A composition for preventing and treating Mastacembelus armatus diseases, a bacteriostatic agent, a feeding device for wild Mastacembelus armatus, and an ecological conservation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composition for preventing and treating Mastacembelus armatus diseases, a bacteriostatic agent, a feeding device for wild Mastacembelus armatus, and an ecological conservation method. The composition contains component 1 and component 2, and component 1 and component 2 are selected from two different ones of traditional Chinese medicine compositions 1 to 4; the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 is composed of Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis; the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is composed of Chinese gall and Rheum officinale; the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and Lonicera japonica; the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is composed of Sophora flavescens and Phellodendron amurense. The ecological conservation method for Mastacembelus armatus provided by the present invention has made obvious technological progress in aspects such as improving survival rate and feed utilization rate, reducing pathogen infection, and improving water quality, providing a new technical option for protecting the germplasm resources of wild Mastacembelus armatus, solving the technical problems of artificial breeding of wild Mastacembelus armatus, and realizing the healthy and sustainable development of the famous and excellent fish aquaculture industry in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aquatic animals, and specifically, to a composition for preventing and treating diseases of Mastacembelus armatus, a bacteriostatic agent, a feeding device for wild Mastacembelus armatus, and a method for ecological conservation. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the development of ecological conservation of aquatic animals has greatly promoted the industrial upgrading of aquaculture, which is of great significance for the high-quality development of fishery, reducing environmental pollution, and maintaining national ecological security. First of all, by establishing ecological conservation of aquatic animals, not only can the ecological risks such as the sharp reduction in the number of species and species extinction caused by overfishing be avoided, but also a suitable living environment can be provided for a variety of vulnerable or endangered species, and centralized breeding can help restore wild populations. Secondly, by improving the utilization rate of the natural water environment through ecological conservation, promoting the healthy growth of aquatic animals, realizing the artificial conservation and population restoration of wild aquatic animals, and the industrialization and large-scale development, it has very important ecological, economic and social benefits.

[0003] Mastacembelus armatus belongs to the Synbranchiformes, Mastacembeloidei, Mastacembelidae, and Mastacembelus, and is a precious freshwater fish, commonly known as Nacui, Shizhui, Zhuma saw, Chili fish, etc. It is a native fish species unique to China and is mainly distributed in the water systems of southern regions such as Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan south of the Yangtze River. It often inhabits the clear water in stone crevices or caves and feeds on small invertebrates, benthic animals, shrimps, and some algae. This fish grows slowly, has few diseases, has delicate meat, and has the effects of tonifying qi and strengthening yang, quenching thirst and diuretic. In some southern regions, it has gradually become a new favorite in the aquatic product market.

[0004] In recent years, due to human factors such as water pollution, overfishing, electrofishing and poisoning fish, sand mining, and river damming, wild Mastacembelus armatus has been decreasing day by day and has even become an endangered wild aquatic species. Domestic relevant units have now carried out research on the artificial breeding technology of Mastacembelus armatus, etc., and strive to establish a systematic healthy breeding system for Mastacembelus armatus, but there are many difficulties, such as high morbidity and mortality, water pollution, and slow growth rate, and the breeding income effect is not good. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of poor artificial breeding effect of Mastacembelus armatus in the prior art, the present invention provides a composition for preventing and treating diseases of Mastacembelus armatus, a bacteriostatic agent, a feeding device for wild Mastacembelus armatus, and a method for ecological conservation.

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide a composition for preventing and treating diseases of Mastacembelus armatus.

[0007] The second object of the present invention is to provide a bacteriostatic agent for preventing and treating diseases of Mastacembelus armatus.

[0008] The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for the ecological conservation of Mastacembelus armatus.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following solutions:

[0010] A composition for the prevention and treatment of diseases of Mastacembelus armatus, the composition containing component 1 and component 2, and component 1 and component 2 are selected from two different ones among traditional Chinese medicine compositions 1-4;

[0011] The traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 is composed of Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis in a mass ratio of (3-9):(1-3);

[0012] The traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is composed of Chinese gall and Rheum palmatum in a mass ratio of (80-160):(4-8);

[0013] The traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and Lonicera japonica in a mass ratio of (25-40):(10-16);

[0014] The traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is composed of Sophora flavescens and Phellodendron amurense in a mass ratio of (15-24):(10-16).

[0015] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 is composed of Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0016] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is composed of Chinese gall and Rheum palmatum in a mass ratio of 20:1.

[0017] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and Lonicera japonica in a mass ratio of 5:2.

[0018] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and Lonicera japonica in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0019] More preferably, component 1 and component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 respectively.

[0020] More preferably, component 1 and component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 respectively.

[0021] More preferably, component 1 and component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively.

[0022] More preferably, component 1 and component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 respectively.

[0023] More preferably, component 1 and component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively.

[0024] More preferably, component 1 and component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively.

[0025] Preferably, the mass ratio of component 1 to component 2 is (1-2):(1-2).

[0026] More preferably, the mass ratio of component 1 to component 2 is 1:1.

[0027] Further preferably, component 1 and component 2 are Chinese medicine composition 1 and Chinese medicine composition 2 respectively, and the mass ratio of component 1 to component 2 is (1-2):(1-2).

[0028] Most preferably, component 1 and component 2 are Chinese medicine composition 1 and Chinese medicine composition 2 respectively, and the mass ratio of component 1 to component 2 is 1:1.

[0029] The application of any of the above compositions in raising Mastacembelus armatus should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] The Chinese herbal medicines selected in the present invention all have strong antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other characteristics. Alternate use of Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis with Galla chinensis and Rheum officinale can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of bacterial diseases and saprolegniasis. At the same time, in the present invention, by the way of ultrafine pulverization into fine powder state, the medicinal efficacy of the Chinese herbal medicines is improved, making it easier for Mastacembelus armatus to absorb and utilize.

[0031] An antibacterial agent for preventing and treating diseases of Mastacembelus armatus, the antibacterial agent is the water extract of component 1 and the water extract of component 2 above;

[0032] Component 1 and component 2 are selected from two different ones of Chinese medicine compositions 1-4;

[0033] The Chinese medicine composition 1 is composed of Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis with a mass ratio of (3-9):(1-3);

[0034] The Chinese medicine composition 2 is composed of Galla chinensis and Rheum officinale with a mass ratio of (80-160):(4-8);

[0035] The Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and Lonicera japonica with a mass ratio of (25-40):(10-16);

[0036] The Chinese medicine composition 4 is composed of Sophora flavescens and Phellodendron amurense with a mass ratio of (15-24):(10-16).

[0037] Preferably, the preparation method of the antibacterial agent includes the following steps: heating and extracting the powder of component 1 or the powder of component 2 with water to obtain it.

