An aluminium bronze alloy and a method of making the same

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of alloy materials, and provides an aluminum bronze alloy and a preparation method thereof.The aluminum bronze alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: aluminum 12.5-13.5%, iron 4-6%, nickel 4-6% or cobalt 2-3%, manganese 2.5-3.5%, and the rest is copper.The as-cast strength of the aluminum bronze alloy is up to 750 MPa, the yield strength is up to 500 MPa, the Brinell hardness HBW is up to about 300 HB, and the lubrication friction coefficient is lower than 0.4.The alloy material can be successfully applied to the guide device of an automobile die, cooperates with the die steel to perform sliding friction, has the advantages of no deformation, high strength, good wear resistance and good heat conductivity.In addition, the phase organization and intermetallic compound are uniformly and reasonably distributed, a large amount of martensite β phase is reserved in the alloy matrix, a small amount of harmful phase is reserved, and the comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum bronze alloy and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Binary alloys of copper and aluminum and multicomponent alloys with the addition of Fe, Mn, or Ni are all called aluminum bronze. The aluminum bronze is an alloy with aluminum as the main strengthening element, which was researched in the early 20th century. The mechanical properties of the aluminum bronze are higher than those of brass and tin bronze. The aluminum bronze has very high corrosion resistance and strength and toughness comparable to steel, and thus is widely used. The Cu-Al binary alloy with an aluminum content of 5%-7% can be cold worked, and the aluminum bronze with an aluminum content of >7% needs to be hot worked. For the application of the deep drawing die and some wear-resistant occasions, the aluminum content can be >14%. The commonly used aluminum bronze has an aluminum content of 5%-12%, and is applied to high wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant parts such as gears, shaft sleeves, propellers, pumps, valve bodies, and worm gears.

[0003] The main application performance of the aluminum bronze is good mechanical properties and wear resistance. As a wear-resistant material that does not adhere to steel, the mechanical strength, high hardness and wear resistance, and good thermal conductivity are all the characteristics required by the high-performance aluminum bronze. High hardness represents high wear resistance, but the increase of the hardness leads to the decrease of the elongation and the increase of the brittleness of the material, and thus the brittle fracture of the material occurs. The decrease of the hardness can prevent the fracture, but the tensile strength and yield strength are also reduced, the alloy material is easily deformed, and the mechanical strength and wear resistance cannot be guaranteed. In addition, considering the corrosion of the application environment, the corrosion cracking is also a way of material failure. For the high-hardness material, the widmanstatten structure and the martensite beta phase or other hard and brittle phases are more easily corroded by the medium, and thus the good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance are also necessary characteristics of the excellent alloy.

[0004] It is difficult to design a high-performance copper alloy to guarantee the material hardness and wear resistance, maintain the high material strength without fracture failure, and prevent the oxidation corrosion aging. The strength of the aluminum bronze alloy on the market is below 600Mpa, and the hardness is below 150HB after casting. As a mechanical part or wear-resistant sliding block, the special high-strength application needs the participation of the additional forging and heat treatment process. A part of the high-hardness aluminum bronze is used in the deep drawing die market, has high hardness and wear resistance, and the hardness range is 250HB-400HB. However, the mechanical properties are poor, the tensile strength is below 500Mpa, the elongation after fracture is 0%, and the fracture and corrosion are easily caused in the processing and use. SUMMARY

[0005] The embodiment of the present application aims to provide an aluminum bronze alloy, and aims to provide a copper alloy with high comprehensive performance, high strength in a cast state, no easy breaking, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0006] The embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows: an aluminum bronze alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight:

[0007] aluminum 12.5-13.5%, iron 4-6%, nickel 4-6% or cobalt 2-3%, manganese 2.5-3.5%, and the rest is copper.

