A test system and method for testing the damage caused by external explosion and high-speed impact of a hydrogen storage device.

Abstract

This invention discloses a test system and method for detecting the damage caused by external explosion and high-speed impact on a hydrogen storage device. The output of a first booster pump is connected to the input of a second booster pump via a manifold. The output of the second booster pump is connected to one end of the test device, and the other end of the test device is connected to the top of a pressure relief tank via a pressure relief valve. The bottom of the pressure relief tank is connected to the input of the first booster pump via a low-pressure return pipe. Dynamic strain gauges are arranged on the surface of the test device. The test device is equipped with TNT explosives, a fragmentation cannon, a control cabinet, and a high-speed camera. A protective cover is built in front of the high-speed camera. This invention can test the dynamic response of a hydrogen storage device under weak and strong coupling effects of high-speed impact and external explosion loads. It can obtain verification data for predicting the disaster damage effect of a hydrogen storage device under weak and strong coupling effects of high-speed impact and external explosion loads, solving a function not achieved in existing technologies and filling a gap in the field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a system and method for testing the catastrophic damage of hydrogen storage devices, and more particularly to a system and method for testing the catastrophic damage of hydrogen storage devices based on external explosion and high-speed impact. Background Technology

[0002] As core equipment in hydrogen refueling stations and bottling plants, the inherently safe design of hydrogen storage devices based on combustion and explosion loads is a line of defense against hydrogen combustion and explosion accidents. Countries with well-developed hydrogen energy industries, such as Germany, the United States, and Japan, have successively developed single-layer seamless bottle-type, steel-lined carbon fiber circumferentially wound, and plastic-lined carbon fiber fully wound hydrogen storage containers. China has also made rapid progress in this area; for example, Zhejiang University has developed a hydrogen embrittlement-resistant, multi-layered, high-pressure hydrogen storage container, proposed a failure mode-based design method for hydrogen storage containers, and led the formulation of the first national standard for high-pressure hydrogen storage containers. To improve the safety of hydrogen storage devices, domestic and international research institutions have conducted research on the resistance to high-speed impacts and fire resistance of hydrogen storage devices, and the resulting international and national standards have also set requirements for the combustion and explosion resistance of hydrogen storage devices. However, the hydrogen refueling station explosions that have occurred in the United States, South Korea, Norway and other countries show that there is still a gap between the current level of technology and the requirements for the inherent safety of hydrogen storage devices. High-pressure hydrogen storage devices made of typical tough materials may still suffer catastrophic brittle failure under combustion and explosion loads. The load-bearing capacity and failure consequences of large hydrogen storage devices under combustion and explosion loads cannot be accurately predicted. The combustion and explosion failure mechanism of hydrogen storage devices is not yet fully understood, and the design methods lack consideration for their anti-combustion and explosion performance.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to conduct high-speed impact loading tests, external explosion loading tests, and combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading tests on hydrogen storage devices. Obtaining the failure modes and characteristics of hydrogen storage devices under weak and strong coupling effects of high-speed impact and external explosion loads will help enrich the safety design of hydrogen storage and hydrogen-containment devices, provide support for ensuring the safety of hydrogen storage and hydrogen-containment devices in applications such as hydrogen refueling stations and filling plants, and has important scientific value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a test system and method for the external explosion and high-speed impact-induced disaster damage of hydrogen storage devices.

[0005] The experimental system and method developed in this invention can conduct high-speed impact loading tests, external explosion loading tests, and combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading tests on hydrogen storage devices. On the one hand, it can test the dynamic response of hydrogen storage devices under weak and strong coupling of high-speed impact and external explosion loads, and conduct tests on the dynamic deformation and fracture process of hydrogen storage devices to obtain the failure modes and characteristics of hydrogen storage devices under weak and strong coupling of high-speed impact and external explosion loads. On the other hand, it can obtain verification data for predictive models of catastrophic damage effects of hydrogen storage devices under weak and strong coupling of high-speed impact and external explosion loads, thus providing data basis for the establishment and optimization of catastrophic damage effect prediction models of hydrogen storage devices under weak and strong coupling of high-speed impact and external explosion loads.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] I. A test system for damage caused by external explosion and high-speed impact of a hydrogen storage device:

[0008] The system includes a No. 1 booster pump, a manifold, a No. 2 booster pump, TNT explosives, dynamic strain gauges, a pressure relief valve, a pressure relief tank, a high-speed camera, a fragmentation cannon, and a low-pressure return pipe. The output of the No. 1 booster pump is connected to the input of the No. 2 booster pump via the manifold. The output of the No. 2 booster pump is connected to one end of the test device. The other end of the test device is connected to the top of the pressure relief tank via the pressure relief valve. The bottom of the pressure relief tank is connected to the input of the No. 1 booster pump via the low-pressure return pipe. Dynamic strain gauges are arranged on the surface of the test device. TNT explosives, a fragmentation cannon, and a high-speed camera are installed outside the test device. A protective cover is built in front of the high-speed camera.

[0009] The output end of the No. 2 booster pump and one end of the test device are connected by a high-pressure hose.

[0010] The other end of the test device is provided with an air vent, which is connected to an air vent valve and an air vent pipe.

[0011] Pressure gauges are installed on the test apparatus, pressure relief tank, full-load hydrogen cylinder group, and empty hydrogen cylinder group.

[0012] The manifold includes a one-way valve, a full-load hydrogen cylinder group, and an empty hydrogen cylinder group. The full-load hydrogen cylinder group and the empty hydrogen cylinder group are respectively composed of full-load hydrogen cylinders and empty hydrogen cylinders connected in sequence. The full-load hydrogen cylinder group and the empty hydrogen cylinder group are connected in parallel and then connected between the output end of the No. 1 booster pump and the input end of the No. 2 booster pump. Each end of the full-load hydrogen cylinder group and the empty hydrogen cylinder group is equipped with a one-way valve for unidirectional flow.

[0013] It also includes a control cabinet, dynamic strain gauges, high-speed cameras, and test equipment. Pressure gauges on the full-load and empty hydrogen cylinder groups in the manifold are all electrically connected to the input terminal of the control cabinet via data cables. The output terminal of the control cabinet is connected to the TNT explosive and the fragmentation cannon, respectively. At the same time, the output terminal of the control cabinet is connected to the No. 1 booster pump and the one-way valves at both ends, the No. 2 booster pump and the one-way valves at both ends, the one-way valve in the manifold, the vent valve, and the pressure relief valve, respectively.

[0014] The test device has multiple layers of flat steel strips wound at an angle to the circumference of the cylinder on the outer surface of the inner cylinder. The adjacent layers of steel strips are wound in opposite directions. The two ends of the steel strips are welded to hemispherical heads and reinforcing hoops. Two symmetrically arranged saddles are provided on both sides of the middle of the steel strips on the outer surface.

[0015] All hydrogen-related equipment described in the system is intrinsically safe, meaning it is designed according to intrinsically safe explosion-proof requirements, is specifically designed for hydrogen environments, and is compatible with hydrogen.

[0016] II. Test method for damage caused by external explosion and high-speed impact of hydrogen storage device, the method includes the following steps:

[0017] 1) Test using test apparatus S1

[0018] 1.1) The first high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the first test apparatus S1.

[0019] Mark the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile on the test device S1. A row of dynamic strain gauges is attached to both sides of the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile. The dynamic strain gauges are connected to the dynamic strain gauge inside the control cabinet through data cables.

