Spectrum sharing method and apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium

Abstract

This application provides a spectrum sharing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. The method, applied to a 5G core network system, includes: receiving a shared spectrum access request sent by a first user terminal; and, based on a locally stored first user attribute certificate, if it is determined that the first user terminal is not sending the shared spectrum access request for the first time, broadcasting the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of a relay consortium blockchain, enabling the first user terminal to use relay nodes on the relay consortium blockchain to share spectrum for data transmission. This method improves the efficiency of data transmission using spectrum sharing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of computer technology, and more particularly to a spectrum sharing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Since the advent of the 5G era, mobile data traffic has continued to grow, and licensed spectrum resources are no longer sufficient to meet current data traffic demands. The increasingly severe spectrum shortage has driven the development of unlicensed spectrum technologies, and applying sidelink communication to unlicensed spectrum is one of the promising solutions for the future.

[0003] Currently, unlicensed sidelink (SL-U) systems primarily utilize unlicensed spectrum based on two channel access modes: the Listen before Talk (LBT) channel access mode and the duty-cycle channel access mode. In the duty-cycle channel access mode, there is typically no information exchange between the SL-U and the Wi-Fi system. Instead, each system periodically accesses radio resources and transmits data. That is, the SL-U only sends data within specific time slots; after the time slot expires, it stops transmitting data, and the Wi-Fi system begins using the radio medium resources for data transmission.

[0004] However, the spectrum sharing method based on the duty-cycle channel access mode mentioned above requires waiting for at least one cycle before data can be transmitted again, resulting in low spectrum efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a spectrum sharing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium to solve the problem of low data transmission efficiency in existing spectrum sharing methods.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a spectrum sharing method applied to a 5G core network system, the method comprising:

[0007] Receive the shared spectrum access request sent by the first user terminal;

[0008] Based on the locally stored first user attribute certificate, when it is determined that the first user terminal is not sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time, the shared spectrum access request is broadcast to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain, so that the first user terminal can use the relay node on the relay consortium chain to share the spectrum for data transmission.

[0009] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0010] Based on the first user attribute certificate, when it is determined that the first user terminal is sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time and the first user is a shared spectrum user, an access authentication code is generated. The access authentication code is used to instruct the first user terminal to obtain the Relay Alliance access authorization.

[0011] The encrypted access authentication code is sent to the first user terminal, which then decrypts it to obtain the access authentication code and sends a receipt message to the 5G core network system. The receipt message is used to instruct the first user terminal to obtain the access authentication code.

[0012] After receiving the receipt message, the information that the first user terminal has obtained the authorization to join the relay alliance chain and the shared spectrum access request are broadcast to the blockchain network of the relay alliance chain, so that the first user terminal can use the relay node on the relay alliance chain to share the spectrum to transmit data.

[0013] The information about the first user terminal obtaining authorization to join the relay alliance link is stored in the first user attribute certificate.

[0014] Optionally, the encrypted access authentication code is sent to the first user terminal, enabling the first user terminal to decrypt and obtain the access authentication code, including:

[0015] Generate a session key based on the first user's attribute certificate;

[0016] The access authentication code is encrypted using the session key to obtain the first encrypted message;

[0017] Sign the first encrypted message to obtain a signed message;

[0018] The session key is encrypted to obtain the second encrypted message;

[0019] The signature message and the second encrypted message are merged and sent to the first user terminal, so that the first user terminal can obtain the signature message and the second encrypted message from the encrypted access authentication code, verify the signature message to obtain the first encrypted message, decrypt the second encrypted message to obtain the session key, and use the session key to decrypt the first encrypted message to obtain the access authentication code.

[0020] Optionally, the first user attribute certificate includes the attributes of the first user terminal, which are used to identify whether the first user is a shared spectrum user;

[0021] Based on the first user's attribute certificate, the first user is determined to be a shared spectrum user, specifically including:

[0022] Query the attributes of the first user terminal in the first user attribute certificate;

[0023] Based on the attributes of the first user terminal, the first user is determined to be a shared spectrum user.

[0024] Optionally, after receiving the shared spectrum access request sent by the first user terminal, the method further includes:

[0025] Receive the location information of the first user terminal;

[0026] The distribution area of ​​relay nodes is determined based on the location information of the first user terminal;

[0027] It was determined that relay nodes exist in the distribution area.

[0028] Optionally, when there are multiple relay nodes in the distribution area, the method further includes:

[0029] Get the names of multiple relay nodes;

[0030] After receiving the receipt message, it also includes:

[0031] The location information of the first user terminal and the names of multiple relay nodes are broadcast to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. After the second user terminal receives the broadcast information, it broadcasts the names of the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed at the location indicated by the location information of the first user terminal and the number of the second user terminal to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. After the first user terminal receives the broadcast information of the second user terminal and determines that the second user is a friend based on the number of the second user terminal, it uses the shared spectrum of the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed among the multiple relay nodes to transmit data.

