widths will have different widths, fine-grained gravel protective layers 3 of different radii will be generated. The fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 uses thickness to define its geometric shape, and the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is 0.5~1.7m. If the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is too large, the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 will not be able to fully bear the upper load, which may cause the internal municipal pipeline 1 to be damaged when subjected to load; if the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is too small, the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 will be too thick, resulting in an increase in engineering costs. After a large number of engineering tests, the protective effect is better when the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is between 0.5~1.7m.

[0083] In some embodiments, the distance between the outermost boundary of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 and the inner wall of the pilot pit of the municipal pipeline 1 is not less than 1m. When the remaining space is insufficient, the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 can be appropriately reduced to ensure that the ratio of the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 to the thickness of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 (effective force transfer width) is between 0.7 and 1.3. This arrangement can maintain the entire load distribution structure composed of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 and the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4. If the thickness ratio of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 to the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 is too large, that is, the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 exceeds that of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 by a large amount, the load dispersion performance of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 may be weak, and the purpose of protecting the internal municipal pipeline 1 may not be achieved; and if the thickness ratio of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 to the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 is too small, that is, the thickness of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 exceeds that of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 by a large amount, the impact is relatively small, but the hard coarse-grained gravel in the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 may penetrate the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 and scratch the internal municipal pipeline 1. According to a large number of engineering tests, the protective effect is better when the ratio of the thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 to the thickness of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 is between 0.7-1.3.

[0084] In some embodiments, the sidewalk floor tile layer 8 is connected to the top of the side of the curb brick 6 near the municipal road;

[0085] The bottom of the curb brick 6 is embedded in the capillary barrier layer 5 to ensure that rainwater stored in the gravel cushion layer 7 will not flow through the gap between the curb brick 6 and the capillary barrier layer 5 in large quantities when precipitation occurs, while maintaining the stability of the curb brick 6 and preventing the curb brick 6 from tilting.

[0086] In some embodiments, the structure of the curb brick 6 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, a rectangular stone block with a length of 50 cm and a width of 40 cm is provided with a plurality of inclined rectangular holes 10 on the side of the curb brick 6 close to the gravel cushion layer 7 and on the side away from the gravel cushion layer 7, and the rectangular holes 10 close to the gravel cushion layer 7 are connected with the rectangular holes 10 away from the gravel cushion layer 7 to form a water flow channel.

[0087] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the rectangular holes 10 on the two sides of the curb brick 6 have an inclination angle of 45°, and the inclination directions of the rectangular holes 10 on the two sides of the curb brick 6 are opposite, and each rectangular hole 10 on the side close to the gravel cushion layer 7 is cross-connected with the two adjacent rectangular holes 10 on the side away from the gravel cushion layer 7, which can better provide a water flow channel for the water in the gravel cushion layer 7 to flow out, and at the same time, the cross water flow channels can prevent the fine-grained gravel in the gravel cushion layer 7 from being carried out by the water flow, thereby avoiding the loss of gravel.

[0088] In some embodiments, four rectangular holes 10 are opened on each side of the curb brick 6, and the distance between two adjacent rectangular holes 10 is 65 cm. Each rectangular hole 10 is 28 cm long and 30 cm wide to ensure drainage effect.

[0089] In some embodiments, the embedded depth of the curb brick 6 in the capillary barrier layer 5 is not less than 20 cm to prevent the curb brick 6 from falling due to the soil pressure from behind.

[0090] In some embodiments, a drain outlet 9 is provided on the outside of the curb brick 6, i.e., on the side close to the municipal road, and the drainage trough where the drain outlet 9 on the outside of the curb brick 6 is located has a certain inclination angle, which can provide a flow channel for rainwater discharged by the curb brick 6 and then enter the urban drainage system.

[0091] In some embodiments, the fine-grained gravel protection layer 3, the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4, the capillary barrier layer 5, the gravel cushion layer 7 and the sidewalk floor tile layer 8 are all arranged in the guide pit;

[0092] A municipal pipeline 1 is arranged in the center of the bottom of the pilot pit, and the entire exterior of the municipal pipeline 1 is wrapped by a sodium silicate protective layer 2;

[0093] The fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is laid outside the sodium silicate protective layer 2 .

[0094] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the vertical cross section of the sodium silicate protective layer 2 perpendicular to the pilot pit is a semicircular structure with an opening downward;

[0095] The vertical section of the fine-grained gravel protection layer 3 perpendicular to the pilot pit is a semicircular ring structure opening downward, which is convenient for maintaining the structural form of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4, so that the subsequent structure can be constructed directly by stacking.

