A viscosity-enhancing, temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a viscosity-enhancing heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer and a preparation method and application thereof. The viscosity-enhancing heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer is obtained by copolymerizing a quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, an olefin amide monomer and an olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure; wherein the quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer has a structure as shown in formula (I): Based on the molecular structure design concept, the present invention simultaneously places two groups, a quaternary ammonium salt positive ion and a sulfonate negative ion, in one monomer to obtain a quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, and uses the monomer as a polymer core monomer to obtain a novel fluid loss reducer through free radical polymerization, and the obtained novel fluid loss reducer has significantly improved heat-resistant and salt-resistant capabilities and solubility. At the same time, due to the electrostatic repulsion between the terminal sulfonic acid groups, the chain molecular conformation of the polymer is more extended, and the polymer viscosity is also increased under a certain range of conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of oilfield chemicals, in particular to a viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of oil fields, the conditions for exploiting oil reservoirs are deteriorating. Oil field exploitation is gradually entering the second and third type oil reservoir blocks with high temperature and high salt. The chain polymers commonly used at present are not resistant to temperature and salt, and it is difficult to meet the needs of actual oil and gas field exploitation. In order to improve the performance of polymers, introducing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant monomers into the polymer structure is one of the commonly used methods. Among them, functional monomers containing sulfonic acid derivatives with terminal olefins are the most widely used. The sulfonic acid group in this type of monomer is insensitive to the attack of cations, which improves the tolerance of the polymer to calcium and magnesium ions, so that the polymer has good salt resistance. At the same time, it can also improve the viscosity retention rate to adapt to complex reservoir conditions.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN108059950A discloses a water-based temperature-resistant and salt-resistant fluid loss reducer grafted with a linear polymer. The polymer contains two sulfonic acid monomers (2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate). Although the resistance to monovalent salts is improved, the resistance to divalent salts is still very limited, and the amount of the fluid loss reducer is large; Chinese patent document CN110628396A discloses a modified starch copolymer temperature-resistant and salt-resistant fluid loss reducer, which can resist high temperatures of 220°C, but can only resist monovalent saturated sodium chloride and has no tolerance to divalent salts; Chinese patent document CN115181212A discloses a temperature-resistant and salt-resistant zwitterionic polymer fluid loss reducer, which is synthesized in the form of copolymerization of negative ion monomers and positive ion monomers. Although the temperature-resistant and salt-resistant performance is good, the solubility of the synthesized polymer needs to be improved, and there are many insoluble particles, so the application is very limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, propose a viscosity-enhancing heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer filtrate reducer and its preparation method and application, and solve the technical problem that the heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer filtrate reducer in the prior art cannot take into account good solubility and heat-resistant and salt-resistant properties.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer, which is obtained by copolymerizing a quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, an olefin amide monomer and an olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure; wherein the quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer has a structure as shown in formula (I):

[0006]

[0007] In formula (I), n≥0, and n is an integer, the substituent R1 is selected from one of the structures shown in formula (a), (b), and (c); R2 and R3 are respectively selected from H, alkyl or aryl.

[0008]

[0009] In formula (a), (b), and (c), x, y, and z are all ≥ 0 and are integers; R 1 , R 2 are respectively selected from H, halogen, alkyl or aryl.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, olefin amide monomer and olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure are dissolved in water, and the pH is adjusted to 7-8. Under an inert atmosphere, the temperature is raised to the copolymerization temperature, and the mixture is fully stirred for 0.1-1h. Then, an initiator is added to carry out the copolymerization reaction. After the copolymerization reaction is completed, the reaction product is washed, dried and crushed to obtain a viscosity-enhancing, temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer.

[0012] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of a viscosity-enhancing heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer. The viscosity-enhancing heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer provided in the first aspect of the present invention is used to prepare drilling fluid.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0014] The present invention is based on the concept of molecular structure design, and two groups, quaternary ammonium salt positive ion and sulfonate negative ion, are simultaneously placed in one monomer to obtain a quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, and the monomer is used as a polymer core monomer to obtain a novel fluid loss reducer through free radical polymerization, and the obtained novel fluid loss reducer has significantly improved heat and salt resistance and solubility. At the same time, due to the electrostatic repulsion between the terminal sulfonic acid groups, the chain molecular conformation of the polymer is more extended, and the polymer viscosity is also increased under certain conditions. Therefore, this type of polymer fluid loss reducer has good water solubility, viscosity increasing, and heat and salt resistance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0016] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer, which is obtained by copolymerizing a quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, an olefin amide monomer and an olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure; wherein the quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer has a structure as shown in formula (I):

[0017]

[0018] In formula (I), n≥0, and n is an integer, the substituent R1 is selected from one of the structures shown in formula (a), (b), and (c); R2 and R3 are respectively selected from H, alkyl or aryl, and further selected from H, CH3, Et or Ph, etc.