[0020] The impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located on one side of the center of the front of the test device S1, and at a horizontal distance of 110mm from the nearest saddle. The two rows of dynamic strain gauges on both sides of the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile are arranged along a straight line passing through the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the tangential direction of the spiral wound steel strip in the test device S1. In each row of dynamic strain gauges, the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge closest to the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is 35mm.

[0021] Fragmentation simulation projectiles were loaded into the fragmentation launcher. The firing position of the fragmentation launcher was adjusted to be perpendicular to the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectile at a 90° angle and the firing speed was 600m / s-700m / s. The actual velocity of the fragments was recorded. At the same time, a high-speed camera was used to photograph the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectile and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device. The circumferential strain data of the test device S1 was recorded using a dynamic strain gauge.

[0022] After the launch is completed, remove the dynamic strain gauges attached to the test device S1, take photos of the deformation of the test device S1 after the test using a camera, and measure and record the axial / circumferential diameter of the impact hole, the impact buckling area and the indentation deflection at the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile.

[0023] 1.2) The second high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the first test apparatus S1.

[0024] The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.1), except that the firing velocity of the fragmentation cannon was 700m / s-800m / s, and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located on the other side of the center of the front of the test device S1, and at a horizontal distance of 110mm from the nearest saddle.

[0025] 1.3) An external explosive loading test was conducted using the first test apparatus S1.

[0026] Rotate the test device S1 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera. Attach dynamic strain gauges to the back and front of the test device S1. Specifically, place dynamic strain gauges at four intervals on the back, the center between the saddle and the reinforcing hoop on the front, the center between the two saddles on the front, the center of the top surface centerline between the two saddles, and four intervals on the bottom surface centerline between the two saddles. Place 4 kg of TNT explosive on the horizontal side of the center of the back of the test device S1, with the TNT explosive 10 mm away from the outermost surface layer of the test device S1.

[0027] TNT explosives were detonated, and a high-speed camera was used to record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device S1. A dynamic strain gauge was used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device S1.

[0028] After detonation, remove the dynamic strain gauges attached to the test device S1 and take photos of the deformation of the test device S1 after the test using a camera.

[0029] 2) Replace test device S1 with test device S2.

[0030] 2.1) The first high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the second test device S2.

[0031] The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.1), except that the firing velocity of the fragmentation cannon was 800m / s-900m / s;

[0032] 2.2) A second high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the second test apparatus S2.

[0033] The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.2), except that the firing velocity of the fragmentation cannon was 900m / s-1000m / s;

[0034] 2.3) An external explosive loading test was conducted using the second test apparatus S2.

[0035] The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.3), except that 5 kg of TNT explosives were placed.

[0036] 3) Replace test device S2 with test device S3.

[0037] 3.1) Combined loading tests of external explosion and high-speed impact were conducted using the third test device S3.

[0038] Mark the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile on the test device S3. The impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located at a horizontal distance of 110 mm from the center of the front of the test device S3.

[0039] Dynamic strain gauges are attached to the back and front of the test device S3. Dynamic strain gauges are arranged at four intervals on the center between the saddle and the reinforcing hoop on the back and front of the test device S3, at the center between the two saddles on the back of the test device S3, at the center of the top surface center line between the two saddles of the test device S3, and at four intervals on the bottom surface center line between the two saddles of the test device S3. A 5kg TNT explosive is placed horizontally on the center side of the front of the test device S3, with the TNT explosive 10mm away from the outer surface layer of the test device S3.

[0040] Fragmentation simulation projectiles were loaded into the fragmentation launcher. Simultaneously, the fragmentation launcher was fired at a 90° angle perpendicular to the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectiles at a firing velocity of 800 m / s-900 m / s, and TNT explosives were detonated. The actual velocity of the fragments was recorded. At the same time, a high-speed camera was used to photograph the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectiles and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device. A dynamic strain gauge was used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device in S3.

[0041] After the test is completed, remove the dynamic strain gauges attached to the test device S3 and take a photo of the deformation of the test device S3 after the test using a camera.

[0042] 3.2) High-speed impact loading test was conducted using the third test device S3.

[0043] Rotate the test device S3 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera. Mark the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile at the center of the back of the test device S3. The impact position of the armor-piercing projectile is located at the center of the back of the test device S3. Attach dynamic strain gauges to both sides of the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile. The two rows of dynamic strain gauges on both sides of the impact position are arranged along a straight line passing through the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the tangential direction of the spiral wound steel strip of the test device S3. In each row of dynamic strain gauges, the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge closest to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and the impact position is 35mm.

[0044] Armor-piercing projectiles were loaded into the fragmentation cannon. Simultaneously, the fragmentation cannon was positioned at a 90° angle perpendicular to the impact point of the armor-piercing projectiles and fired the projectiles. The actual velocity of the armor-piercing projectiles was recorded. At the same time, a high-speed camera was used to photograph the impact point of the armor-piercing projectiles and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device. A dynamic strain gauge was used to record the S3 circumferential strain data of the test device.

[0045] After launch, remove the dynamic strain gauges attached to the test device S3, take a photo of the penetration failure of the test device S3 after the test using a camera, and measure and record the axial / circumferential diameter of the impact hole, the impact buckling area and the indentation deflection.

[0046] 4) Replace test device S3 with test device L1.

[0047] 4.1) The first high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1.

[0048] The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.1), except that the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located on one side of the center of the front of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle.

[0049] 4.2) The second high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1.

[0050] The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.2), except that the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located on the other side of the center of the front of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle.

[0051] 4.3) The first combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1.

[0052] The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 3.1), except that the firing velocity of the fragmentation cannon was 700m / s-800m / s, and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located 110mm away horizontally from one side of the center of the front of the test device S1, with 4kg of TNT explosive placed there.

[0053] Dynamic strain gauges are attached to the back and front of the test device L1. Dynamic strain gauges are also placed at three intervals on the center of the saddles on the back of the test device L1, on the symmetrical sides, on the center line of the top surface between the two saddles of the test device L1, and on the center line of the bottom surface between the two saddles of the test device L1.

[0054] 4.4) The third high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1.

[0055] Rotate the test device L1 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera. The test is conducted in the same way as in step 1.1), except that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon is 800m / s-900m / s, and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located on one side of the center of the back of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle.

[0056] 4.5) The second combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1.

[0057] Keep the test device L1 horizontally rotated 180° and conduct the test in the same way as in step 3.1). The difference is that the firing velocity of the fragmentation cannon is 800m / s-900m / s, and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located 10mm away horizontally from the center of the back of the test device S1. Place 5kg of TNT explosive.

[0058] Dynamic strain gauges are attached to the back and front of the test device L1. Dynamic strain gauges are also placed at three intervals on the center of the saddles on the front of the test device L1, at the symmetrical sides, at the center line of the top surface between the two saddles of the test device S3, and at three intervals on the center line of the bottom surface between the saddles of the test device L1.

[0059] 4.6) High-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1.

[0060] Keep the test device L1 horizontally rotated 180° and conduct the test in the same way as in step 3.2), except that the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile is located on the other side of the center of the back of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle.

[0061] A row of dynamic strain gauges is attached to both sides of the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile. The two rows of dynamic strain gauges on both sides of the impact position are arranged along a straight line passing through the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the tangential direction of the spiral wound steel strip in the test device L1. In each row of dynamic strain gauges, the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge closest to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile is 35mm.