[0008] Another purpose of the embodiment of the present application is a preparation method of an aluminum bronze alloy, comprising:

[0009] According to the above formula of the aluminum bronze alloy, aluminum raw materials, iron raw materials, nickel / cobalt raw materials, manganese raw materials and copper raw materials are weighed;

[0010] In a melting device, the aluminum raw materials, the iron raw materials, the nickel / cobalt raw materials, the manganese raw materials and part of the copper raw materials are sequentially added for melting treatment, and then the remaining part of the copper raw materials is added for continuous melting treatment, to obtain a molten liquid;

[0011] The molten liquid is poured by using a casting cavity with a chilling material to obtain a casting;

[0012] During the cooling of the casting, when the casting is cooled to 600-700 DEG C, an open-box cooling treatment is performed, and thus the aluminum bronze alloy is obtained.

[0013] The embodiment of the present application provides a five-element aluminum bronze alloy, the as-cast strength of which is as high as 750 Mpa, the yield strength of which can reach 500 Mpa, the Brinell hardness HBW of which can reach about 300 HB, and the lubricated friction coefficient of which is less than 0.4. The alloy material can be successfully applied to a guide device of an automobile die, cooperates with a die steel for sliding friction, has the advantages of no deformation, high strength, good wear resistance and good thermal conductivity.

[0014] In addition, the preparation method of the five-element aluminum bronze alloy provided in the embodiments of the present application can ensure that the material does not absorb gas and the casting does not have defects such as pores by controlling the smelting temperature and using intermediate alloy in the smelting process; in the molding process, the performance of the crystallization and the post-solidification structure is improved by the fine-grain strengthening technology; and in the post-processing process of the solidification molding of the casting, in order to obtain the martensite β phase, the box is opened for atomization cooling in the temperature range of 600-700 ℃, which significantly strengthens the matrix structure. In addition, the preparation process of the present application is formed by casting, and does not need the participation of heat treatment, and the obtained alloy material has excellent oxidation corrosion resistance and annealing softening resistance, through the research on the matrix structure by the scanning electron microscope, the phase structure and intermetallic compound are uniformly and reasonably distributed, the matrix retains a large amount of martensite β phase and a small amount of harmful phase, which indicates that the preparation process prevents the occurrence of eutectoid transformation, greatly reduces the probability of material failure of the alloy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a phase structure distribution diagram of the aluminum bronze alloy provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0016] Figure 2 is a secondary electron image and backscattered electron image diagram of the aluminum bronze alloy provided in the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0018] The embodiment of the present application provides a new aluminum bronze alloy, by determining the required performance, the target material cast strength is above 600Mpa, yield strength is about 500Mpa, elongation after breaking is >2%, hardness range is >250HB. Further, the multi-element alloy category and the strengthening phase are selected: in order to ensure that the material can obtain comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, the Cu-Al-Fe-Mn-Ni(Co) five-element alloy series is selected. Among them, the effect of cobalt is stronger than that of nickel, which is twice the effect of nickel in copper, and the five-element material series will appear five phases and organizations after casting, which are alpha phase, martensitic beta phase, K phase based on aluminum iron compound, K phase based on nickel aluminum compound and gamma 2 phase, the strengthening phase is researched, the martensitic beta phase and the gamma 2 phase are selected as the strengthening phase, which is used to ensure the strength and wear resistance of the material, and the K phase is selected as the toughness and corrosion resistance of the alloy. Further, the element content range is determined: Al is used as the main strengthening element, under the above hardness and strengthening phase requirements, the equivalent of aluminum should be >12%, in order to ensure that too much gamma 2 phase does not appear, the upper limit is limited to 13%, therefore the aluminum content component range is 12%-13%, the content of manganese is selected to be 2.5%-3.5%, to ensure the stability of the beta phase. Iron and nickel are used as the main forming elements of the K phase and the guarantee of corrosion resistance, and the component range is 4-6%. If cobalt is used instead of nickel, the component range is 2-3%. In addition, in order to ensure that the beta phase does not occur eutectoid transformation to generate alpha+K+gamma 2 eutectoid mixture at 550 DEG C, in the specific implementation process, the supercooling degree is increased by using the chilled material and the rapid cooling mode after casting, and the generation of eutectoid structure and harmful phase is reduced, so that a large proportion of martensitic beta phase is obtained.