[0019]

[0020] In formula (a), (b), and (c), x, y, and z are all ≥ 0 and are integers; R 1 , R 2 Each of them is selected from H, halogen, alkyl or aryl, and further selected from H, CH3, Et, F, Cl, Br, I or phenyl.

[0021] The present invention adopts a new monomer design concept, placing a positively charged quaternary ammonium salt structure and a negatively charged sulfonate structure in the same olefinic monomer, thereby significantly improving the performance of the polymer. The unique structure of the quaternary ammonium sulfonate makes the intramolecular salt formed by the positive and negative charges in the molecule, and the sulfonic acid group is more in a negative ion state, which is more conducive to improving the salt resistance. At the same time, each functional group in the polymer filtration reducer of the present invention plays a certain role and cooperates with each other, thereby playing a role in temperature resistance and salt resistance and viscosity enhancement. For example, the introduced amide bond can promote the adsorption of clay particles on the polymer network structure, greatly improving the dispersion performance of clay in the drilling fluid, and making it difficult for clay particles to aggregate; a large number of sulfonic acid groups are insensitive to salt, thereby ensuring the salt resistance of the filtration reducer; in addition, a ring structure is introduced into the molecule, which improves the stability of the polymer filtration reducer at high temperatures.

[0022] In this embodiment, the quaternary ammonium sulfonate ethylenic monomer is obtained by reacting raw materials having the following mass percentages: 10-50% of a sulfonic acid compound, 5-50% of an amine compound, and 20-50% of a terminal ethylenic halide.

[0023] Among them, the sulfonic acid compound is one or more of formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate adduct, sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfate, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1,5-pentane sultone, 1,6-hexane sultone, 1,7-heptane sultone, 1,8-octane sultone, 1,9-nonane sultone, and 1,10-decane sultone.

[0024] Among them, the amine compounds are dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dicyclopentylamine, dihexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, diheptylamine, dicycloheptylamine, dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, diphenylamine, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminopropyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminobutyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminopentyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminohexyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminoheptyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminooctane chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminononane chloride hydrochloride, N , one or more of N-dimethylaminoethyl bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminopropane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminobutane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminopentane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminohexane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminoheptylpropane hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminooctane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminononane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethyl-4-vinylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-vinylnaphthalene-1-methylamine, and N,N-dimethyl-5-vinylnaphthalene-1-methylamine.

[0025] Among them, the terminal alkenyl halide is one or more of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, 4-vinylbenzyl bromide, allyl bromide, 3-bromobutene, 3-bromopent-1-ene, 1-bromovinylbenzene, allyl chloride, 3-chlorobutene, 3-chloropent-1-ene, and 1-chlorovinylbenzene.

[0026] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the quaternary ammonium sulfonate ethylenic monomer comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) A sulfonic acid compound is dissolved in water, an amine compound is added in an ice-water bath, and the reaction is carried out for 10 to 18 hours. The solvent in the reaction solution is then removed, and an intermediate 1 is obtained after recrystallization; wherein the ratio of the sulfonic acid compound to water is 0.1 to 1 g: 1 mL.

[0028] (2) dissolving the terminal alkenyl halide in anhydrous ethanol and cooling to -5 to 0°C; dissolving the intermediate 1 in an ethanol aqueous solution, and then slowly dropping the ethanol aqueous solution of the intermediate 1 into the anhydrous ethanol solution of the terminal alkenyl halide under an inert atmosphere, heating the mixture to 45 to 50°C, reacting for 18 to 24 hours, then removing the solvent from the reaction solution, washing, and drying to obtain a quaternary ammonium sulfonate alkenyl monomer; wherein the concentration of the terminal alkenyl halide in the anhydrous ethanol solution is 0.1 to 1 g / mL; the volume concentration of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution of the intermediate 1 is 40% to 80%, and the concentration of the intermediate 1 is 0.1 to 1 g / mL; the washing solvent is acetonitrile, and the drying is vacuum drying.

[0029] In this embodiment, the vinyl amide monomer is one or more of acrylamide, methacrylamide, ethyl acrylamide, vinyl methyl acetamide, isobutyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N,N-diethyl acrylamide, and N-phenyl acrylamide.

[0030] In this embodiment, the olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure is one or more of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 3-acetyl-N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-acryloylmorpholine, 2-acrylphenol, N-vinyl valerolactam, and N-vinyl caprolactam.

