Open-cell rigid polyurethane foam and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of open-cell rigid polyurethane foam and its preparation method and application, mainly solve the poor interval heat effect of prefabricated insulation board in the B-type cabin insulation design in the prior art, and the mechanical performance of sprayed foam layer is poor, high stress area is easy to crack, and the problems of low open porosity, leakage channel is easy to be blocked, the present application is by using a kind of open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, component A, B is made of weight ratio 1:1~1.05, component A includes polyether polyol 5~10% by weight percentage, modified urea-formaldehyde resin 10~15%, polyurea polyol 35~55%, surfactant 0.5~1.5%, flame retardant 5~10%, catalyst 3~6%, physical foaming agent 10~15%, water 0.5~1.5%, pore-forming agent 0.5~2%, plasticizer 8~15%;Wherein, the functionality of modified urea-formaldehyde resin is 2~3, hydroxyl value is 200~400mgKOH / g, viscosity is 5000~10000mpa·s and its preparation method technical scheme, the above problems are preferably solved, can be used in the industrial application of B-type cabin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of polyurethane, and specifically relates to an open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to climate change and the declarations of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality policies by major world economies, liquefied natural gas (LNG), as a clean energy source, will become more deeply integrated into human life. Natural gas can be liquefied under normal pressure and -163°C. The main component of LNG is methane. Ships used to transport LNG are called LNG carriers. LNG carriers can be divided into two types according to the structure of their cargo tanks: membrane type and independent tank type. Among them, the Type B independent cargo tank has the advantages of higher space utilization and lower cost. However, one of the design challenges of the Type B tank is how to design a suitable leakage channel between the insulation layer and the hull and maintain the airtightness of the insulation layer.

[0003] Existing insulation designs for Type B cabins typically use prefabricated insulation boards, but these are costly, have poor thermal insulation performance, and are complex to install. Meanwhile, conventional spray-coated rigid foam is prone to cracking in high-stress areas such as support points, and leakage channels are easily blocked by the sprayed insulation. Therefore, developing a spray-coated rigid foam with a high open area ratio has a very promising market prospect for addressing the formation of leakage channels in Type B cabins.

[0004] Chinese patent CN102731992B discloses a rigid, open-cell polyurethane foam for use in subsea pipeline joints. This foam is formed by mixing and reacting a polyether polyol mixture and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate at a weight ratio of 1:1.1–1.8. The polyether polyol mixture comprises 100 parts polyether polyol, 0–1.5 parts catalyst, and 0–0.5 parts water. The resulting rigid, open-cell polyurethane foam has a density >120 kg / m³. 3 The open area ratio is between 70% and 90%, but it needs to be further improved. Moreover, the mechanical properties such as bonding strength, dimensional stability, and compressive strength are not disclosed, which poses a risk of cracking, deformation, and peeling of the sprayed insulation layer.

[0005] Chinese patent application CN115246920A discloses an open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, its preparation method, and its application. The foam comprises 100 parts of a polyol composition, 100-160 parts of isocyanate, 0.2-2 parts of surfactant, 0-5 parts of crosslinking agent, 1-3 parts of catalyst, and 0.5-1.5 parts of water. The polyol composition includes at least 30 parts of bio-based polyether polyol; its density can reach 120 g / cm³. 3 The strength is above 1.6MPa and the porosity is above 75%, but the porosity needs to be further improved. In addition, the performance indicators such as bonding strength and dimensional stability are not disclosed, and there is a risk of deformation and peeling of the sprayed insulation layer.