[0062] The test devices S1 to S3 are all 50L test devices, and the test device L1 is a 500L test device.

[0063] In the high-speed impact loading test, the bullets loaded in the fragmentation cannon were of only two types: one was a fragmentation simulation bullet, and the other was an armor-piercing bullet.

[0064] If the current test device is severely damaged in each of the test results in steps 1.1), 1.2), 2.1), 2.2), 3.1), 4.1) to 4.5), then the subsequent tests of the current test device shall be stopped.

[0065] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0066] Existing national and industry standards do not clearly define the design methods for hydrogen storage and hydrogen-containing devices based on combustion and explosion failure modes. Existing design methods only consider low strain rate static loads such as constant internal pressure or alternating loads, while treating combustion and explosion loads as accidental loads and ignoring them. This will lead to an increased risk and hazard of combustion and explosion failure in hydrogen storage devices.

[0067] To address the current lack of clarity regarding the combustion and explosion failure mechanisms of hydrogen storage and hydrogen-related devices, and the absence of inherently safe design methods for explosion resistance, this invention enables the conduct of high-speed impact loading tests, external explosion loading tests, and combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading tests on hydrogen storage devices. On one hand, it allows for testing the dynamic response of hydrogen storage devices under weak and strong coupling of high-speed impact and external explosion loads, observing the dynamic deformation and fracture processes of the devices, and obtaining the failure modes and characteristics of hydrogen storage devices under these conditions. On the other hand, it provides validation data for predictive models of catastrophic damage effects of hydrogen storage devices under these conditions, thus providing data support for the establishment and optimization of such predictive models.

[0068] This invention can be used to enrich the safety design of hydrogen storage and hydrogen-contaminated equipment, providing support for ensuring the safety of hydrogen storage and hydrogen-contaminated equipment applications such as hydrogen refueling stations and filling plants, and has significant scientific value. At the same time, the application of related research results helps to strengthen the inherent safety protection level of hydrogen-related equipment, effectively reduce the probability of accidents, and ensure safe operation throughout its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the hit position of the high-speed impact loading test of the 50L test device S1 of this invention;

[0071] Figure 3This is a diagram showing the arrangement of dynamic strain gauges for the high-speed impact loading test of the 50L test apparatus S1 of this invention.

[0072] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of dynamic strain gauges for the external explosive loading test of the 50L test apparatus S1 of this invention.

[0073] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the placement of TNT explosives in the external explosive loading test of the 50L test apparatus S1 of this invention;

[0074] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the placement of the S3 TNT explosive in the 50L test apparatus of this invention, as well as the impact positions of the fragmentation simulated projectile and the armor-piercing projectile.

[0075] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of dynamic strain gauges in the combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading test of the S3 external explosion device of the 50L test apparatus of this invention.

[0076] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the placement of the L1 TNT explosive in the 500L test apparatus of this invention, as well as the impact positions of the fragmentation simulated projectile and the armor-piercing projectile.

[0077] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of dynamic strain gauges for the high-speed impact loading test of the L1 high-speed impact loading device of the present invention.

[0078] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of dynamic strain gauges in the L1 external explosion and high-speed impact combined loading test of the 500L test device of this invention.

[0079] In the diagram: solid lines - pipelines; dashed lines - data cables;

[0080] In the diagram: No. 1 booster pump (1), manifold (2), check valve (3), full-load hydrogen cylinder group (4), data cable (5), No. 2 booster pump (6), high-pressure hose (7), test device (8), steel plate foundation (9), TNT explosive (10), dynamic strain gauge (11), vent pipe (12), vent valve (13), pressure relief valve (14), pressure gauge (15), pressure relief tank (16), high-speed camera (17), protective cover (18), fragmentation cannon (19), low-pressure return pipe (20), control cabinet (21), empty hydrogen cylinder group (22). Detailed Implementation

[0081] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0082] like Figure 1As shown, the device includes a No. 1 booster pump 1, a manifold 2, a No. 2 booster pump 6, a test device 8, TNT explosive 10, a dynamic strain gauge 11, a pressure relief valve 14, a pressure relief tank 16, a high-speed camera 17, a fragmentation cannon 19, and a low-pressure return pipe 20. The output end of the No. 1 booster pump 1 is connected to the input end of the No. 2 booster pump 6 via the manifold 2. The output end of the No. 2 booster pump 6 is connected to one end of the test device 8. The test device 8 is placed on a steel plate foundation 9. The other end of the test device 8 is connected to the top of the pressure relief tank 16 via the pressure relief valve 14. The bottom of the pressure relief tank 16 is connected to the input end of the No. 1 booster pump 1 via the low-pressure return pipe 20.

[0083] The test device 8 is equipped with dynamic strain gauges 11 on its surface. Outside the test device 8 are TNT explosives 10, a fragmentation cannon 19, and a high-speed camera 17. A protective cover 18 is built in front of the high-speed camera 17. The test device 8 is a hydrogen storage device.

[0084] The output end of booster pump 6 and the input end of test device 8 are connected by high-pressure hose 7. All other pipelines use low-pressure return pipes 20.

[0085] An vent is provided at the top of the other end of the test device 8, and the vent is connected to the vent valve 13 and the vent pipe 12. Pressure gauges 15 are installed on both the test device 8 and the pressure relief tank 16.

[0086] In practice, both ends of booster pump 1 and booster pump 6 are equipped with one-way valves 3 for unidirectional flow.

[0087] The manifold 2 includes a one-way valve 3, a full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4, and an empty hydrogen cylinder group 22. The full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 and the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 are respectively composed of full-load hydrogen cylinders and empty hydrogen cylinders connected in sequence. The full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 and the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 are connected in parallel and then connected between the output end of the first booster pump 1 and the input end of the second booster pump 6. Both ends of the full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 and the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 are equipped with a one-way valve 3 for one-way flow.

[0088] During operation, either the fully loaded hydrogen cylinder group 4 or the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 can be used.

[0089] It also includes a control cabinet 21, dynamic strain gauges 11, high-speed camera 17, test device 8, and pressure relief tank 16. The pressure gauges on the full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 and empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 in the manifold 2 are all electrically connected to the input terminal of the control cabinet 21 via data cable 5. The output terminal of the control cabinet 21 is connected to TNT explosive 10 and fragmentation cannon 19, respectively. At the same time, the output terminal of the control cabinet 21 is connected to the first booster pump 1 and its one-way valves 3 at both ends, the second booster pump 6 and its one-way valves 3 at both ends, the one-way valve 3 in the manifold 2, the vent valve 13, and the pressure relief valve 14, respectively.

[0090] Specifically, the output end of manifold 2 is connected to a check valve, and the second booster pump 6 is connected after the check valve. The second booster pump 6 is connected to a check valve and then to the input end of the test device 8. The output end of the test device 8 is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the vent valve 13 and externally connected to the vent pipe 12. The other path is connected in sequence to the pressure relief valve 14 and the pressure relief tank 16. The pressure relief tank 16 is connected to the check valve through the low-pressure return pipe 20. The first booster pump 1 is connected after the check valve. The first booster pump 1 is connected to another check valve and then to the input end of manifold 2, thus forming a loop.

[0091] In practice, a high-speed camera 17 is positioned within a 30-60° azimuth and an effective distance of 20-50m on each side of the test device 8. TNT explosive 10 is positioned close to the test device 8, and a fragmentation cannon 19 is positioned 20-50m directly in front of the test device 8. The dynamic strain gauges 11 attached to the test device 8 are connected to the control cabinet 21 via data cable 5.

