A high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux remote control monitoring system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a remote control and monitoring system and method for water-gas interface carbon flux in high-cold and unmanned areas, which comprises the following modules: a power guarantee module, a remote trigger mobile module, a water-gas interface carbon flux self-monitoring module, a data wireless transmission module and an instrument abnormality early warning module. The power guarantee module is used for providing power for the water-gas interface carbon flux self-monitoring module. The remote trigger mobile module is used for sending a control instruction of starting measurement after the nearby conditions and the battery power meet the field measurement conditions. The water-gas interface carbon flux self-monitoring module is used for recording carbon flux data in real time. The data wireless transmission module is used for transmitting the carbon flux data to a remote database. The instrument abnormality early warning module is used for issuing a device abnormality warning when an abnormality occurs, and can remotely issue a stop command to the water-gas interface carbon flux self-monitoring module or the power guarantee module. The application can realize the self-supply of power for the measurement of the water-gas interface carbon flux in the high-cold and unmanned areas, the measurement of multiple frequencies, the fast transmission of data, the on-site utilization of solar energy, the remote monitoring, the triggering and the transmission of data, and the safety and reliability of each link of the measurement of the water-gas interface carbon flux in the high-cold and unmanned areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of carbon flux monitoring, in particular to a high-cold unmanned area water-air interface carbon flux remote control monitoring system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Global warming has become the biggest challenge for human survival, and greenhouse gases are considered to be the main cause of this predicament. Due to its special geographical location and fragile ecological environment, the Sanjiangyuan on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has become a key area for studying climate change and analyzing carbon flux exchange. However, due to the high altitude and harsh environment, except for a few grazing areas, most of the high-altitude areas are unmanned areas, and it is difficult for humans to carry large monitoring equipment for multiple frequency and efficient monitoring. This problem limits the representativeness of carbon flux monitoring data in high-cold unmanned areas.

[0003] The current methods for measuring water-air interface carbon flux include static box method, gradient method, inverted funnel method, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, and eddy correlation method. Among them, the static box method is simple in principle, convenient and fast, and is often used for water-air interface carbon flux monitoring in rivers and lakes. However, the current application area is mainly concentrated in low-altitude areas, and when applied in high-altitude low-temperature environment, it often needs to be preheated for about 30 minutes, and has to rely on artificial power generation to ensure the operation of the measuring instrument. Especially in unmanned areas, it is difficult to carry materials, and the round trip time is long. These problems make it time-consuming and laborious to monitor carbon flux in high-cold unmanned areas, and it is impossible to achieve automatic measurement of multiple frequencies and long sequences in a short time. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects of the existing water-air interface carbon flux monitoring technology in high-cold unmanned areas, such as reliance on artificial power generation for power supply, inability to remote control, and inability to real-time transmission. The present application provides a high-cold unmanned area water-air interface carbon flux remote control monitoring system and method.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] A high-cold unmanned area water-air interface carbon flux remote control monitoring system, comprising:

[0007] A power supply module for real-time monitoring of meteorological information, determining the conditions for solar energy collection in the field according to the meteorological information, controlling the opening and automatic rotation direction of the solar panel according to the solar incident angle and orientation information to make the solar panel always perpendicular to the solar incident direction, and converting the received solar energy into electrical energy in real time and saving it in a storage battery. The storage battery is used to provide power for the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module;

[0008] The remote trigger mobile module is used for remotely monitoring the conditions near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module and the battery power, and sending a control instruction of starting measurement to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module when the conditions and the battery power both meet the field measurement conditions.

[0009] The water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module is used for receiving the control instruction sent by the remote trigger mobile module, driving the mechanical arm to push out the carbon flux measuring instrument according to the received control instruction, adjusting the distance between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface by using the water level meter, and automatically carrying out the measurement of the water-air interface carbon flux after complete adhesion, and recording the carbon flux data in real time.

[0010] The data wireless transmission module is used for receiving the carbon flux data of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module, compressing the carbon flux data, and transmitting the data to the remote database by using the satellite hotspot device.