[0096] In some embodiments, the sodium silicate protective layer 2 is formed by backfilling soil with sodium silicate added. The backfill soil of the sodium silicate protective layer 2 should be gravel with a particle size of less than 2.0 mm, and the density should be at least 90%, and there should be no frozen soil, agglomerated clay, or stones with a maximum diameter exceeding 100 mm.

[0097] The sodium silicate added to the fill of the sodium silicate protective layer 2 is a sodium silicate solution. If the modulus of the sodium silicate solution is too large, the hardening speed of the sodium silicate is too fast, which is not convenient for construction; if its modulus is small, the sodium silicate cannot achieve the ideal hardening quality. Based on a lot of engineering construction experience and experimental guidance, the modulus of the sodium silicate solution in this embodiment is recommended to be 1.0~1.5.

[0098] In some embodiments, sodium silicate solution and gravel are mixed in a suitable volume ratio, which can control the quality of the sodium silicate protective layer 2 and ensure the construction quality. If the ratio is too large, that is, there is too much sodium silicate solution, it may not meet the requirements for environmental protection, and the structure may be too hardened, which is not convenient for later maintenance and construction; if the ratio is too small, that is, there is too little sodium silicate solution, it may not be possible to form a sodium silicate protective layer 2 of good quality, and it may not be able to fully and effectively protect the internal municipal pipeline 1. Therefore, in the sodium silicate protective layer 2 of this embodiment, the volume ratio of sodium silicate solution to gravel is 1:40~50, which can well avoid the above problems.

[0099] In some embodiments, the thickness of the sodium silicate protective layer 2, i.e., the minimum distance from the surface of the sodium silicate protective layer 2 to the internal municipal pipeline 1, should reach 0.2-0.5 m to ensure the quality of the sodium silicate protective layer 2 and avoid the sodium silicate protective layer 2 failing to protect the internal municipal pipeline 1.

[0100] Example 2

[0101] This embodiment provides a construction method for the urban sidewalk described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0102] Step S1, excavating the pilot pit: the excavation of the pilot pit can be carried out by man-machine combined excavation, first excavating to 95% of the designed depth, and then manually clearing the ditch; then the bottom of the ditch is leveled by measurement, and it should be noted that if the excavation is carried out on rainy days, anti-slip measures should be taken; when the manual excavation is greater than 3m, the deep trench should be excavated in layers, and the depth of each layer should not exceed 2m; when manually excavating, the height of the soil pile should not exceed 1.5m, and the distance from the edge of the pilot pit should not be less than 0.8m; when mechanical excavation is carried out, the walking of the equipment should keep the wall of the pilot pit stable;

[0103] Step S2, installation of municipal pipeline 1: after the excavation of the pilot pit is completed, preparations can be made to place the municipal pipeline. Before laying the pipeline, a pipeline laying method shall be selected in combination with conditions such as the pipe diameter, pipe length, and trench depth. During the pipeline laying operation, it shall be carefully checked whether the pipeline laying tools are secure. Pipe laying can be divided into manual and mechanical. Manual pipe laying uses manpower, piles, ropes, rods, etc., and is divided into pressure rope pipe laying and wooden frame pipe laying. Mechanical pipe laying is usually carried out by crane, and the construction site is required to have conditions for the crane to travel and work. After the pipe is laid, attention shall be paid to stabilizing the pipe, that is, the municipal pipeline 1 shall be stabilized on the pilot pit foundation according to the designed elevation and plane position.

[0104] For the sectioned pipe, the stabilization and lowering of the pipe should be carried out simultaneously, that is, after the first section of the pipe is lowered into the pilot pit, the position of the section should be stabilized immediately, and then the next section of the pipe required should be lowered and aligned with the first section of the pipe. After the alignment is qualified and stabilized, the next section of the pipe can be placed; the stabilization of the pipe should be such that the ground plane position, elevation, slope, slope direction and alignment dimensions of the pipe meet the design and installation requirements;

[0105] Step S3, backfilling the sodium silicate protective layer 2: After the municipal pipeline 1 is installed, the sodium silicate protective layer 2 can be backfilled. When preparing the filler, the sodium silicate solution and gravel are fully mixed in a volume ratio of 1:40-50, and backfilled in time after the mixing is completed;

[0106] Step S4, constructing a fine-grained gravel protective layer 3: the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 continues to be backfilled with the gravel used in the sodium silicate protective layer 2, and conventional fine-grained sand soil mainly composed of medium sand and fine sand is used, and the thickness formed should be 0.5-1.7m; after the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is backfilled to the design elevation, the deformation rate of the municipal pipeline 1 and the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 should be measured and recorded within 12-24 hours, and the deformation rate of the municipal pipeline 1 should not exceed 3%. If it exceeds, the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is removed, and the bearing capacity of the foundation is re-tested to determine whether there is unfavorable geology;

