Adaptable cutting arm and tunneling machine and method of operation of a tunneling machine

Abstract

The application relates to a cutting arm and a tunneling machine suitable for limited underground space and a tunneling machine working method, and belongs to the field of tunneling machine equipment.The cutting arm comprises a milling head and a disc cutter, and further comprises: a milling shaft, one end of the milling shaft being connected with the milling head; a first sliding shaft, the first sliding shaft being sleeved outside the milling shaft and being rotationally connected with the milling shaft; a driving assembly, the driving assembly being installed in the first sliding shaft and being used for driving the milling shaft to rotate; a second sliding shaft, the second sliding shaft being slidably sleeved outside the first sliding shaft, and the first sliding shaft drives the milling head to move into the second sliding shaft, the disc cutter being arranged on the second sliding shaft and being located at one end of the second sliding shaft for the first sliding shaft to extend out; a first power unit; a shell; a second power unit; and the cutting arm has the effects of improving rock breaking efficiency, reducing wear of the milling head and the disc cutter, being applicable to different cutting objects and different underground space conditions, and being green and environmentally-friendly in mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunneling machine equipment, specifically to a cutting arm adapted to underground spaces, a tunneling machine, and a tunneling machine working method. Background Technology

[0002] The energy industry is a fundamental industry of my country's economy. With the rapid development of my country's society and economy, the demand for coal energy continues to grow. The complex and ever-changing geological environment during the tunneling process has led to low tunneling efficiency and an imbalance between mining and excavation, which has become the main reason restricting coal mining in my country.

[0003] Hard rock tunneling equipment has become a bottleneck restricting the coordinated operation of coal mining and tunnel excavation in mines. In the face of complex geological environments, timely adoption of appropriate rock-breaking tools is an effective means to greatly improve rock-breaking efficiency, which is of great significance for achieving efficient mining of underground resources, efficient tunnel excavation, and efficient development of my country's energy resources.

[0004] Currently, coal mine roadway excavation still primarily employs drill-and-blast methods and mechanical cutting tools for rock breaking. Previously, improving the efficiency of mechanical cutting tools was mainly achieved by increasing the mechanical drive power to mechanically break hard rocks. However, the rock-breaking capability of the cutting tools remained unchanged. Simply increasing the power not only leads to energy waste and economic losses but also accelerates the wear of the cutting tools and increases dust levels at the working face. Given the complex and varied underground environments, achieving safe, efficient, and green mining of ore resources requires more than just a single cutting head; frequent replacement of mining machinery is necessary, reducing mining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a cutting arm and tunneling machine adapted to underground spaces with limited space, as well as a method for operating the tunneling machine.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a cutting arm adapted to confined underground space, including a milling head and a disc hob, and further comprising:

[0007] A milling spindle, one end of which is connected to a milling head;

[0008] A first sliding shaft is sleeved on the outside of the milling shaft and rotatably connected to the milling shaft;

[0009] A drive assembly, which is mounted in a first sliding shaft and is used to drive the milling shaft to rotate;

[0010] The second sliding shaft is slidably sleeved outside the first sliding shaft, and the first sliding shaft drives the milling head to move into the second sliding shaft. The disc hob is disposed on the second sliding shaft and located at the end of the second sliding shaft from which the first sliding shaft extends.

[0011] A first power unit is installed inside a second sliding shaft and is used to drive the first sliding shaft to move axially.

[0012] The outer casing is slidably sleeved on the outside of the second sliding shaft and connected to the tunneling machine;

[0013] The second power unit is installed inside the housing and is used to drive the second sliding shaft to move axially along the housing.

[0014] The second sliding shaft has a stepped surface, and the radial portion of the stepped surface abuts against the end of the outer casing;

[0015] The milling head is equipped with a PDC drill bit;

[0016] The milling head is equipped with an eccentric block inside;

[0017] The drive assembly includes a hydraulic motor, and the milling shaft is connected inside the output end of the hydraulic motor;

[0018] The milling shaft is provided with a milling flow channel that communicates with the milling nozzle on the PDC drill bit, and the hydraulic motor is provided with a rotary conveying component that is connected to the milling shaft and supplies water to the milling flow channel.