[0038] Specifically, the preparation method of the antibacterial agent includes the following steps:

[0039] The traditional Chinese medicine composition is pulverized into fine powder of 100 mesh by ultrafine pulverization technology, and water is added for decoction according to the ratio of traditional Chinese medicine composition: water = 1:80. After the water boils, turn to low heat and decoct for 45 to 60 minutes, stirring constantly during this period, and filter out the medicinal liquid with gauze.

[0040] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 is composed of Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis with a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0041] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is composed of Chinese gallnut and Rheum officinale with a mass ratio of 20:1.

[0042] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and honeysuckle with a mass ratio of 5:2.

[0043] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and honeysuckle with a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0044] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2.

[0045] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3.

[0046] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4.

[0047] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3.

[0048] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4.

[0049] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4.

[0050] Preferably, the mass ratio of the component 1 to the component 2 is (1 - 2):(1 - 2), and the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the component 1 to the water extract of the component 2 is (1 - 2):(1 - 2).

[0051] More preferably, the mass ratio of the component 1 to the component 2 is 1:1, and the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the component 1 to the water extract of the component 2 is 1:1.

[0052] Further preferably, component 1 and component 2 are respectively traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and traditional Chinese medicine composition 2, the mass ratio of traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is (1-2):(1-2), and the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is (1-2):(1-2).

[0053] Most preferably, component 1 and component 2 are respectively traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and traditional Chinese medicine composition 2, the mass ratio of traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is 1:1, and the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is 1:1.

[0054] The application of any of the above bacteriostatic agents in raising Mastacembelus armatus should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0055] Based on the research on the living habits of Mastacembelus armatus, the present invention finds that the main reason for the difficulty in artificially raising Mastacembelus armatus is that there are significant differences between its ecological environment and natural waters. The present invention respectively improves the material of the fishing cage, the selection of Mastacembelus armatus, the auxiliary lighting, the habitat nest, the water flow simulation, the feeding platform and aquatic plants, etc., and establishes a maintenance method for wild Mastacembelus armatus.

[0056] A habitat nest for raising Mastacembelus armatus, the habitat nest is formed by connecting a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the colors of the first pipeline and the second pipeline are both light brown, and the RGB values of the light brown are: R value (175-215), G value (130-190), B value (75-160).

[0057] Preferably, both the first pipeline and the second pipeline are cylindrical, and the cross-section is circular or elliptical.

[0058] More preferably, the size of the first pipeline is diameter (7 cm - 9 cm) × length (15 cm - 17 cm).

[0059] Further preferably, the size of the first pipeline is diameter 8 cm × length 16 cm.

[0060] More preferably, the size of the second pipeline is diameter (8 cm - 10 cm) × length (4 cm - 6 cm).

[0061] Further preferably, the size of the second pipeline is diameter 9 cm × length 5 cm.

[0062] Preferably, the axial directions of the first pipeline and the second pipeline form an angle of 162° - 170°.

[0063] More preferably, the axial directions of the first pipeline and the second pipeline form an angle of 165°.

[0064] Preferably, both the first pipe and the second pipe are graphene polyvinyl chloride pipes.

[0065] Preferably, the opening of the second pipe is kept smooth to prevent scratching the large spiny eel.

[0066] The application of any of the above-mentioned habitats in raising large spiny eels should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0067] An aquarium for raising large spiny eels is provided with a water pump, any of the above-mentioned habitats and a lighting device.

[0068] Preferably, the water pump includes a water flow controller and an inlet and outlet pipe. The water flow controller is provided with a water pump switch and a water flow regulator. The water pump switch is used to control the opening and closing of the water pump, and the water flow regulator is used to control the speed, flow rate and direction of the water pumped out by the water pump; the inlet and outlet pipe passes through the water pump, one end is used to input water into the water pump, and the other end is used to output water from the water pump.

[0069] Preferably, both the first pipe and the second pipe of the habitat are cylindrical, and the cross-section is circular or elliptical.

[0070] More preferably, the diameter of the first pipe of the habitat is less than or equal to the diameter of the second pipe.

[0071] More preferably, the length ratio of the first pipe to the second pipe of the habitat is (15-17):(4-6).

[0072] Further preferably, the length ratio of the first pipe to the second pipe of the habitat is 16:5.

[0073] Even more preferably, the size of the first pipe of the habitat is diameter (7 cm - 9 cm) × length (15 cm - 17 cm).

[0074] Most preferably, the size of the first pipe of the habitat is diameter 8 cm × length 16 cm.

[0075] Even more preferably, the size of the second pipe of the habitat is diameter (8 cm - 10 cm) × length (4 cm - 6 cm).

[0076] Most preferably, the size of the second pipe of the habitat is diameter 9 cm × length 5 cm.

[0077] Preferably, the axial directions of the first pipe and the second pipe of the habitat form an angle of 162° - 170°.

[0078] More preferably, the axial directions of the first pipe and the second pipe of the habitat form an angle of 165°.

[0079] Preferably, both the first pipe and the second pipe of the roosting nest are graphene polyvinyl chloride pipes.

[0080] Preferably, the opening of the second pipe of the roosting nest is kept smooth to prevent scratching the large spiny loach.

[0081] Preferably, a number of roosting nests arranged in parallel are provided in the aquarium.

[0082] More preferably, 4 roosting nests arranged in parallel are provided in the aquarium.

[0083] Preferably, the lighting device includes an LED lamp, a conducting wire and a lighting controller. The LED lamp and the lighting controller are connected by the conducting wire. The controller is provided with a lighting switch and a light converter. The lighting switch is used to control the turning on and off of the LED lamp, and the light converter is used to adjust the light color of the LED lamp.

[0084] Preferably, a feeding platform is further provided in the aquarium.

[0085] More preferably, the feeding platform includes 3 side walls and 1 bottom plate. The 3 side walls surround and are connected to 3 sides of the bottom plate to form a "U shape", forming a semi-open space. The large spiny loach enters through the opening of the feeding platform to feed.

[0086] Further preferably, a number of ecological floating beds are provided on the side opposite to the opening of the feeding platform for growing aquatic plants.

[0087] Even more preferably, 2 ecological floating beds are provided on the side opposite to the opening of the feeding platform.

[0088] The present invention has no special limitation on the variety of the aquatic plants, including but not limited to arrowhead, softstem bulrush, houttuynia, mint and common selfheal fruit-spike.

[0089] Even more preferably, the aquatic plant is one or more of arrowhead, softstem bulrush, houttuynia, mint and / or common selfheal fruit-spike.

[0090] Further preferably, a raised structure is provided on the bottom plate of the feeding platform to play an anti-slip role of increasing friction.