[0006] Chinese Patent CN 217348146 U discloses a hybrid insulation structure for a type B independent liquid cargo tank, employing a hybrid insulation structure consisting of an insulating plate, an integrally sprayed insulating layer, and an airtight mechanical protective layer. It includes several insulating plates and a fastening mechanism. The bottom of each insulating plate is fitted with a pad made of low-temperature resistant material. The fastening mechanism includes bolts, nuts, nut washers, and pressure plate washers. The first end of the bolt is welded to the metal tank body, and the second end of the bolt passes through a perforated pad, inserts into a bolt hole on the insulating plate, then passes through the pressure plate washer and nut washer before being secured to the insulating plate by the nut. The area of ​​the pressure plate washer is tens of times larger than that of the nut washer. This is to reduce stress concentration in the insulation board; the thickness of the pads is determined by the flatness of the metal can. By adjusting the thickness of the pads at different positions, the flatness of the insulation board is adjusted, which effectively reduces stress concentration in the insulation board and prevents local fatigue damage to the insulation board, resulting in good flatness of the plate insulation layer; however, it does not specify what composition of sprayed polyurethane rigid foam should be used. Different foams have different physical and mechanical properties. Rigid foam with low open-cell ratio is prone to clogging leakage channels, and rigid foam with low bonding strength, poor dimensional stability, and poor compression resistance will cause the sprayed insulation layer to deform and fall off. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One of the technical problems to be solved by this invention is that the prefabricated insulation board in the insulation design of the B-type cabin has poor heat insulation effect, while the sprayed foam layer has poor mechanical properties, is prone to cracking in high stress areas, and has low porosity and easy blockage of leakage channels. This invention provides an open-cell rigid polyurethane foam that has excellent mechanical properties such as high compressive strength, good dimensional stability and high bonding strength. It does not crack or fall off in high stress areas and has a high porosity, which can form a good leakage channel between the insulation layer and the hull.

[0008] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, which corresponds to the solution of the first technical problem.

[0009] The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an application of open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, which corresponds to solving one of the technical problems.

[0010] To solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, composed of component A and component B, wherein the weight ratio of component A to component B is 1:1 to 1.05; wherein component A comprises, by weight percentage: polyether polyol: 5-10%, modified urea-formaldehyde resin: 10-15%, polyurea polyol: 35-55%, surfactant: 0.5-1.5%, flame retardant: 5-10%, catalyst: 3-6%, physical foaming agent: 10-15%, water: 0.5-1.5%, open-cell agent: 0.5-2%, plasticizer: 8-15%; wherein the functionality of the polyether polyol is 4-6. The modified urea-formaldehyde resin has a functionality of 2-3, a hydroxyl value of 200-400 mgKOH / g, and a viscosity of 5000-10000 mPa·s; the polyurea polyol has a polyurea content of 15-50%, a hydroxyl value of 20-100 mgKOH / g, and a viscosity of 3000-5000 mPa·s; the surfactant is selected from at least one of non-hydrolyzable silicon carbon surfactants or polysiloxane surfactants; the catalyst is selected from at least one of amine catalysts or metal catalysts; the physical foaming agent is a fluorinated alkane; and component B is polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate.

[0011] In the above technical solution, preferably, the polyether polyol is selected from at least one of NJ-6249, NJ-8305, NJ-8238 or NJ-403.

[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, the polyurea polyol is selected from at least one of Multranol 9151, E-9154 or E-9128.

[0013] In the above technical solution, preferably, the surfactant is selected from at least one of B-8545, LK-221 or AK-8805.

[0014] In the above technical solution, preferably, the catalyst is selected from at least two of potassium acetate, potassium isooctanoate, triethylenediamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pentamethyldipropyltriamine, trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, or N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.

[0015] In the above technical solution, preferably, the physical foaming agent is selected from at least one of monofluorodichloroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, or heptafluoropropane.

[0016] In the above technical solution, preferably, the flame retardant is selected from at least one of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate TCPP, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate TDCPP, diethyl ethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate TEP, or 2,2-di(chloromethyl)-1,3-propylidene tetra(β-chloroethyl) diphosphate V6.

[0017] In the above technical solution, preferably, the pore-opening agent is selected from GrandTech. TM At least one of K340, ORTEGOL 501, or CHK-350D.

[0018] In the above technical solution, preferably, the plasticizer is selected from at least one of dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, or diisopropyl sebacate.