[0092] The above system mainly consists of a pressure-pressurizing module composed of a No. 1 booster pump 1, a manifold 2, a No. 2 booster pump 6, a high-pressure hose 7, a pressure relief tank 16, and a low-pressure return pipe 20; a loading module mainly consists of a test device 8, TNT explosive 10, and a fragmentation launcher 19, which performs high-speed impact loading, external explosion loading, and combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading; a process camera module mainly consists of a high-speed camera 17 and a protective cover 18; and a dynamic strain measurement module mainly consists of a dynamic strain gauge 11 and a dynamic strain meter built into the control cabinet 21.

[0093] In the pressurization module, the full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 in manifold 2 outputs hydrogen through the high-pressure output of the manifold. After being pressurized a second time by the second booster pump 6, hydrogen is injected into the test device 8 until the required filling pressure is reached. After the test device 8 is pressurized for a period of time, if the pressure gauge reading is normal, the pipelines at both ends of the test device 8 are disconnected. After the corresponding test device 8 completes the test, the hydrogen in the test device 8 can be released directly through the vent valve 13 or discharged into the pressure relief tank 16 through the pressure relief valve 14, depending on the damage to the device. The gas in the pressure relief tank 16 is then pressurized by the first booster pump 1 and then pumped into the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 through manifold 2 for recycling. When the hydrogen in the full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 is exhausted, the opening and closing of the one-way valve in the manifold 2 is adjusted to allow the empty hydrogen cylinder group 2 and the full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 to switch functions.

[0094] Control cabinet 21 integrates a dynamic strain gauge display screen, a high-speed camera display screen, a pressure gauge display screen, start / stop buttons for booster pump 1 and booster pump 2, one-way valve open / close buttons, vent valve open / close buttons, pressure relief valve open / close buttons, TNT detonator button, and fragmentation cannon firing button. Control cabinet 21 has two functions: data acquisition and command issuance.

[0095] The first branch of control cabinet 21 is connected to dynamic strain gauge 11, high-speed camera 17 and pressure gauge 15 via data cable 5; the second branch of control cabinet 21 is connected to booster pump 1, booster pump 6, check valve 3, vent valve 13 and pressure relief valve 14 via data cable 5; the third branch of control cabinet 21 is connected to TNT explosive 10 and fragmentation launcher 19 via data cable 5.

[0096] The hydrogen-related equipment, including booster pump 1, booster pump 6, check valve 3, vent valve 13, pressure relief valve 14, pressure relief tank 16, high-pressure hose 7, and low-pressure return pipe 20, are all specifically designed for hydrogen environments.

[0097] The outer surface of the inner cylinder of the test device 8 is wrapped with multiple layers of flat steel strips at an angle to the circumference of the cylinder. The adjacent layers of steel strips are wound in opposite directions. The two ends of the steel strips are welded to hemispherical heads and reinforcing hoops. Two saddles are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle of the steel strips on the outer surface.

[0098] All 8 test devices are steel strip-wound pressure vessels, with steel strips wound around the outer surface of the inner cylinder, which have the inherent safety features of interlayer crack arrest and leakage before explosion.

[0099] Different loading modes can be set by loading modules, which are divided into the following three types:

[0100] High-speed impact loading: The test device 8 is subjected to high-speed impact loading by firing a fragmentation simulated projectile from the fragmentation launcher 19. The fragmentation simulated projectile has a mass of 9.8g and is fired at the test device 8 at a 90° angle. The impact velocity of the fragmentation simulated projectile is 600m / s-1000m / s. The test device 8 is subjected to penetration loading by firing an armor-piercing projectile from the fragmentation launcher 19.

[0101] External explosive loading: TNT explosive 10 was used to achieve explosive loading on test device 8, where the TNT equivalent range was 4kg-5kg.

[0102] Combined loading of external explosion and high-speed impact: The test device 8 is subjected to high-speed impact loading by using a fragmentation gun 19 to fire a fragmentation simulation projectile. At the same time, TNT explosive 10 is also used to achieve explosive loading of the test device 8. The TNT equivalent range is 4kg-5kg. The velocity of the fragmentation simulation projectile and the TNT equivalent are gradually increased. The impact velocity of the fragmentation simulation projectile is 700m / s-900m / s.

[0103] In the loading module, under three different loading modes (high-speed impact loading, external explosion loading, and combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading), dynamic strain gauges 11 are attached to the corresponding positions on both sides of the calibrated impact position of the test device 8 or on the back and front of the test device. The signals of the dynamic strain gauges 11 are measured and recorded by a dynamic strain meter to obtain the circumferential strain of the test device 8.

[0104] During the test, the high-speed camera 17 is used to film the impact process and dynamically record the real state of the test device when it is damaged. With the help of corresponding motion analysis software, the data collected by the two high-speed cameras working simultaneously can be correlated and analyzed to calculate motion parameters such as displacement, velocity and acceleration.

[0105] The specific testing process of a single testing device S1 of the present invention is as follows:

[0106] At the start of the test, the test device S1 was transported to the designated steel plate foundation 9 and fixed with anchor bolts.

[0107] pipelines Figure 1 First, check whether the values ​​displayed on the pressure gauges connected to the control cabinet 21 are constant. Then, by operating the corresponding buttons on the control cabinet 21, open the one-way valves on the right side of the full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 and both sides of the No. 2 booster pump 6. The hydrogen in the full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 is output under high pressure through the manifold 2, and after being pressurized twice by the No. 2 booster pump 6, it is forced into the test device 8.

[0108] When the pressure inside the test device 8 reaches the required filling pressure, close the one-way valves on the right side of the fully loaded hydrogen cylinder group 4 and on both sides of the No. 2 booster pump 6. After the test device 8 maintains pressure for a period of time, if the pressure gauge readings are normal, disconnect the pipelines at both ends of the test device 8. Debug the high-speed camera 17 and check whether the image transmission quality is good.

[0109] The loading module is divided into three loading modes: high-speed impact loading, external explosion loading, and combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading. The various loading modes are actually very similar, so only high-speed impact loading is used as an example here.

[0110] First, mark the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectile on the test device 8. Attach dynamic strain gauges 11 to the designated positions on the test device 8. The dynamic strain gauges 11 are connected to the dynamic strain gauge built into the control cabinet 21 via data cable 5. Load the fragmentation simulation projectile and adjust the firing position of the fragmentation launcher 19 so that it is perpendicularly facing the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectile on the test device 8 at a 90° angle. Activate the fragmentation launcher 19. After the fragmentation simulation projectile hits the impact position, wait 5 minutes before entering the test point to check. Depending on the damage condition of the test device 8, there are two options: if the damage is severe, open the vent valve 13 to accelerate the exhaust of hydrogen from the test device 8, thus completing the test mission; if there is only minor damage that does not affect subsequent tests, continue the test until all the predetermined test tasks of the test device are completed. It should be added that the above-mentioned serious damage situation specifically refers to the following: after the test device 8 completes the single loading test, it needs to be pressure-held for a period of time. During this pressure-holding stage, the pressure gauge 15 configured on the test device 8 is observed through the pressure gauge display on the control cabinet 21 to see if there is any fluctuation. If there is a fluctuation greater than the threshold, the test device 8 is judged to be seriously damaged.