[0019] The rotary conveying assembly includes a rotary shaft, a valve body, and an end cap. A first flow channel is provided through the rotary shaft. The rotary shaft is threadedly connected to the milled flow channel and partially inserted into the valve body. The rotary shaft and the valve body are coaxially rotatably connected. One end of the end cap is threadedly connected to the valve body. A second flow channel communicating with the first flow channel is opened in the end cap. The end of the second flow channel away from the valve body extends to the outside of the end cap and is connected to a water source through a pipeline. A sealing unit is provided between the rotary shaft and the end cap, which can cooperate with the rotary shaft to rotate and allow water to enter the first flow channel from the second flow channel.

[0020] The sealing unit includes a sealing guide sleeve and a retaining ring. The rotating shaft has a countersunk hole at one end located in the valve body, which is coaxially distributed with the first flow channel. The sealing guide sleeve is fixed in the countersunk hole. The two ends of the retaining ring abut against the sealing guide sleeve and the end cap, respectively. The inner rings of the sealing guide sleeve and the retaining ring connect the first flow channel and the second flow channel.

[0021] The second sliding shaft is provided with a radial flow channel. One end of the radial flow channel is connected to the flow channel of the jet nozzle on the disc cutter, and the other end extends radially out along the second sliding shaft and is connected to a water source through a pipeline.

[0022] The second sliding shaft is equipped with a three-axis accelerometer near the disc cutter, which is used to sense the motion path and working status of the disc cutter and transmit signals to the controller.

[0023] An axial flow channel parallel to the axis is provided through the second sliding shaft. The axial flow channel is connected to the water source through a pipeline and is also connected to the flow channel of the spray nozzle on the disc cutter.

[0024] The first power unit includes a first hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to a first sliding shaft, the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to a second power unit through a second sliding shaft, and the first hydraulic cylinder and the second sliding shaft move synchronously under the drive of the second power unit.

[0025] The first sliding shaft has a sealing cover at one end facing the first oil cylinder. The side wall of the sealing cover has a shaft cover. The side of the shaft cover facing the sealing cover has a cavity. The side wall of the shaft cover has an opening for the pipeline to pass through. The piston rod of the first oil cylinder is connected to the shaft cover.

[0026] The second power unit includes a second hydraulic cylinder disposed within the housing, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to a second sliding shaft and the first power unit.

[0027] The outer casing is provided with a fixing plate at the end away from the milling head, and the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder is connected to the fixing plate. The fixing plate is provided with a positioning groove plate for the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder to be inserted.

[0028] A tunneling machine, comprising a cutting arm as described in any one of claims 1-16.

[0029] A method for operating a tunneling machine includes three working conditions:

[0030] When the target material is coal, the first hydraulic cylinder drives the milling head to extend out of the second sliding shaft, the hydraulic motor controls the milling head to rotate at a low speed, and the swing mechanism of the tunneling machine drives the PDC drill bit and the milling head to swing up and down or horizontally to mine coal; high-pressure water is input into the rotating shaft through the pipeline, forming a rotating jet at the milling nozzle of the PDC drill bit, and the rotating jet assists the PDC drill bit and the milling head in breaking the coal.

[0031] When the target material is semi-coal and rock, the first hydraulic cylinder drives the milling head to extend beyond the second sliding shaft, the hydraulic motor controls the milling head to rotate at a low speed, and the tunneling machine's swing mechanism drives the milling head to swing up and down or horizontally, driving the PDC drill bit and the milling head to mill the coal; after the coal is partially milled, the PDC drill bit and the milling head retract into the second sliding shaft, the second hydraulic cylinder drives the disc cutter to extend, the disc cutter vibrates under the high-speed rotation of the milling head, and under the drive of the tunneling machine's swing mechanism, it excavates the rock; the three-axis accelerometer monitors the working direction of the disc cutter, and high-pressure water is input into the jet nozzle and spray nozzle of the disc cutter through the radial flow channel and the axial flow channel respectively, forming a perforated jet and a spray jet to assist the vibrating disc cutter in cutting and breaking rocks and reducing dust;

[0032] When excavating the target rock, the first hydraulic cylinder drives the milling head to extend beyond the second sliding shaft, the pressure motor controls the milling head to rotate at a low speed, and the swing mechanism of the tunneling machine drives the milling head to swing up and down or horizontally, so that the PDC drill bit drills a groove of a certain depth in the rock mass. Then the first hydraulic cylinder drives the PDC drill bit to retract; the second hydraulic cylinder drives the disc cutter to insert into the drilled groove, and the perforation jet assists the vibrating disc cutter to cut and break the rock and reduce dust. The disc cutter excavates the rock mass under the coordination and control of the swing mechanism.