[0032] Secondly, this application provides a spectrum sharing method, which is applied to a first user terminal, and the method includes:

[0033] Sending a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system enables the 5G core network system to determine, based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, that the first user terminal is not sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time, and then broadcast the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain.

[0034] Data is transmitted by sharing spectrum among relay nodes on the relay alliance chain.

[0035] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0036] Sending a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system enables the 5G core network system to determine, based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, that the first user terminal is sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time and that the first user is a shared spectrum user. The system then generates an access authentication code, encrypts the access authentication code, and sends it to the first user terminal. The access authentication code is used to instruct the first user terminal to obtain Relay Alliance access authorization.

[0037] Receive the encrypted access authentication code and decrypt it to obtain the access authentication code;

[0038] Send an acknowledgment message to the 5G core network system. After receiving the acknowledgment message, the 5G core network system will broadcast the information that the first user terminal has obtained the relay alliance link access authorization and the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay alliance chain. The information that the first user terminal has obtained the relay alliance link access authorization will be stored in the first user attribute certificate. The acknowledgment message is used to instruct the first user terminal to obtain the access authentication code.

[0039] Data is transmitted by sharing spectrum among relay nodes on the relay alliance chain.

[0040] Optionally, the encrypted access authentication code is obtained by the 5G core network system generating a session key based on the first user attribute certificate, encrypting the access authentication code with the session key to obtain a first encrypted message and signing it to obtain a signed message, encrypting the session key to obtain a second encrypted message, and merging the signed message with the second encrypted message.

[0041] Receive the encrypted access authentication code and decrypt it to obtain the access authentication code, specifically including:

[0042] Obtain the signature message and the second encrypted message from the encrypted access authentication code;

[0043] The first encrypted message is obtained by verifying the signature of the signed message.

[0044] The session key is obtained by decrypting the second encrypted message;

[0045] The access authentication code is obtained by decrypting the first encrypted message using the session key.

[0046] Optionally, after sending the shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system, the process also includes:

[0047] The location information of the first user terminal is sent to the 5G core network system. The 5G core network system determines the distribution area of ​​relay nodes based on the location information of the first user terminal. When it determines that there are multiple relay nodes in the distribution area, it obtains the names of multiple relay nodes and broadcasts the location information of the first user terminal and the names of multiple relay nodes to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. After the second user terminal receives the broadcast information, it broadcasts the names of the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed at the location indicated by the location information of the first user terminal and the number of the second user terminal to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain.

[0048] Receive broadcast information from the second user terminal;

[0049] After determining that the second user is a friend based on the second user terminal number, the data is transmitted by sharing the spectrum of multiple relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed.

[0050] Optionally, before using relay nodes on the relay consortium blockchain to share spectrum for data transmission, the following steps are also included:

[0051] Queries the single access service fee of the target relay node and the service fee payable by the first user terminal;

[0052] Encrypt both the single access service fee and the payable service fee separately and then perform homomorphic operations on them;

[0053] If the payable service fee is greater than or equal to the single access service fee, then the target relay node is accessed based on the result of the homomorphic operation.

[0054] Thirdly, this application provides a spectrum sharing device, comprising:

[0055] The receiving module is used to receive the shared spectrum access request sent by the first user terminal;

[0056] The determination module is used to determine, based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, that when the first user terminal is not sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time, it broadcasts the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain, so that the first user terminal can use the relay node on the relay consortium chain to share the spectrum for data transmission.

[0057] Fourthly, this application provides a spectrum sharing device, comprising:

[0058] The first sending module is used to send a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system, so that when the 5G core network system determines that the first user terminal is not sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, it will broadcast the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain.

[0059] The second transmission module is used to transmit data using the shared spectrum of relay nodes on the relay alliance chain.

[0060] Fifthly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor;

[0061] The memory is used to store computer programs; the processor is used to execute the computer programs stored in the memory to implement the spectrum sharing method of the first aspect and any embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect and any embodiment of the second aspect.

[0062] In a sixth aspect, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the spectrum sharing method of the first aspect and any embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect and any embodiment of the second aspect.

[0063] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the spectrum sharing method of the first aspect and any embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect and any embodiment of the second aspect.

