A temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction and a support method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a temporary supporting device based on bridge and tunnel construction and a supporting method thereof, which comprises a track assembly and two groups of supporting mechanisms arranged on the two sides of the track assembly, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises an abutting plate and a baffle, the abutting plate is provided with a plurality of installation grooves, the abutting plate is provided with a folding and telescoping mechanism through the installation grooves, one end of the folding and telescoping mechanism is hinged to the baffle, and the baffle is arranged in abutment with one side surface of the track assembly; a ejection assembly is arranged in the middle of the track assembly, the bottom surface of the ejection assembly is provided with a sliding strip, and the two ends of the sliding strip are respectively detachably connected to the top surfaces of the two baffles; the top end of the ejection assembly is detachably connected with a supporting unit, the two ends of the supporting unit are respectively hinged with arc plates, one end of the arc plate is hinged to the top end of the abutting plate, and the other end of the arc plate is detachably connected with an auxiliary assembly; and the bottom surface of the baffle is rotatably connected with a roller. The application can comprehensively support the inner wall of the tunnel, and the transportation of materials in the tunnel excavation process can be realized through a conventional conveying tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering technology, and in particular to a temporary support device and support method for bridge and tunnel construction. Background Technology

[0002] During bridge construction, it is often necessary to tunnel through mountains to reduce construction costs. However, due to various factors such as soil type, internal structure, and drainage, temporary support is required at the planned construction site during tunnel construction to prevent problems such as sidewall collapse, rockfall, and water seepage that could affect excavation efficiency and construction safety.

[0003] Currently, the support methods used in tunnel and bridge construction mostly involve manually constructing temporary support structures using concrete and steel frames, or utilizing prefabricated temporary support structures. The construction of manually constructed support structures is time-consuming, resource-intensive, and labor-intensive, resulting in low construction efficiency and impacting the construction schedule. Existing prefabricated temporary support structures (Chinese Patent No.: CN107059634A) can solve the problems of manually processing concrete and steel frames into temporary supports, which is time-consuming, costly, and impacts project progress. Furthermore, it requires constructing corresponding temporary supports for different structural surfaces, leading to high labor intensity, complex operation, non-reusability, resource waste, and low efficiency. However, it only supports the tunnel roof and occupies a large portion of the tunnel space during the support process, hindering the entry of materials later. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a temporary support device and method for bridge and tunnel construction, which can achieve comprehensive support for the tunnel inner wall and transport materials during the tunnel excavation process using traditional conveying tools, thereby improving space utilization.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] A temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction includes a track assembly and two sets of support mechanisms, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the track assembly. Each support mechanism includes an abutment plate and a baffle. The abutment plate has several mounting slots, through which a folding telescopic mechanism is mounted. One end of the folding telescopic mechanism is hinged to the baffle, which abuts against one side of the track assembly. A push-out assembly is disposed in the middle of the track assembly, and a sliding strip is disposed on the bottom surface of the push-out assembly. Both ends of the sliding strip are detachably connected to the top surfaces of the two baffles. A telescopic support unit is detachably connected to the top of the push-out assembly. Arc plates are hinged to both ends of the support unit. One end of the arc plate is hinged to the top of the abutment plate, and the other end of the arc plate is detachably connected to an auxiliary component capable of adjusting the lateral spacing between the two sets of support mechanisms. Several rollers for assisting the movement of the support mechanisms are rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the baffle.

[0007] Preferably, the folding telescopic mechanism includes a horizontal support unit and an inclined support unit. The horizontal support unit includes a connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the side of the baffle. The other end of the connecting rod has a first mounting hole. A first spring is fixedly connected to the inner end face of the first mounting hole. A chain is fixedly connected to one end of the first spring. A fixing block is fixedly connected to one end of the chain. The fixing block is located at the bottom of the mounting groove and is adapted to the mounting groove. The top surface of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the inclined support unit. One end of the inclined support unit is located in the mounting groove.

[0008] Preferably, the inclined support unit includes an electric cylinder, which is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove. The slider of the electric cylinder extends out of the mounting groove and is fixedly connected to a first hinge seat. The first hinge seat is hinged to a hydraulic cylinder, and one end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to a second hinge seat. The bottom surface of the second hinge seat is fixedly connected to the top surface of the connecting rod.