[0033] By employing the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:

[0034] 1. The first and second hydraulic cylinders drive the milling head and disc cutter to extend and retract, respectively. Two different cutter heads are integrated on one cutting arm, which enables the selection of the appropriate cutter head for rock milling work when facing different rock masses. This improves the length of the cutting arm and the rock breaking efficiency, while also reducing the wear on the milling head and disc cutter. The overall length of the cutting arm is adjustable, making it suitable for underground spaces in different situations and with a wide range of applications.

[0035] 2. The milling head adopts an eccentric structure, which can generate eccentric force during operation, which helps to reduce the stress on the disc hob and improve rock breaking efficiency.

[0036] 3. It adopts a multi-mode rock breaking method, which can adapt to the rapid mechanized mining of coal, semi-coal rock and rock mass, and has good geological applicability to complex conditions.

[0037] 4. High-pressure water jet assists disc cutter in rock breaking, and the water supply to the milling head is connected by a rotary conveyor assembly, which reduces the complexity of water flow transmission in traditional tunneling machines and improves the reliability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the first and second hydraulic cylinders of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the milling head and PDC drill bit of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a front view of the PDC drill bit;

[0043] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0044] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram illustrating the jet nozzle and spray nozzle of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the rotary conveyor assembly of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the radial and axial flow channels of the present invention.

[0047] In the diagram: 1. Milling head; 2. Disc hob; 201. Jet nozzle; 202. Spray nozzle; 3. First sliding shaft; 4. Second sliding shaft; 401. Stepped surface; 5. Housing; 6. PDC drill bit; 601. Milling nozzle; 7. Eccentric block; 8. Hydraulic motor; 9. Milling shaft; 901. Milling channel; 10. Rotary conveyor assembly; 101. Rotary shaft; 1011. First channel; 102. Valve body; 103. End cap; 1031. Second channel; 104. Sealing guide sleeve; 105. Retaining ring; 106. Countersunk hole; 11. Radial channel; 12. Triaxial accelerometer; 13. Axial channel; 14. First cylinder; 141. Sealing cover; 142. Shaft cover; 1421. Cavity; 1422. Opening; 15. Second cylinder; 16. Fixing plate; 161. Positioning groove plate. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a cutting arm adapted to underground space constraints according to the present invention includes a milling head 1, a milling shaft 9, a first sliding shaft 3, a drive assembly, a second sliding shaft 4, a first power unit, a disc hob 2, and a housing 5.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the milling head 1 has cutting teeth, and an eccentric block 7 is provided on the inner wall of the milling head 1. The eccentric block 7 causes the vertical distance between this part of the inner wall of the milling head 1 and its axis to gradually increase from the head to the end along its axial direction. When the milling head 1 rotates, the structure of the eccentric block 7 causes it to vibrate.

[0051] A PDC drill bit 6 is welded to the front end of the milling head 1 to replace some of the cutting teeth on the milling head 1, and the PDC drill bit 6 only retains the head milling part; the PDC drill bit 6 has a milling nozzle 601, which is connected to the inside of the PDC drill bit 6, and the PDC drill bit 6 is connected to the inside of the milling head 1. The water supply system on the tunneling machine can deliver water to the milling nozzle 601 on the PDC drill bit 6 through the inside of the milling head 1.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, the first sliding shaft 3 is internally continuous, and the milling shaft 9 is coaxially rotatably connected within the first sliding shaft 3. One end of the milling shaft 9 is connected to the milling head 1, which is located outside the first sliding shaft 3. The drive assembly includes a hydraulic motor 8, which is a high-power, low-speed, high-torque through-type hydraulic motor 8. The hydraulic motor 8 is fixed within the first sliding shaft 3 by screws. The end of the milling shaft 9 is connected within the hydraulic motor 8, and the two are coupled and transmitted through a spline. When the hydraulic motor 8 is working, it drives the milling shaft 9 to rotate via the spline, and the milling shaft 9 drives the milling head 1 to rotate and cut.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the second sliding shaft 4 has a deep hole structure inside and multiple holes at the end for pipelines to pass through; the first sliding shaft 3 is slidably connected inside the second sliding shaft 4 and the two are coaxially distributed. The outer wall of the first sliding shaft 3 and the inner wall of the second sliding shaft 4 are slidably fitted by splines to limit the relative rotation between the first sliding shaft 3 and the second sliding shaft 4. The maximum outer diameter of the milling head 1 and the PDC drill bit 6 is not greater than the inner diameter of the second sliding shaft 4, so that the milling head 1 and the PDC drill bit 6 can slide into the second sliding shaft 4.