[0091] The application of any of the above aquariums in raising the large spiny loach should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0092] A method for imitating the ecological maintenance of the large spiny loach, raising the large spiny loach in an aquarium; during the raising period, the water body in the aquarium contains a bacteriostatic agent, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the above component 1 and the water extract of component 2, and the water extract of component 1 and the water extract of component 2 are replaced and used every two days;

[0093] Component 1 and component 2 are selected from two different ones of the traditional Chinese medicine compositions 1 to 4;

[0094] The traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 is composed of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with a mass ratio of (3-9):(1-3);

[0095] The traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is composed of Chinese gall and Rheum palmatum L. with a mass ratio of (80-160):(4-8);

[0096] The traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and Lonicera japonica Thunb. with a mass ratio of (25-40):(10-16);

[0097] The traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is composed of Sophora flavescens Ait. and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. with a mass ratio of (15-24):(10-16).

[0098] Preferably, the large spiny eel is a wild large spiny eel.

[0099] More preferably, the wild large spiny eel is collected from a natural river course with clear water, gentle current, water temperature of 18°C - 25°C, water depth of 1.2 m - 5 m, dissolved oxygen above 5 mg / L, and weakly alkaline water quality.

[0100] Further preferably, the wild large spiny eel is captured by a set gillnet cage.

[0101] Preferably, the body length of the large spiny eel before feeding is 12 cm - 18 cm.

[0102] Preferably, the feeding density of the large spiny eel is 30 tails / m 3 - 40 tails / m 3 .

[0103] Preferably, the aquarium is cleaned, disinfected and dried before use.

[0104] Specifically, the disinfection method is to soak with concentrated brine with a mass fraction of 20% - 25%, let it stand for at least 1 hour or more, and then wash it clean with pure water.

[0105] Preferably, the large spiny eel is temporarily cultured before feeding.

[0106] More preferably, the large spiny eel is temporarily cultured for 1 day before feeding.

[0107] Preferably, the preparation method of the bacteriostatic agent includes the following steps: heating and extracting the powder of the above component 1 or the powder of component 2 with water to obtain it.

[0108] Specifically, the preparation method of the bacteriostatic agent includes the following steps:

[0109] The traditional Chinese medicine composition is pulverized into fine powder of 100 meshes by ultrafine pulverization technology, and water is added for decocting according to the ratio of traditional Chinese medicine composition: water = 1:80. After the water boils, turn to low heat and decoct for 45 to 60 minutes, without stopping stirring during this period, and filter out the medicinal liquid with gauze.

[0110] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 is composed of Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis with a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0111] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is composed of Chinese gall and Rheum officinale with a mass ratio of 20:1.

[0112] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and honeysuckle with a mass ratio of 5:2.

[0113] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is composed of Ginkgo biloba leaves and honeysuckle with a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0114] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2.

[0115] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3.

[0116] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4.

[0117] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3.

[0118] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4.

[0119] More preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 respectively, and the bacteriostatic agent is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 or the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 4.

[0120] Preferably, the mass ratio of the component 1 and the component 2 is (1-2):(1-2), and the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the component 1 to the water extract of the component 2 is (1-2):(1-2).

[0121] More preferably, the mass ratio of the component 1 and the component 2 is 1:1, and the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the component 1 to the water extract of the component 2 is 1:1.

[0122] Further preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are respectively the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2, the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is (1-2):(1-2), and the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is (1-2):(1-2).

[0123] Most preferably, the component 1 and the component 2 are respectively the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 and the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2, the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is 1:1, and the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is 1:1.

[0124] Preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0125] On the 1st to 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1; on the 3rd to 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is (1-2):(1-2); repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0126] More preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0127] On the 1st to 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1; on the 3rd to 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is 1:1; repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0128] Preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0129] On the 1st to 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1; on the 3rd to 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is (1-2):(1-2); repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0130] More preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0131] On the 1st to 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1; on the 3rd to 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is 1:1; repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0132] Preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0133] On the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 1; on the 3rd - 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is (1 - 2):(1 - 2); repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0134] More preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0135] On the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 1; on the 3rd - 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is 1:1; repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0136] Preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0137] On the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2; on the 3rd - 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 3; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is (1 - 2):(1 - 2); repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0138] More preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0139] On the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2; on the 3rd - 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 3; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 is 1:1; repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0140] Preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0141] On the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2; on the 3rd - 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is (1 - 2):(1 - 2); repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0142] More preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0143] On the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2; on the 3rd - 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is 1:1; repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0144] Preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0145] On the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 3; on the 3rd - 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is (1 - 2):(1 - 2); repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0146] More preferably, the method of changing and using every two days is as follows:

[0147] On the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 3; on the 3rd - 4th day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent contained in the water body of the aquarium is the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4; the working concentration ratio of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 3 to the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine composition 4 is 1:1; repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0148] Preferably, the mass - volume ratio of the bacteriostatic agent to the water body is 6 mg / L - 8 mg / L.

[0149] More preferably, the mass - volume ratio of the bacteriostatic agent to the water body is 6 mg / L.

[0150] Specifically, on the 1st - 2nd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent prepared from traditional Chinese medicine composition 1 is mixed evenly with the water body in the aquarium at 6 mg / L every day; on the 2nd - 3rd day of feeding, the bacteriostatic agent prepared from traditional Chinese medicine composition 2 is mixed evenly with the water body in the aquarium at 6 mg / L every day; repeat this operation until the end of feeding.

[0151] Preferably, there is a habitat nest formed by connecting a first pipe and a second pipe in the aquarium. The colors of the first pipe and the second pipe are both light brown, and the RGB values of the light brown are: R value (175 - 215), G value (130 - 190), B value (75 - 160).

[0152] More preferably, both the first pipe and the second pipe are cylindrical, and the cross - section is circular or oval.

[0153] Further preferably, the size of the first pipe is diameter (7 cm - 9 cm) × length (15 cm - 17 cm).

[0154] More preferably, the size of the first pipe is a diameter of 8 cm × a length of 16 cm.

[0155] Further preferably, the size of the second pipe is a diameter of (8 cm to 10 cm) × a length of (4 cm to 6 cm).

[0156] More preferably, the size of the second pipe is a diameter of 9 cm × a length of 5 cm.

[0157] More preferably, the axial directions of the first pipe and the second pipe form an angle of 162° to 170°.

[0158] Further preferably, the axial directions of the first pipe and the second pipe form an angle of 165°.

[0159] More preferably, both the first pipe and the second pipe are graphene polyvinyl chloride pipes.

[0160] More preferably, the opening of the second pipe is kept smooth to prevent scratching the large spiny eel.

[0161] More preferably, a number of habitat nests are provided in the aquarium in parallel.

[0162] Further preferably, 4 habitat nests are provided in the aquarium in parallel.