[0019] To solve the second technical problem mentioned above, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, comprising the following steps:

[0020] (1) Prepare the raw materials according to the following weight percentages of the components:

[0021] Component A comprises, by weight percentage: polyether polyol: 5-10%, modified urea-formaldehyde resin: 10-15%, polyurea polyol: 35-55%, surfactant: 0.5-1.5%, flame retardant: 5-10%, catalyst: 3-6%, physical foaming agent: 10-15%, water: 0.5-1.5%, cell opener: 0.5-2%, plasticizer: 8-15%; wherein the polyether polyol has a functionality of 4-6 and a hydroxyl value of 200-1200 mgKOH / g; the modified urea-formaldehyde resin has a functionality of 2-3 and a hydroxyl value of 20. The polyurea polyol has a polyurea content of 15-50%, a hydroxyl value of 20-100 mg KOH / g, and a viscosity of 3000-5000 mPa·s; the surfactant is selected from at least one of non-hydrolyzable silicon carbide surfactants or polysiloxane surfactants; the catalyst is selected from at least one of amine catalysts or metal catalysts; the physical blowing agent is a fluorinated alkane; component B is polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate; the weight ratio of component A to component B is 1:1-1.05.

[0022] (2) Preparation of component A:

[0023] According to the components and weight percentages in step (1), the weighed polyether polyol, modified urea-formaldehyde resin, polyurea polyol, surfactant, flame retardant, catalyst, physical foaming agent, water, cell opener and plasticizer are added to the reaction vessel in sequence and stirred at room temperature for 1 to 1.5 hours to mix thoroughly.

[0024] (3) Mix component A and component B at a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1.05 using a high-pressure sprayer, atomize and foam the mixture, and rapidly form and mature the foam to obtain open-cell rigid polyurethane foam. The operating conditions of the high-pressure sprayer are as follows: the pressure and temperature of the equipment meet the requirements for spraying atomization, the distance between the spray gun nozzle and the base surface is 500 to 800 mm, the moving speed is uniform, the ambient temperature for spraying is 10 to 35℃, the relative humidity is less than 85%, and the wind speed during construction does not exceed 5 m / s.

[0025] In the above technical solution, preferably, the polyether polyol is selected from at least one of NJ-6249, NJ-8305, NJ-8238 or NJ-403.

[0026] In the above technical solution, preferably, the polyurea polyol is selected from at least one of Multranol 9151, E-9154 or E-9128.

[0027] In the above technical solution, preferably, the surfactant is selected from at least one of B-8545, LK-221 or AK-8805.

[0028] In the above technical solution, preferably, the catalyst is selected from at least two of potassium acetate, potassium isooctanoate, triethylenediamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pentamethyldipropyltriamine, trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, or N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.

[0029] In the above technical solution, preferably, the physical foaming agent is selected from at least one of monofluorodichloroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, or heptafluoropropane.

[0030] In the above technical solution, preferably, the flame retardant is selected from at least one of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate TCPP, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate TDCPP, diethyl ethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate TEP, or 2,2-di(chloromethyl)-1,3-propylidene tetra(β-chloroethyl) diphosphate V6.

[0031] In the above technical solution, preferably, the pore-opening agent is selected from GrandTech. TM At least one of K340, ORTEGOL 501, or CHK-350D.

[0032] In the above technical solution, preferably, the plasticizer is selected from at least one of dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, or diisopropyl sebacate.

[0033] To solve the third technical problem mentioned above, the present invention provides the following technical solution: using the prepared open-cell rigid polyurethane foam in the industrial application of the B-type compartment of LNG transport vehicles.

[0034] This invention relates to an open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, which, through the synergistic combination of polyether polyol, modified urea-formaldehyde resin, and polyurea polyol, produces a sprayable rigid polyurethane foam with a suitable density. The innovative use of modified urea-formaldehyde resin improves the compressive strength of the polyurethane foam; the addition of polyurea polyol enhances the dimensional stability of the foam under ultra-low temperature conditions, and, together with the composite addition of the opening agent, plays a significant role in increasing the open-cell ratio; furthermore, the synergistic combination of flame retardant, surfactant, catalyst, and plasticizer strengthens the bond strength between the foam and the substrate. The resulting rigid polyurethane foam has a density of 50–60 kg / m³. 3 It has a compressive strength of over 480 kPa, an adhesive strength of over 200 kPa, an open area ratio of over 95%, and a volume change rate of less than 0.4% at -196℃. It also has excellent mechanical properties such as high compressive strength, strong adhesive strength, and good dimensional stability at ultra-low temperatures. After spraying, it can be used as a secondary shielding insulation layer for Type B cabins. It does not crack, deform, or fall off. Moreover, its high open area ratio can form an effective leakage channel, achieving good technical results.