[0054] like Figure 6 As shown, the disc hob 2 is mounted on the second sliding shaft 4 and located at the end of the second sliding shaft 4 from which the first sliding shaft 3 extends. The disc hob 2 has a jet nozzle 201 and a spray nozzle 202. The eccentrically positioned milling head 1 vibrates under high-speed rotation, causing the disc hob 2 to vibrate during cutting, which helps to reduce the peak cutting load and reduce wear on the disc hob 2.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, the second sliding shaft 4 is partially slidably connected inside the housing 5 and the two are coaxially distributed. The housing 5 is connected to the tunneling machine. The second sliding shaft 4 is provided with a stepped surface 401, which makes the second sliding shaft 4 a two-stage stepped shaft. The outer wall of the smaller outer diameter section of the second sliding shaft 4 and the inner wall of the housing 5 are both provided with splines. The two are slidably engaged by the splines. The front end of the housing 5 abuts against the radial part of the stepped surface 401 of the second sliding shaft 4 to limit the distance that the second sliding shaft 4 can slide into the housing 5.

[0056] like Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the first power unit includes a first hydraulic cylinder 14 located inside the second sliding shaft 4, and the second power unit includes a second hydraulic cylinder 15 located inside the housing 5. A sealing cover 141 is fixed to the end of the first sliding shaft 3 away from the milling head 1 by screws. A shaft cover 142 is provided on the side wall of the sealing cover 141. A cavity 1421 is provided on the side of the shaft cover 142 facing the sealing cover 141. An opening 1422 for a pipeline to pass through is provided on the side wall of the shaft cover 142. The piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 14 is connected to the shaft cover 142. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 14 passes through the second sliding shaft 4 and is connected to the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 15 by screws, and the first hydraulic cylinder 14 and the second hydraulic cylinder 15 are arranged coaxially. The piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 15 is fixed to the second sliding shaft 4 by screws. A fixing plate 16 is fixed to the end of the outer casing 5 away from the second sliding shaft 4 by screws. The side wall of the fixing plate 16 is provided with a positioning groove plate 161. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 15 is inserted into the positioning groove plate 161 and connected to the fixing plate 16 by screws. The positioning groove plate 161 plays a positioning role for the second hydraulic cylinder 15, so that the second hydraulic cylinder 15 and the outer casing 5 are coaxially distributed, which is beneficial to the stability of their relative movement.

[0057] The first hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the first sliding shaft 3 to extend and retract, causing the milling head 1 to move into or out of the second sliding shaft 4. The second hydraulic cylinder 15 drives the second sliding shaft 4 to extend and retract, causing the overall cutting arm length to change. The operator can select the appropriate cutting head for cutting according to the actual working conditions, improving the effective utilization rate of the milling head 1 or the disc hob 2 and reducing wear. In addition, the extension and retraction adjustment of the first sliding shaft 3 and the second sliding shaft 4 makes the length of the cutting arm suitable for different underground spaces.

[0058] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a milling flow channel 901 is provided through the milling shaft 9 and is coaxially distributed therewith. The milling flow channel 901 is connected to the flow channel of each milling nozzle 601 on the PDC drill bit 6. The hydraulic motor 8 is provided with a rotary conveying assembly 10 that is connected to the milling shaft 9 and supplies water to the milling flow channel 901.

[0059] like Figure 7As shown, the rotary conveying assembly 10 includes a rotary shaft 101, a valve body 102, and an end cap 103. A first flow channel 1011, coaxially distributed with the rotary shaft 101, is provided through the rotary shaft 101. The rotary shaft 101 is partially inserted into the valve body 102, and the rotary shaft 101 and the valve body 102 are coaxially rotatably connected. One end of the rotary shaft 101 located outside the valve body 102 is threaded into the milled flow channel 901. One end of the end cap 103 is threaded into the valve body 102, and the other end passes through… The hydraulic motor 8 is located in the cavity 1421 of the shaft cover 142. The end cover 103 has a second flow channel 1031 that is coaxially distributed with the first flow channel 1011. The end of the second flow channel 1031 that is away from the valve body 102 extends vertically to the outside of the end cover 103 and is connected to the high-pressure water source through a pipeline. A sealing unit is provided between the rotating shaft 101 and the end cover 103, which can cooperate with the rotating shaft 101 to rotate and allow water to enter the first flow channel 1011 from the second flow channel 1031.