[0011] The instrument abnormality early warning module is used for monitoring whether the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module is adhered to the water surface, whether the wind grade will damage the solar panel, whether the battery power is full, and whether large wild animals are close to the instrument, and issuing an equipment abnormality warning and a stop command to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module or the power guarantee module when an abnormality occurs.

[0012] Further, the power guarantee module comprises a monitoring assembly, a meteorological device connected with the monitoring assembly, a solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument, a solar panel, and a battery.

[0013] Further, the meteorological device comprises a wind speed and direction monitoring instrument, a rain gauge, and a thermometer.

[0014] Further, the solar panel has a folding and shrinking function, and is automatically folded and shrunk when the meteorological device monitors sunset or the wind force is greater than a threshold value.

[0015] Further, the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module includes a controller, a mechanical arm, a carbon flux measuring instrument, a water level gauge, and a 360° panoramic camera. The controller is configured to receive a control instruction sent by the remote triggering mobile module. The controller drives the mechanical arm to push out the carbon flux measuring instrument according to the received control instruction. The distance between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface is adjusted by using the water level gauge to measure the water level. After complete adhesion, the carbon flux measuring instrument automatically performs measurement of the water-air interface carbon flux and records carbon flux data in real time. The 360° panoramic camera is configured to perform real-time imaging and shooting of the surrounding situation of the monitoring instrument to monitor whether there is an obstruction, whether wild animals are close, and whether the water-air interface between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface is completely adhered.

[0016] Further, the remote triggering mobile module remotely monitors the situation near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module, wherein the situation includes whether there is an obstruction and whether wild animals are close.

[0017] Further, the instrument abnormality early warning module monitors the surrounding situation of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module, wherein the surrounding situation includes whether there is an obstruction and whether wild animals are close.

[0018] A high-cold unmanned area water-air interface carbon flux remote control monitoring method is provided, which is performed by using the above system. The method includes the following steps.

[0019] In step one, the power guarantee module monitors meteorological information in real time. After determining that the field solar energy collection condition is met according to the meteorological information, the solar panel is controlled to be opened and automatically rotated according to the solar incident angle and direction information, so that the solar panel is always perpendicular to the solar incident direction. The solar energy received by the solar panel is converted into electric energy in real time and stored in a storage battery. The storage battery is configured to provide power for the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module.

[0020] In step two, the remote triggering mobile module remotely monitors the situation near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module and the storage battery power. After the situation and the storage battery power meet the field measurement condition, a control instruction for starting measurement is sent to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module.

[0021] In step three, the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module receives the control instruction sent by the remote triggering mobile module. The mechanical arm is driven to push out the carbon flux measuring instrument according to the received control instruction. The distance between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface is adjusted by using the water level gauge to measure the water level. After complete adhesion, the carbon flux measuring instrument automatically performs measurement of the water-air interface carbon flux and records carbon flux data in real time.

[0022] In step four, the data wireless transmission module receives the carbon flux data of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module. After compression, the carbon flux data is transmitted to a remote database by using a satellite hotspot device.

[0023] Step five, the instrument abnormal early warning module monitors whether the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module is in contact with the water surface, whether the wind grade will damage the solar panel, whether the battery power is full, and whether there are large wild animals around the instrument. When an abnormality occurs, an equipment abnormality warning is issued, and a stop command is issued remotely to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module or the power guarantee module.

[0024] Further, step three specifically includes:

[0025] Step 3.1, use the mechanical arm to horizontally push the carbon flux monitoring float box out;

[0026] Step 3.2, slowly adjust the distance between the carbon flux monitoring float box and the water surface to make it completely fit, specifically, the water level gauge measures the water surface height in real time; the mechanical arm automatically adjusts the descending height of the measurement float box according to the water surface height until the float box bottom completely fits the water surface; the 360° panoramic camera observes the fitting condition, automatically identifies the float box and the water surface according to the embedded algorithm, and visually displays the fitting condition;

[0027] Step 3.3, start water-air interface carbon flux measurement, save monitoring data and monitoring time in real time, specifically, machine preheating for 10-15 minutes to make the instrument working state optimal; start measurement, Picarro G2301 analyzer automatically measures real-time flux of water-air interface greenhouse gases methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and records the start time; automatically calculate the measurement time, when the measurement time reaches 15 minutes, end the measurement and record the end measurement time.