[0107] Step S5, construction of coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4: After the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 is backfilled, the construction of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 can be started after it is determined that the municipal pipeline 1 has no obvious deformation and the site is stable. The coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer 4 should use gravel with a particle size greater than 4.75mm, and the density should reach 95% or above. During construction, gravel is first laid in layers. After each layer of aggregate is laid, a heavy-duty vibratory roller is used for rolling. When rolling, attention should be paid to the rolling method. The two sides should be pressed first to prevent the stones from moving in the two directions, and then the central stones are easy to compact due to the restrictions of the compacted stones on both sides; for the overlapping part of the two adjacent sections, additional compaction should be carried out in an area of ​​not less than 2m in width; for the compaction of the vibratory roller, the rolling construction process is static pressing 1 time, light vibration 1 time, and heavy pressing 2~3 times; after completion, the level is used to check the flatness to determine that the elevation difference is within the required range;

[0108] Step S6, constructing the capillary barrier layer 5: the capillary barrier layer 5 should be filled in layers, and the designed inclination angle should be maintained during filling. After the last layer is filled, it should be thickened by 15-25 cm within the range of 0.8-1.0 m on both sides of the upward interface, and then compacted according to the designed curved surface;

[0109] Step S7, constructing the curb bricks 6: The curb bricks 6 should be prefabricated in the factory. Before construction, the guide grooves for the curb bricks 6 are excavated in sections. After each section of excavation is completed, the curb bricks 6 of this section are placed.

[0110] Step S8, constructing the gravel cushion layer 7: after the curb bricks 6 are placed stably, the construction of the gravel cushion layer 7 can begin. The gravel cushion layer 7 is also laid in layers. The gravel cushion layer 7 is laid with artificial graded gravel of gravel: gravel = 9:5±0.5. After laying, compaction is performed and deformation is recorded within 12-24 hours to ensure that no large deformation occurs;

[0111] Step S9, constructing the sidewalk floor tile layer 8: The sidewalk floor tile layer 8 is made of Figure 1 Prefabricated bricks of the structure shown, according to Figure 2 Lay in sections, and pay attention to the cement bonding between the prefabricated bricks. When the last section is not enough to place a whole prefabricated brick, the prefabricated bricks can be cut off;

[0112] Step S10, set up and install the drain outlet 9 according to the municipal construction requirements, and ensure that the drainage ditch where the drain outlet 9 outside the curb brick 6 is located has a certain inclination angle, which can provide a flow channel for the discharged rainwater to flow into the drain outlet 9 and then enter the urban drainage system.

[0113] Before the project starts, a site survey should be conducted to understand the terrain, landforms, buildings, various municipal pipelines 1 and other facilities around the site, clarify the on-site engineering geological conditions, understand the nearby material supply, and clarify the selection of subsequent materials; then, according to the construction drawings, the width of the pilot pit should be determined according to the diameter of the municipal pipeline 1, excavation method, excavation depth, on-site conditions, etc.

[0114] In engineering, materials with large particle size, high hardness, stable properties and not prone to hydrolysis or disintegration, such as gravel, tend to show the rigidity of solid materials, directly transfer the load they receive, and undergo relatively small deformation. Due to the large relative friction and mechanical bite force between particles, this type of coarse-grained material can support the upper load relatively stably, and transfer the load layer by layer from top to bottom when stacked until it reaches the load-bearing layer. In contrast, small-grained sand and gravel, which may disintegrate when exposed to water, will show more flexibility of solid materials. When subjected to load, they will not only transfer the load, but also undergo a certain amount of displacement and deformation due to the load. Because the particles are more spherical and the particle surface is less rough, fine-grained materials will be more prone to relative displacement between particles when subjected to upper loads, and will more easily undergo overall deformation in the direction of smaller interparticle gaps, and will exhibit poor stability maintenance capabilities when subjected to upper loads. However, when the above-mentioned coarse-grained gravel and small-grained gravel are put together for use, the coarse-grained gravel is concentrated on one side and the fine-grained gravel is filled on the other side. When subjected to upper load, the load will be transferred more along the interface of the coarse aggregate at the interface between the coarse-grained and fine-grained materials. The load dispersion effect caused by the guidance of the interface between the two materials can be used to protect the contents in the fine-grained material. The embodiment of the present invention achieves the purpose of protecting underground pipelines through such a load dispersion effect.