[0111] To continue the experiment, we need to complete all three loading modes.

[0112] When the original loading plan of the test device 8 is completed, and the test device 8 still only has minor damage, at this time, connect the low pressure return pipe 20 to the right end of the test device 8, open the pressure relief valve 14, the No. 1 booster pump 1, the one-way valves on both sides of the No. 1 booster pump 1, and the one-way valve on the left side of the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22. After the hydrogen in the test device 8 is completely pressed into the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 through the pressure relief valve 14, the pressure relief tank 16, and the No. 1 booster pump 1, close the pressure relief valve 14, the No. 1 booster pump 1, the one-way valves on both sides of the No. 1 booster pump 1, and the one-way valve on the left side of the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22.

[0113] When pressurizing the next test device 8, the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 is filled with hydrogen, while the full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 is empty. The functions of the original empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 and full-load hydrogen cylinder group 4 are interchanged.

[0114] If the hydrogen in a test device 8 is severely damaged and leaks out, making it impossible for the hydrogen to flow back into it, the original empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 can be manually replaced with a full hydrogen cylinder group 4. The hydrogen in the original full hydrogen cylinder group 4 has been emptied, and at this time, the empty hydrogen cylinder group 22 and the full hydrogen cylinder group 4 can also achieve the purpose of functional interchangeability.

[0115] The following section provides a detailed explanation of the different loading methods for modules.

[0116] In the specific implementation of the loading module, the test device 8 is divided into two types: a 50L test device and a 500L test device. In the specific implementation, there are a total of 4 test devices, including 3 50L test devices and 1 500L test device. For ease of description and distinction, the 3 50L test devices are numbered S1, S2, and S3 respectively, and the 1 500L test device is numbered L1.

[0117] The 50L test apparatus S1-S3 has the following structure: 10 layers of flat steel strips are staggered around the outer surface of the inner cylinder. The steel strips are at a certain angle to the cylinder in the circumferential direction. The adjacent layers of steel strips are wound in opposite directions. The two ends of each layer of steel strips are welded to a hemispherical end cap and a reinforcing hoop.

[0118] The L1 structure of the 500L test device is as follows: 14 layers of flat steel strips are staggered around the outer surface of the inner cylinder. The steel strips are at a certain angle to the cylinder in the circumferential direction. The adjacent layers of steel strips are wound in opposite directions. The two ends of each layer of steel strips are welded to a hemispherical end cap and a reinforcing hoop.

[0119] The overall working process of this invention for testing hydrogen storage devices under external explosion and high-speed impact damage is as follows:

[0120] 1) Test apparatus S1

[0121] 1.1) High-speed impact loading test at 600m / s-700m / s using test apparatus S1

[0122] Mark the impact location of the first fragmentation simulated projectile on the test apparatus S1 (see...). Figure 2 (Hit point A). Specifically: The impact point of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located on one side of the center of the front of the test device S1, and at a horizontal distance of 110mm from the nearest saddle;

[0123] Dynamic strain gauges were placed on the experimental setup S1 near the impact location of the first fragmentation simulated projectile (see...). Figure 3 Specifically: Two rows of dynamic strain gauges 11 on both sides of the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile are arranged along a straight line passing through the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the tangential direction of the spiral wound steel strip in the test device S1; in each row of dynamic strain gauges 11, the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges 11 is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge 11 closest to the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is 35mm;

[0124] Load the fragmentation firing cannon 19 with a fragmentation simulation projectile, adjust the firing position of the fragmentation firing cannon 19 so that it is perpendicular to the first fragmentation simulation projectile impact position of the firing test device 8 at a 90° angle, i.e., the hit position A, and set the firing speed to 600m / s-700m / s.

[0125] Adjust the distance and shooting angle of the high-speed camera to prepare for filming the impact position of the first fragmentation simulated projectile in the test device 8. The fragmentation launcher 19 fires the fragmentation simulated projectile and records the actual velocity of the fragments. At the same time, the high-speed camera 17 is used to film and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device 8, and the dynamic strain gauge is used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device S1.

[0126] After the launch, personnel should wait 5 minutes before entering the test site, remove the dynamic strain gauges 11 attached to the test device S1, take photos of the deformation of the test device S1 after the test, and measure and record the axial / circumferential diameter of the impact hole, the impact buckling area and the indentation deflection at the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile.

[0127] If the test device S1 is severely damaged after this test, then all subsequent tests on the test device S1 shall be stopped.

[0128] 1.2) High-speed impact loading test at 700m / s-800m / s using test apparatus S1

[0129] Mark the second impact location of the fragmentation simulated projectile on the test device S1 (see...). Figure 2 (Middle hit position B).

[0130] Dynamic strain gauges were placed on the test apparatus S1 near the impact location of the second fragmentation simulated projectile (see...). Figure 3 ).

[0131] The firing velocity of the fragmentation cannon 19 is set to 700m / s-800m / s. The remaining steps are the same as in step 1.1) for the test device S1 600m / s-700m / s high-speed impact loading test.

[0132] If the test device S1 is severely damaged after this test, then all subsequent tests on the test device S1 shall be stopped.

[0133] 1.3) 4kg TNT external explosive loading test of test apparatus S1

[0134] Rotate the test device S1 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera 17;

[0135] Dynamic strain gauges 11 were attached to the back and front of the test apparatus S1 (see...). Figure 4 Specifically: Dynamic strain gauges 11 are arranged at four intervals on the back of the test device S1, at the center between the saddle and the reinforcing hoop on the front, at the center between the two saddles on the front of the test device S1, at the center on the top center line between the two saddles of the test device S1, and at four intervals on the bottom center line between the two saddles of the test device S1.

[0136] A 4kg TNT explosive charge 10 was placed horizontally to the center of the back of the test apparatus S1 (see...). Figure 5 Specifically: the TNT explosive 10 is 10mm away from the outermost surface layer of the test device S1;

[0137] TNT explosive 10 is detonated, and high-speed camera 17 is used to record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of test device S1. Dynamic strain gauge is used to record the circumferential strain data of test device S1.

[0138] After detonation, wait 5 minutes before allowing test personnel to enter the test site, remove the dynamic strain gauges 11 attached to the test device S1, and take photos of the deformation of the test device S1 after the test using a camera.

[0139] 2) Replace test device S1 with test device S2.

[0140] 2.1) High-speed impact loading test at 800m / s-900m / s using test apparatus S2

[0141] The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.1), except that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon (19) was 800m / s-900m / s;

[0142] 2.2) High-speed impact loading test at 900m / s-1000m / s using test apparatus S2

[0143] The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.2), except that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon (19) was 900m / s-1000m / s;

[0144] 2.3) 5kg TNT external explosive loading test of test apparatus S2

[0145] The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.3), except that 5 kg of TNT explosive (10) was placed.

[0146] If the test device S2 is severely damaged in either of the two tests, then the subsequent tests on the test device S2 shall be stopped.

[0147] 3) Replace test device S2 with test device S3.