[0028] Further, step five specifically includes:

[0029] Step 5.1, use the wind speed and direction monitor to measure the wind speed, when the wind speed is greater than the threshold value, automatically stop measurement and report the "Wind Risk" abnormal instruction to the background;

[0030] Step 5.2, when the 360° panoramic camera detects that the water-air interface cannot completely fit or the battery power is insufficient, automatically send a stop command to the operator;

[0031] Step 5.3, the 360-degree panoramic camera real-time imaging monitors the surrounding situation of the instrument, automatically detects large wild animals, and determines the approaching situation of the wild animals according to the size of the area detected for multiple times. Specifically, when a large wild animal approaches, an automatic buzzer is sounded to drive away, and if the driving away is ineffective, a "measurement pause" is transmitted to the background; the number of image channels of YOLOv8 is improved to 1, the initial reading image size is increased to 1280*1280, and after recompilation, it is saved and built into the computer; the latest photo taken by the panoramic camera is read; the size of the picture is compressed by using a gray scale conversion function, the RGB color picture taken by the panoramic camera is processed by the gray scale conversion function, the data amount of subsequent monitoring is reduced, and the power resource is saved. The original formula of the gray scale conversion function is:

[0032] Gray=R*0.299+G*0.587+B*0.114

[0033] wherein R, G and B represent the brightness of the red, green and blue channels respectively;

[0034] The gray scale conversion function involving floating point numbers is changed to 16-bit precision, and the modified gray scale conversion function is:

[0035] Gray 16 =(R*19595+G*38469+B*7472)>>16

[0036] The improved recognition model is called to automatically detect large wild animals, and according to the size of the target detection frame and the image resolution, the in-image area size of the large animals is counted;

[0037] It is determined whether the wild animals are approaching, and the area of the last wild animal is compared. If the latest detection area is larger than the last time for two times in succession, the buzzer is started to warn and the background is transmitted to prompt;

[0038] Step 5.4, whether to stop measuring is artificially remotely controlled.

[0039] The present application proposes a remote control monitoring method for water-gas interface carbon flux in high-cold uninhabited areas, which can realize remote triggering and efficient measurement of multiple frequencies for water-gas interface carbon flux monitoring in high-cold uninhabited areas. The measuring instrument is fixed on the shore of the water surface to be measured in the high-cold uninhabited area, the initial height is set at a position 0.5 meters higher than the water level in the wet season, the telescopic solar panel is used to maximize the use of light energy for power supply, the water level is measured by the water level gauge, and the instrument monitoring height is adjusted by the mechanical arm to completely adhere to the water surface, so that the automatic monitoring of the water-gas interface carbon flux is realized, and the improved YOLOv8 is used to automatically identify the existence and approaching state of wild animals to warn the abnormal situation, so that the remote multi-frequency automatic power supply measurement can be realized after one-time installation and maintenance, and the effectiveness and reliability of the monitoring data are provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A module block diagram of a high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux remote control monitoring system is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 2 A power guarantee schematic diagram is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 3 A remote triggering movement schematic diagram is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 4 A water-gas interface carbon flux self-monitoring schematic diagram is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Figure 5 A data 5G transmission schematic diagram is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 6 An instrument abnormality early warning schematic diagram is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 7 A wild animal automatic identification and whether close discrimination schematic diagram is provided for the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiment of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiment in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0048] As Figure 1 , the embodiment of the present application is a high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux remote control monitoring system, which comprises a power guarantee module 10, a remote triggering movement module 20, a water-gas interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30, a data wireless transmission module 40 and an instrument abnormality early warning module 50.