[0115] The embodiment of the present invention fully utilizes the characteristics of the above two common engineering materials, uses coarse-grained gravel as the main load-bearing material, and fine-grained sand and gravel is used as the protective material of the municipal pipeline 1. The sand is arranged around the municipal pipeline 1 to protect the municipal pipeline 1 and form a protection zone; the gravel is arranged around the sand and supplemented with sand and gravel of other particle sizes to form a load dispersion zone; this method can fully utilize the compressive strength of solid materials such as gravel and sand and gravel, disperse the load, and protect the municipal pipeline 1.

[0116] In order to solve the problem of water accumulation under municipal sidewalk tiles and gushing out of the bottom water when subjected to load, the embodiments of the present invention introduce the capillary barrier effect of clay soil, combined with independently designed sidewalk tiles and curb tiles, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the drainage performance of the sidewalk. The capillary barrier is formed at the interface of hydrologically different unsaturated soil layers, in which relatively fine soil layers cover relatively coarse soil layers. Under unsaturated conditions, capillary tension at the interface between soil layers prevents water from moving from the fine layer to the coarse layer. Groundwater can be suspended in static water, stored or diverted in or above the fine layer. If the rate of subsequent evaporation, lateral drainage or plant absorption in the fine layer exceeds the inflow, infiltration into the underlying coarse layer can be prevented.

[0117] At the same time, in order to ensure the bonding performance of the sand of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3, enhance the buffering performance of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3, and avoid the sand of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 from falling off, exposing the underground municipal pipeline 1 and causing the underground municipal pipeline 1 to be damaged, the embodiment of the present invention mixes sodium silicate into the sand of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3 to form a sodium silicate protective layer 2, which can be used to enhance the bonding ability between the particles of the fine-grained gravel protective layer 3. Moreover, the colloid formed by sodium silicate itself can also be used as a buffering and shock-absorbing material to absorb the energy of the upper vibration load and protect the internal municipal pipeline 1.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An urban sidewalk, characterized in that: include: A sidewalk tile layer (8), the sidewalk tile layer (8) being paved with sidewalk tiles; A gravel cushion layer (7), the gravel cushion layer (7) is laid at the bottom of the sidewalk floor tile layer (8); A capillary barrier layer (5), the capillary barrier layer (5) being laid on the bottom of the sand and gravel cushion layer (7); A coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer (4), the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer (4) being laid at the bottom of the capillary barrier layer (5); A fine-grained gravel protective layer (3), the fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) is laid on the bottom of the coarse-grained gravel force-transfer layer (4); The sidewalk floor tiles include: An upper brick body, wherein a vertical through hole is arranged at the center of the upper brick body; A lower brick body, wherein the top of the lower brick body is connected to the bottom of the upper brick body to form a stepped brick body, and a positioning column matching the through hole of the upper brick body is arranged at the center of the top of the lower brick body; In two adjacent sidewalk tiles of the sidewalk tile layer (8), the positioning column on the lower brick body of the sidewalk tile on the left is inserted into the through hole of the upper brick body of the sidewalk tile on the right; The fine-grained gravel protection layer (3), the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer (4), the capillary barrier layer (5), the gravel cushion layer (7) and the sidewalk floor tile layer (8) are all arranged in the guide pit; A municipal pipeline (1) is arranged in the center of the bottom of the pilot pit, and the entire exterior of the municipal pipeline (1) is wrapped by a sodium silicate protective layer (2); The sodium silicate protective layer (2) is formed by backfilling soil to which a sodium silicate solution is added; The fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) is laid outside the sodium silicate protective layer (2); The vertical cross section of the sodium silicate protective layer (2) perpendicular to the pilot pit is a semicircular structure with an opening downward; The vertical cross section of the fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) perpendicular to the pilot pit is a semicircular ring structure with an opening facing downward.

2. An urban sidewalk according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the two adjacent sidewalk tiles of the sidewalk tile layer (8), the lower brick body of the sidewalk tile on the left side and the upper brick body of the sidewalk tile on the right side are bonded by cement.

3. An urban sidewalk according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interface between the capillary barrier layer (5) and the upper gravel cushion layer (7), i.e., the upper interface, is an upwardly curved surface; The interface between the capillary barrier layer (5) and the coarse-grained gravel force-transfer layer (4) below, i.e. the lower interface, is an inclined surface; The heights of the upper and lower interfaces of the capillary barrier layer (5) close to the municipal road are smaller than the heights of the lower interfaces away from the municipal road.