[0064] This application provides a spectrum sharing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. A 5G core network system receives a shared spectrum access request sent by a first user terminal. Based on the locally stored first user attribute certificate, when it is determined that the first user terminal is not sending the shared spectrum access request for the first time, the shared spectrum access request is broadcast to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. This enables the first user terminal to use relay nodes on the relay consortium chain to share spectrum and transmit data, thereby improving spectrum efficiency and data transmission efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0065] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0066] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spectrum sharing scenario;

[0067] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating a spectrum sharing scenario provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 3 Signaling interaction diagram of a spectrum sharing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 4 Signaling interaction diagram of another spectrum sharing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 5 This is a partial signaling interaction diagram of a spectrum sharing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 6 A partial signaling interaction diagram of another spectrum sharing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spectrum sharing device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another spectrum sharing device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0075] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0076] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be used interchangeably where appropriate. For example, without departing from the scope of this document, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information.

[0077] It should be understood that the terms “comprising” or “including” indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, kinds, and / or groups, but do not exclude the presence, occurrence, or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, kinds, and / or groups.

[0078] Since the advent of the 5G era, mobile data traffic has continued to grow, and the shortage of licensed spectrum resources has made it difficult to meet current data traffic demands. The increasingly serious spectrum shortage problem has driven the development of unlicensed spectrum technologies, among which applying sidelink communication to unlicensed spectrum is one of the promising solutions for the future. Implementing SL-U technology mainly faces two challenges: first, meeting the relevant characteristics of unlicensed channel access brought about by the 802.11 mechanism currently used in Wi-Fi systems; and second, managing interference between SL-U and Wi-Fi systems to avoid significant interference from SL-U users to Wi-Fi systems.

[0079] To address these issues, the SL-U system primarily utilizes unlicensed spectrum based on two channel access modes: LBT-based channel access mode and duty-cycle-based channel access mode. Both modes allow SL-U users to utilize unlicensed frequency bands while simultaneously protecting Wi-Fi system performance. Currently, there are two main LBT methods: Frame Based Equipment (FBE) and Load Based Equipment (LBE).

[0080] Those skilled in the art should understand that before transmitting data, the SL-U device will perform channel listening and detect the channel status based on the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) mechanism. If the channel is idle, the SL-U device can transmit data during the channel occupancy time and reserve at least 5% of the channel occupancy time (COT) for other systems to access. If the CCA detects that the channel is busy, the SL-U device cannot transmit data in the next fixed frame period, that is, the SL-U device remains silent.

[0081] In the two LBT methods described above, the LBE access mode operates in two phases. The first phase is the initial CCA. The SL-U device detects the channel status based on the CCA energy detection mechanism. If the channel is idle, the SL-U device can immediately transmit data during the channel occupancy time. If the channel is busy, it needs to enter the second phase, called extended CCA (ECCA). The SL-U device first randomly selects a number N from [1, q] and records it in a counter, where the value of q is between [4, 32]. Whenever an idle CCA time slot is detected, the counter is decremented by 1. When the counter decreases to 0, the SL-U transmitter can transmit data. In fact, ECCA is similar to a random backoff process. Therefore, FBE can be regarded as an LBT process without random backoff, while LBE is an LBT process with a random backoff process and a dynamic contention window.

[0082] Compared to the LBT mechanism, the duty-cycle-based channel access mode can adaptively allocate the optimal time ratio to the SL-U system, maximizing the throughput of the coexisting system while ensuring fair coexistence; that is, a non-cooperative coexistence mechanism. A simple duty-cycle access mechanism is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, there is no information exchange between SL-U and the Wi-Fi system. They periodically access wireless resources and send data by adopting a time-division mode. The SL-U device only sends data within a specific time slot, and shuts down its data transmission when the time is exceeded, thereby giving the wireless medium resources to Wi-Fi for data transmission.

[0083] However, under the duty-cycle access mechanism, SL-U devices still need to transmit data periodically, resulting in low efficiency. To address this issue, this application's spectrum sharing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium introduce relay nodes to assist SL communication over longer service link distances, thereby improving the spectrum efficiency of the SL-U system. Specifically, a duty-cycle-based channel access protocol is used, where the operator's base station arranges transmission according to the device's data requirements. This further reduces interference from the SL-U network to the Wi-Fi network, minimizes sidelink communication interference to the coexisting system, and simultaneously ensures the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR) requirements for cellular, SL, and Wi-Fi users, thus achieving better system throughput performance.

[0084] The technical solutions of this application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0085] Figure 2 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a spectrum sharing scenario provided by an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, when sender A directly transmits data to receiver B, if the service link distance d is greater than the relay node distance threshold and relay node C meets the channel access conditions, relay node C can be used for data transmission. Sender A sends the data to relay node C, and relay node C then sends the data to receiver B, eliminating the need for periodic waiting on the service link from sender A directly to receiver B, thus improving the spectral efficiency of the SL-U system. If the service link distance d is less than or equal to the relay node distance threshold or relay node C does not meet the channel access conditions, data will still be transmitted directly.

[0086] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the signaling interaction of a spectrum sharing method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the method in this embodiment may include the following steps:

[0087] S101, The first user terminal sends a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system.