[0049] The power guarantee module 10 includes a meteorological device, a solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument, a solar panel, a storage battery, and a monitoring component. The meteorological device, the solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument, the solar panel, and the storage battery are connected to the monitoring component. The meteorological device includes a wind speed and direction monitor, a rain gauge, a thermometer, etc. for real-time monitoring of meteorological information such as wind, wind speed, rainfall, temperature, etc. to determine whether the natural conditions meet the solar energy utilization conditions. The solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument is used to measure the solar incident angle and orientation information. The monitoring component is used to control the solar panel to open and automatically rotate the direction to make the solar panel always perpendicular to the solar light incident direction according to the solar incident angle and orientation information after determining that the field solar energy collection conditions are met according to the meteorological information measured by the meteorological device, to maximize the reception and utilization of solar energy. The solar panel converts the received solar energy into electrical energy in real time and stores it in the storage battery. The storage battery is used to provide power for the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30. At the same time, the solar panel has a folding and shrinking function. After sunset or when the wind speed is greater than 6 levels, etc. that may damage the solar panel, the solar panel automatically folds and shrinks.

[0050] The remote triggering mobile module 20 is used to remotely monitor the conditions near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module and the storage battery power. After the conditions near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module and the storage battery power meet the field measurement conditions, the remote triggering mobile module 20 sends a control instruction to start measuring to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30.

[0051] The water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30 includes a controller, a mechanical arm, a carbon flux measuring instrument, a water level gauge, and a 360° panoramic camera. The controller is used to receive the control instruction sent by the remote triggering mobile module 20. The controller drives the mechanical arm to push out the carbon flux measuring instrument according to the received control instruction. The water level gauge is used to measure the water level to adjust the distance between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface. After complete adhesion, the carbon flux measuring instrument automatically carries out the measurement of the water-air interface carbon flux and records the carbon flux data in real time. The carbon flux data includes the exchange amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor at the water-air interface, as well as the preheating time, the measurement start time, and the measurement end time of the instrument. The recorded carbon flux data is transmitted to the data wireless transmission module 40. The 360° panoramic camera is used to image and shoot the surrounding conditions of the monitoring instrument in real time to monitor whether wild animals are close and whether the water-air interface between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface is completely adhered.

[0052] The data wireless transmission module 40 is used for receiving carbon flux data of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30 and data of sensors including a solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument, meteorological equipment (a wind speed and direction monitor, a thermometer, an air pressure sensor and the like), and indexes measured respectively are wind speed and direction, temperature, atmospheric pressure and the like, and the data is stored on a built-in memory in real time, after a single measurement is completed, the data is compressed to reduce data transmission pressure, and the data is transmitted to a remote database by using satellite hotspot equipment networking.

[0053] The instrument abnormality early warning module 50 is connected with a solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument, a storage battery, a 360° panoramic camera, a mechanical arm, a wind speed and direction monitor, a thermometer and the like, instrument conditions and surrounding conditions of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30 are monitored in real time, and based on the monitored instrument conditions and surrounding conditions of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30, a device abnormality warning is given when the instrument conditions and surrounding conditions are abnormal. Specifically, whether wild animals are close is quickly identified based on an improved current mainstream target detection framework YOLOv8, when wild animals are close, the water-air interface cannot be completely attached, the memory is full and the like, a device abnormality warning is given, a manual remote stop command is issued to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30, and data effectiveness and instrument safety are ensured.

[0054] The embodiment of the application also provides a high-cold unmanned area water-air interface carbon flux remote control monitoring method, which is performed by using the above system, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0055] Step one, the power guarantee module 10 utilizes a foldable and expandable solar panel, automatically rotates the direction according to the solar incident angle and direction information measured by the solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument, automatically rotates the solar panel by using the mechanical arm to ensure that it is perpendicular to the solar light incident direction, and maximizes the reception of solar energy in a limited area. When sunset occurs, or when the wind is greater than 6 levels and the like, the solar panel is automatically folded and contracted. As shown in Figure 2 The detailed implementation process of step one is as follows:

[0056] Step 1.1, solar energy is collected by using the solar panel;

[0057] The embodiment of the application collects solar energy by using the solar panel, and the collection process is as shown in Figure 2 The detailed implementation steps are described as follows:

[0058] Step 1.1.1, the meteorological equipment including the wind speed and direction monitor, the rain gauge and the thermometer measures the wind power, wind speed, rainfall and temperature information, and judges whether the natural conditions meet the solar energy utilization conditions;

[0059] Step 1.1.2, when the step 1.1.1 discriminates to complete, has the field solar collection condition, uses the solar incidence angle tracking measuring instrument to track the solar direction and incidence angle in real time, the mechanical arm opens the solar panel, and adjusts the angle in real time to make the solar panel perpendicular to the sunlight.

