A method for controlling bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and specifically is a method for controlling bolting of transplanted siler seedlings. The specific steps of the method for controlling bolting of transplanted siler seedlings are as follows: Step 1, seedling selection: selecting 1-2 year old robust siler seedlings or seedlings bred from improved varieties without symptoms such as rot, ulcer, mildew, etc., which are dug in the spring of the current year. Compared with the prior art, the seedling treatment has an additional "bevel head" treatment of the seedlings. The "bevel head" treatment is performed on seedlings with a diameter of more than 0.7 cm of siler reed head or seedlings over 2 years old to inhibit the reproductive growth of siler, thereby controlling the bolting thereof, increasing the yield rate of finished medicine, improving the commercial properties of medicinal materials, and improving the yield and quality of siler.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to a method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Saposhnikovia divaricata is one of the most commonly used medicinal materials in traditional Chinese medicine in my country. It was first recorded in the "Shennong Bencao Jing" and has a long history of application. Nowadays, with the scarcity of wild Saposhnikovia divaricata resources, high excavation costs and slow effects, wild Saposhnikovia divaricata has been in serious short supply, and artificial cultivation has become the main market. According to different origins, Saposhnikovia divaricata can be divided into Guan Saposhnikovia divaricata, Kou Saposhnikovia divaricata, Xi Saposhnikovia divaricata and Shan Saposhnikovia divaricata. Among them, Guan Saposhnikovia divaricata has the best quality, large yield and good efficacy, and has always been highly praised by industry insiders. The Saposhnikovia divaricata described in this patent is Guan Saposhnikovia divaricata, which is the authentic Saposhnikovia divaricata specified in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". The "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" stipulates that "Saposhnikovia divaricata is the dried root of the Saposhnikovia divaricata plant of the Umbelliferae family dug in spring and autumn without flower stems". It can be seen that the bolting of Saposhnikovia divaricata is the main criterion for judging whether its finished medicine can be used, and it is an important basis for whether Saposhnikovia divaricata meets the standards.

[0003] According to the survey, the main planting methods of Saposhnikovia divaricata include direct seeding, transplanting and root segment vegetative propagation. Among them, the yield and quality of Saposhnikovia divaricata transplanted by seedlings are excellent, and the economic benefits are significant. It is the production method favored by the majority of herbal farmers. However, Saposhnikovia divaricata transplanted seedlings are very easy to bolt. When the temperature is higher than the original environment, the climate is dryer than the original environment, and the soil is poorer than the original environment, Saposhnikovia divaricata will shorten its growth period and bolt in order to adapt to the environment and ensure its own reproduction and survival, resulting in a decrease in the medicinal rate of Saposhnikovia divaricata rhizomes. In order to solve this problem, the following systematic method for controlling the bolting of transplanted Saposhnikovia divaricata seedlings is proposed to solve the problem of bolting of Saposhnikovia divaricata, thereby improving the yield and quality of Saposhnikovia divaricata and increasing the economic income of herbal farmers.

[0004] The purpose of the patent of this invention is to address the problem that the rhizomes of siler become lignified, hollow and rotten after bolting, completely losing their medicinal value, seriously affecting the quality and yield of the medicinal materials, and restricting the healthy development of the siler industry. The method of the present invention is used to control the bolting of siler transplanted seedlings, and through simple and effective agronomic measures, the lignification and rot of the roots are greatly reduced, the output rate of finished medicines is increased, and the commercial properties of the medicinal materials are effectively improved, thereby improving the yield and quality of siler and promoting the healthy development of the siler industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings, the specific steps of the method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings are as follows:

[0007] Step 1: Seedling selection: Select 1-2 year old strong windbreak seedlings or seedlings from improved varieties that are harvested in the spring of the current year and have no symptoms of rot, ulceration, mildew, etc.;

[0008] Step 2: site selection, land preparation and fertilization:

[0009] (1) Site selection: The plant should be windproof, afraid of high humidity, avoid rain and waterlogging, like shade, and be cold and drought resistant. The annual rainfall should be maintained at 350mm-600mm, the annual average frost-free period should be 90 days-150 days, and the soil thickness should be more than 50cm. The land should be loose, fertile, and well-drained, and the Umbelliferae crops should not have been planted in the land for 3 years.