[0060] The sealing unit includes a sealing guide sleeve 104 and a retaining ring 105. The rotating shaft 101 is located inside the valve body 102 and has a countersunk hole 106 coaxially distributed with the first flow channel 1011. The sealing guide sleeve 104 is fixed in the countersunk hole 106. One end of the retaining ring 105 is inserted into the countersunk hole 106 and abuts against the sealing guide sleeve 104, and the other end abuts against the end cap 103. The second flow channel 1031 is connected to the first flow channel 1011 through the sealing guide sleeve 104 and the retaining ring 105. The inner diameters of the sealing guide sleeve 104, the retaining ring 105 and the second flow channel 1031 are the same and smaller than the inner diameter of the first flow channel 1011.

[0061] Both the sealing guide sleeve 104 and the retaining ring 105 are made of wear-resistant materials. When the milling shaft 9 rotates, it drives the rotating shaft 101 to rotate. The rotating shaft 101 drives the sealing guide sleeve 104 to rotate relative to the retaining ring 105, thus achieving a rotary seal. High-pressure water is introduced into the second flow channel 1031 through a pipeline, and then into the milling flow channel 901 through the first flow channel 1011. It is then delivered to the milling nozzles 601 on each PDC drill bit 6. When the milling head 1 rotates, the water jets sprayed from each milling nozzle 601 form a rotating jet, which can assist the PDC drill bit 6 in breaking.

[0062] like Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the second sliding shaft 4 is provided with a radial flow channel 11. One end of the radial flow channel 11 is connected to the flow channel of the jet nozzle 201 on the disc cutter 2, and the other end extends radially out along the second sliding shaft 4 and is connected to a high-pressure water source through a pipeline. A three-axis accelerometer 12 is installed on the second sliding shaft 4 near the disc cutter 2 to sense the motion path and working status of the disc cutter 2 and transmit signals to the controller.

[0063] An axial flow channel 13 parallel to the axis is provided inside the second sliding shaft 4. The axial flow channel 13 is connected to a high-pressure water source through a pipeline and is connected to the flow channel of the spray nozzle 202 on the disc cutter 2.

[0064] High-pressure water is delivered to the jet nozzle 201 and spray nozzle 202 of the disc cutter 2 through the radial flow channel 11 and the axial flow channel 13, respectively, forming a jet and a spray to assist the operation of the disc cutter 2 and play a role in dust suppression.

[0065] This application provides a tunneling machine, which includes any of the cutting arms provided above. The type of tunneling machine can be determined according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this. Here, the tunneling machine may also include a swing mechanism for driving the cutting arm to swing horizontally and vertically.

[0066] This application provides a method for operating a tunneling machine using the above-mentioned cutting arm, including three working conditions:

[0067] When the target material is coal, the first hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the milling head 1 to extend out of the second sliding shaft 4, the hydraulic motor 8 controls the milling head 1 to rotate at a low speed, and the swing mechanism of the tunneling machine drives the PDC drill bit 6 and the milling head 1 to swing up and down or horizontally to mine coal; high pressure water is input into the rotating shaft 101 through the pipeline, forming a rotating jet at the milling nozzle 601 of the PDC drill bit 6, and the rotating jet assists the PDC drill bit 6 and the milling head 1 in breaking the coal;

[0068] When the target material is semi-coal and rock, the first hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the milling head 1 to extend out of the second sliding shaft 4, the hydraulic motor 8 controls the milling head 1 to rotate at a low speed, and the swing mechanism of the tunneling machine drives the milling head 1 to swing up and down or horizontally, driving the PDC drill bit 6 and the milling head 1 to mill the coal; after the coal part is milled, the PDC drill bit 6 and the milling head 1 retract into the second sliding shaft 4, the second hydraulic cylinder 15 drives the disc cutter 2 to extend, the disc cutter 2 vibrates under the high speed rotation of the milling head 1, and excavates the rock under the drive of the swing mechanism of the tunneling machine; the three-axis acceleration sensor 12 monitors the working direction of the disc cutter 2, and high-pressure water is input into the jet nozzle 201 and spray nozzle 202 of the disc cutter 2 through the radial flow channel 11 and the axial flow channel 13 respectively, forming a perforated jet and a spray jet to assist the vibration of the disc cutter 2 in cutting and breaking rocks and reducing dust;