[0060] Step 1.2: the solar panel collects the solar energy in real time into electric energy;

[0061] Step 1.3: the storage battery saves the electric energy in real time, and transmits the electric energy storage amount to the remote trigger mobile module 20 display.

[0062] Step two, the remote trigger mobile module 20 remotely controls whether to carry out carbon flux monitoring. The operator manually remotely checks the instrument condition, the electric energy storage amount, the 360° panoramic camera real-time view of the instrument around, confirms that there is no shelter, no large wild animals, and sends the start monitoring instruction. The electric quantity information and the target identified by the 360° panoramic camera can be transmitted to the server of the control center in real time by using the data wireless transmission module 40. As shown in the figure, the detailed implementation step is described as follows: Figure 3

[0063] Step 2.1, after receiving the electric quantity meeting the measurement requirement notification of step one, remotely observing the field condition by using the 360° panoramic camera on the mobile phone or computer, discriminating whether there is shelter, large wild animals, etc.

[0064] Step 2.2, after manually confirming that the electric quantity and the field condition meet the field measurement condition, remotely issuing the start measurement instruction.

[0065] Step three, the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30 is fixed on the shore of the high-cold uninhabited area where the water surface is to be measured, and the initial height is set at the position of 0.5 meters higher than the water level in the wet season. Picarro G2301 can be used. The module receives the instruction of the remote trigger mobile module 20, as shown in the figure. When not measuring, the monitoring instrument Picarro G2301 is saved in a sealed iron box to reduce the damage of the natural environment to the instrument. After the measurement instruction is triggered, the mechanical arm opens the sealed iron box, pushes the monitoring instrument Picarro G2301 vertically to the water surface, automatically adjusts the distance between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface, and after completely adhering, automatically carries out the measurement of the water-air interface carbon flux, records the exchange amount of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor at the water-air interface in real time, and records the preheating time, the measurement start time and the measurement end time of the instrument. The detailed implementation step is described as follows: Figure 4

[0066] Step 3.1, the carbon flux monitoring float box is pushed out by using the mechanical arm;

[0067] ​​Step 3.2, slowly adjust the carbon flux monitoring buoy to the distance from the water surface to completely fit. The detailed implementation step description is as follows:

[0068] Step 3.2.1, the water level gauge measures the water surface height in real time;

[0069] Step 3.2.2, the mechanical arm automatically adjusts the descending height of the measuring buoy according to the water surface height until the bottom of the buoy completely fits the water surface;

[0070] Step 3.2.3, the 360° panoramic camera observes the fitting condition, automatically identifies the buoy and the water surface according to the embedded algorithm, and visually displays the fitting condition.

[0071] Step 3.3, start the water-air interface carbon flux measurement, and save the monitoring data and monitoring time in real time. The detailed implementation step description is as follows:

[0072] Step 3.3.1, preheat the machine for 10-15 minutes to make the instrument work in the best state;

[0073] Step 3.3.2, start measurement, Picarro G2301 analyzer automatically measures the real-time flux of water-air interface greenhouse gases methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and records the start time;

[0074] Step 3.3.3, automatically calculate the measurement time, and end the measurement when the measurement time reaches 15 minutes, and record the end measurement time.