[0009] Preferably, the support unit includes a docking block, one side of which has several through holes. Two docking blocks are screwed to the auxiliary component through the through holes and bolt assemblies, respectively. A movable rod is hinged to one side of the docking block. One end of the movable rod is rotatably connected to a telescopic block. A sliding rod is fixed to one end of the telescopic block. A sliding hole is opened on one end of the sliding rod. One end of the sliding rod is slidably connected to a telescopic component through the sliding hole. The telescopic component is hinged to one end of the arc plate.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a movable rod, one end of which is hinged to one end of the arc plate, and the other end face of the movable rod has a second mounting hole. A ratchet is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the second mounting hole. A second spring is fixedly connected to the inner end face of the second mounting hole. One end of the second spring is fixedly connected to a snap-fit ​​assembly adapted to and detachably connected to the ratchet. A frustum-shaped limiting block is fixedly connected to one end of the snap-fit ​​assembly. The limiting block is adapted to and slidably contacts the sliding hole. Symmetrical openings are formed on the inner wall of the second mounting hole, and these openings penetrate the ratchet.

[0011] Preferably, the latching assembly includes a latching block, one end of which is fixedly connected to one end of the second spring, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the limiting block. Two latching plates are symmetrically rotatably connected to the outer side of the latching block. One end of each latching plate is detachably connected to the ratchet rack. A third spring is fixedly connected between the opposite sides of one end of each of the two latching plates. The third spring passes through the latching block and is in clearance fit with the latching block.

[0012] Preferably, the track assembly includes two rails, with a plurality of sleepers fixedly connected at equal intervals between the two rails; the baffle abuts against the side of the rails.

[0013] Preferably, the roller is an inflatable structure.

[0014] A temporary support method for bridge and tunnel construction includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. Excavate the tunnel entrance;

[0016] S2. Install track components at the tunnel entrance;

[0017] S3. Secure the two sets of support mechanisms together with screws and push the support mechanisms into both sides of the track assembly;

[0018] S4. Depressurize the rollers and make the baffles contact the side of the rail and the bottom of the tunnel respectively.

[0019] S5. Adjust the electric cylinder, hydraulic cylinder and ejection assembly to make the abutment plate and arc plate abut against the side wall and top surface of the tunnel respectively;

[0020] S6. As the excavation depth at the tunnel entrance increases, operation steps S2-S5 are used to achieve the stepwise advancement of multiple support devices.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0022] This invention facilitates the entry and exit of transport vehicles carrying excavation tracks by laying track components inside the tunnel, and sets support mechanisms on both sides of the track components to achieve mutual support between the two support mechanisms, thereby improving the support strength of the tunnel.

[0023] This invention utilizes rollers on the bottom surface of the baffle to move the auxiliary support mechanism, enabling short-distance lifting and lowering of the support mechanism. This allows for short-distance movement of the support mechanism after the rollers are inflated, and also allows the depressurized rollers to stably place the support mechanism on the tunnel floor.

[0024] This invention utilizes rollers to enable the combined, tiered, and progressive use of multiple support devices, facilitating the alternation of supports within the tunnel and the permanent curing of the tunnel walls as the tunnel is continuously excavated deeper. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a side view of the abutment plate structure.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a side view diagram of the supporting unit structure;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a side view of the telescopic component.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section of the movable rod.