[0163] Preferably, during the feeding period, natural light is irradiated on the large spiny eel for 6 h / day to 8 h / day.

[0164] More preferably, the wavelength of the natural light is 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0165] More preferably, an illumination device is provided in the aquarium. During the irradiation of natural light, the illumination device also outputs blue light or green light to irradiate the large spiny eel for 5 min to 15 min every 1.5 h to 2.5 h.

[0166] Further preferably, the wavelength of the blue light is 450 nm to 480 nm.

[0167] Further preferably, the wavelength of the green light is 500 nm to 560 nm.

[0168] Further preferably, the illumination device includes an LED lamp, a conducting wire, and a lighting controller. The LED lamp and the lighting controller are connected by the conducting wire. The controller is provided with an illumination switch and a light converter. The illumination switch is used to control the turning on and off of the LED lamp, and the light converter is used to adjust the light color of the LED lamp. The blue light and the green light are emitted by the LED lamp.

[0169] Preferably, during the feeding period, the water flow rate of the water body in the aquarium is 0.05 m / s to 0.15 m / s.

[0170] Preferably, during the feeding period, the water flow direction of the water body in the aquarium is from the center to the surroundings.

[0171] Preferably, during the feeding period, the volume of the circulating water per hour of the water body in the aquarium is 2 to 3 times.

[0172] More preferably, the aquarium is provided with a water pump, including a water flow controller and an inlet and outlet pipe. The water flow controller is provided with a water pump switch and a water flow regulator. The water pump switch is used to control the opening and closing of the water pump, and the water flow regulator is used to control the speed, flow rate and direction of the water flow pumped out by the water pump; the inlet and outlet pipe passes through the water pump, one end is used to input water into the water pump, and the other end is used to output water from the water pump.

[0173] Further preferably, the water flow rate of the water pump is set to 0.05 m / s to 0.15 m / s, the water flow direction is set to flow from the center to the surroundings, and the volume of the circulating water per hour is set to 2 to 3 times.

[0174] Preferably, a feeding platform is further provided in the aquarium.

[0175] More preferably, the feeding platform includes 3 side walls and 1 bottom plate. The 3 side walls surround and are connected to 3 sides of the bottom plate to form a "U shape", forming a semi-open space, and the large spiny loach enters through the opening of the feeding platform to feed.

[0176] Further preferably, several ecological floating beds are provided on the opposite side of the opening of the feeding platform for planting aquatic plants.

[0177] Even more preferably, 2 ecological floating beds are provided on the opposite side of the opening of the feeding platform.

[0178] The present invention does not have special limitations on the variety of the aquatic plants, including but not limited to Sagittaria trifolia, Scirpus validus, Houttuynia cordata, Mentha haplocalyx and Prunella vulgaris.

[0179] Even more preferably, the aquatic plant is one or more of Sagittaria trifolia, Scirpus validus, Houttuynia cordata, Mentha haplocalyx and / or Prunella vulgaris.

[0180] Further preferably, the bottom plate of the feeding platform is provided with a convex structure to play an anti-slip role of increasing friction.

[0181] More preferably, the feed for the large spiny loach is regularly placed in the feeding platform.

[0182] Specifically, the feed for the large spiny loach is put on the feeding platform once at 6:00 in the morning and 7:00 in the afternoon every day, and the feeding amount is 1.2 g / tail to 1.8 g / tail.

[0183] Further preferably, aquatic plants in the aquarium are maintained and updated in a timely manner.

[0184] Specifically, the aquatic plants are pruned twice a month, and the feeding platform is cleaned every three days to avoid the impact of food residues and dirt on water quality.

[0185] Preferably, the water quality is monitored once a week using a water quality testing instrument.

[0186] Preferably, the water temperature is maintained at 24°C - 28°C, the pH value is maintained at 7.0 - 7.5, the ammonia nitrogen content is maintained at less than 0.02 mg / L, the nitrate content is maintained at less than 0.1 mg / L, and the dissolved oxygen is maintained at greater than 5 mg / L.

[0187] Preferably, the activity level and feeding situation of Mastacembelus armatus are observed and recorded daily, twice a day, with each observation lasting no less than 10 minutes.

[0188] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0189] In recent years, due to overfishing and environmental pollution, the resources of Mastacembelus armatus have declined sharply. The wild Mastacembelus armatus ecological conservation method provided by the present invention has made obvious technological progress in terms of improving survival rate, improving feed utilization rate, reducing pathogen infection, and improving water quality, providing a new technological option for protecting the germplasm resources of wild Mastacembelus armatus, solving the technical problems of artificial breeding of wild Mastacembelus armatus, and realizing the healthy and sustainable development of the famous and high-quality fish farming industry in China. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0190] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a netting ground cage.

[0191] Figure 2 It is the growth state of Mastacembelus armatus with a body length of 12 cm - 18 cm.

[0192] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the aquarium used in the present invention for raising Mastacembelus armatus; 1 - water pump; 2 - habitat nest; 3 - lighting device; 4 - feeding platform; 5 - aquarium.

[0193] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the water pump; 1 - water pump; 101 - water flow controller; 1011 - water pump switch; 1012 - water flow regulator; 102 - inlet and outlet pipes.

[0194] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the habitat nest; 2 - habitat nest; 201 - first pipe; 202 - second pipe.

[0195] Figure 6Schematic structural diagram of the lighting device; 3 - lighting device; 301 - LED lamp; 302 - conducting wire; 303 - lighting controller; 3031 - lighting switch 3031; 3032 - lighting converter.

[0196] Figure 7 Schematic structural diagram of the food table; 4 - food table; 401 - side wall; 402 - bottom plate; 403 - ecological floating bed. Specific implementation mode

[0197] The present invention will be further elaborated in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification and specific embodiments. The embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. The test methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents, etc. used are commercially available reagents and materials unless otherwise specified.

[0198] Example 1 Collection of Mastacembelus armatus

[0199] 1. Collection location

[0200] Select a natural river channel with clear water and gentle flow in the Zengjiang River, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. The water temperature is between 18°C and 25°C, the water depth is between 1.5 meters and 5 meters, the dissolved oxygen is above 5 mg / L, and the water quality is weakly alkaline.

[0201] 2. Optimization of fishing tools

[0202] (1) Experimental method

[0203] Use a self-made seine net (specification: 5 m × 20 m) and a cloth net cage as shown in Figure 1 (specification: 0.4 m × 0.4 m × 10 m, purchased from KUHONG specialty store) as fishing tools respectively.

[0204] Put an appropriate amount of bait in the fishing tools (such as putting 10 grams of dried shrimps or 20 grams of small fish in each cage) and conduct fishing at the above collection location.