[0088] The 5G core network system is the operator's core network system. The first user terminal sends a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system. Specifically, the first user terminal can send the shared spectrum access request to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) through the 5G base station gNB in ​​the 5G core network system. The AMF then sends the message to the Policy Control Function (PCF), which executes subsequent steps.

[0089] The premise of using relay nodes is Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, this means that the service link d that directly transmits data is greater than the relay node distance threshold and the relay node C meets the channel access conditions. The channel access conditions are the CCA mechanism described above, meaning that the relay node can be accessed when its channel is detected to be idle. Therefore, before the first user terminal sends a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system, it can monitor whether the relay node channel is idle. Alternatively, the 5G core network system can monitor whether the relay node channel is idle after the first user terminal sends the shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system.

[0090] Based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, the S102 and 5G core network systems determine that the first user terminal is not sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time.

[0091] The first user attribute certificate is generated by the 5G core network system based on the first user information. It may include the first user's subscription data and an identifier indicating whether the first user is a shared spectrum user. The shared spectrum user identifier can be encrypted before being stored in the first user attribute certificate. After the first user attribute certificate is generated, the 5G core network system can store it locally or send it to the first user terminal for storage.

[0092] The first user attribute certificate also includes information about the authorization obtained by the first user. Specifically, it indicates that the first user has been authorized to access the shared spectrum and can directly use the relay node to share the spectrum to transmit data. After the user obtains access authorization, the 5G core network system stores this authorization information in the user attribute certificate.

[0093] The S103 and 5G core network systems will broadcast shared spectrum access requests to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain.

[0094] The relay consortium blockchain network includes multiple relay nodes. Among these nodes, those meeting the access conditions for the first user terminal will allow the first user terminal to access the network. These access conditions will be explained below. Broadcast messages may also include the first user terminal's identifier, number, etc.

[0095] S104. The first user terminal uses relay nodes on the relay alliance chain to share the spectrum for data transmission.

[0096] The spectrum sharing method provided in this embodiment, after the 5G core network system receives a spectrum sharing access request from a first user terminal, confirms that the first user terminal is not accessing a relay node for the first time, and then broadcasts the spectrum sharing access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium blockchain. This enables the first user terminal to access a relay node that meets the access conditions, thereby sharing the spectrum and improving spectrum efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of blockchain reduces the probability of data security issues arising from the first user terminal accessing an untrusted relay node, thus improving the security of spectrum sharing.

[0097] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the signaling interaction of a spectrum sharing method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the method in this embodiment may include the following steps:

[0098] S201, The first user terminal sends a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system.

[0099] Among them, step S201 and Figure 3 The implementation of step S101 in the embodiment is similar, and will not be repeated here.

[0100] Based on the first user attribute certificate, the S202 5G core network system determines that the first user terminal is sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time and that the first user is a shared spectrum user, and then generates and encrypts an access authentication code.

[0101] The 5G core network system generates an access authentication code, which means that the first user can be authorized and allowed to access the relay node in the relay alliance chain.

[0102] In one example, the first user attribute certificate includes attributes of the first user terminal, which are used to identify whether the first user is a shared spectrum user.

[0103] Based on the first user attribute certificate, the first user is determined to be a shared spectrum user, specifically including: querying the attributes of the first user terminal in the first user attribute certificate; and determining the first user to be a shared spectrum user based on the attributes of the first user terminal.

[0104] For example, if the attribute identifier of the first user terminal is 1, it indicates that the first user is a shared spectrum user.

[0105] The S203 and 5G core network systems send the encrypted access authentication code to the first user terminal.

[0106] The encryption process for access authentication codes in the 5G core network system can be referenced. Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment.

[0107] S204. The first user terminal decrypts and obtains the access authentication code.

[0108] Similarly, the decryption process of the access authentication code by the first user terminal can be referenced. Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment.

[0109] S205, the first user terminal sends an acknowledgment message to the 5G core network system.

[0110] The receipt message indicates that the first user terminal has obtained the access authentication code. The fact that the first user terminal can decrypt the encrypted access authentication code signifies that it has obtained authorization to access the relay node on the relay consortium blockchain.

[0111] After receiving the acknowledgment message, the S206 and 5G core network systems broadcast the information that the first user terminal has obtained authorization to join the relay consortium chain and the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain.

[0112] In addition, the 5G core network system can also broadcast the identifier, number, and geographical location information of the first user terminal to facilitate the identification of relay nodes that meet the access conditions of the first user terminal.

[0113] After receiving the acknowledgment message, the 5G core network system indicates that the shared spectrum access request sent by the first user terminal has been authenticated. The 5G core network system then authorizes the first user terminal to access the relay node on the relay alliance chain and broadcast the request.