[0031] In this embodiment, the raw monomers of the viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer are composed of 5-40% quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomers, 10-60% olefin amide monomers, and 10-40% cyclic structure-containing olefin monomers, by mass percentage.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer, comprising the following steps:

[0033] The quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, olefin amide monomer and olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure are dissolved in water, and the pH is adjusted to 7-8. Under an inert atmosphere, the temperature is raised to the copolymerization temperature, and the mixture is fully stirred for 0.1-1h. Then, an initiator is added to carry out the copolymerization reaction. After the copolymerization reaction is completed, the reaction product is washed, dried and crushed to obtain a viscosity-enhancing, temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer.

[0034] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the total mass of the quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, the olefin amide monomer and the cyclic structure-containing olefin monomer to water is (0.1-0.5):1.

[0035] The present invention does not limit the types of base used for adjusting pH and initiator used for copolymerization reaction, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual conditions. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in the process of adjusting pH, the base used is 10% to 30% sodium hydroxide solution; the initiator used for copolymerization reaction is ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite initiation system; the amount of initiator added is 0.1 to 10% of the total mass of quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, olefin amide monomer and olefin monomer containing cyclic structure.

[0036] In this embodiment, the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or helium; the copolymerization reaction temperature is 40 to 80° C., and the copolymerization reaction time is 1 to 6 hours.

[0037] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of a viscosity-enhancing heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer. The viscosity-enhancing heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer provided in the first aspect of the present invention is used to prepare drilling fluid.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] (1) Preparation of quaternary ammonium sulfonate vinyl monomer:

[0040] Dissolve 47 g of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate adduct in 150 mL of water, add 23 g of 40% dimethylamine aqueous solution in an ice-water bath, and react for 18 hours. After monitoring the reaction completion, remove the solvent from the reaction solution, and then recrystallize to obtain a white solid powder.

[0041] Dissolve 45.6 g of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride in 150 mL of anhydrous ethanol and cool to 0°C. Dissolve the product obtained in the first step in 150 mL of 60% ethanol aqueous solution, then slowly add dropwise to the anhydrous ethanol solution of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride under nitrogen, heat the mixture to 50°C, and continue the reaction for 20 hours. Remove the solvent, wash with acetonitrile and dry in vacuum to obtain a colorless solid quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer.

[0042] (2) Preparation of viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer:

[0043] 25.5 g of quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, 42.5 g of methacrylamide, and 33.3 g of N-vinyl pyrrolidone are dissolved in 330 g of deionized water, neutralized with a prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution to a pH of 7-8, and added to a three-necked flask, N2 is introduced to remove oxygen in the reaction system, and the temperature is raised to 55°C; half an hour later, 1.25 g of initiator ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite are added to the reaction flask, nitrogen is continuously introduced, and the polymerization reaction is carried out for 4 hours to obtain a transparent viscous product, which is purified with anhydrous ethanol to obtain a white solid, which is dried at 100°C for 24 hours and then crushed to obtain a copolymer in the form of a white powder.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] (1) Preparation of quaternary ammonium sulfonate vinyl monomer:

[0046] Dissolve 47 g of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate adduct in 200 mL of water, add 28 g of 40% dimethylamine aqueous solution in an ice-water bath, and react for 18 h. After monitoring the reaction completion, remove the solvent from the reaction solution, and then recrystallize to obtain a white solid powder.

[0047] Dissolve 42.4 g of allyl bromide in 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol and cool to 0°C. Dissolve the product obtained in the first step in 100 mL of 60% ethanol aqueous solution and then slowly add dropwise to the anhydrous ethanol solution of allyl bromide under nitrogen. Heat the mixture to 50°C and continue the reaction for 20 hours. Remove the solvent, wash with acetonitrile and dry in vacuum to obtain a colorless solid quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer.

[0048] (2) Preparation of viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer:

[0049] 17.9 g of quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, 42 g of acrylamide, and 22 g of N-vinyl pyrrolidone are dissolved in 330 g of deionized water, neutralized with a prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution to a pH of 7-8, and added to a three-necked flask, N2 is introduced to remove oxygen in the reaction system, and the temperature is raised to 55°C; half an hour later, 1.25 g of initiator ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite are added to the reaction flask, nitrogen is continuously introduced, and the polymerization reaction is carried out for 4 hours to obtain a transparent viscous product. The product is purified with anhydrous ethanol to obtain a white solid, which is dried at 100°C for 24 hours and then crushed to obtain a copolymer in the form of a white powder.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] (1) Preparation of quaternary ammonium sulfonate vinyl monomer:

[0052] Dissolve 41.6 g of sodium bisulfite in 200 mL of water, add 57.6 g of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride in an ice-water bath, and heat under reflux for 10 hours. After monitoring the reaction completion, remove the solvent from the reaction solution, and then recrystallize to obtain a white solid powder.