[0010] (2) Land preparation and fertilization: The windbreak transplanting plots need to be deeply plowed and sun-dried in the autumn of the previous year. The autumn plowing depth should be greater than 40 cm. As the temperature of dry land warms up in spring, the plots gradually thaw and the land should be prepared and planted in time according to the soil moisture conditions. The plots with irrigation conditions should be irrigated in winter or early spring. Combined with land preparation and rotary tillage, 37,500 kg / hm2 of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure should be applied. 2 ~45000kg / hm 2 , or organic fertilizer that meets NY525-2021, NY884-2012 standards 3750kg / hm 2 ~4500kg / hm 2 , with pure nitrogen 60kg / hm 2 ~90kg / hm 2 , P2O5 100kg / hm 2 ~150kg / hm 2 , K2O 35kg / hm 2 ~45kg / hm 2 , deep plowing into the soil, and raking finely;

[0011] Step 3, Seedling treatment - Seedling "bevel head" treatment: Within 48 hours before transplanting, the wind-proof radish head diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.7cm. Use a knife to bevel the seedling head upward at 2cm to 3cm from the radish head, and cut off 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the fibrous leaf sheath of the wind-proof radish seedling head;

[0012] Step 4. Transplanting method - moderate deep ploughing and tilted seedling placement: First, dig trenches from the edge of the flat land in sequence, use a plow to dig a 25cm-35cm deep trench in the land, with a trench slope of about 45°-60°, and harrow the soil blocks on the front slope of the trench; secondly, place the treated windbreak seedlings in the front slope of the trench, tilt the seedlings at 10cm between plants, and make the seedlings form a 30°-45° angle with the trench bottom, so that the seedling roots can stretch naturally, and the fibrous leaf sheaths of the seedlings are 1cm-2cm away from the ground. Then, plow the land, dig trenches and plant them in sequence according to the row spacing of 25cm-30cm, and finally harrow the soil level;

[0013] Step 5. Field management - Combine weeding with head shoveling treatment: During the vigorous growth period of siler, when early flower buds are found, the specific symptoms are that the internodes of the main stem contain flower buds, which begin to elongate rapidly and the plant becomes taller. Combined with weeding, the siler that shows signs of bolting should be "head shoveled", that is, most of the flower buds or buds above the root of the siler are horizontally cut off, and only the flower buds or buds 0.5cm to 1.0cm from the seedling are retained.

[0014] Preferably, in step three, a cutter is used to cut the seedling head obliquely upward at 2 cm to 3 cm from the reed head, and 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the fibrous leaf sheath of the windproof seedling head is cut off.

[0015] Preferably, in step 4, the seedlings are tilted at 10 cm between plants, with the seedlings forming an angle of 30° to 45° with the bottom of the ditch, so that the seedling roots can stretch naturally and the fibrous leaf sheaths at the seedling heads are 1 cm to 2 cm above the ground.

[0016] Preferably, in the step 5, most of the flower buds or buds above the rhizome of the root of the Saposhnikovia divaricata are horizontally cut off, and only the flower buds or buds within 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm of the seedling head are retained.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] Compared with the existing technology, the seedling treatment has an additional "bevel head" treatment. The seedlings with a diameter of more than 0.7 cm (see Table 1 for relevant data) or seedlings over 2 years old are treated with "bevel heads" to inhibit the reproductive growth of the windward plant, thereby controlling its bolting, increasing the output rate of finished medicines, improving the commercial properties of medicinal materials, and improving the yield and quality of the windward plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings in seedling treatment provided in this application is schematically shown. Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 2 The method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings in the transplanting method provided in this application is schematically shown. Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings in field management provided in this application Figure 3 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1-3 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0025] A method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings, the specific steps of the method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings are as follows:

[0026] Step 1: Seedling selection: Select 1-2 year old strong windbreak seedlings or seedlings from improved varieties that are harvested in the spring of the current year and have no symptoms of rot, ulceration, mildew, etc.;

[0027] Step 2: site selection, land preparation and fertilization:

[0028] (1) Site selection: The plant should be windproof, afraid of high humidity, avoid rain and waterlogging, like shade, and be cold and drought resistant. The annual rainfall should be maintained at 350mm-600mm, the annual average frost-free period should be 90 days-150 days, and the soil thickness should be more than 50cm. The land should be loose, fertile, and well-drained, and the Umbelliferae crops should not have been planted in the land for 3 years.

