A quadrature polarized array antenna switching circuit
By introducing high-isolation logic control switching circuits and orthogonal polarized antennas into the microstrip antenna array, the problem of complex feed networks in existing technologies is solved, and flexible signal control and stable transmission of the array antenna are realized.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI SIFANG COMM ENG CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
Smart Images
Figure CN116759824B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a switching circuit for an orthogonally polarized array antenna. Background Technology
[0002] In today's society, the development of many low-loss dielectric materials and microwave technology has put forward the requirements for miniaturization and wide bandwidth in antenna design, which has led to the rapid development of microstrip antenna technology. Microstrip antennas have the advantages of compact structure, beautiful appearance, small size and light weight. Different designs of microstrip antennas have resulted in different performance characteristics, making them suitable for many wireless communication devices and widely used in communication systems. They can be used in drones, vehicle navigation, vehicle positioning, unmanned driving, individual combat, wilderness survival, surveying and mapping, data transmission, driver's license testing and training, and so on.
[0003] Existing antennas mostly use individual microstrip element arrays as radiators, arranged in a specific array layout to form an array antenna. The feed network lacks logic control switches, so it doesn't automatically switch to other antennas when antenna performance deteriorates. During reception, the power is combined and transmitted to the receiver via a feed power combining network; during transmission, power is distributed to each radiating element via the feed network, not controlled by logic switches. Orthogonal dipole antennas, on the other hand, consist of two identical and orthogonal symmetrical dipoles with equal excitation currents on each dipole. The radiation field of an orthogonal dipole antenna is linearly polarized in the plane containing the dipoles; circularly polarized in the direction normal to that plane; and elliptically polarized in other directions. The axial ratio of the polarization ellipse varies with direction. The radiation pattern of an orthogonal dipole antenna composed of half-wave dipoles is approximately circular in the plane containing the dipoles.
[0004] In the design of microstrip antenna arrays, a feeding network is required to ensure that each antenna element in the microstrip array receives the necessary current amplitude and phase. Array antennas often employ parallel feeding and series feeding methods. In parallel feeding, when an array antenna consisting of M radiating elements transmits a signal, the signal is first distributed to each radiating element by a 1:M power ratio. When receiving a signal, the signals received by the M elements are combined through an M:1 power combining network before being transmitted to the receiver. The M signal channels from the transmitter to each radiating element and from each radiating element to the receiver are all parallel channels. Designing the feeding network for all radiating antenna elements as a single unit is relatively complex. Furthermore, series feeding, consisting of a traveling wave transmission line with a directional coupler and a phase shifter, is often used in frequency-scanning antennas. It achieves beam scanning by changing the signal frequency to alter the "intra-array phase difference" between elements. Given the complexity of designing the feeding network for all radiating antenna elements, we propose an orthogonally polarized array antenna switching circuit. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an orthogonally polarized array antenna switching circuit, which solves the problems mentioned in the background section.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an orthogonally polarized array antenna switching circuit, comprising an output circuit and a circuit board, wherein polarized antennas are distributed on the circuit board, and the polarized antennas include orthogonally polarized antennas and circularly polarized antennas;
[0007] The overall output circuit includes:
[0008] A high-isolation logic control switch circuit, wherein the high-isolation logic control switch circuit performs logic control on the antenna for signal transmission and reception;
[0009] A connection circuit that connects a high-isolation logic control switch circuit to the circuit board.
[0010] A memory circuit that stores circuit data.
[0011] Optionally, one set of circularly polarized antennas is provided, and the circularly polarized antennas are located at the axial center of the circuit board. Six sets of orthogonal polarized antennas are provided, and the six sets of orthogonal polarized antennas are distributed in a circular array with the center of the circularly polarized antenna as the origin.
[0012] Optionally, the element spacing of the orthogonal polarized antenna and the circular polarized antenna is less than half a wavelength, and the radius direction of the circle is the H polarization direction of the element, while the orthogonal direction of H is the V polarization direction of the element.
[0013] Optionally, the circuit board body is made of FR-4 board material, and the dielectric constant of the circuit board body is 4.5±0.5.
[0014] Optionally, in the high isolation logic control switch circuit, RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 are radio frequency signal inputs, RFC is a radio frequency signal output, VC1 and VC2 are control pins, and VDD is the power supply terminal.
[0015] Optionally, the logic voltage levels output by B1 and B0 of the connection circuit are used to control VC1 and VC2 of the logic switch chip U2. The logic voltage levels of VC1 and VC2 determine the activation of one of the pins of RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of chip U2.
[0016] Optionally, the connection circuit includes logic switch chip U2, logic switch chip U3, logic switch chip U4 and logic switch chip U5.
[0017] Optionally, the polarized antenna signals ANT1_H, ANT1_V, ANT2_H, and ANT2_V are respectively input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of the logic switch chip U2, and the logic voltage levels of BO and B1 control the switch chip U2, and the RFC pin of the logic switch chip U2 outputs the signal.