[0205] (2) Experimental results

[0206] Table 1 Comparison of different fishing tools

[0207]

[0208] As shown in Table 1, although the efficiency of catching Mastacembelus armatus with a cloth net cage is lower than that of a seine net, the impact on the environment and Mastacembelus armatus is smaller.

[0209] 3. Classification and feeding after fishing

[0210] (1) Experimental method

[0211] The large spiny eels collected by cloth-net traps are classified according to body lengths less than 12 cm, 12 cm to 18 cm, and greater than 18 cm. For each body length category, 30 large spiny eels are selected and conventionally raised under the same conditions for a total of 30 days. The mortality rate, morbidity rate, and stress level of the large spiny eels are then statistically analyzed.

[0212] The formula for calculating the mortality rate is: Mortality rate = (Number of dead large spiny eels / Total number of large spiny eels) × 100%.

[0213] The formula for calculating the morbidity rate is: Morbidity rate = (Number of diseased large spiny eels / Total number of large spiny eels) × 100%.

[0214] The criteria for determining the stress level are as follows: If the large spiny eel does not stay in its habitat nest, swims rapidly when there is movement, and does not feed, the stress level is high; if the large spiny eel occasionally stays in its habitat nest, swims relatively fast, and eats less, the stress level is medium; if the large spiny eel stays in its habitat nest most of the time, swims slowly, and eats normally, the stress level is low.

[0215] (2) Experimental results

[0216] Table 2 Situation of classified breeding of large spiny eels

[0217]

[0218] As shown in Table 2, compared with large spiny eels of the other two body lengths, the large spiny eels with body lengths of 12 cm to 18 cm have the lowest mortality and morbidity rates, and basically no stress. They have a fast growth and development rate and can adapt to the artificial environment and food faster. As Figure 2 shown, the large spiny eels in the body length range of 12 cm to 18 cm can quickly adapt to the environment, inhabit the set pipe troughs, feed actively and normally, and even have the behavior of chasing food.

[0219] In addition, the breeding of large spiny eels with body lengths of 12 cm to 18 cm has the highest efficiency, and the input-output ratio can reach up to 1:2.73. Their growth rate is more than 20% faster than that of young large spiny eels, and at the same time, the survival rate is greatly improved, with a mortality rate of only 2.6%.

[0220] Taking all factors into consideration, selecting large spiny eels with body lengths of 12 cm to 18 cm as the objects for breeding after capture can ensure a sufficient quantity while also guaranteeing their relative health and adaptability to the subsequent breeding environment. Selecting to breed large spiny eels with body lengths of 12 cm to 18 cm is an efficient, economical method that can maximize the survival rate of large spiny eels.

[0221] Example 2 Cleaning, disinfection, and antibacterial of the breeding environment of large spiny eels

[0222] 1. Cleaning and disinfection

[0223] First, prepare an aquarium for raising Mastacembelus armatus, clean the dirt and impurities in the aquarium, and thoroughly wash it with water.

[0224] Secondly, prepare a 20% mass fraction strong brine solution, soak the fish tank, and let it stand for at least 1 hour or more. Then wash it clean with pure water.

[0225] Dry the aquarium and ventilate it for 24 to 36 hours to ensure that the inside of the aquarium is completely dry and the disinfection process is thoroughly completed.

[0226] 2. Preparation of bacteriostatic agents

[0227] According to the information shown in Table 3, prepare 4 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine compositions, denoted as Chinese herbal medicine compositions 1 to 4.

[0228] Table 3 Formulas of Chinese herbal medicine compositions

[0229]

[0230] Put Chinese herbal medicine compositions 1 to 4 into beakers respectively, and crush them into fine powders of 100 meshes through ultrafine comminution technology. Mix the powders of Chinese herbal medicine compositions 1 to 4 with water according to a mass ratio of 1:80, add water and boil. After the water boils, turn to low heat and boil for 60 minutes, stirring once every 15 minutes during this period. Filter out the medicinal liquid with gauze to obtain 4 kinds of bacteriostatic agents, denoted as bacteriostatic agents 1 to 4 in sequence.

[0231] 3. Use of bacteriostatic agents

[0232] Temporarily raise Mastacembelus armatus for 1 day and then place it in the disinfected aquarium for breeding. From the first day of breeding, put bacteriostatic agents 1 to 4 into the aquarium evenly at a dosage of 6 mg / L respectively, once a day. After 4 days of separate or alternating dosing, count the morbidity of Mastacembelus armatus. The calculation formula for the morbidity is: morbidity = number of diseased Mastacembelus armatus / total number of Mastacembelus armatus × 100%.

[0233] 4. Morbidity of Mastacembelus armatus

[0234] Table 4 Formulas of Chinese herbal medicine compositions

[0235]

[0236] As shown in Table 4, after separately using bacteriostatic agents 1 to 4 for 4 days, the morbidity of Mastacembelus armatus is all above 2.5%, and the highest is bacteriostatic agent 4, which is 4.8%; while after alternately using bacteriostatic agents 1 to 4, the morbidity is significantly reduced, all below 2%, and the lowest is bacteriostatic agent 1 (2 days) and bacteriostatic agent 2 (2 days), with a morbidity of only 0.2%.

[0237] 5. In vitro bacteriostatic effect of bacteriostatic agents

[0238] By detecting the content of pathogenic bacteria in the aquaculture water after different bacteriostatic agents were added, compared with the group without any bacteriostatic agent added, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in each adding group decreased significantly. In particular, the degrees of decrease in the three groups of bacteriostatic agent 1 (2 days) + bacteriostatic agent 2 (2 days), bacteriostatic agent 1 (2 days) + bacteriostatic agent 3 (2 days), and bacteriostatic agent 2 (2 days) + bacteriostatic agent 4 (2 days) were the most significant.

[0239] Example 3 Optimization of the Feeding Device for Mastacembelus armatus

[0240] 1. Water Quality Monitoring

[0241] The water quality of the water for feeding Mastacembelus armatus was monitored using a water quality tester (purchased from Hengxin AZ, China) once a week. The monitored parameters included water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen content (Nessler reagent spectrophotometry HJ535—2009), and nitrite content which was determined using the national standard method (GB / T5009.33 - 2003). And it was required that the water temperature be maintained at 24°C to 28°C, the pH value be maintained at 7.5 to 8.5, the ammonia nitrogen content be maintained at less than 0.02 mg / L, the nitrite content be maintained at less than 0.1 mg / L, and the dissolved oxygen be maintained at greater than 5 mg / L.

[0242] 2. Aquarium for Feeding Mastacembelus armatus

[0243] The present invention provides an aquarium 5 for feeding Mastacembelus armatus, with a specification of 60 cm in length × 40 cm in width × 30 cm in height, and its structure is as Figure 3 shown.