[0019] In the embodiment of the present application, the aluminum bronze alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight:

[0020] Aluminum 12.5-13.5%, iron 4-6%, nickel 4-6% or cobalt 2-3%, manganese 2.5-3.5%, and the rest is copper.

[0021] Among them, the tensile strength of the aluminum bronze alloy is >650Mpa, the yield strength is >470Mpa, the elongation after breaking is >2%, and the Brinell hardness is >285HB.

[0022] The embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned aluminum bronze alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0023] The aluminum raw material, the iron raw material, the nickel / cobalt raw material, the manganese raw material and the copper raw material are weighed according to the formula of the aluminum bronze alloy;

[0024] The aluminum raw material, the iron raw material, the nickel / cobalt raw material, the manganese raw material and part of the copper raw material are sequentially added into the melting equipment for melting treatment, and then the remaining part of the copper raw material is added for continuous melting treatment, so as to obtain a molten liquid;

[0025] The pouring process of the smelting liquid is carried out by using a casting cavity with chilling material to obtain a casting.

[0026] During the cooling process of the casting, the opening-box cooling process is carried out when the casting is cooled to 600-700℃, and the casting is obtained.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, the step of obtaining the smelting liquid by sequentially adding aluminum raw materials, iron raw materials, nickel / cobalt raw materials, manganese raw materials and part of copper raw materials in the smelting equipment for smelting treatment, and then adding the remaining part of copper raw materials for continuous smelting treatment, comprises:

[0028] In the smelting equipment, aluminum raw materials are first added, iron raw materials, nickel / cobalt raw materials are sequentially placed above the aluminum raw materials, the remaining space is filled with part of copper raw materials, after all raw materials are completely melted into liquid by smelting treatment, the remaining part of copper raw materials is added for smelting treatment, and the smelting liquid is obtained.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, in the alloy material smelting process, the smelting equipment adopts a medium-frequency induction furnace smelting, and the ingredients are added according to the composition of the target material plus the loss on ignition. In this way, the main raw materials of the alloy are electrolytic copper, pure aluminum, low-carbon steel, metallic manganese and electrolytic nickel / cobalt plate. In the charging process, pure aluminum, low-carbon steel, electrolytic nickel / cobalt plate and metallic manganese are first added, and the remaining part is added with part of electrolytic copper. The smelting temperature can be 1100℃. After all are melted, the remaining part of electrolytic copper is added to start smelting. The smelting temperature is lower than 1200℃. After complete melting, the composition is sampled and measured, and dry inert gas such as high-purity argon (99.9%) is used to start gas refining. After the composition and gas content test in front of the furnace are qualified, the pouring temperature is adjusted to 1180℃ to prepare for pouring.

[0030] In the embodiment of the present application, in the molding process, a large amount of high-thermal-conductivity material is used as the chilling material. The pouring forming process of the alloy adopts a bottom pouring mode pouring system. The casting top is provided with a riser, and the position of the chilling material is placed at the bottom and side of the casting.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, during the cooling process of the casting after pouring, according to the size and characteristics of the product and the tooling, the opening-box cooling is started after 30-60 minutes after the riser solidifies, and the cooling mode is selected as water mist cooling, which is beneficial to accelerate the martensitic transformation of the β phase and strengthen the performance of the matrix.

[0032] The aluminum bronze alloy preparation method provided in the embodiment of the present application controls the smelting temperature and uses the intermediate alloy in the smelting process to ensure that the material does not absorb gas, and the casting will not have defects such as pores. In the molding process, the performance of the crystal and the solidified structure is improved by the fine-grain strengthening technology. In the post-processing process of the solidified forming of the casting, in order to obtain the martensitic β phase, the opening-box mist cooling is carried out in the temperature range of 600-700℃, which significantly strengthens the matrix structure, and is the application of innovative manufacturing technology.