[0069] When excavating the target rock, the first hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the milling head 1 to extend out of the second sliding shaft 4, the pressure motor controls the milling head 1 to rotate at a low speed, and the swing mechanism of the tunneling machine drives the milling head 1 to swing up and down or horizontally, so that the PDC drill bit 6 drills a groove of a certain depth in the rock mass. Then the first hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the PDC drill bit 6 to retract; the second hydraulic cylinder 15 drives the disc cutter 2 to insert into the drilled groove, and the perforation jet assists the vibrating disc cutter 2 to cut and break the rock and reduce dust. The disc cutter 2 excavates the rock mass under the cooperation and control of the swing mechanism.

[0070] Faced with complex and varied underground environments, the milling head 1 and the disc hob 2 can be selected for cutting according to different objects without repeated disassembly and replacement, saving time and improving mining efficiency. At the same time, the water flow from the nozzle reduces dust during the cutting process, achieving efficient and green mining.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein.

[0072] The meaning of "and / or" as used in this application includes situations where each exists alone or both exist simultaneously.

[0073] The term "connection" as used in this application can mean a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components through other components.

[0074] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cutting arm adapted to confined underground space, comprising a milling head (1) and a disc hob (2), characterized in that, Also includes: A milling shaft (9), one end of which is connected to a milling head (1); The first sliding shaft (3) is sleeved on the outside of the milling shaft (9) and rotatably connected to the milling shaft (9); A drive assembly, which is mounted in the first sliding shaft (3) and is used to drive the milling shaft (9) to rotate; The second sliding shaft (4) is slidably sleeved outside the first sliding shaft (3), and the first sliding shaft (3) drives the milling head (1) to move into the second sliding shaft (4). The disc hob (2) is set on the second sliding shaft (4) and located at the end of the second sliding shaft (4) from which the first sliding shaft (3) extends. The first power unit is installed inside the second sliding shaft (4) and is used to drive the first sliding shaft (3) to move axially. The first power unit includes a first oil cylinder (14), the piston rod of the first oil cylinder (14) is connected to the first sliding shaft (3), and the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder (14) passes through the second sliding shaft (4) and is connected to the second power unit. The first oil cylinder (14) and the second sliding shaft (4) move synchronously under the drive of the second power unit. The outer casing (5) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the second sliding shaft (4) and connected to the tunneling machine; The second power unit is installed inside the housing (5) and is used to drive the second sliding shaft (4) to move axially along the housing (5). The second power unit includes a second oil cylinder (15) disposed inside the housing (5). The piston rod of the second oil cylinder (15) is connected to the second sliding shaft (4) and the first power unit. A fixing plate (16) is provided at one end of the housing (5) away from the milling head (1). The cylinder body of the second oil cylinder (15) is connected to the fixing plate (16). The fixing plate (16) is provided with a positioning groove plate (161) for the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder (15) to be inserted. The second sliding shaft (4) is provided with a stepped surface (401), and the radial part of the stepped surface (401) abuts against the end of the outer shell (5); A PDC drill bit (6) is mounted on the milling head (1), and the maximum diameter of the PDC drill bit (6) is not greater than the inner diameter of the second sliding shaft (4); The milling head (1) is provided with an eccentric block (7) inside; The drive assembly includes a hydraulic motor (8), and the milling shaft (9) is connected inside the output end of the hydraulic motor (8); The milling shaft (9) is provided with a milling flow channel (901) that communicates with the milling nozzle (601) on the PDC drill bit (6). The hydraulic motor (8) is provided with a rotary conveying assembly (10) that is connected to the milling shaft (9) and supplies water to the milling flow channel (901).

2. The cutting arm adapted to confined underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary conveying assembly (10) includes a rotary shaft (101), a valve body (102), and an end cap (103). A first flow channel (1011) is provided through the rotary shaft (101). The rotary shaft (101) is threadedly connected to a milled flow channel (901) and partially inserted into the valve body (102). The rotary shaft (101) and the valve body (102) are coaxially rotatably connected. One end of the end cap (103) is threaded into the valve body (102). A second flow channel (1031) communicating with the first flow channel (1011) is provided inside the end cap (103). The end of the second flow channel (1031) away from the valve body (102) extends to the outside of the end cap (103) and is connected to a water source via a pipe. A mating rotary shaft (101) is provided between the rotary shaft (101) and the end cap (103). The sealing unit is rotated and water is fed from the second flow channel (1031) into the first flow channel (1011).