[0031] The components are as follows: 1. Rail; 2. Sleeper; 3. Sliding bar; 4. Abutment plate; 5. Baffle; 6. Ejection assembly; 7. Arc plate; 8. Roller; 9. Connecting rod; 10. First spring; 11. Chain; 12. Fixing block; 13. Electric cylinder; 14. Mounting slot; 15. First hinge seat; 16. Hydraulic cylinder; 17. Second hinge seat; 18. Connecting block; 19. Moving rod; 20. Telescopic block; 21. Sliding rod; 22. Movable rod; 23. Ratchet; 24. Opening slot; 25. Second spring; 26. Limiting block; 27. Locking block; 28. Locking plate; 29. ​​Third spring; 30. Washer. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] It should be noted that, in order to make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Depend on Figure 1-2 The diagram illustrates a temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction, comprising a track assembly and two sets of support mechanisms, each set positioned on either side of the track assembly. Each support mechanism includes an abutment plate 4 and a baffle plate 5. The abutment plate 4 has several mounting slots 14 through which a folding telescopic mechanism is mounted. One end of the folding telescopic mechanism is hinged to the baffle plate 5, which abuts against one side of the track assembly. A push-out component 6 is located in the middle of the track assembly. A sliding strip 3 is mounted on the bottom surface of the push-out component 6, with two baffle plates 5 overlapping at both ends. The push-out component 6 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the sliding strip 3, facilitating the push-out of the support unit. The sliding strip 3 and the top surface of the baffle plate 5 are detachable via screws. The connection can not only link two support mechanisms into a whole, but also further enable multiple support devices to share a single ejector assembly 6 for position adjustment of the support unit by disassembly, thereby reducing the operating cost of the support devices; the top of the ejector assembly 6 is detachably connected to a telescopic support unit, and the two ends of the support unit are respectively hinged to arc plates 7. One end of the arc plate 7 is hinged to the top of the abutment plate 4, and the other end of the arc plate 7 is detachably connected to an auxiliary component that can adjust the lateral spacing between the two sets of support mechanisms; the bottom surface of the baffle 5 has a wheel groove, and several rollers 8 for moving the auxiliary support devices are rotatably connected to the side wall of the wheel groove. The rollers 8 are rolling components equipped with inflatable tires. By inflating and deflating the rollers 8, the support mechanism can be disengaged from the track assembly to achieve short-distance movement.

[0035] Furthermore, the ejector assembly 6 is a conventional hydraulic or electric lifting mechanism, which can achieve height adjustment with one end of the support unit. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0036] This invention facilitates the entry and exit of transport vehicles carrying excavation tracks by laying track assemblies within the tunnel. Support mechanisms are positioned on both sides of the track assemblies, allowing for mutual support between the two support mechanisms and enhancing the tunnel's structural strength. Furthermore, rollers 8 on the bottom surface of the baffle 5 assist in the movement of the support mechanisms, enabling short-distance lifting and lowering, thus facilitating their movement within the tunnel. This allows for the combined, tiered use of multiple support devices, simplifying the installation of additional support structures as the tunnel is excavated further.

[0037] Depend on Figure 3-5 As shown, the folding telescopic mechanism includes a horizontal support unit and an inclined support unit. The horizontal support unit includes a connecting rod 9, one end of which is hinged to the side of the baffle 5. The other end of the connecting rod 9 has a first mounting hole. A first spring 10 is fixedly connected to the inner end face of the first mounting hole. A chain 11 is fixedly connected to one end of the first spring 10. A fixing block 12 is fixedly connected to one end of the chain 11. The fixing block 12 is located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the mounting groove 14 and is adapted to the mounting groove 14. The top surface of the connecting rod 9 is fixedly connected to the inclined support unit. One end of the inclined support unit is located in the mounting groove 14.

[0038] Further optimization of the scheme: the inclined support unit includes an electric cylinder 13, which is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove 14. The slider of the electric cylinder 13 extends out of the mounting groove 14 and is fixedly connected to a first hinge seat 15. The first hinge seat 15 is hinged to a hydraulic cylinder 16. One end of the hydraulic cylinder 16 is hinged to a second hinge seat 17. The bottom surface of the second hinge seat 17 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the connecting rod 9.

[0039] The scheme is further optimized. The support unit includes a docking block 18. Several through holes are opened on one side of the docking block 18. Two docking blocks 18 are screwed to the auxiliary component through the through holes and bolt assembly respectively. A moving rod 19 is hinged to one side of the docking block 18 through a third hinge seat. A telescopic block 20 is fixedly connected to one end of the moving rod 19. A sliding rod 21 is fixedly connected to one end face of the telescopic block 20. A sliding hole is opened on one end face of the sliding rod 21. A telescopic component is slidably connected to one end of the sliding rod 21 through the sliding hole. The telescopic component is hinged to one end of the arc plate 7.