[0033] The following gives specific examples of certain embodiments of the present application, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0034] Example 1: Production of aluminum bronze alloy plate, size 1500*500*50mm. Melting equipment: intermediate frequency coreless induction furnace. Ingredients: pure aluminum ingot 12.5%, electrolytic nickel plate 5%, low carbon steel 5%, metal manganese sheet 3.3%, and the rest is electrolytic copper, all materials are cut into small pieces as much as possible.

[0035] Step 1: First add aluminum ingot, put low carbon steel pieces and small pieces of electrolytic nickel plate above the aluminum ingot, put metal manganese on top, and fill the rest of the space with electrolytic copper, try to leave no gaps when loading the furnace. Start melting as quickly as possible, heat to 1100°C and hold until all is completely melted into a liquid, add the rest of the electrolytic copper, control the melting temperature below 1200°C to prevent the metal liquid from absorbing gas, start sampling to adjust the chemical composition, use dry high-purity argon (99.9%) for degassing refining for 10-20 minutes, wait for pouring after the composition and furnace front detection are completed, and the pouring temperature is 1180°C.

[0036] Step 2: The molding process is as follows: prepare the casting mold and the necessary gating system, choose graphite block as cold iron, use bottom pouring gating system, place the graphite block at the bottom and side of the casting, use 400*100*80mm graphite block to pave the bottom box at the bottom, and use 100*100*50mm graphite block on the side, the graphite block can use thickness face or width face, the gap between the graphite blocks is 10-20mm, use furan resin sand molding production process, brush zirconium-English powder paint and dry, clean the box and wait for pouring.

[0037] Step 3: After pouring, clean out one corner of the casting body 30 minutes after the riser solidifies, use an infrared temperature detector to detect the temperature of the casting body, open the box when the temperature cools to 600-700°C, quickly clean the surface of the floating sand, use water mist for rapid atomization cooling until the temperature of the casting body is below 300 degrees Celsius. Cut the pouring and riser system and process after cooling to room temperature.

[0038] Example 2: Production of aluminum bronze alloy plate, size 1500*500*70mm. Melting equipment: intermediate frequency coreless induction furnace. Ingredients: pure aluminum ingot 13%, electrolytic nickel plate 4.5%, low carbon steel 4.5%, metal manganese sheet 2.5%, and the rest is electrolytic copper, all materials are cut into small pieces as much as possible.

[0039] Step 1: First add aluminum ingot, aluminum ingot above put low carbon steel pieces and small pieces of electrolytic nickel plate, put metal manganese on top, the rest of the space is filled with electrolytic copper, as far as possible to fill the furnace without leaving gaps. Start smelting, as far as possible to smelt quickly, heat to 1100℃, keep warm until all completely melted into liquid, add the rest of the most electrolytic copper, control the smelting temperature below 1200℃ at this stage to prevent the liquid from absorbing gas, start sampling to adjust the chemical composition, use dry high purity argon (99.9%) to degassing refining for 10-20 minutes, wait for pouring after the composition and furnace front detection is completed, pouring temperature 1180℃.

[0040] Step 2: The synchronous modeling process is as follows: prepare the casting mold and the necessary pouring system, choose graphite block as cold iron, adopt bottom pouring system, put riser on top, put graphite block at the bottom and side of the casting, use 400*100*80mm graphite block to pave the bottom box at the bottom, use 100*100*50mm graphite block at the side, graphite block can use thickness face or width face, the gap between graphite blocks is 10-20mm, adopt furan resin sand molding production process, brush zirconium powder paint and dry, clean the box and wait for pouring.

[0041] Step 3: After pouring, clean out one corner of the casting body 30min after the riser solidifies, detect the casting body temperature with infrared temperature detector, open the box when the temperature cools to 600-700℃, quickly clean the surface of floating sand, use water mist for quick atomization cooling until the casting body temperature is lower than 300℃. Cut the pouring and riser system and process after cooling to room temperature.