[0148] 3.1) Combined loading test of 5kg TNT with external explosion and high-speed impact at speeds of 800m / s-900m / s using test apparatus S3

[0149] Mark the impact points of the fragmentation simulated projectile on the test apparatus S3 (see...). Figure 6 -a). Specifically: the impact point of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located 110 mm horizontally from one side of the center of the front of the test device S3;

[0150] 5 kg of TNT explosive 10 was placed horizontally to the center of the front of the test apparatus S3 (see...). Figure 6 -a). Specifically: TNT explosive 10 is 10mm away from the outer surface layer of the test device S3;

[0151] Dynamic strain gauges 11 were attached to the back and front of the test apparatus S3 (see...). Figure 7 Specifically: Dynamic strain gauges 11 are arranged at four intervals on the back and front of the test device S3, at the center between the saddle and the reinforcing hoop, at the center between the two saddles on the back of the test device S3, at the center on the top center line between the two saddles of the test device S3, and at four intervals on the bottom center line between the two saddles of the test device S3.

[0152] Fragmentation simulation projectiles are loaded into the fragmentation launcher 19. Simultaneously, the fragmentation launcher 19 fires the fragmentation simulation projectiles at a 90° angle perpendicular to the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectiles at a firing velocity of 800m / s-900m / s and detonates the TNT explosive 10. The actual velocity of the fragments is recorded. At the same time, a high-speed camera 17 is used to photograph the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectiles and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device 8. A dynamic strain gauge is used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device S3.

[0153] After the test is completed, wait 5 minutes before allowing the test personnel to enter the test site, remove the dynamic strain gauge 11 attached to the test device S3, and use a camera to take a picture of the deformation of the test device S3 after the test.

[0154] If the test device S3 is severely damaged after this test, then all subsequent tests on the test device S3 shall be stopped.

[0155] 3.2) High-speed impact loading test of armor-piercing projectiles in test apparatus S3

[0156] Rotate the test device S3 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera 17;

[0157] Mark the impact point of the armor-piercing projectile at the center of the back of the test device S3 (see...). Figure 6 Specifically: the impact point of the armor-piercing projectile was located at the center of the back of the test device S3;

[0158] Dynamic strain gauges 11 were attached to both sides of the impact point of the armor-piercing projectile (see...). Figure 3 Specifically: the two rows of dynamic strain gauges 11 on both sides of the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile are arranged along a straight line passing through the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the helical tangent of the steel strip wound by the test device S3; in each row of dynamic strain gauges 11, the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges 11 is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge 11 closest to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile is 35mm;

[0159] Armor-piercing projectiles are loaded into the fragmentation cannon 19. At the same time, the fragmentation cannon 19 is positioned at a 90° angle perpendicular to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and fires the projectile. The actual velocity of the armor-piercing projectile is recorded. Meanwhile, a high-speed camera 17 is used to photograph the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device 8. A dynamic strain gauge is used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device S3.

[0160] After the launch is completed, the test personnel should wait 5 minutes before entering the test site, remove the dynamic strain gauge 11 pasted on the test device S3, take a photo of the penetration failure of the test device S3 after the test, and measure and record the axial / circumferential diameter of the impact hole, the impact buckling area and the indentation deflection.

[0161] 4) Replace test device S3 with test device L1.

[0162] Since the tests to be conducted by test device L1 are basically the same as those of test device S1, they will not be described in detail here; only the differences will be introduced. Test device L1 needs to conduct six tests, namely, 600m / s-700m / s high-speed impact loading test, 700m / s-800m / s high-speed impact loading test, 4kgTNT-700m / s-800m / s external explosion and high-speed impact combined loading test, 800m / s-900m / s high-speed impact loading test, 5kgTNT-800m / s-900m / s external explosion and high-speed impact combined loading test, and armor-piercing projectile high-speed impact loading test.

[0163] 4.1) Test Apparatus L1 600m / s-700m / s High-Speed ​​Impact Loading Test

[0164] Mark the impact location of the first fragmentation simulated projectile on test device L1 (see...). Figure 8 -a Impact location A). Specifically: The impact location of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located on one side of the center of the front of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle;

[0165] Dynamic strain gauge 11 was placed on the test apparatus L1 near the impact location of the first fragmentation simulated projectile (see...). Figure 9 );

[0166] The firing velocity of the fragmentation gun is set to 600m / s-700m / s. The remaining steps are the same as in step 1.1) Test device S1 600m / s-700m / s high-speed impact loading test;

[0167] If the test device L1 is severely damaged after this test, then all subsequent tests on the test device L1 shall be stopped.

[0168] 4.2) Test Apparatus L1 700m / s-800m / s High-Speed ​​Impact Loading Test

[0169] Mark the second impact location of the fragmentation simulated projectile on test device L1 (see...). Figure 8 -a Impact location B). Specifically: The impact location of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located on the other side of the center of the front of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle;

[0170] A dynamic strain gauge 11 was placed on the test apparatus L1 near the impact location of the second fragmentation simulated projectile (see...). Figure 9 );

[0171] The firing velocity of the fragmentation cannon is set to 700m / s-800m / s. The remaining steps are the same as in step 1.2). Test device S1: 700m / s-800m / s high-speed impact loading test;

[0172] If the test device L1 is severely damaged after this test, then all subsequent tests on the test device L1 shall be stopped.

[0173] 4.3) Test Apparatus L1: Combined Loading Test of 4kg TNT - 700m / s - 800m / s External Explosion and High-Speed ​​Impact

[0174] Mark the impact points of the fragmentation simulated projectile on the test apparatus L1 (see...). Figure 8 -a Impact location E). Specifically: The impact location of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located 110mm horizontally to one side of the center of the front of the test device L1;

[0175] 4 kg of TNT explosive 10 was placed horizontally to the center of the front of the test apparatus L1 (see...). Figure 8 -a). Specifically: TNT explosive 10 is 10mm away from the outer surface layer of the test device L1;

[0176] Dynamic strain gauges 11 were attached to the back and front of the test apparatus L1 (see...). Figure 10 Specifically: Dynamic strain gauges 11 are arranged at three intervals on the center of the saddles on the back of the test device L1, at the symmetrical sides, at the center line of the top surface between the two saddles of the test device L1, and at three intervals on the center line of the bottom surface between the two saddles of the test device L1.

[0177] Fragmentation simulation projectiles are loaded into the fragmentation launcher 19. Simultaneously, the fragmentation launcher 19 fires the fragmentation simulation projectiles at a 90° angle perpendicular to the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectiles at a firing velocity of 800m / s-900m / s and detonates the TNT explosive 10. The actual velocity of the fragments is recorded. At the same time, a high-speed camera 17 is used to photograph the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectiles and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device 8. A dynamic strain gauge is used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device L1.

[0178] After the test is completed, wait 5 minutes before allowing the test personnel to enter the test site, remove the dynamic strain gauges 11 attached to the test device L1, and use a camera to take photos of the deformation of the test device L1 after the test.

[0179] If the test device L1 is severely damaged after this test, then all subsequent tests on the test device L1 shall be stopped.

[0180] 4.4) Test Apparatus L1 800m / s-900m / s High-Speed ​​Impact Loading Test

[0181] Rotate the test device L1 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera 17;

[0182] Mark the third impact location of the fragmentation simulated projectile on test device L1 (see...). Figure 8-b Impact Location C). Specifically: The impact location of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located on the opposite side of the center of the back of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle;

[0183] A dynamic strain gauge 11 was placed on the test apparatus L1 near the impact location of the third fragmentation simulated projectile (see...). Figure 9 );

[0184] The firing velocity of the fragmentation gun is set to 800m / s-900m / s. The remaining steps are the same as in step 1.1) Test device S1600m / s-700m / s high-speed impact loading test;

[0185] If the test device L1 is severely damaged after this test, then all subsequent tests on the test device L1 shall be stopped.