[0053] Dissolve 60.8 g of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride in 150 mL of anhydrous ethanol and cool to 0°C. Dissolve the product obtained in the first step in 150 mL of 60% ethanol aqueous solution, then slowly add dropwise to the anhydrous ethanol solution of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride under nitrogen, heat the mixture to 50°C, and continue the reaction for 20 hours. Remove the solvent, wash with acetonitrile and dry in vacuum to obtain a colorless solid quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer.

[0054] (2) Preparation of viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer:

[0055] 53.8 g of quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, 71 g of acrylamide, and 28 g of N-vinyl pyrrolidone are dissolved in 450 g of deionized water, neutralized to pH 7-8 with a prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution, and added to a three-necked flask, N2 is introduced to remove oxygen in the reaction system, and the temperature is raised to 55°C; half an hour later, 1.5 g of initiator ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite are added to the reaction flask, nitrogen is continuously introduced, and the polymerization reaction is carried out for 4 hours to obtain a transparent viscous product. The product is purified with anhydrous ethanol to obtain a white solid, which is dried at 100°C for 24 hours and then crushed to obtain a copolymer in the form of a white powder.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the alkenyl amide monomer is 42 g of acrylamide.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] Compared with Example 2, the only difference is that the cyclic structure-containing olefin monomer is 25 g of N-vinyl valerolactam.

[0060] Example 6

[0061] Compared with Example 3, the only difference is that the terminal olefin halide is 31 g of allyl chloride and the quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer is 35.8 g.

[0062] Example 7

[0063] Compared with Example 3, the only difference is that the terminal alkenyl halide is 48.4 g of allyl bromide, and the alkenyl amide monomer is 99 g of N,N-dimethylacrylamide.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Comparative Example 1: 34 g of cationic monomer allyltrimethylammonium chloride (ATMAC), 48.3 g of anionic monomer 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), 28 g of N-vinylpyrrolidine (NVP) and 450 g of deionized water were copolymerized to prepare a polymer fluid loss reducer. The copolymerization method was the same as that of Example 3.

[0066] Experimental Group

[0067] 16 g of bentonite was added to 400 mL of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred at a speed of 10,000 r / min for 30 min. After stirring, the mixture was sealed and cured at room temperature for 24 h to obtain a freshwater-based slurry.

[0068] Add 120g of sodium chloride and 18g of calcium chloride to the fresh water base slurry to prepare a salt water base slurry.

[0069] Take 9 portions of salt water-based slurry, of which 1 portion is used as a blank sample without adding any chemical agent, and the other 8 portions are added with 5.5 g of each of the viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer filtrate reducers synthesized in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1 at a rotation speed of 10000 r / min. After the addition, stirring is continued for 30 minutes, and the API filtration loss and HTHP (150°C) filtration loss after aging at 200°C for 16 hours are measured.

[0070] Table 1

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] As can be seen from Table 1, when the dosage of the salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer synthesized in the embodiment of the present invention is 1%, the normal temperature fluid loss in the composite salt water base slurry is about 10mL, and the high temperature and high pressure fluid loss is about 23mL, which can effectively control the fluid loss of the drilling fluid, indicating that the polymer fluid loss reducer synthesized in the present invention has good resistance to high temperature and composite salt. At the same time, although the system of Comparative Example 1 also contains quaternary ammonium salt structure, sulfonate, amide bond and cyclic structure, the ability of the obtained polymer fluid loss reducer to resist high temperature and composite salt is significantly lower than that of Examples 1 to 7, indicating that the quaternary ammonium salt positive ion and sulfonate negative ion are simultaneously placed in a monomer to obtain a quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, and the monomer is used as a polymer core monomer through free radical polymerization, which is more conducive to improving the temperature and salt resistance of the obtained fluid loss reducer.