[0040] Furthermore, the auxiliary components are several metal gaskets 30, preferably alloy steel. The two mating blocks 18 are screwed to the gaskets 30 through through holes and bolt assemblies, respectively, to adjust the spacing between the two abutment plates 4, so as to facilitate the support of the abutment plates 4 and the arc plate for the tunnel sidewalls and top surface.

[0041] Furthermore, the bolt assembly is a kit of screws and nuts, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0042] Depend on Figure 3-4As shown, the telescopic assembly includes a movable rod 22. One end of the movable rod 22 is hinged to one end of the arc plate 7 via a third hinge seat. The other end face of the movable rod 22 has a second mounting hole. A ratchet rack 23 is symmetrically provided on the inner wall of the second mounting hole. A second spring 25 is fixedly connected to the inner end face of the second mounting hole. One end of the second spring 25 is fixedly connected to a snap-fit ​​assembly that is adapted to and detachably connected to the ratchet rack 23. The second spring 25 can always keep the snap-fit ​​assembly in contact with the slide rod 21. A frustum-shaped limiting block 26 is fixedly connected to one end of the snap-fit ​​assembly. The limiting block 26 is adapted to and slides in contact with the sliding hole. An opening groove 24 is symmetrically provided on the inner wall of the second mounting hole. The opening groove 24 passes through the ratchet rack 23. The opening groove 24 facilitates the retraction of the snap-fit ​​plate 28 of the snap-fit ​​assembly, which facilitates the telescopic movement of the support unit.

[0043] Depend on Figure 4 As shown, the snap-fit ​​assembly includes a snap-fit ​​block 27. One end of the snap-fit ​​block 27 is fixedly connected to one end of the second spring 25, and the other end of the snap-fit ​​block 27 is fixedly connected to the limiting block 26. Two snap-fit ​​plates 28 are symmetrically rotatably connected to the outer side of the snap-fit ​​block 27. One end of the snap-fit ​​plate 28 is detachably connected to the ratchet rack 23. A third spring 29 is fixedly connected between the opposite sides of one end of the two snap-fit ​​plates 28. The third spring 29 passes through the snap-fit ​​block 27 and is in clearance fit with the snap-fit ​​block 27. The third spring 29 is always in a compressed state, which can realize that the snap-fit ​​plate 28 is always locked and engaged with the ratchet rack 23, and prevent the support unit from retracting when there is no operation.

[0044] In a further optimized design, the track assembly includes two rails 1, with several sleepers 2 fixedly connected at equal intervals between the two rails 1. The baffles 5 abut against the sides of the rails 1. By using the track assembly as lateral support for the two baffles 5, the support capacity of the abutment plates 4 against lateral forces is improved, thereby enhancing the safety of the invention.

[0045] A temporary support method for bridge and tunnel construction includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Excavate the tunnel entrance;

[0047] Using excavation equipment, a tunnel adapted to this invention is first excavated at the target location, with the depth of the tunnel entrance between 1 and 2 times the length of the track assembly.

[0048] S2. Install track components at the tunnel entrance;

[0049] After the tunnel entrance is excavated, a track assembly is laid in the middle of the bottom surface of the tunnel entrance. Two support mechanisms are set on both sides of the track assembly and connected as a whole by the slide bar 3. Then, the two support mechanisms are prepared to be pushed into the tunnel.

[0050] S3. Secure the two sets of support mechanisms together with screws and push the support mechanisms into both sides of the track assembly;

[0051] Before pushing the support mechanism into the tunnel entrance, the slide bar 3 and the two baffles 5 are fixed together with screws. At this time, the mating blocks 18 corresponding to the two arc plates 7 are set on the top surface of the ejector assembly 6. The arc plates 7 and the abutment plates 4 are both in a retracted state, so that the overall outline size of the support mechanism can be smaller than the size of the tunnel entrance. The rollers 8 are in a fully inflated state, ensuring that the bottom surface of the rollers 8 extends out of the bottom surface of the baffles 5 and abuts against the ground, which can support the movement of the entire support mechanism.