[0244] The water pump 1 and the lighting device 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the aquarium 5, and the habitat nests 2 and the feeding platform 4 are arranged at the bottom of the aquarium 5. A total of 4 habitat nests 2 are arranged in parallel. The feeding platform 4 is adjacent to the opening of the second pipeline 202 on the habitat nest 2, facilitating the feeding of Mastacembelus armatus.

[0245] The habitat nest 2 is made of light brown graphene PVC pipe. The first pipeline 201 and the second pipeline 202 are both cylindrical in shape. The size of the first pipeline 201 is a diameter of 8 cm × a length of 16 cm, and the size of the second pipeline 202 is a diameter of 9 cm × a length of 5 cm and the opening is kept smooth. The included angle between the axial direction of the first pipeline 201 and the axial direction of the second pipeline 202 is 165°.

[0246] 3. Water Flow Simulation

[0247] In order to simulate the water flow in the natural wild environment, one structure as Figure 4The shown water pump 1 is composed of a water flow controller 101 and a water inlet and outlet pipe 102. In the water flow controller 101, there is a water pump switch 1011 and a water flow regulator 1012. The water pump switch 1011 is used to control the opening and closing of the water pump 1, and the water flow regulator 1012 is used to control the speed, flow rate and direction of the water pumped out by the water pump 1. The water inlet and outlet pipe 102 passes through the water pump 1. One end is used to input water into the water pump 1, and the other end is used to output water from the water pump 1.

[0248] The volume of the circulating water of the water pump 1 is 40 liters per hour to 60 liters per hour. The water flow regulator 1012 is set so that the speed of the water pumped out by the water pump 1 is maintained at 0.05 m / s to 0.15 m / s. The water flow direction is from the center of the aquarium to the surroundings, and the volume of the circulating water per hour is set to 2 times to 3 times.

[0249] 4. Establishment of the habitat nest

[0250] Each large spiny eel needs sufficient water space of about 3 to 4 times its body length. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure sufficient stocking space. In order to provide a safer and more realistic habitat environment for the large spiny eel, this embodiment optimizes the establishment of a habitat nest suitable for the large spiny eel from multiple aspects.

[0251] The present invention provides a habitat nest 2 for large spiny eels, and its structure is as Figure 5 shown. Using the first pipe 201 as the main body and the second pipe 202 as the access passage for the large spiny eel, connecting the first pipe 201 and the second pipe 202 together, and it is obtained. The large spiny eel enters the first pipe 201 through the second pipe 202 to inhabit, and goes out of the first pipe 201 through the second pipe 202 to move in the aquarium.

[0252] (1) Materials

[0253] Using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, graphene PVC pipe and shell powder PVC pipe as the materials for preparing the habitat nest 2 respectively, through measurement and shearing, three habitat nests 2 with the same specifications but different materials are made. The shapes of the first pipe 201 and the second pipe 202 are both cylindrical. The size of the first pipe 201 is a diameter of 8 cm × a length of 16 cm, and the size of the second pipe 202 is a diameter of 9 cm × a length of 5 cm and the opening is kept smooth to prevent fish from being scratched.

[0254] Placing the habitat nests of the same material in parallel in groups of 4, and setting the habitat nests of different materials in different aquariums 5 for raising large spiny eels according to 1 group / case, providing a habitat and hiding place for the large spiny eels, and monitoring the living conditions of the large spiny eels in the habitat nests of different materials.

[0255] Through comparison, it is found that there are problems such as unstable water body, easy deterioration of water quality, and slow growth in the habitats of PVC pipes and shell powder PVC pipes; while for the habitats of graphene PVC pipes, the water quality can be improved and stabilized, thereby increasing the stability of the feeding of cultured fish. The growth rate of Mastacembelus armatus can be increased by about 10%, and the survival rate of Mastacembelus armatus reaches 100% due to the improvement of immunity, and the incidence of diseases is 0. Since the ability of graphene materials to adsorb heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in water is 60% higher than that of ordinary materials, the improvement of the habitat material by graphene materials plays an important role in promoting the growth and health of Mastacembelus armatus.

[0256] (2) Color

[0257] Habitats were prepared using graphene PVC pipes in light brown (equivalent to RGB values: R value (175 - 215), G value (130 - 190), B value (75 - 160)), dark brown (equivalent to RGB values: R value (50 - 140), G value (35 - 105), B value (20 - 60)), black (equivalent to RGB values: R value (0 - 10), G value (0 - 10), B value (0 - 10)), and off-white (equivalent to RGB values: R value (180 - 210), G value (180 - 210), B value (180 - 210)) as materials.

[0258] Four habitats of the same color were placed side by side in parallel as a group, and habitats of different colors were set in different aquariums (60 cm long × 40 cm wide × 30 cm high) for raising Mastacembelus armatus at a rate of 1 group per aquarium to provide habitats and hiding places for Mastacembelus armatus, and the living conditions of Mastacembelus armatus in habitats of different colors were monitored, and the stress level, adaptation level, and feeding ability of Mastacembelus armatus were observed and recorded.

[0259] The judgment criteria for the stress level are as follows: if Mastacembelus armatus does not stay in the habitat, swims quickly when there is movement, and does not feed, the stress level is high; if Mastacembelus armatus occasionally stays in the habitat, the fish swims relatively fast and eats less, the stress level is medium; if Mastacembelus armatus stays in the habitat most of the time, the fish body swims slowly and eats normally, the stress level is low.

[0260] The judgment criteria for the adaptation level are as follows: if Mastacembelus armatus basically lies prostrate in the habitat and comes out for feeding behavior when feeding, the adaptation level is high; if Mastacembelus armatus occasionally stays in the habitat and eats slowly when feeding, the adaptation level is medium; if Mastacembelus armatus swims away from the habitat and basically does not eat, the adaptation level is low.

[0261] The judgment criteria for the feeding ability are as follows: if Mastacembelus armatus waits for food near the feeding platform when feeding, the feeding ability is high; if Mastacembelus armatus needs a certain amount of time to start feeding when feeding, the feeding ability is medium; if Mastacembelus armatus eats less and takes a longer time, the feeding ability is low.

[0262] Table 5 Influence of Habitats of Different Colors

[0263]

[0264] As shown in Table 5, the habitat made of light brown graphene material, which is similar to the color of the natural environment, has a lower stress level, higher adaptability, and higher facility capacity for the wild spiny eels under conservation. While the all-black habitat has a higher stress level, lower adaptability, and lower Celsius capacity for the wild spiny eels under conservation.

[0265] In addition, the survival rate of spiny eels using the light brown habitat increased by 20%, and the prevalence rate decreased by 15%. In the presence of the light brown habitat, the stress level of spiny eels decreased by about 20%.

[0266] (3) Cross-sectional Shape

[0267] Habitats with different cross-sectional shapes were made by measuring and processing light brown graphene PVC pipes, specifically including: circular, square, triangular, oval, and rectangular.