[0029] (2) Land preparation and fertilization: The windbreak transplanting plots need to be deeply plowed and sun-dried in the autumn of the previous year. The autumn plowing depth should be greater than 40 cm. As the temperature of dry land warms up in spring, the plots gradually thaw and the land should be prepared and planted in time according to the soil moisture conditions. The plots with irrigation conditions should be irrigated in winter or early spring. Combined with land preparation and rotary tillage, 37,500 kg / hm2 of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure should be applied. 2 ~45000kg / hm 2 , or organic fertilizer that meets NY525-2021, NY884-2012 standards 3750kg / hm 2 ~4500kg / hm 2 , with pure nitrogen 60kg / hm 2 ~90kg / hm 2 , P2O5 100kg / hm 2~150kg / hm 2 , K2O 35kg / hm 2 ~45kg / hm 2 , deep plowing into the soil, and raking finely;

[0030] Step 3, Seedling treatment - Seedling "bevel head" treatment: Within 48 hours before transplanting, the wind-proof radish head diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.7cm. Use a knife to bevel the seedling head upward at 2cm to 3cm from the radish head, and cut off 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the fibrous leaf sheath of the wind-proof radish seedling head;

[0031] Step 4. Transplanting method - moderate deep ploughing and tilted seedling placement: First, dig trenches from the edge of the flat land in sequence, use a plow to dig a 25cm-35cm deep trench in the land, with a trench slope of about 45°-60°, and harrow the soil blocks on the front slope of the trench; secondly, place the treated windbreak seedlings in the front slope of the trench, tilt the seedlings at 10cm between plants, and make the seedlings form a 30°-45° angle with the trench bottom, so that the seedling roots can stretch naturally, and the fibrous leaf sheaths of the seedlings are 1cm-2cm away from the ground. Then, plow the land, dig trenches and plant them in sequence according to the row spacing of 25cm-30cm, and finally harrow the soil level;

[0032] Step 5. Field management - Combine weeding with head shoveling treatment: During the period of vigorous growth of siler, when early flower buds are found (the specific symptoms are that the internodes of the main stem contain flower buds, which begin to elongate rapidly and the plant becomes taller), combine weeding with the "head shoveling" treatment for siler that shows signs of bolting, that is, horizontally cut off most of the flower buds or buds above the root of siler, and only retain the flower buds or buds 0.5cm to 1.0cm from the seedling.

[0033] In the step 3, the seedlings are cut obliquely upward at 2 cm to 3 cm from the reed head with a cutter to cut off 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the fibrous leaf sheaths of the windproof seedlings.

[0034] In the step 4, the seedlings are placed at an angle of 10 cm between plants, and the seedlings are at an angle of 30° to 45° to the bottom of the ditch, so that the seedling roots can stretch naturally and the fibrous leaf sheaths at the seedling heads are 1 cm to 2 cm away from the ground;

[0035] In the step 5, most of the flower buds or buds above the rhizome of the root of the Saposhnikovia divaricata are horizontally cut off, and only the flower buds or buds of 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm from the seedling head are retained.

[0036] Table 1 shows the effects of different reed head diameter "bevel head" treatments on the average bolting rate of windproof from 2015 to 2017

[0037] Seedling diameter Bolting rate (%) ≤0.5cm 0.9 0.5cm~0.7cm 3.1 0.7cm~0.9cm 13.8 ≥0.9cm 19.3

[0038] Note: The windbreak seedlings are one-year-old mixed seedlings produced from different regions.

[0039] From the data on the average bolting rate of windproof rice with different reed head diameters under the “bevel cut head” treatment from 2015 to 2017 in Table 1, the bolting rate was low when the reed head diameter was “≤0.5cm” and “0.5cm~0.7cm”, while bevel cutting was likely to cause seedling death when the reed head diameter was “≤0.7cm”, so the seedlings with reed head diameter exceeding 0.7cm were selected for the “bevel cut head” treatment.