[0035] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments, but is not limited to these embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Table 1 Raw Material List

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] The modified urea-formaldehyde resin CN-2700 was prepared using the method steps described in Example 1 of Chinese patent application CN202211039275.7. The specific steps are as follows:

[0040] (1) Add urea, melamine, paraformaldehyde and polyol to the reactor in a molar ratio of 1:0.1:3:3 to form material I;

[0041] (2) Heating under stirring conditions, when the temperature of the material in the reactor is 75°C, adding pH adjuster to adjust the pH of the system to 9, and reacting for 1 hour to obtain material II;

[0042] (3) Add pH adjuster under normal pressure to adjust pH to 4, reaction temperature to 75℃, and react for 2 hours to obtain material Ⅲ;

[0043] (4) Add pH adjuster to material III to adjust pH to 7.5 to obtain material IV;

[0044] (5) The material IV was subjected to vacuum distillation to remove small molecule byproducts. The vacuum distillation temperature was 75℃ and the pressure was -0.098MPa. The solid salt was removed by filtration using a gauge pressure gauge to obtain modified urea-formaldehyde resin CN-2700. Its performance data are: moisture content of 0.236%, viscosity at 25℃ of 8040mPa·s, and hydroxyl value of 324mgKOH / g.

[0045]

Example 1

[0046] (1) Preparation of component A: 100kg

[0047] Weigh the following separately: polyether polyol: NJ-6249, 7 kg; modified urea-formaldehyde resin: CN2700, 11 kg; polyurea polyol: E-9154, 45 kg; non-hydrolyzable silicon-carbon surfactant: B-8545, 1 kg; flame retardant: TCPP, 8 kg; catalyst: a mixed catalyst consisting of 3 kg N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine and 1 kg dibutyltin dilaurate; physical foaming agent: HFC245fa, 12 kg; water: 0.8 kg; cell opener: GrandTech. TM K340, 1.2 kg; Plasticizer: DOP, 10 kg;

[0048] (2) Weigh out the polyether polyol, modified urea-formaldehyde resin, polyurea polyol, surfactant, flame retardant, catalyst, physical foaming agent, water, cell opener and plasticizer, and add them to the reaction vessel in sequence. Stir at room temperature for 1.5 hours to mix thoroughly.

[0049] (3) Weigh component B: 105 kg; Component B is specifically PM-200;

[0050] (4) Component A and component B were mixed uniformly at a weight ratio of 1:1.05 using a high-pressure sprayer, atomized, and foamed. The foam rapidly formed and matured to obtain open-cell rigid polyurethane foam. The operating conditions of the high-pressure sprayer were: the pressure and temperature of the equipment met the requirements for spray atomization, the distance between the spray gun nozzle and the substrate was 700 mm, and the moving speed was uniform; the ambient temperature for spraying was 25℃, the relative humidity was 70%, and the wind speed during construction was 3.5 m / s. The performance data of the obtained open-cell rigid polyurethane foam are shown in Table 3.

[0051]

Examples 2-10

[0052] Examples 2 to 10 were carried out according to the steps in Example 1, with the difference being the reaction raw materials, raw material ratios, and stirring time, as shown in Table 2; the performance data of the obtained open-cell rigid polyurethane foam are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0053] Table 2 shows the weight (kg) of each component raw material in Examples 1-10.