[0268] Four habitats with the same cross-sectional shape were placed side by side in parallel as a group. Different cross-sectional shaped habitats were set in different aquariums 5 for raising spiny eels at a rate of 1 group per tank to provide habitats and hiding places for the spiny eels. The living conditions of wild spiny eels in habitats with different shape specifications were monitored, and the space utilization rate, scratch rate of the spiny eels, as well as the stability and easy cleanability of the habitats were observed and recorded.

[0269] The calculation method of the space utilization rate is: calculated according to the effective area of the upper surface.

[0270] The calculation method of the scratch rate is: count the number and frequency of fish body scratches per day, and the ratio to the total breeding quantity. Continuously count for 10 days, and finally obtain the scratch rate of the fish body after breeding for each shape specification.

[0271] The judgment standard for stability is: according to the influence degree of each habitat by water flow and the activities of cultured fish bodies, during the process of conserving wild spiny eels, if the habitat basically does not move and is less affected by water flow and fish body activities, then the stability is high; if the habitat has a small amount of movement during the process of conserving wild spiny eels, and water flow and fish body activities have a certain influence on the habitat, then the stability is medium; if the habitat moves a large distance during the process of conserving wild spiny eels, and is greatly affected by water flow and fish body activities, then the stability is low.

[0272] The judgment standard for easy cleanability is: if feces and other residues are convenient to scoop up and suck out, then the easy cleanability is easy; if feces and other residues are not scooped up and sucked out cleanly and it takes a long time, then the easy cleanability is difficult.

[0273] Table 6 Influence of Habitation Nests with Different Shape Specifications

[0274]

[0275] As shown in Table 6, through comprehensive comparison in terms of space utilization rate, scratch rate, stability, and ease of cleaning, the circular shape has the best space utilization rate, a scratch rate of 0, the highest stability, and is easy to clean.

[0276] The design of the cylindrical habitation nest enables the water flow and oxygen inside the habitation nest to be smoother. Compared with the square habitation nest, the water flow speed of the cylindrical habitation nest has increased by approximately 23.5%. The oxygen content inside the cylindrical habitation nest can be more than 10% higher than that in the square cage. In the square habitation nest, the large spiny eels are prone to diseases such as tail wear and bacterial infection, while the cylindrical habitation nest can better distribute the positions of the large spiny eels, avoiding overcrowding in a certain area of the habitation nest, thereby reducing competition and stress among the fish and being beneficial to their growth and development. At the same breeding density, the growth rate of the large spiny eels in the cylindrical habitation nest is approximately 16% faster than that in the square habitation nest.

[0277] (4) Angle

[0278] The smooth opening end of the second pipe 202 can prevent scratching the large spiny eels and causing tail rot, provide a more suitable habitation environment for the large spiny eels, reduce the invasion risk of predators, and protect their ecological system status.

[0279] Through comparison, it is found that when the first pipe 201 and the second pipe 202 are connected at different angles, it has a certain impact on the habitation and activities of the large spiny eels. When the angle between the axial direction of the first pipe 201 and the axial direction of the second pipe 202 is 165°, the large spiny eels are more willing to enter the habitation nest, which improves the survival rate of the large spiny eels and can also reduce the adhesion of sediments in the habitation nest and keep the nest unobstructed.

[0280] 4. Auxiliary Lighting

[0281] In the aquarium 5 for raising large spiny eels, install a lighting device 3 with a structure as Figure 6 shown, which consists of an LED lamp 301, a conducting wire 302, and a lighting controller 303. The LED lamp 301 and the lighting controller 303 are connected by the conducting wire 302. The controller 303 is provided with a lighting switch 3031 and a light converter 3032. The lighting switch 3031 is used to control the turning on and off of the LED lamp 301, and the light converter 3031 is used to adjust the light color of the LED lamp 301.

[0282] During the breeding process, the large spiny loach is placed under natural light, and the light converter 3032 is adjusted to irradiate with LED lights of different colors. Monitor the living conditions of the large spiny loach under different LED light conditions, and observe and record the stress level, weight gain, and survival rate of the large spiny loach.

[0283] The judgment criteria for the stress level are as follows: when irradiated with light, if the large spiny loach swims away quickly and is irritable, the stress level is high; if the large spiny loach swims relatively fast when irradiated with light, the stress level is medium; if the large spiny loach swims slowly and shows a certain phototaxis effect when irradiated with light, the stress level is low.

[0284] Evaluate the weight gain based on the difference between the weight after breeding and the weight before breeding.

[0285] The calculation method for the survival rate is: (total number of fish per day - number of dead fish per day) / total number of fish.

[0286] Table 7 Effects of different supplementary lights

[0287]

[0288] As shown in Table 7, continuously irradiating natural light with LED lamp 301 and supplementing with intermittent irradiation of green light and blue light has less impact on the stress level of the cultured large spiny loach, higher weight gain, and higher survival rate, which helps the large spiny loach better adapt to the aquaculture environment in the aquarium and promotes its growth.

[0289] 5. Setting of the feeding table and aquatic plants

[0290] Place a feeding table 4 made of stainless steel near the outlet end of the habitat nest. Its structure is as Figure 7 shown. The feeding table 4 is composed of 3 side walls 401 and 1 bottom plate 402. The 3 side walls 401 surround 3 sides of the bottom plate 402 and are connected to form a "U shape", forming a semi-open space. Feed is placed on the bottom plate 402, and the large spiny loach enters through the opening of the feeding table 4 to feed. The bottom plate 402 is provided with a raised structure to play an anti-slip role to increase friction. On the opposite side of the opening of the feeding table 4, there are 2 ecological floating beds for planting aquatic plants such as Sagittaria trifolia, Scirpus validus, Houttuynia cordata, Mentha haplocalyx, and Prunella vulgaris, to better simulate and restore the natural living environment of the large spiny loach in the wild.

[0291] Feed the purchased conventional feed once a day at 6:00 in the morning and 7:00 in the afternoon in the feeding table 2. Each feeding amount accounts for 2% - 5% of the fish weight to avoid water pollution and indigestion caused by overfeeding.

[0292] 6. Daily feeding management

[0293] According to the actual situation, the aquatic plants in the aquarium should be maintained and updated in a timely manner. Prune the aquatic plants twice a month and regularly clean the feeding platform to avoid the impact of food residues and dirt on water quality.

[0294] Record the activity level and feeding situation of Mastacembelus armatus during daily observation, observing 1 - 2 times a day, with each observation lasting no less than 10 minutes.