[0040] Compared with the existing technology, in terms of transplanting methods, under the premise of planting in furrows with a row spacing of 25cm to 30cm, the spacing between seedlings is changed from the traditional "15cm" to "10cm" (see Table 2 for relevant data), and the seedling swing is changed from "vertical swing" to "oblique swing", with the seedlings and the furrow bottom at an angle of 30° to 45°. (See Table 3 for relevant data)

[0041] In order to reduce the bolting of Saposhnikovia divaricata, reasonable density planting and appropriate stress on the water, fertilizer conditions and living space of Saposhnikovia divaricata are used to hinder the rapid growth of Saposhnikovia divaricata, thereby inhibiting the differentiation of flower buds; at the same time, the method of slanting seedlings is used to inhibit the longitudinal growth of its root system, facilitate harvesting, reduce mechanical damage to the root system, and increase the commercial value of Saposhnikovia divaricata medicine.

[0042] Table 2 shows the effects of different planting spacing on the bolting rate and yield of windbreak

[0043] Plant spacing Bolting rate (%) <![CDATA[Fresh medicine yield (kg / 667m 2 )]]> 5cm 1.2 935.4 10cm 3.5 1298.0 15cm 10.6 1104.3

[0044] Table 3 Effects of different seedlings and furrow bottom slope on bolting rate and yield of windbreak

[0045] Seedlings and trench bottom slope Bolting rate (%) <![CDATA[Fresh medicine yield (kg / 667m 2 )]]> 30° 12.6 1308.2 45° 14.1 1233.5 60° 16.3 1158.0 90° 15.3 1032.1

[0046] As can be seen from Table 2, although the bolting rate is low when the planting spacing is 5 cm, the yield is too low, the bolting rate is too high when the planting spacing is 15 cm, and the bolting rate is low when the planting spacing is 10 cm, but the yield is the highest. As can be seen from Table 3, the method of slanting seedlings has no significant effect on the bolting rate. Its main function is to control the longitudinal growth of the root system, which makes it easier to dig under the same digging depth conditions, reduces mechanical damage to the root system, and thus increases yield.

[0047] Compared with the existing technology, the field management has been improved by adding the "shoveling head" treatment to the windproof plants showing signs of bolting, that is, most of the flower buds or buds above the root of the windproof plants are horizontally cut off, and only the flower buds or buds 0.5cm to 1.0cm from the seedling head are retained (see Table 4 for relevant data).

[0048] In order to further control the continued bolting of some windproof plants, during the weeding stage of field management, we carry out "shoveling head" treatment on the bolting plants in the early budding state. This serves as the last line of defense to prevent bolting, and we strictly control them to ensure the output of windproof medicine.

[0049] Table 4 shows the effects of different “shovel head” treatments on the bolting rate and yield of windbreak

[0050]

[0051] As can be seen from Table 4, although the bolting rate is the lowest when all the seedlings are removed (without leaving flower buds or buds), this method is not advisable because it puts greater stress on its growth and has the lowest yield. Horizontally cutting off most of the flower buds or buds above the root of the windproof plant (retaining the flower buds or buds 0.5cm to 1.0cm from the seedlings) has a low bolting rate and high yield, so this method is advisable.

[0052] The present invention is very suitable for transplanting fangfeng. Through simple and effective agronomic measures, bolting of transplanted fangfeng seedlings is strictly controlled, lignification and rot of roots are greatly reduced, the output rate of finished medicine is increased, and the commercial properties of medicinal materials are effectively improved, thereby improving the yield and quality of fangfeng. The average data analysis of bolting rate, fresh weight yield, root thickness and active ingredient content in the experimental field in the past three years shows (see Table 5 for relevant data):

[0053] Table 5 Analysis of the impact of various methods of controlling bolting on average data such as bolting rate, fresh weight yield, root diameter and effective ingredient content of windproof

[0054]

[0055] (1) Through the implementation of this technology, the bolting rate of windbreak was greatly reduced to 0.6%, effectively controlling the occurrence of bolting after windbreak transplanting. From the perspective of the "bevel head" treatment of seedlings, the bolting rate dropped from 26.8% to 3.7%; from the perspective of the 10cm inclined seedling treatment, the bolting rate dropped from 18.2% to 5.7%; from the perspective of the "shovel head" treatment, the bolting rate dropped from 22.4% to 4.6%;