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

Comparative Example 1

[0057] A method for preparing rigid polyurethane foam includes the following steps:

[0058] (1) Preparation of component A: 100kg

[0059] Weigh the following separately: polyether polyol: NJ-8238, 20 kg; polyester polyol: SKR-240B, 37 kg; non-hydrolyzable silicon-carbon surfactant: B-8545, 1 kg; flame retardant: TCPP, 15 kg; catalyst: a mixed catalyst consisting of 3 kg N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine and 1 kg potassium acetate; physical foaming agent: HFC 245fa, 12 kg; water: 0.8 kg; cell opener: CHK-350D, 10.2 kg.

[0060] (2) Add the weighed polyether polyol, polyester polyol, surfactant, flame retardant, catalyst, physical foaming agent, water, and cell opener to the reactor in sequence, and stir at room temperature for 1.5 hours to mix thoroughly.

[0061] (3) Weigh component B: 105 kg; Component B is specifically PM-200;

[0062] (4) Component A and component B were mixed uniformly at a weight ratio of 1:1.05 using a high-pressure sprayer, atomized, and foamed. The foam rapidly solidified and matured to obtain rigid polyurethane foam. The operating conditions of the high-pressure sprayer were as follows: the pressure and temperature of the equipment met the requirements for spray atomization; the distance between the spray gun nozzle and the substrate was 700 mm; the moving speed was uniform; the ambient temperature during spraying was 25℃, the relative humidity was 70%, and the wind speed during construction was 3.5 m / s. The performance data of the obtained rigid polyurethane foam are shown in Table 5.

[0063] Table 3 Performance test data of open-cell rigid polyurethane foams in Examples 1-5

[0064]

[0065] Table 4. Performance test data of open-cell rigid polyurethane foams in Examples 6-10

[0066]

[0067] Table 5 Performance test data of rigid polyurethane foam in Comparative Example 1

[0068]

[0069] As can be seen from the performance data of the open-cell rigid polyurethane foam in Tables 3 and 4, the density of the rigid polyurethane foam prepared by the composite materials used in Examples 1 to 10 of this invention is 50 to 60 kg / m³. 3 The compressive strength is above 480 kPa, the bonding strength is above 200 kPa, the open-cell ratio is above 95%, and the volume change rate at -196℃ is below 0.4%, which is far superior to that of Comparative Example 1. The rigid polyurethane foam prepared by this invention has excellent mechanical properties such as high compressive strength, high bonding strength, and good dimensional stability at ultra-low temperatures. After spraying, it can be used as a secondary shielding insulation layer for Type B compartments. It does not crack, deform, or fall off. Moreover, the high open-cell ratio can form an effective leakage channel, achieving good technical results. It can be used in the industrial application of Type B compartments for LNG transport vehicles.

Claims

1. An open-cell rigid polyurethane foam, comprising component A and component B, wherein the weight ratio of component A to component B is 1:1 to 1.05; wherein, Component A, by weight percentage, comprises: polyether polyol: 5-10%, modified urea-formaldehyde resin: 10-15%, polyurea polyol: 35-55%, surfactant: 0.5-1.5%, flame retardant: 5-10%, catalyst: 3-6%, physical foaming agent: 10-15%, water: 0.5-1.5%, cell opener: 0.5-2%, and plasticizer: 8-15%; wherein the polyether polyol has a functionality of 4-6 and a hydroxyl value of 200-1200 mgKOH / g; the modified urea-formaldehyde resin has a functionality of 2-3, a hydroxyl value of 200-400 mgKOH / g, and a viscosity of 5000-10000 mPa·s; and the polyurea polyol has a polyurea content of 15-50%, a hydroxyl value of 20-100 mgKOH / g, and a viscosity of 3000-5000 mPa·s. •s; The surfactant is selected from at least one of non-hydrolyzable silicon carbon surfactants or polysiloxane surfactants; The catalyst is selected from at least one of amine catalysts or metal catalysts; The physical foaming agent is a fluorinated alkane; Component B is polymethyl polyphenyl polyisocyanate.

2. The open-cell rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The catalyst is selected from at least two of potassium acetate, potassium isooctanoate, triethylenediamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, N,N,N′-trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, or N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.