[0186] 4.5) Test Apparatus L1: Combined Loading Test of 5kg TNT - 800m / s - 900m / s External Explosion and High-Speed ​​Impact

[0187] Keep the test apparatus L1 rotated horizontally by 180°;

[0188] Mark the impact points of the fragmentation simulated projectile on the test apparatus L1 (see...). Figure 8 -b Impact Location F). Specifically: The impact location of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located 110mm horizontally from one side of the center of the back of the test device L1;

[0189] 5 kg of TNT explosive 10 was placed horizontally to the center of the back of the test apparatus L1 (see...). Figure 8 -b);

[0190] Dynamic strain gauges 11 were attached to the back and front of the test apparatus L1 (see...). Figure 10 Specifically: Dynamic strain gauges 11 are arranged at three intervals on the center of the saddles on the front of the test device L1, on both sides symmetrically, on the center line of the top surface between the two saddles of the test device L1, and on the center line of the bottom surface between the two saddles of the test device L1.

[0191] The firing velocity of the fragmentation gun is set to 800m / s-900m / s. The remaining steps are the same as in step 4.3). The test device is subjected to a combined loading of 14kg TNT at 700m / s-800m / s.

[0192] If the test device L1 is severely damaged after this test, then all subsequent tests on the test device L1 shall be stopped.

[0193] 4.6) Test Apparatus L1: High-Speed ​​Impact Loading Test of Armor-Piercing Projectile

[0194] Keep the test apparatus L1 rotated horizontally by 180°;

[0195] Mark the impact point of the armor-piercing projectile at the center of the back of the test device L1 (see...). Figure 8 -b Impact location D). Specifically: The impact point of the armor-piercing projectile was located on the opposite side of the center of the back of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle;

[0196] Dynamic strain gauges 11 were attached to both sides of the impact point of the armor-piercing projectile (see...). Figure 9 Specifically: the two rows of dynamic strain gauges 11 on both sides of the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile are arranged along a straight line passing through the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the helical tangent of the steel strip wound by the test device L1; in each row of dynamic strain gauges 11, the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges 11 is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge 11 closest to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile is 35mm;

[0197] Armor-piercing projectiles are loaded into the fragmentation cannon 19. At the same time, the fragmentation cannon 19 is perpendicular to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile at a 90° angle and fires the armor-piercing projectile. The actual velocity of the armor-piercing projectile is recorded. At the same time, a high-speed camera 17 is used to photograph the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device 8. A dynamic strain gauge is used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device L1.

[0198] After the launch is completed, wait 5 minutes before allowing test personnel to enter the test site, remove the dynamic strain gauges 11 attached to the test device L1, take a photo of the penetration failure of the test device L1 after the test, and measure and record the axial / circumferential diameter of the impact hole, the impact buckling area and the indentation deflection.

[0199] The above provides a detailed description of the test system and method for testing the external explosion and high-speed impact damage of a hydrogen storage device provided by this invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A test system for the external explosion and high-speed impact-induced damage of a hydrogen storage device, characterized in that, The device includes a No. 1 booster pump (1), a manifold (2), a No. 2 booster pump (6), TNT explosive (10), a dynamic strain gauge (11), a pressure relief valve (14), a pressure relief tank (16), a high-speed camera (17), a fragmentation cannon (19), and a low-pressure return pipe (20). The output end of the No. 1 booster pump (1) is connected to the input end of the No. 2 booster pump (6) via the manifold (2), and the output end of the No. 2 booster pump (6) is connected to one end of the test device (8). The other end of the test device (8) is connected to the top of the pressure relief valve (14) and the pressure relief tank (16). The bottom of the pressure relief tank (16) is connected to the input end of the No. 1 booster pump (1) via the low-pressure return pipe (20). Dynamic strain gauges (11) are arranged on the surface of the test device (8). TNT explosives (10), fragmentation cannons (19) and high-speed cameras (17) are provided outside the test device (8). A protective cover (18) is built in front of the high-speed camera (17). The manifold (2) includes a check valve (3), a full-load hydrogen cylinder group (4), and an empty hydrogen cylinder group (22). The full-load hydrogen cylinder group (4) and the empty hydrogen cylinder group (22) are respectively composed of full-load hydrogen cylinders and empty hydrogen cylinders connected in sequence. The full-load hydrogen cylinder group (4) and the empty hydrogen cylinder group (22) are connected in parallel and then connected between the output end of the first booster pump (1) and the input end of the second booster pump (6). Both ends of the full-load hydrogen cylinder group (4) and the empty hydrogen cylinder group (22) are equipped with a check valve (3) for unidirectional flow.

2. The hydrogen storage device explosion and high-speed impact damage test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the second booster pump (6) and one end of the test device (8) are connected by a high-pressure hose (7).

3. The hydrogen storage device explosion and high-speed impact damage test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test device (8) is provided with an air vent at the top of the other end, and the air vent is connected to the air vent valve (13) and the air vent pipe (12).

4. The hydrogen storage device explosion and high-speed impact damage test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pressure gauges (15) are installed on the test device (8), pressure relief tank (16), full-load hydrogen cylinder group (4) and empty hydrogen cylinder group (22).

5. The hydrogen storage device explosion and high-speed impact damage test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control cabinet (21), dynamic strain gauges (11), high-speed camera (17), and test device (8), pressure relief tank (16), pressure gauges (15) on the full-load hydrogen cylinder group (4) and empty hydrogen cylinder group (22) in the manifold (2), all of which are electrically connected to the input end of the control cabinet (21) via data lines (5). The output end of the control cabinet (21) is connected to TNT explosive (10) and fragmentation cannon (19) respectively. At the same time, the output end of the control cabinet (21) is connected to the first booster pump (1) and its one-way valves (3) at both ends, the second booster pump (6) and its one-way valves (3) at both ends, the one-way valve (3) in the manifold (2), the vent valve (13) and the pressure relief valve (14) respectively.

6. The hydrogen storage device explosion and high-speed impact damage test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test device (8) has multiple layers of flat steel strips that are angled to the circumference of the cylinder on the outer surface of the inner cylinder. The adjacent layers of steel strips are wound in opposite directions. The two ends of the steel strips are welded to hemispherical heads and reinforcing hoops. Two saddles are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle part of the steel strip on the outer surface.