[0056] (2) Through the implementation of this technology, plants with a tendency to flower bud differentiation (bolting) were controlled and transformed into plants with vegetative growth (non-bolting), reducing bolting and increasing the yield of finished medicine. The yield of fresh medicine increased from 1096.0kg / 667m 2 Increased to 1435.2kg / 667m 2 , an increase of 31.0% compared with the control (untreated). From the perspective of the seedling "bevel head" treatment alone, the fresh herb yield increased from 1168.0kg / 667m 2 Increased to 1383.8kg / 667m 2 , an increase of 18.5%; from the treatment of 10cm tilted seedlings, the fresh drug yield increased from 1088.5kg / 667m 2 Increased to 1193.7kg / 667m 2, an increase of 9.7%; from the perspective of using the "shovel head" treatment, the fresh drug yield increased from 1140.4kg / 667m 2 Increased to 1273.0kg / 667m 2 , an increase of 11.6%;

[0057] (3) Through the implementation of this technology, the commercial properties of medicinal materials have been effectively improved. The diameter of fresh medicinal roots increased from 19.3cm to 23.2cm, an increase of 20.2% compared with the control (untreated). From the perspective of the seedling "bevel head" treatment, the diameter of fresh medicinal roots increased from 19.5cm to 22.6cm, an increase of 15.9%; from the perspective of the 10cm inclined seedling treatment, the diameter of fresh medicinal roots increased from 18.8cm to 20.2cm, an increase of 7.5%; from the perspective of the "shovel head" treatment, the diameter of fresh medicinal roots increased from 19.3cm to 21.1cm, an increase of 9.3%.

[0058] (4) Through the implementation of this technology, the total content of four chromone components, namely, cimicifuga glycoside, cimicifuga glycoside, 5-O-methylvisaminol glycoside, and chelidonol glycoside, increased from 0.87% to 1.08%, an increase of 0.17% compared with the control (untreated).

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] In 2022, a trial demonstration will be carried out in the Weihe Yanchuan plot of Yang Zengzu, a farmer in Shouyang Village, Shouyang Town, Longxi County. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0061] Seedling selection: Select 1-2 year old robust windbreak seedlings or seedlings from improved varieties that are dug in the spring of the current year and have no symptoms of rot, ulceration, mildew, etc.;

[0062] Site selection, land preparation and fertilization:

[0063] 1) Site selection: The land is a riverbed sandy loam plot at an altitude of 1820m, with uniform rainfall, an average frost-free period of 145 days in 2022, a soil layer thickness of more than 50cm, and loose, fertile, and well-drained. No Umbelliferae crops have been planted within 3 years;

[0064] 2) Land preparation and fertilization: Deep plowing and drying in autumn last year, the depth of autumn plowing is 40cm, and winter watering is applied; after the land thaws, the rain and snow are good, and the land is prepared and planted in time. Combined with land preparation and rotary tillage, 37,500 kg / hm2 of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure is applied. 2 , with pure nitrogen 60kg / hm 2 , P2O5 100kg / hm 2 , K2O 35kg / hm 2 , deep plowing into the soil, and raking finely;

[0065] Seedling treatment - Seedling "bevel head" treatment: Within 48 hours before transplanting, the wind-proof radish head diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.7cm. Use a knife to bevel the seedling head upwards at 2cm to 3cm from the radish head, and cut off 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the fibrous leaf sheath of the wind-proof radish seedling head (such as Figure 1 );

[0066] Transplanting method - moderate deep ploughing, tilted seedling placement: First, dig trenches from the edge of the leveled land in sequence, use a plow to dig a 25cm to 35cm deep trench in the land with a slope of about 45° to 60°, harrow the soil in front of the trench, and then place the treated windbreak seedlings in the front slope of the trench, tilt the seedlings at a distance of 10cm between plants (the seedlings and the trench bottom are 30° to 45°), so that the seedling roots can stretch naturally, and the fibrous leaf sheaths of the seedlings are 1cm to 2cm away from the ground. Plough the land and dig trenches for planting in sequence with a row spacing of 25cm to 30cm, and finally harrow the soil (such as Figure 2 );

[0067] Field management - Combine weeding with "shoveling head" treatment: During the vigorous growth period of fangfeng, if the main stem internodes contain flower buds, they begin to elongate rapidly and the plants become taller, combine weeding with "shoveling head" treatment for fangfeng that show signs of bolting, horizontally cut off most of the flower buds or buds above the root of fangfeng, and only keep the flower buds or buds 0.5cm to 1.0cm from the seedling (such as Figure 3 ).