4. The urban sidewalk according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) is 0.5-1.7 m; The thickness ratio of the fine-grained gravel protection layer (3) to the coarse-grained gravel force-transfer layer (4) is between 0.7 and 1.3; If the local maximum monthly precipitation is less than 300 mm, the thickness of the capillary barrier layer (5) should be 0.5-1.0 m; if the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 300 mm, the thickness of the capillary barrier layer (5) should be set to 0.8-1.2 m; When the local maximum monthly precipitation is less than 300 mm, the laying thickness of the gravel cushion layer (7) is 0.5-1.5 m; when the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 300 mm and less than 400 mm, the laying thickness of the gravel cushion layer (7) is 0.8-1.7 m; When the local maximum monthly precipitation is greater than 500 mm, the laying thickness of the gravel cushion layer (7) is generally 1 to 2.5 m.

5. The urban sidewalk according to claim 3, characterized in that: The curved surface radius of the upper interface of the capillary barrier layer (5) is set to 15-25 m; The lower interface of the capillary barrier layer (5) is an inclined surface with an inclination angle of 5 to 10 degrees.

6. The urban sidewalk according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sidewalk floor tile layer (8) is connected to the top of the side of the curb brick (6) close to the municipal road; The bottom of the curb brick (6) is embedded in the capillary barrier layer (5); The curb brick (6) is provided with a plurality of inclined rectangular holes (10) on the side close to the gravel cushion layer (7) and the side away from the gravel cushion layer (7), respectively; the rectangular holes (10) on the two side surfaces of the curb brick (6) are inclined in opposite directions, and each rectangular hole (10) on the side close to the gravel cushion layer (7) is cross-connected with an adjacent rectangular hole (10) on the side away from the gravel cushion layer (7) to form a water flow channel.

7. A method for constructing an urban sidewalk according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, excavating a pilot pit; Step S2, installing the municipal pipeline (1); Step S3, backfilling the sodium silicate protective layer (2): after the municipal pipeline (1) is installed, start backfilling the sodium silicate protective layer (2). When preparing the filler, mix the sodium silicate solution and gravel in a volume ratio of 1:40-50, and backfill in time after the mixing is completed; Step S4, constructing a fine-grained gravel protective layer (3): the fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) is backfilled with the gravel used in the sodium silicate protective layer (2). After the fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) is backfilled to the design elevation, the deformation rates of the municipal pipeline (1) and the fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) shall be measured and recorded within 12 to 24 hours. If the deformation rate of the municipal pipeline (1) exceeds 3%, the fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) shall be removed, and the bearing capacity of the foundation shall be retested to determine whether there is unfavorable geology; Step S5, construction of a coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer (4): after the fine-grained gravel protective layer (3) is backfilled, and after it is determined that the municipal pipeline (1) has no obvious deformation and the site is stable, the construction of the coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer (4) is started. During construction, gravel is first laid in layers. After each layer of aggregate is laid, it is rolled using a heavy-duty vibrating roller. When rolling, the two sides are first pressed to prevent the stones from moving in the direction of the two sides, and then the central stone is easily compacted due to the restriction of the compacting stones on the two sides; for the overlapping part of two adjacent sections, additional compaction is performed in an area with a width of not less than 2m; Step S6, constructing the capillary barrier layer (5): the capillary barrier layer (5) is filled in layers, and the designed inclination angle is maintained during filling. After the last layer is filled, it is necessary to thicken it by 15 to 25 cm within the range of 0.8 to 1.0 m on both sides of the upper interface, and then compact it according to the designed curved surface; Step S7, constructing the curb bricks (6): the curb bricks (6) are prefabricated in the factory. Before construction, the guide grooves for the curb bricks (6) are excavated in sections. After each section of excavation is completed, the curb bricks (6) of this section are placed. Step S8, constructing the gravel cushion layer (7): after the curb bricks (6) are placed stably, the construction of the gravel cushion layer (7) begins. The gravel cushion layer (7) is also laid in layers. The gravel cushion layer (7) is laid using artificial graded gravel with a ratio of gravel: gravel = 9:5±0.

5. After laying, compaction is performed and deformation is recorded within 12 to 24 hours to ensure that no large deformation occurs. Step S9, constructing the sidewalk floor tile layer (8): the sidewalk floor tile layer (8) is made of prefabricated bricks, which are laid in sections. It is noted that the prefabricated bricks should be bonded with cement. When the last section is not large enough to hold a whole prefabricated brick, the prefabricated bricks are cut off; Step S10: a drain port (9) is provided on the outer side of the curb brick (6) according to municipal construction requirements.

8. A construction method for urban sidewalks according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S5: The coarse-grained gravel force transfer layer (4) uses gravel with a particle size greater than 4.75 mm and a density of 95% or more; The rolling construction process is static pressing 1 time, light vibration 1 time, and heavy pressing 2 to 3 times; after completion, use a level to check the flatness and make sure the elevation difference is within the required range.

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