7. A method for testing the external explosion and high-speed impact-induced damage of a hydrogen storage device applied to any of the test systems described in claims 1-6, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: 1) Test using test apparatus S1 1.1) The first high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the first test apparatus S1. Mark the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile on the test device S1. A row of dynamic strain gauges (11) is pasted on both sides of the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile. The dynamic strain gauges (11) are connected to the dynamic strain meter inside the control cabinet (21) through the data cable (5). The impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located on one side of the center of the front of the test device S1, and at a horizontal distance of 110mm from the nearest saddle. The two rows of dynamic strain gauges (11) on both sides of the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile are arranged along a straight line passing through the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the helical tangent of the steel strip winding in the test device S1. In each row of dynamic strain gauges (11), the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges (11) is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge (11) closest to the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is 35mm. Load the fragmentation simulation projectile into the fragmentation launcher (19), adjust the firing position of the fragmentation launcher (19) to be perpendicular to the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectile at a 90° angle, and fire the fragmentation simulation projectile at a firing speed of 600m / s-700m / s. Record the actual velocity of the fragments. At the same time, use a high-speed camera (17) to photograph the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectile and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device (8). Use a dynamic strain gauge to record the circumferential strain data of the test device S1. After the launch is completed, remove the dynamic strain gauges (11) pasted on the test device S1, take a picture of the deformation of the test device S1 after the test using a camera, and measure and record the axial / circumferential diameter of the impact hole, the impact buckling area and the indentation deflection at the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile. 1.2) The second high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the first test apparatus S1. The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.1), except that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon (19) was 700m / s-800m / s, and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located on the other side of the center of the front of the test device S1, and at a horizontal distance of 110mm from the nearest saddle. 1.3) An external explosive loading test was conducted using the first test apparatus S1. Rotate the test device S1 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera (17). Attach dynamic strain gauges (11) to the back and front of the test device S1. Specifically, dynamic strain gauges (11) are placed at four intervals on the back and front of the test device S1, at the center between the saddle and the reinforcing hoop, at the center between the two saddles on the front of the test device S1, at the center of the top surface center line between the two saddles of the test device S1, and at four intervals on the bottom surface center line between the two saddles of the test device S1. Place 4 kg of TNT explosive (10) on the horizontal side of the center of the back of the test device S1, with the TNT explosive (10) 10 mm away from the outermost surface layer of the test device S1. TNT explosives (10) were detonated, and a high-speed camera (17) was used to record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device S1. The circumferential strain data of the test device S1 was recorded using a dynamic strain gauge. After the detonation is completed, remove the dynamic strain gauges (11) pasted on the test device S1 and take a photo of the deformation of the test device S1 after the test using a camera; 2) Replace test device S1 with test device S2. 2.1) The first high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the second test device S2. The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.1), except that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon (19) was 800m / s-900m / s; 2.2) A second high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the second test apparatus S2. The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.2), except that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon (19) was 900m / s-1000m / s; 2.3) An external explosive loading test was conducted using the second test apparatus S2. The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.3), except that 5 kg of TNT explosive (10) was placed. 3) Replace test device S2 with test device S3. 3.1) Combined loading tests of external explosion and high-speed impact were conducted using the third test device S3. Mark the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile on the test device S3. The impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located at a horizontal distance of 110 mm from the center of the front of the test device S3. Dynamic strain gauges (11) are attached to the back and front of the test device S3. Dynamic strain gauges (11) are arranged at four intervals on the center between the saddle and the reinforcing hoop on the back and front of the test device S3, at the center between the two saddles on the back of the test device S3, at the center of the top surface center line between the two saddles of the test device S3, and at four intervals on the bottom surface center line between the two saddles of the test device S3. 5 kg of TNT explosive (10) is placed on the horizontal side of the center of the front of the test device S3. The TNT explosive (10) is 10 mm away from the outer surface layer of the test device S3. Fragmentation simulation projectiles were loaded into the fragmentation launcher (19). At the same time, the fragmentation launcher (19) fired the fragmentation simulation projectiles at a 90° angle perpendicular to the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectiles at a firing speed of 800m / s-900m / s and detonated TNT explosives (10). The actual velocity of the fragments was recorded. At the same time, a high-speed camera (17) was used to photograph the impact position of the fragmentation simulation projectiles and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device (8). The dynamic strain gauge was used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device S3. After the test is completed, remove the dynamic strain gauges (11) pasted on the test device S3 and take a picture of the deformation of the test device S3 after the test using a camera; 3.2) High-speed impact loading test was conducted using the third test device S3. Rotate the test device S3 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera (17). Mark the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile at the center of the back of the test device S3. The impact position of the armor-piercing projectile is located at the center of the back of the test device S3. Attach dynamic strain gauges (11) to both sides of the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile. The two rows of dynamic strain gauges (11) on both sides of the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile are arranged along a straight line passing through the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the tangential direction of the spiral wound steel strip of the test device S3. In each row of dynamic strain gauges (11), the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges (11) is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge (11) closest to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile is 35mm. Armor-piercing projectiles were loaded into the fragmentation cannon (19). At the same time, the fragmentation cannon (19) was fired at a 90° angle perpendicular to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile. The actual velocity of the armor-piercing projectile was recorded. At the same time, a high-speed camera (17) was used to photograph the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and record the dynamic deformation and fracture process of the test device (8). The dynamic strain gauge was used to record the circumferential strain data of the test device S3. After the launch, remove the dynamic strain gauges (11) attached to the test device S3, take a photo of the penetration failure of the test device S3 after the test using a camera, and measure and record the axial / circumferential diameter of the impact hole, the impact buckling area and the indentation deflection. 4) Replace test device S3 with test device L1. 4.1) The first high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1. The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.1), except that the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located on one side of the center of the front of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle. 4.2) The second high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1. The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 1.2), except that the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located on the other side of the center of the front of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle. 4.3) The first combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1. The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 3.1), except that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon (19) was 700m / s-800m / s, and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located 110mm away horizontally on one side of the center of the front of the test device S1, and 4kg of TNT explosive (10) was placed there. Dynamic strain gauges (11) are attached to the back and front of the test device L1. Dynamic strain gauges (11) are arranged at three intervals on the center of the saddles on the back of the test device L1, at the symmetrical sides, at the center line of the top surface between the two saddles of the test device L1, and at three intervals on the center line of the bottom surface between the two saddles of the test device L1. 4.4) The third high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1. Rotate the test device L1 horizontally by 180° so that its back faces the high-speed camera (17) and conduct the test in the same way as in step 1.1). The difference is that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon (19) is 800m / s-900m / s, and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile is located on one side of the center of the back of the test device L1 and 200mm away from the nearest saddle. 4.5) The second combined external explosion and high-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1. The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 3.1), except that the firing speed of the fragmentation cannon (19) was 800m / s-900m / s, and the impact position of the fragmentation simulated projectile was located 10mm away horizontally from the center of the back of the test device S1, and 5kg of TNT explosive (10) was placed there. Dynamic strain gauges (11) are attached to the back and front of the test device L1. Dynamic strain gauges (11) are arranged at three intervals on the center of the saddles on the front of the test device L1, at the symmetrical sides, at the center line of the top surface between the two saddles of the test device S3, and at three intervals on the center line of the bottom surface between each saddle of the test device L1. 4.6) High-speed impact loading test was conducted using the fourth test device L1. The test was conducted in the same manner as in step 3.2), except that the impact point of the armor-piercing projectile was located on the other side of the center of the back of the test device L1, and at a horizontal distance of 200mm from the nearest saddle. A row of dynamic strain gauges (11) is attached to both sides of the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile. The two rows of dynamic strain gauges (11) on both sides of the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile are arranged along the straight line passing through the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile, and the straight line is parallel to the helical tangent of the steel strip wound in the test device L1. In each row of dynamic strain gauges (11), the distance between adjacent dynamic strain gauges (11) is 10mm, and the distance between the dynamic strain gauge (11) closest to the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile and the impact position of the armor-piercing projectile is 35mm.

8. The test method for external explosion and high-speed impact-induced damage to a hydrogen storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The test devices S1 to S3 are all 50L test devices, and the test device L1 is a 500L test device.

9. The test method for external explosion and high-speed impact-induced damage to a hydrogen storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: If the current test device is severely damaged in each of the test results in steps 1.1), 1.2), 2.1), 2.2), 3.1), and 4.1) to 4.5), then the subsequent tests of the current test device shall be stopped.

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