[0295] Application of the method for ecological conservation of Mastacembelus armatus in Example 4

[0296] At the Guangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, the method for ecological conservation of Mastacembelus armatus established by the present invention was used to carry out the ecological aquaculture practice of Mastacembelus armatus. The specific steps are as follows:

[0297] 1. Fishing

[0298] Select a clear and gently flowing natural river channel in the Zengjiang River area, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, with a water temperature of 18°C - 25°C, a water depth of 1.5 meters - 5 meters, a dissolved oxygen of more than 5 mg / L, and weakly alkaline. Use a cloth net cage (specification: 0.4 m × 0.4 m × 10 m, purchased from KUHONG specialty store) as shown in Figure 1 as the fishing tool, and put 10 grams of dried shrimps or 20 grams of small fish bait into each cage for fishing.

[0299] From the caught Mastacembelus armatus, select those with a body length of 12 cm - 18 cm for the next stage of feeding.

[0300] 2. Feeding

[0301] (1) Cleaning and disinfection

[0302] According to the method in Example 2, clean and disinfect the aquarium 5 (specification: 60 cm long × 40 cm wide × 30 cm high) as shown in Figure 3 . Then fill 80 liters of water into the aquarium, and put Mastacembelus armatus with a body length of 12 cm - 18 cm at a density of 30 tails / m 3 - 40 tails / m 3 .

[0303] (2) Application of bacteriostatic agent

[0304] Start feeding 1 day after temporary rearing before conservation. From the first day of feeding, evenly put the bacteriostatic agent 1 prepared in Example 2 into the aquarium at a dosage of 6 mg / L, once a day for 2 consecutive days; then put the bacteriostatic agent 2 prepared in Example 2 at the same dose, once a day for 2 consecutive days; repeat this step until the end of feeding.

[0305] (3) Water flow control

[0306] Set the water flow rate of the water pump 1 to 0.05 m / s to 0.15 m / s, set the water flow direction to flow from the center to the surroundings, and set the volume of circulating water per hour to 2 to 3 times.

[0307] (4) Lighting control

[0308] Set the LED lighting condition of the lighting device 3 to natural light (380 nm to 780 nm) and continuously irradiate for 6 h / day to 8 h / day, and irradiate with green light (500 nm to 560 nm) or blue light (450 nm to 480 nm) for 10 min every 2 h.

[0309] (5) Feeding

[0310] Feed the feed of Mastacembelus armatus once a day at 6:00 in the morning and 7:00 in the afternoon on the feeding table 4, and the feeding amount is 1.2 g / tail.

[0311] (6) Monitoring and maintenance

[0312] Use a water quality testing instrument (purchased from Hengxin AZ, China) to monitor the water quality once a week, control the water temperature to be maintained at 24 °C to 28 °C, the pH value to be maintained at 7.0 to 7.5, the ammonia nitrogen content to be maintained at less than 0.02 mg / L, the nitrite content to be maintained at less than 0.1 mg / L, and the dissolved oxygen to be maintained at greater than 5 mg / L.

[0313] Maintain and update the aquatic plants in the aquarium in a timely manner, prune the aquatic plants 2 times a month, and clean the feeding table every 3 days to avoid the impact of food residues and dirt on the water quality.

[0314] Daily observe and record the behavioral activity level and feeding situation of Mastacembelus armatus, observe 2 times a day, and each observation time is not less than 10 minutes.

[0315] 3. Traditional breeding methods of Mastacembelus armatus

[0316] Traditional Mastacembelus armatus is mainly cultured in ponds. The ponds require a quiet environment and are preferably leeward and sunny. It is best to use earthen ponds or cement ponds. Good lighting is required, and there are no large trees blocking around. The ponds are regular, preferably rectangular in the east-west direction, with an aspect ratio of (5:1) to (3:1), an area of 3 to 5 mu, a pond depth of 2 to 2.5 meters, a water depth of 1.5 to 2.0 meters, and the thickness of silt or gravel at the bottom of the pond ≤ 15 cm. The water source is preferably mountain spring water, stream water or deep well water with good water quality. The main equipment required for the main culture of Mastacembelus armatus ponds includes aerators, generators, overwintering greenhouses and heating equipment, etc. In summer, the temperature is relatively high, the metabolism of Mastacembelus armatus is relatively fast, and the accumulation of residual bait and harmful substances causes the breeding speed of bacteria to accelerate, and the water quality is extremely easy to deteriorate. It is necessary to change the water once every 7 to 10 days. Patrol the pond once in the morning, middle and evening, and add one more pond patrol at midnight during the peak growth season of Mastacembelus armatus. The traditional breeding method of Mastacembelus armatus has a high cost, is inconvenient to manage, and is prone to diseases.

[0317] 4. Breeding effect

[0318] Compared with the traditional breeding method of Mastacembelus armatus, the method for ecological conservation of Mastacembelus armatus established by the present invention can increase the growth rate of Mastacembelus armatus by more than about 20%, the survival rate by more than 15%, and significantly reduce the incidence of diseases such as bacterial diseases and saprolegniasis by more than 20%. In addition, this method can also save breeding costs, reduce the impact on the environment, and effectively improve the conservation efficiency of wild populations.

[0319] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description and ideas. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of an antibacterial agent in the preparation of a product for preventing and treating Mastacembelus armatus diseases, Characterized in that, The antibacterial agent is the water extract of component 1 and the water extract of component 2 used separately; Component 1 is composed of Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis with a mass ratio of (3-9):(1-3); Component 2 is composed of Chinese gallnut and Rheum officinale with a mass ratio of (80-160):(4-8); The mass ratio of component 1 to component 2 is (1-2):(1-2).

2. A system for the ecological conservation of Mastacembelus armatus, Characterized in that, The system includes an aquarium, and the Mastacembelus armatus is raised in the aquarium; the water body of the aquarium contains the antibacterial agent described in claim 1: the water extracts of component 1 and component 2 are replaced and used every two days.

3. The system according to claim 2, Characterized in that, The body length of the Mastacembelus armatus before feeding is 12 cm - 18 cm.

4. The system according to claim 2, Characterized in that, There is a habitat nest (2) connected by a first pipe (201) and a second pipe (202) in the aquarium. The colors of the first pipe (201) and the second pipe (202) are both light brown, and the RGB values of the light brown are: R value (175-215), G value (130-190), B value (75-160).

5. The system according to claim 4, Characterized in that, The axial directions of the first pipe (201) and the second pipe (202) form an angle of 162° - 170°.

6. The system according to claim 2, Characterized in that, There is a lighting device (3) in the aquarium. During the period of natural light irradiation, the lighting device (3) is also used to output blue light or green light to irradiate the Mastacembelus armatus for 5 min - 15 min every 1.5 h - 2.5 h.

7. The system according to claim 2, Characterized in that, During the feeding period, the water flow rate of the water body in the aquarium is 0.05 m / s - 0.15 m / s.

Images