[0068] The yield measurement results show that the present invention is very suitable for the cultivation of Saposhnikovia divaricata, strictly controls the bolting of transplanted Saposhnikovia divaricata seedlings, greatly reduces the lignification and rot of the roots, increases the output rate of finished medicine, and thus improves the yield and quality of Saposhnikovia divaricata. The average data analysis of the yield (fresh medicine) of the experimental field shows that the Saposhnikovia divaricata cultivated by the present invention has an output of 1631.7 kg per mu, while the output of ordinary planting is 1220.0 kg per mu, with an increase of 411.7 g per mu and an increase rate of 33.7%. Compared with the Saposhnikovia divaricata cultivated without the method, the yield increase effect is quite significant.

[0069] At present, with the influence of market supply and demand and market conditions, from the end of 2022 to the spring of 2023, the price of Fangfeng finished medicine reached 60 yuan / kg to 80 yuan / kg. The farmer planted 2.2 acres of Fangfeng. At the end of 2022, 2.2 acres of land produced 3521kg of fresh medicine, which was sold as 1132kg of dry goods. The market unit price in 2022 was 75 yuan / kg, and the gross income was 84,900 yuan. Excluding production costs, the expected income was 55,000 yuan, and the net income per mu was about 25,000 yuan, which was very considerable.

[0070] Embodiment 2:

[0071] In 2017, a trial demonstration was conducted in the Weihe Yanchuan plot of the son of Hou Keqin, a farmer in Lujiamen Village, Shouyang Town, Longxi County. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0072] Seedling selection: Select 1-2 year old strong windbreak seedlings or seedlings from improved varieties that are dug in the spring of the current year and have no symptoms of rot, ulceration, mildew, etc.;

[0073] Site selection, land preparation and fertilization:

[0074] 1) Site selection: The land is a riverbed sandy loam land at an altitude of 1910m, with uniform rainfall and an average frost-free period of 145 days in 2017. The soil layer is more than 50cm thick and is loose, fertile, and well-drained. Umbelliferae crops have not been planted in the past three years;

[0075] 2) Land preparation and fertilization: Deep plowing and drying in autumn last year, the depth of autumn plowing is 40cm, and winter watering is applied; after the rain and snow, the land is well fertilized and planted in time, and 40,000kg / hm2 of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure is applied in combination with land preparation and rotary tillage. 2 , with pure nitrogen 60kg / hm 2 , P2O5120kg / hm 2 , deep plowing into the soil, and raking finely;

[0076] Seedling treatment - Seedling "bevel head" treatment: Within 48 hours before transplanting, the wind-proof radish head diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.7cm. Use a knife to bevel the seedling head upwards at 2cm to 3cm from the radish head, and cut off 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the fibrous leaf sheath of the wind-proof radish seedling head (such as Figure 1 );

[0077] Transplanting method - moderate deep ploughing, tilted seedling placement: First, dig trenches from the edge of the leveled land in sequence, use a plow to dig a 25cm to 35cm deep trench in the land, with a slope of about 45° to 60°, and harrow the soil in front of the trench; secondly, place the treated windbreak seedlings in the front slope of the trench, tilt the seedlings at a distance of 10cm between plants (the seedlings and the trench bottom are 30° to 45°), so that the seedling roots can stretch naturally, and the fibrous leaf sheaths of the seedlings are 1cm to 2cm above the ground. Plough the land and dig trenches for planting in sequence with a row spacing of 25cm to 30cm, and finally harrow the soil (such as Figure 2 );

[0078] Field management - Combine weeding with "shoveling head" treatment: When early flower buds are found on the bolting windward plants, "shoveling head" treatment should be carried out on the windward plants with signs of bolting in combination with weeding. Most of the flower buds or buds above the root of the windward plants should be cut off horizontally, and only the flower buds or buds 0.5cm to 1.0cm from the seedlings should be retained (such as Figure 3 ).