[0075] Step four, the data wireless transmission module 40 receives the carbon flux data and field environment information of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module 30, and stores the data on the built-in storage in real time. After a single measurement is completed, the data is compressed to reduce the data transmission pressure, and the satellite hotspot device is connected to the network to transmit the data to the remote database, as shown in Figure 5 The detailed implementation step description is as follows:

[0076] Step 4.1, receive the carbon flux data and meteorological parameters measured in real time in step three;

[0077] Step 4.2, create a folder, name it according to the format "monitoring section name_start measurement time", and the time is in the form of "year-month-day-hour-minute-second", and the 'year' is in 2 fields, and the'month-day-hour-minute-second' is in 2 characters, such as "Kekexili_20240715132045", and cut the measurement data in step 4.1 to the file;

[0078] Step 4.3, after the file cutting is completed, it is automatically compressed, and the compressed file name is the same as the folder name;

[0079] Step 4.4, use satellite hotspot networking to transmit data to the remote server.

[0080] Step five, the instrument abnormal early warning module 50 monitors in real time whether the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module is in contact with the water surface, whether the wind grade (above 6) will damage the solar panel, whether the battery power is full, whether there are large wild animals around the instrument, etc. When an abnormality occurs, an equipment abnormality warning is issued, and a stop command is issued remotely to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module or the power guarantee module. As shown in Figure 6 , the detailed implementation steps are described as follows:

[0081] Step 5.1, use the anemometer to measure the wind speed, and automatically stop measuring and report the "Wind Risk" abnormal instruction to the background when the wind speed is greater than 6;

[0082] Step 5.2, when the 360° panoramic camera detects that the water-air interface cannot be completely attached, the battery power is full (i.e. the battery voltage is greater than or equal to 4.2V), etc., automatically send a stop command to the operator.

[0083] Step 5.3, the 360° panoramic camera monitors the situation around the instrument in real time, and automatically detects large wild animals based on the improved YOLOv8 and determines the approach of wild animals according to the size of the area detected multiple times. The detailed implementation steps are described as follows (as shown in Figure 7 ): When a large wild animal approaches, automatically emit a buzzing sound to drive it away, and if the driving is ineffective, transmit "measurement pause" to the background;

[0084] Step 5.3.1, improve the image channel number of YOLOv8 to 1, and increase the initial image size to 1280x1280, then save after recompilation and built-in to the computer;

[0085] Step 5.3.2, read the latest photo taken by the panoramic camera;

[0086] Step 5.3.3, use the grayscale conversion function to compress the picture size, and perform grayscale processing on the RGB color picture taken by the panoramic camera through the grayscale conversion function, to reduce the data volume of subsequent monitoring and save power resources. The original formula of the grayscale conversion function is:

[0087] Gray = R*0.299 + G*0.587 + B*0.114

[0088] Where R, G, and B represent the brightness of the red, green, and blue channels, respectively.

[0089] In order to avoid low-speed floating-point operations occupying space, the grayscale conversion function involving floating-point numbers is changed to 16-bit precision, which improves the operation efficiency. The modified grayscale conversion function is:

[0090] Gray 16= (R * 19595 + G * 38469 + B * 7472) >> 16

[0091] Step 5.3.4, calling the improved recognition model, automatically detecting large wild animals, and according to the target detection frame size and image resolution, counting the in-picture area size of large animals;

[0092] Step 5.3.5, determining whether the wild animal is approaching, repeating steps 5.3.2 and 5.3.4, and comparing the area of the last detection with the area of the previous wild animal. If the latest detection area is larger than the previous one for two consecutive times, the buzzer is started and a background prompt is transmitted.

[0093] Step 5.4, manually controlling whether to stop measuring.

[0094] The present application provides a high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux remote control monitoring system and method. The method uses a scalable and adjustable solar panel to maximize the use of solar energy to meet power supply, uses a water level meter to measure water level and a mechanical arm to adjust the monitoring height of the instrument to completely adhere to the water surface, automatically monitors the water-gas interface carbon flux, and based on panoramic camera pictures, combines a gray scale conversion function to improve the target detection framework YOLO v8, realizes abnormal target (wild animal) detection and approaching state analysis, ensures one-time installation and maintenance for remote multi-frequency automatic power supply measurement, ensures effective monitoring of high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux and safety of the instrument itself, and provides a new idea for replacing time-consuming and laborious traditional manual single-frequency monitoring.