[0052] S4. Release the air pressure from the roller 8, and make the baffle 5 abut against the side of the rail 1 and the bottom of the tunnel respectively.

[0053] As the entire support mechanism is pushed into the tunnel, and the baffle 5 is placed on both sides of the two rails 1, the air pressure in the roller 8 is released. Due to its own weight, the support mechanism will press the roller 8 into the wheel groove opened on the bottom surface of the baffle 5, so as to achieve a firm support for the baffle 5 by using the ground and the rails 1.

[0054] S5, adjusting the electric cylinder 13, hydraulic cylinder 16 and ejection assembly 6 to make the abutment plate 4 and arc plate 7 abut against the side wall and top surface of the tunnel respectively;

[0055] The hydraulic cylinder 16 and the electric cylinder 13 are activated to push the abutment plate 4 until it abuts against the tunnel sidewall. By adjusting the position of the first hinge seat 15, the stability of the abutment plate 4 can be improved. At the same time, during the process of the abutment plate 4 abutting against the tunnel sidewall, the two baffles 5 will continuously press against the side of the rail 1, achieving stable support for the tunnel sidewall.

[0056] The ejector assembly 6 pushes the docking block 18, causing the arc plate 7 to rotate around the hinge axis between itself and the abutment plate 4 until the outer side of the arc plate 7 abuts against the tunnel top. During this process, the third hinge seat will pull the moving rod 19 to move away from the telescopic assembly as the docking block 18 rises. Then, it will pull the telescopic block 20 and the slide rod 21 to move. The movement of the slide rod 21 will cause the distance between one end face of the slide rod 21 and the inner end face of the second mounting hole to increase. At this time, the second spring 25 will push the locking assembly, the limiting block 26 and the slide rod 21 to slide and abut.

[0057] When the snap-fit ​​assembly moves within the second mounting hole, one end of each of the two snap-fit ​​plates 28 on the side of the snap-fit ​​block 27 engages and disengages with each tooth of the ratchet rack 23, thereby fixing the length of the support unit.

[0058] If a gap appears between the two connecting blocks 18, the gap is filled by adjusting the number of shims 30 in the auxiliary components. Then, screws are used to penetrate both connecting blocks 18 and the shims 30 to achieve integrated fixation of the two support mechanisms. Finally, triangular support is achieved between the arc plate 7 and the support unit, as well as triangular support between the two support units and the connecting blocks 18 and the third hinge seat, thus completing the stable support for the tunnel top and sidewalls.

[0059] S6. As the excavation depth at the tunnel entrance increases, the operation steps S2-S5 can be performed in any order, allowing for the sequential advancement of multiple support devices.

[0060] As the tunnel excavation depth increases, the next support device's track assembly is connected before the current track assembly. After unloading the current support mechanism, the roller 8 is inflated and then pushed deeper into the tunnel. At the same time, permanent reinforcement is carried out in the original position, or another set of support devices is used for protection, realizing a tiered and progressive use.

[0061] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A temporary support device for bridge tunnel construction, characterized by, The utility model provides a kind of supporting mechanism, including track assembly and two groups of supporting mechanism, two groups of the supporting mechanism are respectively arranged in the two sides of track assembly;The supporting mechanism includes abutting plate (4) and baffle (5), the abutting plate (4) is equipped with several installation slot (14), the abutting plate (4) is installed with folding telescopic mechanism by the installation slot (14), one end of the folding telescopic mechanism is hinged with the baffle (5), the baffle (5) is arranged with one side of the track assembly and is in abutment;The middle part of track assembly is provided with ejection assembly (6), the bottom surface of ejection assembly (6) is provided with slide strip (3), the both ends of slide strip (3) are respectively detachably connected with the top surface of two baffle (5);The top end of ejection assembly (6) is detachably connected with the support unit that can be telescopic, the both ends of the support unit are respectively hinged with arc plate (7), one end of arc plate (7) is hinged with the top end of abutting plate (4), the other end of arc plate (7) is detachably connected with auxiliary assembly that can adjust the lateral interval distance of two groups of supporting mechanism;The bottom surface of baffle (5) is rotatably connected with several auxiliary supporting mechanism moving's gyro wheel (8);The gyro wheel (8) is the structure of inflatable type.