[0079] The yield measurement results show that the present invention is very suitable for the cultivation of Saposhnikovia divaricata, strictly controls the bolting of transplanted Saposhnikovia divaricata seedlings, greatly reduces the lignification and rot of the roots, increases the output rate of finished medicines, and thus improves the yield and quality of Saposhnikovia divaricata. The average data analysis of the yield (fresh medicine) of the experimental field shows that the Saposhnikovia divaricata cultivated by the present invention has an output of 1502.8 kg per mu, while the output of ordinary planting is 1138.5 kg per mu, with an increase of 364.3 g per mu and an increase rate of 32.0%. Compared with the Saposhnikovia divaricata cultivated without the method, the yield increase effect is quite significant.

[0080] At the end of 2017, the price of finished Saposhnikovia divaricata was 20 yuan / kg to 30 yuan / kg. The farmer planted 3.7 acres of Saposhnikovia divaricata. At the end of 2017, 3.7 acres of land produced 6,500 kg of fresh medicine, which was sold as 2,056 kg of dry goods. The market unit price in 2017 was 24 yuan / kg, with a gross income of 49,344 yuan. Excluding production costs, the estimated income is 35,000 yuan, and the net income per mu is about 9,400 yuan, which is considerable.

[0081] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention; therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is limited by the attached claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to include all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention, and any figure marks in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0082] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings, characterized in that: The specific steps of the method for controlling the bolting of windbreak transplanted seedlings are as follows: Step 1: Seedling selection: Select 1-2 year old strong windbreak seedlings or seedlings from improved varieties that are harvested in the spring of the current year and have no symptoms of rot, ulceration, mildew, etc.; Step 2: site selection, land preparation and fertilization: Site selection: Windproof, afraid of high humidity, avoid rain and waterlogging, like shade, cold and drought resistant, the annual rainfall should be kept at 350mm-600mm, the annual average frost-free period should be 90 days-150 days, suitable for growing in loose, fertile, well-drained plots with a soil layer thickness of more than 50cm, and no Umbelliferae crops have been planted in the plots for 3 years; Land preparation and fertilization: The windproof transplanting plots need to be deeply plowed and sun-dried in the autumn of the previous year. The autumn plowing depth should be greater than 40cm. As the temperature of dry land warms up in spring, the plots gradually thaw and the soil moisture is gradually thawed. The plots with irrigation conditions should be irrigated in winter or early spring. Combined with land preparation and rotary tillage, 37,500 kg / hm2 of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure should be applied. 2 ~45000kg / hm 2 , or organic fertilizer that meets NY525-2021, NY884-2012 standards 3750 kg / hm 2 ~4500kg / hm 2 , with pure nitrogen 60kg / hm 2 ~90kg / hm 2 , P2O5 100 kg / hm 2 ~150kg / hm 2 , K2O 35kg / hm 2 ~45kg / hm 2 , deep plowing into the soil, and raking finely; Step 3, Seedling treatment - Seedling "bevel head" treatment: Within 48 hours before transplanting, the wind-proof radish head diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.7cm. Use a knife to bevel the seedling head upward at 2cm to 3cm from the radish head, and cut off 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the fibrous leaf sheath of the wind-proof radish seedling head; Step 4. Transplanting method - moderate deep ploughing and tilted seedling placement: First, dig trenches from the edge of the flat land in sequence, use a plow to dig a 25cm-35cm deep trench in the land, with a trench slope of about 45°-60°, and harrow the soil blocks on the front slope of the trench; secondly, place the treated windbreak seedlings in the front slope of the trench, tilt the seedlings at 10cm between plants, and make the seedlings form a 30°-45° angle with the trench bottom, so that the seedling roots can stretch naturally, and the fibrous leaf sheaths of the seedlings are 1cm-2cm away from the ground. Then, plow the land, dig trenches and plant them in sequence according to the row spacing of 25cm-30cm, and finally harrow the soil level; Step 5. Field management - Combine weeding with head shoveling treatment: During the vigorous growth period of siler, when early flower buds are found, the specific symptoms are that the internodes of the main stem contain flower buds, which begin to elongate rapidly and the plant becomes taller. Combined with weeding, the siler that shows signs of bolting should be "head shoveled", that is, most of the flower buds or buds above the root of the siler are horizontally cut off, and only the flower buds or buds 0.5cm to 1.0cm from the seedling are retained.

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