[0095] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can be easily thought of by any person skilled in the art, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux remote control monitoring system, characterized in that, The application relates to a water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring system. The power guarantee module is used for monitoring meteorological information in real time, determining whether field solar energy collection conditions are met according to the meteorological information, controlling a solar panel to open and automatically rotate the direction according to the solar incident angle and the direction information so that the solar panel is always perpendicular to the solar light incident direction, and converting solar energy received by the solar panel into electric energy in real time and storing the electric energy in a storage battery, wherein the storage battery is used for providing electric power for a water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module. The remote triggering mobile module is used for remotely monitoring the conditions near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module and the storage battery electric quantity, and sending a control instruction for starting measurement to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module when the conditions near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module and the storage battery electric quantity both meet field measurement conditions. The water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module is used for receiving the control instruction sent by the remote triggering mobile module, driving a mechanical arm to push out a carbon flux measuring instrument according to the received control instruction, adjusting the distance between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface by using a water level gauge, and automatically carrying out measurement of the water-air interface carbon flux after complete adhesion, and recording carbon flux data in real time. The data wireless transmission module is used for receiving the carbon flux data of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module, compressing the carbon flux data, and transmitting the data to a remote database by using a satellite hotspot device after networking. The instrument abnormality early warning module is used for monitoring whether the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module is adhesion to the water surface, whether the wind power grade will damage the solar panel, whether the battery electric quantity is full, and whether large wild animals are close to the instrument, and sending an equipment abnormality warning and a stop command to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module or the power guarantee module when an abnormality occurs. The solar panel has a folding and shrinking function, and the solar panel is automatically folded and shrunk when the meteorological equipment is monitored to sunset or when the wind power is greater than a threshold value. The water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module comprises a controller, a mechanical arm, a carbon flux measuring instrument, a water level gauge and a 360-degree panoramic camera, the controller is used for receiving the control instruction sent by the remote triggering mobile module, the controller drives the mechanical arm to push out the carbon flux measuring instrument according to the received control instruction, the distance between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface is adjusted by using the water level gauge, the carbon flux measuring instrument automatically carries out measurement of the water-air interface carbon flux after complete adhesion, and carbon flux data are recorded in real time; and the 360-degree panoramic camera is used for imaging and shooting the surrounding conditions of the monitoring instrument in real time, so as to monitor whether there are obstructions, whether wild animals are close, and whether the water-air interface between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface is completely adhesion. The remote triggering mobile module remotely monitors the conditions near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module, wherein the conditions near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module include whether there are obstructions and whether wild animals are close.

2. The high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux remote operation monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: The power guarantee module comprises a monitoring component, a meteorological device connected with the monitoring component, a solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument, a solar panel and a storage battery, the meteorological device is used for monitoring wind force, wind speed, rainfall and temperature information in real time to determine whether the natural conditions meet the solar utilization conditions; the solar incident angle tracking measuring instrument is used for measuring the solar incident angle and the orientation information, and the monitoring component is used for controlling the solar panel to open and rotate automatically to the direction so that the solar panel is always perpendicular to the solar light incident direction according to the solar incident angle and the orientation information after determining that the field solar collection conditions are met according to the meteorological information measured by the meteorological device, thereby maximizing the reception and utilization of solar energy.

3. The high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux remote operation and monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: The meteorological device comprises a wind speed and direction monitor, a rain gauge and a thermometer.

4. The high-cold unmanned area water-gas interface carbon flux remote operation monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: The instrument abnormality early warning module monitors the surrounding conditions of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module, and the surrounding conditions include whether there is an obstacle and whether wild animals are close.