[0042] Example 3: Produce aluminum bronze alloy plate, size 1500*500*100mm, smelting equipment: intermediate frequency coreless induction furnace. Ingredients: pure aluminum ingot 12.6%, low carbon steel sheet 5.5%, electrolytic nickel plate 4.5%, metal manganese 3.5%, the rest is electrolytic copper, all materials are cut into small pieces as far as possible.

[0043] Step 1: First add aluminum ingot, aluminum ingot above put low carbon steel pieces and small pieces of electrolytic nickel plate, put metal manganese on top, the rest of the space is filled with electrolytic copper, as far as possible to fill the furnace without leaving gaps. Start smelting, as far as possible to smelt quickly, heat to 1100℃, keep warm until all completely melted into liquid, add the rest of the most electrolytic copper, control the smelting temperature below 1200℃ at this stage to prevent the liquid from absorbing gas, start sampling to adjust the chemical composition, use dry high purity argon (99.9%) to degassing refining for 10-20 minutes, wait for pouring after the composition and furnace front detection is completed, pouring temperature 1180℃.

[0044] Step 2: The synchronous modeling process is as follows: prepare the casting mold and the necessary pouring and riser system, select graphite block as cold iron, adopt bottom pouring system, place riser on top, place graphite block at the bottom and side of the casting, use 400*100*80mm graphite block to pave the bottom box at the bottom, use 100*100*50mm graphite block on the side, graphite block can use thickness face or width face, gap between graphite blocks is 10-20mm, adopt furan resin sand molding production process, brush zirconium powder coating and dry, clean and close the box for pouring.

[0045] Step 3: After pouring, clean out one corner of the casting body 30 minutes after the riser solidifies, detect the casting body temperature with an infrared temperature detector, open the box when the temperature cools to 600-700℃, quickly clean the surface of the floating sand, use water mist for rapid atomization cooling until the casting body temperature is below 300 degrees Celsius. Cut the pouring and riser system and process after cooling to room temperature.

[0046] Example 4: Produce aluminum bronze alloy plate with size 1500*500*100mm, melting equipment: medium-frequency coreless induction furnace. Ingredients: pure aluminum ingot 12.7%, low carbon steel sheet 5.5%, electrolytic nickel plate 5.5%, metal manganese 2.8%, and the rest is electrolytic copper. All materials are cut into small pieces as much as possible.

[0047] Step 1: First add aluminum ingot, place low carbon steel pieces and small electrolytic nickel plates above the aluminum ingot, place metal manganese on top, and fill the rest of the space with electrolytic copper. Load the furnace as much as possible without leaving gaps. Start melting as quickly as possible, heat to 1100℃ and hold until all is completely melted into a liquid state. Add the remaining majority of electrolytic copper, control the melting temperature below 1200℃ at this stage to prevent the metal liquid from absorbing gas. Start sampling to adjust the chemical composition, use dry high-purity argon gas (99.9%) for degassing refining for 10-20 minutes. Wait for pouring after the composition and furnace front detection are completed. Pouring temperature is 1180℃.

[0048] Step 2: The synchronous modeling process is as follows: prepare the casting mold and the necessary pouring and riser system, select graphite block as cold iron, adopt bottom pouring system, place riser on top, place graphite block at the bottom and side of the casting, use 400*100*80mm graphite block to pave the bottom box at the bottom, use 100*100*50mm graphite block on the side, graphite block can use thickness face or width face, gap between graphite blocks is 10-20mm, adopt furan resin sand molding production process, brush zirconium powder coating and dry, clean and close the box for pouring.

[0049] Step 3: After pouring, 30 minutes after the riser solidifies, clean out a corner of the cast body, detect the cast body temperature with an infrared temperature detector, open the box when the temperature cools to the range of 600-700°C, quickly clean the surface of the floating sand, use water mist for rapid atomization cooling until the cast body temperature is below 300 degrees Celsius. After cooling to room temperature, cut off the pouring and riser system and process.