2. The temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The folding telescopic mechanism includes horizontal support unit and inclined support unit, the horizontal support unit includes connecting rod (9), one end of the connecting rod (9) is hinged with the side of baffle (5), the other end of the connecting rod (9) is equipped with first mounting hole, the first mounting hole is fixedly connected with first spring in end surface, one end of the first spring is fixedly connected with chain (11), one end of the chain (11) is fixedly connected with fixed block, the fixed block is arranged in the bottom end of the inner cavity of installation slot (14) and is matched with installation slot (14);The top surface of connecting rod (9) is fixedly connected with inclined support unit;One end of the inclined support unit is arranged in the installation slot (14).

3. The temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclined support unit includes electric cylinder (13), the electric cylinder (13) is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of installation slot (14), the slider of electric cylinder (13) is fixedly connected with first hinged seat (15) and extends from the installation slot (14), the first hinged seat (15) is hinged with hydraulic cylinder (16), one end of the hydraulic cylinder (16) is hinged with second hinged seat (17), the bottom surface of second hinged seat (17) is fixedly connected with the top surface of connecting rod (9).

4. The temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support unit includes butt block (18), one side of butt block (18) is equipped with several through holes, two butt blocks (18) are respectively screwed with auxiliary assembly through through hole and bolt assembly, one side of butt block (18) is hinged with moving rod (19), one end of moving rod (19) is rotatably connected with telescopic block (20), one end surface of telescopic block (20) is fixedly connected with slide rod (21), one end surface of slide rod (21) is equipped with slide hole, one end of slide rod (21) is slidably connected with telescopic assembly through the slide hole, the telescopic assembly is hinged with one end of arc plate (7).

5. The temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly comprises a movable rod (22), one end of the movable rod (22) is hinged to one end of the arc plate (7), a second mounting hole is formed in the other end of the movable rod (22), a ratchet bar (23) is symmetrically formed in the inner wall of the second mounting hole, a second spring (25) is fixedly connected to the inner end face of the second mounting hole, and one end of the second spring (25) is fixedly connected with a clamping assembly which is matched with the ratchet bar (23) and can be detachably connected; one end of the clamping assembly is fixedly connected with a circular truncated cone-shaped limiting block (26), the limiting block (26) is matched with and in sliding contact with the sliding hole; an open slot (24) is symmetrically formed in the inner wall of the second mounting hole, and the open slot (24) penetrates the ratchet bar (23).

6. The temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping assembly comprises a clamping block (27), one end of the clamping block (27) is fixedly connected with one end of the second spring (25), the other end of the clamping block (27) is fixedly connected with the limiting block (26), two clamping plates (28) are symmetrically and rotatably connected to the outer side face of the clamping block (27), one end of the clamping plate (28) is detachably connected with the ratchet bar (23), a third spring (29) is fixedly connected between the opposite side faces of one end of the two clamping plates (28), the third spring (29) penetrates the clamping block (27) and is in clearance fit with the clamping block (27).

7. The temporary support device for bridge and tunnel construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The track assembly comprises two rails (1), and a plurality of sleepers (2) are fixedly connected between the two rails (1) at equal intervals; the baffle (5) abuts against the side face of the rail (1).

8. A method for temporary support for bridge and tunnel construction based on the temporary support device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, excavating a tunnel portal; S2, arranging a track assembly at the tunnel portal; S3, fixedly connecting two groups of supporting mechanisms through screws and pushing the supporting mechanisms into both sides of the track assembly; S4, releasing the air pressure of the rollers (8), and abutting the baffles (5) against the side faces of the rails (1) and the bottom face of the tunnel; S5, adjusting the electric cylinder (13), the hydraulic cylinder (16) and the ejection assembly (6) to abut the abutting plates (4) and the arc plates (7) against the side walls and the top face of the tunnel, respectively; S6, with the excavation depth of the tunnel portal, operating steps S2-S5 to realize the step-by-step progression of multiple supporting devices.

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