[0114] After receiving a broadcast message, the relay node on the relay consortium blockchain can store the information of the first user terminal in the relay node whitelist, so that when the user initiates an access request again, he / she can directly use the relay node for data transmission.

[0115] Optionally, the first user terminal can re-encrypt the decrypted access authentication code using the service password, and then encrypt it again using the operator's public key to obtain the receipt message. The service password is assigned to the first user by the operator and is stored in both the 5G core network system and the first user terminal. The first user terminal can query the blockchain ledger to obtain the operator's public key.

[0116] Accordingly, after receiving the receipt message, the 5G core network system decrypts the receipt message using the operator's private key and service password in sequence to obtain the access authentication code.

[0117] S207. The first user terminal uses relay nodes on the relay alliance chain to share spectrum for data transmission.

[0118] Upon receiving a broadcast message, a relay node on the relay consortium blockchain will allow the first user terminal to access the network if the channel is idle and the user is within the relay node's distribution area. The relay node's distribution area will be defined as follows: Figure 6 The embodiments shown are illustrated.

[0119] In one example, before step S205, the first user terminal may also perform the following steps:

[0120] Step 1: Query the single access service fee of the target relay node and the service fee that the first user terminal can pay;

[0121] Step 2: Encrypt the single access service fee and the payable service fee separately, and then perform homomorphic operations on them;

[0122] Step 3: Based on the results of the homomorphic operation, once it is determined that the payable service fee is greater than or equal to the single access service fee, connect to the target relay node.

[0123] In this example, the conditions for the first user terminal to access the relay node include not only the aforementioned review of the first user terminal by the 5G core network system, but also a fee review. The first user terminal can only access the relay node when it is determined that the fee payable by the first user terminal is higher than the single access service fee of the relay node.

[0124] The fee verification process can also be completed by the relay node to be connected. Specifically, after receiving the shared spectrum access request from the first user terminal, the relay node can query the blockchain ledger based on the first user terminal's blockchain identifier to obtain the first user terminal's public key, then query the fees that the first user terminal can pay, query the local database to determine its single access service fee, and perform homomorphic operations to determine whether the first user terminal has the ability to pay the single access service fee.

[0125] For example, the fee payable by the first user terminal is feeA, and the single access service fee of the relay node is -feeM. A homomorphic operation is performed on feeA and feeM: M(feeA-feeM) = F(feeA) + F(-feeM). Here, F(feeA) and F(-feeM) can be obtained by encrypting feeA and -feeM using the public key of the first user terminal.

[0126] When feeA-feeM is greater than or equal to 0, F(feeA)+F(-feeM) is greater than or equal to 0, indicating that the first user terminal has the ability to pay feeM. After the relay node has successfully authenticated the authorized identity of the first user terminal, it has also successfully authenticated its payment ability, allowing the first user terminal to access the network.

[0127] In this example, the ability of the first user terminal to make payments is verified to avoid spectrum sharing failure due to the lack of payment capability, thus improving spectrum sharing efficiency. At the same time, homomorphic encryption is used to determine whether the first user terminal has payment capability, ensuring the data security of the first user terminal.

[0128] The S208 and 5G core network systems store the information of the first user terminal obtaining the relay alliance link access authorization into the first user attribute certificate.

[0129] Storing the authorization information in the first user attribute certificate enables the 5G core network system to authenticate and verify the authorization identity of the first user terminal when the first user terminal sends a shared spectrum access request for the first time, thereby improving the efficiency of authentication and verification.

[0130] In this embodiment, steps S208 and S206-S207 are not limited by the described order of actions. Steps S208 and S206-S207 can be performed in other orders or simultaneously.

[0131] The spectrum sharing method provided in this embodiment involves the 5G core network system generating an access authentication code after determining that the first user terminal is sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time and is a shared spectrum user. This code authorizes the first user terminal to access the relay node of the relay alliance chain, enabling the first user terminal to share the spectrum using the relay node, thereby improving spectrum efficiency.

[0132] Figure 5 This is a partial signaling interaction diagram of a spectrum sharing method provided in one embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 In this embodiment, the 5G core network system encrypts the access authentication code and sends it to the first user terminal. The first user terminal decrypts the code to obtain the access authentication code, which includes:

[0133] The S301 and 5G core network systems generate session keys based on the first user attribute certificate.

[0134] The session key can be a condition for authorizing the first user terminal to access the relay node; for example, the first user terminal is a shared spectrum user.

[0135] The S302 and 5G core network systems use a session key to encrypt the access authentication code to obtain the first encrypted message.

[0136] The S303 and 5G core network systems sign the first encrypted message to obtain a signed message.

[0137] The 5G core network system can use the operator's system signature private key to sign the first encrypted message.

[0138] The S304 and 5G core network systems encrypt the session key to obtain a second encrypted message.