[0074] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A viscosity-enhancing, temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer, characterized in that: The viscosity-enhancing heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer is obtained by copolymerizing 5-40% of quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, 10-60% of olefin amide monomer and 10-40% of cyclic olefin monomer, and the sum of the weights of the three monomers is 100%; wherein, The quaternary ammonium sulfonate vinyl monomer has a structure as shown in formula (I): ； In formula (I), n≥0, and n is an integer, the substituent R1 is selected from one of the structures shown in formula (a) and (b); R2 and R3 are selected from H, alkyl or aryl respectively; ； In formula (a) and (b), x and y are both ≥ 0 and are integers; R 1 is selected from H, halogen, alkyl or aryl; The alkenyl amide monomer is one or more of acrylamide, methacrylamide, ethyl acrylamide, vinyl methyl acetamide, isobutyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N,N-diethyl acrylamide, and N-phenyl acrylamide; The olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure is one or more of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 3-acetyl-N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-acryloylmorpholine, 2-acrylphenol, N-vinyl valerolactam and N-vinyl caprolactam.

2. The viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The R2 and R3 are selected from H, CH3, Et or phenyl respectively; 1 Selected from H, CH3, Et, F, Cl, Br, I or phenyl.

3. The viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quaternary ammonium sulfonate ethylenic monomer is obtained by reacting raw materials having the following mass percentages: 10-50% of a sulfonic acid compound, 5-50% of an amine compound, and 20-50% of a terminal ethylenic halide.

4. The viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sulfonic acid compound is one or more of formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate adduct, sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfate, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1,5-pentane sultone, 1,6-hexane sultone, 1,7-heptane sultone, 1,8-octane sultone, 1,9-nonane sultone, and 1,10-decane sultone; the amine compound is dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine , diamylamine, dicyclopentylamine, dihexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, diheptylamine, dicycloheptylamine, dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, diphenylamine, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminopropyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminobutyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminopentane chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminohexyl chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminoheptane chloride hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminooctane chloride hydrochloride 、N,N-dimethylaminochlorononane hydrochloride, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminopropane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminobutane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminopentane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminohexane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminoheptylpropane hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminooctane bromide hydrobromide, N,N-dimethylaminononane bromide hydrobromide, N,N- One or more of dimethyl-4-vinylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-vinylnaphthalene-1-methylamine, and N,N-dimethyl-5-vinylnaphthalene-1-methylamine; the terminal alkenyl halide is one or more of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, 4-vinylbenzyl bromide, allyl bromide, 3-bromobutene, 3-bromopent-1-ene, 1-bromovinylbenzene, allyl chloride, 3-chlorobutene, 3-chloropent-1-ene, and 1-chlorovinylbenzene.

5. The viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the quaternary ammonium sulfonate vinyl monomer comprises the following steps: The sulfonic acid compound was dissolved in water, and an amine compound was added in an ice-water bath to react for 10-18 h. The solvent in the reaction solution was then removed, and the intermediate 1 was obtained after recrystallization. The terminal alkenyl halide is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and cooled to -5~0°C; the intermediate 1 is dissolved in an ethanol aqueous solution, and then the ethanol aqueous solution of the intermediate 1 is slowly added dropwise to the anhydrous ethanol solution of the terminal alkenyl halide under an inert atmosphere, the mixture is heated to 45~50°C, and the reaction is carried out for 18~24 hours, and then the solvent in the reaction solution is removed, and the quaternary ammonium sulfonate alkenyl monomer is obtained after washing and drying.

6. The viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of the sulfonic acid compound to water is 0.1-1 g:1 mL; in the anhydrous ethanol solution of the terminal alkenyl halide, the concentration of the terminal alkenyl halide is 0.1-1 g / mL; in the ethanol aqueous solution of the intermediate 1, the volume concentration of ethanol is 40%-80%, and the concentration of the intermediate 1 is 0.1-1 g / mL.

7. The viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copolymerization reaction temperature is 40-80° C., and the copolymerization reaction time is 1-6 hours.

8. A method for preparing the viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, olefin amide monomer and olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure are dissolved in water, and the pH is adjusted to 7-8. Under an inert atmosphere, the temperature is raised to the copolymerization temperature, and the mixture is fully stirred for 0.1-1h. Then, an initiator is added to carry out the copolymerization reaction. After the copolymerization reaction is completed, the reaction product is washed, dried and crushed to obtain a viscosity-enhancing, temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer.

9. The method for preparing the viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the total mass of the quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, the olefin amide monomer and the olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure to water is (0.1-0.5):1; in the process of adjusting the pH, the alkali used is a 10%-30% sodium hydroxide solution; the initiator used in the copolymerization reaction is an ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite initiation system; the amount of the initiator added is 1-10% of the total mass of the quaternary ammonium sulfonate olefin monomer, the olefin amide monomer and the olefin monomer containing a cyclic structure; and the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or helium.

10. A use of the viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The viscosity-enhancing temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer fluid loss reducer is used for preparing drilling fluid.

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