[0018] The polarized antenna signals ANT3_H, ANT3_V, ANT4_H, and ANT4_V are respectively input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of the logic switch chip U3. The logic voltage levels of BO and B1 control the switch chip U3, and the RFC pin of the logic switch chip U3 outputs the signal.
[0019] The polarized antenna signals ANT5_H, ANT5_V, ANT6_H, and ANT6_V are respectively input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of the logic switch chip U5. The logic voltage levels of BO and B1 control the switch chip U5, and the RFC pin of the logic switch chip U5 outputs the signal.
[0020] The RFC pins of logic switch chips U2, U3, and U5 are respectively connected to RF1, RF2, and RF3 of logic switch chip U4. The ANT7 circularly polarized antenna signal is input to RF4 of logic switch chip U4, and the logic voltage levels of B2 and B3 control switch chip U4.
[0021] Optionally, the memory circuit includes a memory chip U1. Pins 1, 2, and 3 of the memory chip U1 are for A0, A1, and A2 chip selection. Pin 4 of the memory chip U1 is the VSS ground pin. Pin 5, SDA of the memory chip U1, is used to define a microcontroller pin that connects to the data pin of the operation chip. Pin 6, SCL of the memory chip U1, is used to define a microcontroller pin that connects to the clock pin of the operation chip. Pin 7 of the memory chip U1 is the WP hardware write protection pin. Pin 8 of the memory chip U1 is the VCC power supply pin.
[0022] This invention provides an orthogonally polarized array antenna switching circuit. It has the following advantages:
[0023] 1. The orthogonal polarization array antenna switching circuit controls the logic switch through the logic voltage level output by the connector. The logic switch executes commands according to the user's needs to obtain antennas with different polarizations. Then, the desired polarization antenna is obtained through the output of the RF connector. The antenna design uses a microstrip PCB arranged in a circular form, with FR-4 board material and a dielectric constant of 4.5±0.5. It adopts chemical gold plating and is covered with green oil to prevent the antenna from oxidizing and deteriorating its performance.
[0024] 2. The orthogonally polarized array antenna switching circuit allows each unit array antenna to receive and transmit independently. The antenna is in the form of a microstrip PCB with a dielectric constant of 4.4±0.5.
[0025] 3. The orthogonal polarization array antenna switching circuit uses a logic switch chip to control any antenna element, and can output different independent array element radiation signals or signals in different independent array element H polarization or V polarization directions. The microstrip line connected to it is a 50Ω impedance line. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high isolation logic control switching circuit of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the logical truth structure of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection circuit structure of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the memory circuit of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit board body of the present invention.
[0031] In the diagram: 1. Circuit board; 2. Orthogonal polarized antenna; 3. Circular polarized antenna. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0033] Please see Figures 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: an orthogonal polarized array antenna switching circuit, including an output circuit and a circuit board 1, wherein polarized antennas are distributed on the circuit board 1, and the polarized antennas include a microstrip orthogonal polarized antenna 2 and a circular polarized antenna 3;
[0034] The output circuit includes:
[0035] High isolation logic control switching circuit: This circuit provides logic control for signal transmission and reception of the antenna.
[0036] The connection circuit connects the high-isolation logic control switch circuit to the circuit board 1.
[0037] Memory circuits store circuit data.
[0038] One set of circularly polarized antennas 3 is provided, located at the axial center of the circuit board 1. Six sets of orthogonally polarized antennas 2 are provided, arranged in a circular array with the center of the circularly polarized antennas 3 as the origin. The element spacing between the orthogonally polarized antennas 2 and the circularly polarized antennas 3 is less than half a wavelength, and the radius direction is the H-polarization direction of the element, while the H-orthogonal direction is the V-polarization direction of the element. The circuit board 1 is made of FR-4 substrate, and its dielectric constant is 4.5 ± 0.5.
[0039] In the high isolation logic control switch circuit, RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 are RF signal inputs, RFC is the RF signal output, VC1 and VC2 are control pins, and VDD is the power supply terminal.
[0040] The logic voltage levels output from B1 and B0 of the connection circuit control VC1 and VC2 of the logic switch chip U2. The logic voltage levels of VC1 and VC2 determine the activation of one of the RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 pins of chip U2. It uses either H-polarization or V-polarization of ANT1, or H-polarization or V-polarization of ANT2. Additionally, each signal pin is equipped with ESD protection diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4, and matching grounded inductors L1, L2, L3, and L4. The ESD protection diodes are added because static electricity can be converted into DC signals along the gaps in the casing, seeking a metal path. Since the antenna has a large metal area and is a good conductor of static electricity, the static electricity is likely to flow from the antenna along the RF path. The ASM is the IC closest to the antenna, so it is essential to prevent static electricity from flowing to the transceiver. The grounded inductors can reduce the impact of third harmonic distortion (THD) and are matched as needed.
[0041] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the connection circuit includes logic switch chips U2, U3, U4, and U5. The polarized antenna signals ANT1_H, ANT1_V, ANT2_H, and ANT2_V are input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of logic switch chip U2, respectively. The logic voltage levels BO and B1 control switch chip U2, and the RFC pin of logic switch chip U2 outputs the signal.