[0139] The 5G core network system can use the service password of the first user terminal to encrypt the session key. The service password of the first user terminal is stored in both the 5G core network system and locally on the first user terminal, and can be retrieved directly from the local storage.

[0140] The S305 and 5G core network systems merge the signature message and the second encrypted message and send them to the first user terminal.

[0141] S306. The first user terminal obtains the signature message and the second encrypted message from the encrypted access authentication code.

[0142] S307. The first user terminal verifies the signature message to obtain the first encrypted message.

[0143] In this process, the first user terminal obtains the signature message from the merged message, retrieves the operator's system signature public key from the blockchain ledger, and uses this public key to verify the signature message. Specifically, the first user terminal can use the public key to decrypt the signature, obtaining a first hash value, and then use the same hash function to calculate the decrypted signature message to obtain a second hash value. If the first hash value and the second hash value are the same, it indicates that the signature verification is successful.

[0144] S308, The first user terminal decrypts the second encrypted message to obtain the session key.

[0145] The first user terminal uses its service password to decrypt the second encrypted message.

[0146] S309. The first user terminal uses the session key to decrypt the first encrypted message to obtain the access authentication code.

[0147] In this example, the 5G core network system encrypts the access authentication code, and the first user terminal decrypts the encrypted access authentication code accordingly, thereby improving the transmission security of the access authentication code.

[0148] Figure 6 This is a partial signaling interaction diagram of another spectrum sharing method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment... Figure 3 or Figure 4Based on the previous embodiment, security verification can also be performed on the relay node that the first user terminal is about to connect to, based on trust in the first user terminal's friends. The specific steps are as follows:

[0149] S401, the first user terminal sends its location information to the 5G core network system.

[0150] The S402 and 5G core network systems determine the distribution area of ​​relay nodes based on the location information of the first user terminal; and determine that relay nodes exist in the distribution area of ​​relay nodes.

[0151] refer to Figure 2 Circles are drawn with the sending end A and the receiving end B as the center and d as the radius, respectively. The intersection of the two circles (i.e. the shaded area) is the effective relay node distribution area, which is the relay node distribution area in this embodiment.

[0152] S403. When there are multiple relay nodes in the distribution area, the 5G core network system obtains the names of the multiple relay nodes.

[0153] When there are multiple relay nodes in the distribution area, the first user terminal can select one of the multiple relay nodes to access the network.

[0154] The S404 and 5G core network systems broadcast the location information of the first user terminal and the names of multiple relay nodes to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain.

[0155] S405. After receiving the broadcast information, the second user terminal broadcasts the name of the relay node that the second user terminal has accessed at the location indicated by the location information of the first user terminal, as well as the number of the second user terminal, to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain.

[0156] The second user terminal includes at least one user terminal. Relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed at the same location are considered to have higher security and reliability; therefore, it is necessary to obtain the names of the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed.

[0157] S406. The first user terminal receives the broadcast information from the second user terminal and determines the second user as a friend based on the second user terminal number.

[0158] The first user terminal can query the address book of the first user terminal. If the second user terminal's number is found, the second user is confirmed as a friend.

[0159] S407. The first user terminal uses the shared spectrum of multiple relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed to transmit data.

[0160] Based on trust in their friends, the first user terminal believed that the relay nodes accessed by the second user terminal were more secure.

[0161] The first user terminal can compare the names of multiple relay nodes broadcast by the 5G core network system with the names of relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed, and determine that the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed are more secure and reliable among the multiple relay nodes, and then determine the relay node to be accessed.

[0162] The spectrum sharing method provided in this embodiment, based on trust in friends, selects a relay node that the friend has accessed when there are multiple relay nodes to choose from, thereby selecting a more trustworthy relay node and improving the security of shared spectrum.

[0163] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a spectrum sharing device according to an embodiment of this application is shown, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the spectrum sharing device 10 of this embodiment is used to implement the operation corresponding to the 5G core network system in any of the above method embodiments. The spectrum sharing device 10 of this embodiment includes:

[0164] The receiving module 11 is used to receive the shared spectrum access request sent by the first user terminal;

[0165] The determination module 12 is used to determine, based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, that when the first user terminal is not sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time, broadcast the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain, so that the first user terminal can use the relay node on the relay consortium chain to share the spectrum for data transmission.

[0166] The spectrum sharing device 10 provided in this application embodiment can execute the above method embodiment. Its specific implementation principle and technical effect can be found in the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0167] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another spectrum sharing device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown, as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the spectrum sharing device 20 of this embodiment is used to implement the operation corresponding to the first user terminal in any of the above method embodiments. The spectrum sharing device 20 of this embodiment includes:

[0168] The first sending module 21 is used to send a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system, so that when the 5G core network system determines that the first user terminal is not sending a shared spectrum access request for the first time based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, it will broadcast the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain.