5. A method for remote control and monitoring of carbon flux at the water-atmosphere interface in high-cold and unmanned areas, characterized by The method is performed by using the system of any one of claims 1-4, and the method comprises the following steps: Step one, the power guarantee module monitors meteorological information in real time, controls the solar panel to open and rotate automatically to the direction so that the solar panel is always perpendicular to the solar light incident direction according to the solar incident angle and the orientation information after determining that the field solar collection conditions are met according to the meteorological information, and the solar panel converts the received solar energy into electric energy in real time and saves the electric energy in the storage battery, and the storage battery is used for providing electric power for the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module; Step two, the remote triggering mobile module remotely monitors the conditions near the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module and the storage battery electric quantity, and sends a control instruction of starting measurement to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module after the conditions and the storage battery electric quantity meet the field measurement conditions; Step three, the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module receives the control instruction sent by the remote triggering mobile module, drives the mechanical arm to push out the carbon flux measuring instrument according to the received control instruction, adjusts the distance between the carbon flux measuring instrument and the water surface by using the water level meter, and after complete adhesion, the carbon flux measuring instrument automatically carries out the measurement of the water-air interface carbon flux and records the carbon flux data in real time; Step four, the data wireless transmission module receives the carbon flux data of the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module, compresses the carbon flux data, and then uses the satellite hotspot device to connect to the network and transmit the data to the remote database; Step five, the instrument abnormality early warning module monitors whether the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module is adhered to the water surface, whether the wind force grade will damage the solar panel, whether the battery electric quantity is full, and whether large wild animals are close to the instrument, and sends an equipment abnormality warning and a stop command to the water-air interface carbon flux self-monitoring module or the power guarantee module when an abnormality occurs; Step three specifically comprises: Step 3.1, the mechanical arm is used to horizontally push out the carbon flux monitoring buoy. Step 3.2, slowly adjust the carbon flux monitoring buoy to the distance from the water surface, so that it is completely attached, specifically, the water level gauge measures the water surface height in real time; the mechanical arm automatically adjusts the descending height of the measuring buoy according to the water surface height until the bottom of the buoy is completely attached to the water surface; the 360° panoramic camera observes the attachment condition, automatically identifies the buoy and the water surface according to the embedded algorithm, and visually displays the attachment condition; Step 3.3, start the water-air interface carbon flux measurement, save the monitoring data and monitoring time in real time, specifically, the machine preheats for 10-15 minutes to make the instrument work in the best state; start measurement, Picarro G2301 analyzer automatically measures the real-time flux of water-air interface greenhouse gases methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor, and records the start time; automatically calculate the measurement time, when the measurement time reaches 15 minutes, end the measurement and record the end measurement time; Step five specifically includes: Step 5.1, use the wind speed and direction monitor to measure the wind speed, when the wind speed is greater than the threshold value, automatically stop measurement and report the "Wind Risk" abnormal instruction to the background; Step 5.2, when the 360° panoramic camera detects that the water-air interface cannot be completely attached or the battery power is insufficient, automatically send a stop command to the operator; Step 5.3, 360° panoramic camera real-time imaging to monitor the surrounding situation, automatic detection of large wild animals and according to the size of the area of multiple detection to identify wild animals close, specifically, when there are large wild animals close, automatically emit a buzzing sound to drive away, and transmit "measurement pause" to the background after the drive away is invalid; large wild animals close to the basis of improved YOLOv8, the specific changes are: improve the number of YOLOv8 image channels to 1, the initial reading image size is increased to , recompile and save, and built into the computer; read the latest photo taken by the panoramic camera; use the gray scale conversion function to compress the picture size, and the RGB color picture taken by the panoramic camera is processed by the gray scale conversion function to reduce the data volume of subsequent monitoring and save power resources; the original formula of the gray scale conversion function is: ； In the formula, R, G and B represent the brightness of the red, green and blue channels respectively; The gray scale conversion function involving floating point numbers is changed to 16-bit precision, and the modified gray scale conversion function is: ； Call the improved recognition model to automatically detect large wild animals, and according to the target detection frame size and image resolution, count the in-image area size of large animals; Determine whether the wild animal is approaching, and compare the area of the latest detection with the area of the previous wild animal, if the latest detection area is larger than the previous one for two consecutive times, start the buzzer alarm and transmit the background prompt; Step 5.4, manually control whether to stop measurement remotely.

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