[0042] The polarized antenna signals ANT3_H, ANT3_V, ANT4_H, and ANT4_V are input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of the logic switch chip U3, respectively. The logic voltage levels of BO and B1 control the switch chip U3, and the logic switch chip U3 outputs from its RFC pin.
[0043] The polarized antenna signals ANT5_H, ANT5_V, ANT6_H, and ANT6_V are input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of the logic switch chip U5, respectively. The logic voltage levels of BO and B1 control the switch chip U5, and the logic switch chip U5 outputs from its RFC pin.
[0044] The RFC pins of logic switch chips U2, U3, and U5 are connected to RF1, RF2, and RF3 of logic switch chip U4, respectively. The ANT7 circularly polarized antenna signal is input to RF4 of logic switch chip U4, and the logic voltage levels of B2 and B3 control switch chip U4.
[0045] It is worth noting that the memory circuit includes memory chip U1. Pins 1, 2, and 3 of memory chip U1 are for selecting A0, A1, and A2 chips, pin 4 of memory chip U1 is the VSS ground pin, pin 5 SDA of memory chip U1 is used for macro definition and connection of microcontroller pins to the data pins of the operation chip, pin 6 SCL of memory chip U1 is used for macro definition and connection of microcontroller pins to the clock pins of the operation chip, pin 7 of memory chip U1 is WP hardware write protection, and pin 8 of memory chip U1 is the VCC power supply terminal.
[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A switching circuit for an orthogonally polarized array antenna, characterized in that: It includes an output circuit and a circuit board (1), on which polarized antennas are distributed, including orthogonal polarized antennas (2) and circular polarized antennas (3). The overall output circuit includes: A high-isolation logic control switch circuit, wherein the high-isolation logic control switch circuit performs logic control on the antenna for signal transmission and reception; A connection circuit is provided, which connects the high-isolation logic control switch circuit to the circuit board body (1); A memory circuit that stores circuit data; The circularly polarized antenna (3) is provided in one set, and the circularly polarized antenna (3) is located at the axial center of the circuit board body (1). The orthogonal polarized antenna (2) is provided in six sets, and the six sets of orthogonal polarized antennas (2) are distributed in a circular array with the center of the circularly polarized antenna (3) as the origin. In the high isolation logic control switch circuit, RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 are radio frequency signal inputs, RFC is a radio frequency signal output, VC1 and VC2 are control pins, and VDD is the power supply terminal. The logic voltage levels output by B1 and B0 of the connection circuit control VC1 and VC2 of the logic switch chip U2. The logic voltage levels of VC1 and VC2 determine the activation of one of the pins of RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of chip U2. The connection circuit includes logic switch chip U2, logic switch chip U3, logic switch chip U4 and logic switch chip U5; The polarized antenna signals ANT1_H, ANT1_V, ANT2_H, and ANT2_V are respectively input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of the logic switch chip U2. The logic voltage levels of BO and B1 control the switch chip U2, and the RFC pin of the logic switch chip U2 outputs the signal. The polarized antenna signals ANT3_H, ANT3_V, ANT4_H, and ANT4_V are respectively input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of the logic switch chip U3. The logic voltage levels of BO and B1 control the switch chip U3, and the RFC pin of the logic switch chip U3 outputs the signal. The polarized antenna signals ANT5_H, ANT5_V, ANT6_H, and ANT6_V are respectively input to RF1, RF2, RF3, and RF4 of the logic switch chip U5. The logic voltage levels of BO and B1 control the switch chip U5, and the RFC pin of the logic switch chip U5 outputs the signal. The RFC pins of logic switch chips U2, U3, and U5 are respectively connected to RF1, RF2, and RF3 of logic switch chip U4. The ANT7 circularly polarized antenna signal is input to RF4 of logic switch chip U4, and the logic voltage levels of B2 and B3 control switch chip U4.
2. The orthogonally polarized array antenna switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the array elements of the orthogonal polarized antenna (2) and the circular polarized antenna (3) is less than half a wavelength, and the radius of the circle is the H polarization direction of the array element, while the orthogonal direction of H is the V polarization direction of the array element.
3. The orthogonally polarized array antenna switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit board body (1) is made of FR-4 board material, and the dielectric constant of the circuit board body (1) is 4.5±0.
5.
4. The orthogonally polarized array antenna switching circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The memory circuit includes a memory chip U1. Pins 1, 2, and 3 of the memory chip U1 are for selecting A0, A1, and A2 chips, pin 4 of the memory chip U1 is the VSS ground pin, pin 5 SDA of the memory chip U1 is used to define a microcontroller pin that connects to the data pin of the operation chip, pin 6 SCL of the memory chip U1 is used to define a microcontroller pin that connects to the clock pin of the operation chip, pin 7 of the memory chip U1 is the WP hardware write protection, and pin 8 of the memory chip U1 is the VCC power supply terminal.