[0169] The second transmitting module 22 is used to transmit data using the shared spectrum of relay nodes on the relay alliance chain.

[0170] The spectrum sharing device 20 provided in this application embodiment can execute the above method embodiment. Its specific implementation principle and technical effect can be found in the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0171] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device 30 is used to implement the operation corresponding to the 5G core network system or the first user terminal in any of the above method embodiments. The electronic device 30 in this embodiment may include: a memory 31, a processor 32 and a communication interface (not shown in the figure).

[0172] The memory 31 is used to store computer programs. The memory 31 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device, or a USB flash drive, external hard drive, read-only memory, disk or optical disc, etc.

[0173] Processor 32 is used to execute computer programs stored in memory to implement the spectrum sharing method in the above embodiments. For details, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments. The processor 32 can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0174] Alternatively, the memory 31 can be either standalone or integrated with the processor 32.

[0175] When the memory 31 is a device independent of the processor 32, the electronic device 30 may also include a bus. This bus is used to connect the memory 31 and the processor 32. The bus may be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0176] The communication interface can be connected to the processor 32 via a bus. The processor 32 can control the communication interface to realize the functions of receiving and sending signals.

[0177] The electronic device 30 provided in this embodiment can be used to execute the spectrum sharing method described above. Its implementation method and technical effects are similar, and will not be described again here.

[0178] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program / instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the methods provided in the various embodiments described above.

[0179] The computer-readable storage medium can be a computer storage medium or a communication medium. A communication medium includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A computer storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. For example, a computer-readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the computer-readable storage medium. Of course, the computer-readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the computer-readable storage medium can reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the ASIC can reside in a user equipment. Of course, the processor and the computer-readable storage medium can also exist as discrete components in a communication device.

[0180] Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The storage medium can be any available medium accessible to general-purpose or special-purpose computers.

[0181] This application also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program / instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. At least one processor of the device can read the computer program / instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the at least one processor executes the computer program / instructions to cause the device to perform the methods provided in the various embodiments described above.

[0182] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or modules may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0183] The modules can be physically separate, for example, installed in different locations within a single device, installed on different devices, distributed across multiple network units, or distributed across multiple processors. Alternatively, the modules can be integrated, for example, installed in the same device, or integrated into a single codebase. The modules can exist in hardware form, software form, or a combination of both. This application can select some or all of the modules to achieve the objectives of this embodiment based on actual needs.

[0184] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0185] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Furthermore, the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions, and corresponding operation portals are provided for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0186] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A spectrum sharing method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a 5G core network system, and the method includes: Receive the shared spectrum access request sent by the first user terminal; Based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, when it is determined that the first user terminal is not sending the shared spectrum access request for the first time, the shared spectrum access request is broadcast to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain, so that the first user terminal uses the relay node on the relay consortium chain to share the spectrum for data transmission.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the first user attribute certificate, when it is determined that the first user terminal is sending the shared spectrum access request for the first time and the first user is a shared spectrum user, an access authentication code is generated. The access authentication code is used to instruct the first user terminal to obtain the relay alliance access authorization. The encrypted access authentication code is sent to the first user terminal, which then decrypts the access authentication code and sends a receipt message to the 5G core network system. The receipt message is used to instruct the first user terminal to obtain the access authentication code. After receiving the receipt message, the information that the first user terminal has obtained the authorization to join the relay alliance chain and the shared spectrum access request are broadcast to the blockchain network of the relay alliance chain, so that the first user terminal can use the relay nodes on the relay alliance chain to share the spectrum to transmit data. The information about the first user terminal obtaining authorization to join the relay alliance link is stored in the first user attribute certificate.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of sending the encrypted access authentication code to the first user terminal, so that the first user terminal can decrypt it to obtain the access authentication code, includes: Generate a session key based on the first user attribute certificate; The access authentication code is encrypted using the session key to obtain a first encrypted message; Sign the first encrypted message to obtain a signed message; The session key is encrypted to obtain a second encrypted message; The signature message and the second encrypted message are merged and sent to the first user terminal, so that the first user terminal can obtain the signature message and the second encrypted message from the encrypted access authentication code, perform signature verification on the signature message to obtain the first encrypted message, decrypt the second encrypted message to obtain the session key, and use the session key to decrypt the first encrypted message to obtain the access authentication code.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first user attribute certificate includes the attributes of the first user terminal, and the attributes of the first user terminal are used to identify whether the first user is a shared spectrum user; The step of determining that the first user is a shared spectrum user based on the first user attribute certificate specifically includes: Query the attributes of the first user terminal in the first user attribute certificate; Based on the attributes of the first user terminal, the first user is determined to be a shared spectrum user.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After receiving the shared spectrum access request sent by the first user terminal, the method further includes: Receive the location information of the first user terminal; The distribution area of ​​relay nodes is determined based on the location information of the first user terminal; It was determined that relay nodes exist in the distribution area of ​​the relay nodes.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When multiple relay nodes exist in the distribution area of ​​the relay nodes, the method further includes: Obtain the names of the plurality of relay nodes; After receiving the receipt message, the process also includes: The location information of the first user terminal and the names of the plurality of relay nodes are broadcast to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. After the second user terminal receives the broadcast information, it broadcasts the names of the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed at the location indicated by the location information of the first user terminal and the number of the second user terminal to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. After the first user terminal receives the broadcast information of the second user terminal and determines that the second user is a friend based on the number of the second user terminal, it uses the shared spectrum of the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed among the plurality of relay nodes to transmit data.