3. The open-cell rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical foaming agent is selected from at least one of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, or heptafluoropropane; the polyether polyol is selected from at least one of NJ-6249, NJ-8305, NJ-8238, or NJ-403; the polyurea polyol is selected from at least one of Multranol 9151, E-9154, or E-9128; and the surfactant is selected from at least one of B-8545, LK-221, or AK-8805.

4. The open-cell rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame retardant is selected from at least one of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate TCPP, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate TDCPP, diethyl ethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate TEP, or 2,2-di(chloromethyl)-1,3-propylidene tetra(β-chloroethyl) diphosphate V6.

5. The open-cell rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pore-opening agent is selected from GrandTech. TM At least one of K340, ORTEGOL 501, or CHK-350D; the plasticizer is selected from at least one of dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, or diisopropyl sebacate.

6. The method for preparing the open-cell rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare the raw materials according to the following weight percentages of the components: Component A, by weight percentage, comprises: polyether polyol: 5-10%, modified urea-formaldehyde resin: 10-15%, polyurea polyol: 35-55%, surfactant: 0.5-1.5%, flame retardant: 5-10%, catalyst: 3-6%, physical foaming agent: 10-15%, water: 0.5-1.5%, cell opener: 0.5-2%, and plasticizer: 8-15%; wherein the polyether polyol has a functionality of 4-6 and a hydroxyl value of 200-1200 mgKOH / g; the modified urea-formaldehyde resin has a functionality of 2-3, a hydroxyl value of 200-400 mgKOH / g, and a viscosity of 5000-10000 mPa·s; the polyurea polyol has a polyurea content of 15-50%, a hydroxyl value of 20-100 mgKOH / g, and a viscosity of 3000-5000 mPa·s. •s; the surfactant is selected from at least one of non-hydrolyzable silicon carbide surfactants or polysiloxane surfactants; the catalyst is selected from at least one of amine catalysts or metal catalysts; the physical blowing agent is a fluorinated alkane; component B is polymethyl polyphenyl polyisocyanate; the weight ratio of component A to component B is 1:1~1.05; (2) Preparation of component A: According to the components and weight percentages in step (1), the weighed polyether polyol, modified urea-formaldehyde resin, polyurea polyol, surfactant, flame retardant, catalyst, physical foaming agent, water, cell opener and plasticizer are added to the reaction vessel in sequence and stirred at room temperature for 1 to 1.5 hours to mix thoroughly. (3) Mix component A and component B at a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1.05 using a high-pressure sprayer, atomize and foam the mixture, and rapidly form and mature the foam to obtain open-cell rigid polyurethane foam. The operating conditions of the high-pressure sprayer are as follows: the pressure and temperature of the equipment meet the requirements for spray atomization, the distance between the spray gun nozzle and the substrate is 500 to 800 mm, the moving speed is uniform, the ambient temperature for spraying is 10 to 35℃, the relative humidity is less than 85%, and the wind speed during construction does not exceed 5 m / s.

7. The method for preparing open-cell rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 6, characterized in that, The catalyst is selected from at least two of potassium acetate, potassium isooctanoate, triethylenediamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, N,N,N′-trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, or N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine; the flame retardant is selected from at least one of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate TCPP, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate TDCPP, diethyl ethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate TEP, or 2,2-di(chloromethyl)-1,3-propylidene tetra(β-chloroethyl) diphosphate V6.

8. The method for preparing the open-cell rigid polyurethane foam composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The physical foaming agent is selected from at least one of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, or heptafluoropropane; the polyether polyol is selected from at least one of NJ-6249, NJ-8305, NJ-8238, or NJ-403; the polyurea polyol is selected from at least one of Multranol 9151, E-9154, or E-9128; and the surfactant is selected from at least one of B-8545, LK-221, or AK-8805.

9. The method for preparing open-cell rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pore-opening agent is selected from GrandTech. TM At least one of K340, ORTEGOL 501, or CHK-350D; the plasticizer is selected from at least one of dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, or diisopropyl sebacate.

10. The application of the open-cell rigid polyurethane foam of claim 1 in the Type B compartment of an LNG transport vehicle.

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