3. A cutting arm adapted to confined underground space according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing unit includes a sealing guide sleeve (104) and a retaining ring (105). The rotating shaft (101) has a countersunk hole (106) located at one end inside the valve body (102) that is coaxially distributed with the first flow channel (1011). The sealing guide sleeve (104) is fixed inside the countersunk hole (106). The two ends of the retaining ring (105) abut against the sealing guide sleeve (104) and the end cap (103) respectively. The inner rings of the sealing guide sleeve (104) and the retaining ring (105) connect the first flow channel (1011) and the second flow channel (1031).

4. A cutting arm adapted to confined underground space according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second sliding shaft (4) is provided with a radial flow channel (11). One end of the radial flow channel (11) is connected to the flow channel of the jet nozzle (201) on the disc cutter (2), and the other end extends radially out along the second sliding shaft (4) and is connected to the water source through a pipeline.

5. A cutting arm adapted to confined underground space according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second sliding shaft (4) is equipped with a three-axis accelerometer (12) near the disc cutter (2) to sense the motion path and working status of the disc cutter (2) and transmit signals to the controller.

6. A cutting arm adapted to confined underground space according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second sliding shaft (4) has an axial flow channel (13) that is parallel to the axis. The axial flow channel (13) is connected to the water source through a pipeline and is connected to the flow channel of the spray nozzle (202) on the disc cutter (2).

7. A cutting arm adapted to confined underground space according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first sliding shaft (3) has a sealing cover (141) at one end facing the first oil cylinder (14). The sealing cover (141) has a shaft cover (142) on its side wall. The shaft cover (142) has a cavity (1421) on one side facing the sealing cover (141). The shaft cover (142) has an opening (1422) on its side wall for the passage of the pipeline. The piston rod of the first oil cylinder (14) is connected to the shaft cover (142).

8. A tunneling machine, characterized in that, Includes the cutting arm as described in claim 7.

9. A method for operating a tunneling machine, characterized in that, Including the tunneling machine as described in claim 8, comprising three operating conditions: When the target material is coal, the first hydraulic cylinder drives the milling head to extend out of the second sliding shaft, the hydraulic motor controls the milling head to rotate at a low speed, and the swing mechanism of the tunneling machine drives the PDC drill bit and the milling head to swing up and down or horizontally to mine coal; high-pressure water is input into the rotating shaft through the pipeline, forming a rotating jet at the milling nozzle of the PDC drill bit, and the rotating jet assists the PDC drill bit and the milling head in breaking the coal; When the target material is semi-coal and rock, the first hydraulic cylinder drives the milling head to extend beyond the second sliding shaft, the hydraulic motor controls the milling head to rotate at a low speed, and the tunneling machine's swing mechanism drives the milling head to swing up and down or horizontally, driving the PDC drill bit and the milling head to mill the coal; after the coal is partially milled, the PDC drill bit and the milling head retract into the second sliding shaft, the second hydraulic cylinder drives the disc cutter to extend, the disc cutter vibrates under the high-speed rotation of the milling head, and under the drive of the tunneling machine's swing mechanism, it excavates the rock; the three-axis accelerometer monitors the working direction of the disc cutter, and high-pressure water is input into the jet nozzle and spray nozzle of the disc cutter through the radial flow channel and the axial flow channel respectively, forming a perforated jet and a spray jet to assist the vibrating disc cutter in cutting and breaking rocks and reducing dust; When the target material is rock, the first hydraulic cylinder drives the milling head to extend beyond the second sliding shaft, the hydraulic motor controls the milling head to rotate at a low speed, and the oscillating mechanism of the tunneling machine drives the milling head to oscillate up and down or horizontally, so that the PDC drill bit drills a groove of a certain depth in the rock mass. Then the first hydraulic cylinder drives the PDC drill bit to retract; the second hydraulic cylinder drives the disc cutter to insert into the drilled groove, and the perforation jet assists the vibrating disc cutter to cut and break the rock and reduce dust. The disc cutter excavates the rock mass under the coordination and control of the oscillating mechanism.

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