7. A spectrum sharing method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first user terminal, and the method includes: Sending a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system, so that when the 5G core network system determines, based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, that the first user terminal is not sending the shared spectrum access request for the first time, it broadcasts the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain; Data is transmitted using relay nodes on the relay alliance chain that share the spectrum.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: A shared spectrum access request is sent to the 5G core network system. When the 5G core network system determines, based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, that the first user terminal is sending the shared spectrum access request for the first time and that the first user is a shared spectrum user, it generates an access authentication code and encrypts the access authentication code before sending it to the first user terminal. The access authentication code is used to instruct the first user terminal to obtain the Relay Alliance access authorization. Receive the encrypted access authentication code and decrypt it to obtain the access authentication code; Sending an acknowledgment message to the 5G core network system, so that after receiving the acknowledgment message, the 5G core network system broadcasts the information that the first user terminal has obtained the relay alliance chain access authorization and the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay alliance chain, and stores the information that the first user terminal has obtained the relay alliance chain access authorization in the first user attribute certificate. The acknowledgment message is used to instruct the first user terminal to obtain the access authentication code. Data is transmitted by sharing spectrum among relay nodes on the relay alliance chain.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The encrypted access authentication code is obtained by the 5G core network system generating a session key based on the first user attribute certificate, encrypting the access authentication code with the session key to obtain a first encrypted message and signing it to obtain a signature message, encrypting the session key to obtain a second encrypted message, and merging the signature message and the second encrypted message. The process of receiving the encrypted access authentication code and decrypting it to obtain the access authentication code specifically includes: Obtain the signature message and the second encrypted message from the encrypted access authentication code; The first encrypted message is obtained by performing signature verification on the signed message; The session key is obtained by decrypting the second encrypted message; The access authentication code is obtained by decrypting the first encrypted message using the session key.

10. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, After sending the shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system, the process also includes: The location information of the first user terminal is sent to the 5G core network system. When the 5G core network system determines the distribution area of ​​relay nodes based on the location information of the first user terminal and determines that there are multiple relay nodes in the distribution area, it obtains the names of the multiple relay nodes and broadcasts the location information of the first user terminal and the names of the multiple relay nodes to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. After receiving the broadcast information, the second user terminal broadcasts the names of the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed at the location indicated by the location information of the first user terminal and the number of the second user terminal to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. Receive broadcast information from the second user terminal; After determining that the second user is a friend based on the second user terminal number, the data is transmitted using the shared spectrum of the relay nodes that the second user terminal has accessed among the multiple relay nodes.

11. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, Before using the relay nodes on the relay alliance chain to share spectrum for data transmission, the method further includes: Query the single access service fee of the target relay node and the service fee payable by the first user terminal; The single access service fee and the payable service fee are encrypted and then homomorphically processed. If the payable service fee is determined to be greater than or equal to the single access service fee based on the result of the homomorphic operation, then the target relay node is accessed.

12. A spectrum sharing device, characterized in that, The device includes: The receiving module is used to receive the shared spectrum access request sent by the first user terminal; The determination module is used to determine, based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, that when the first user terminal is not sending the shared spectrum access request for the first time, it broadcasts the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain, so that the first user terminal uses the relay node on the relay consortium chain to share the spectrum for data transmission.

13. A spectrum sharing device, characterized in that, The device includes: The first sending module is used to send a shared spectrum access request to the 5G core network system, so that when the 5G core network system determines, based on the first user attribute certificate stored locally, that the first user terminal is not sending the shared spectrum access request for the first time, it will broadcast the shared spectrum access request to the blockchain network of the relay consortium chain. The second transmission module is used to transmit data using the shared spectrum of relay nodes on the relay alliance chain.

14. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes: a memory and a processor; The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory to implement the spectrum sharing method as described in any one of claims 1-6 or 7-11.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the spectrum sharing method as described in any one of claims 1-6 or 7-11.

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