[0050] Example 5: Produce aluminum bronze alloy plate, size 1500*500*100mm, melting equipment: medium-frequency coreless induction furnace. Ingredients: pure aluminum ingot 13%, low-carbon steel sheet 6%, electrolytic nickel plate 6%, metal manganese 3.2%, the rest is electrolytic copper, all materials are cut into small pieces as much as possible.

[0051] Step 1: First add aluminum ingot, put low-carbon steel fragments and small pieces of electrolytic nickel plate above the aluminum ingot, put metal manganese on top, and fill the rest of the space with electrolytic copper. As much as possible, do not leave gaps when loading the furnace. Start melting, melt as quickly as possible, heat to 1100°C and hold until all is completely melted into a liquid. Add the remaining majority of electrolytic copper. Control the melting temperature below 1200°C at this stage to prevent the metal liquid from absorbing gas. Start sampling to adjust the chemical composition. Use dry high-purity argon gas (99.9%) for degassing refining for 10-20 minutes. After the composition and furnace front detection are completed, wait for pouring. Pouring temperature is 1180°C.

[0052] Step 2: The molding process is as follows: prepare the casting mold and necessary pouring riser system, choose graphite block as cold iron, use bottom pouring method, place riser on top, place graphite blocks at the bottom and sides of the casting, use 400*100*80mm graphite blocks to pave the bottom box at the bottom, use 100*100*50mm graphite blocks on the sides. The graphite blocks can use thickness or width, the gap between the graphite blocks is 10-20mm, use furan resin sand molding production process, brush zirconium-English powder paint and dry, clean and assemble the box for pouring.

[0053] Step 3: After pouring, 30 minutes after the riser solidifies, clean out a corner of the cast body, detect the cast body temperature with an infrared temperature detector, open the box when the temperature cools to the range of 600-700°C, quickly clean the surface of the floating sand, use water mist for rapid atomization cooling until the cast body temperature is below 300 degrees Celsius. After cooling to room temperature, cut off the pouring and riser system and process.

[0054] Example 6: Produce aluminum bronze alloy plate, size 1500*500*100mm, melting equipment: medium-frequency coreless induction furnace. Ingredients: pure aluminum ingot 13%, low-carbon steel sheet 5%, electrolytic cobalt 2.5%, metal manganese 3.2%, the rest is electrolytic copper, all materials are cut into small pieces as much as possible.

[0055] Step 1: First add aluminum ingot, aluminum ingot above put low carbon steel fragments and small pieces of electrolytic cobalt, put metal manganese on top, the rest of the space is filled with electrolytic copper, as far as possible to fill the space without gaps. Start smelting, as far as possible to smelt quickly, heat to 1100℃, keep warm until all completely melted into liquid, add the remaining most of the electrolytic copper, control the smelting temperature below 1200℃ in this stage to prevent the liquid from absorbing gas, start sampling to adjust the chemical composition, use dry high-purity argon (99.9%) to degas for 10-20 minutes, after the composition and furnace front detection are completed, wait for pouring, pouring temperature is 1180℃.

[0056] Step 2: The synchronous molding process is as follows: prepare the casting mold and the necessary gating system, choose graphite block as cold iron, use the bottom pouring method of the pouring system, place the graphite block at the bottom and side of the casting, use 400*100*80mm graphite block to pave the bottom box at the bottom, use 100*100*50mm graphite block on the side, the graphite block can use thickness face or width face, the gap between the graphite blocks is 10-20mm, use furan resin sand molding production process, brush zirconium-English powder paint and dry, clean the box and wait for pouring.

[0057] Step 3: After pouring, clean out one corner of the casting body 30min after the riser solidifies, use an infrared temperature detector to detect the temperature of the casting body, open the box when the temperature cools to 600-700℃, quickly clean the surface of the floating sand, use water mist for rapid atomization cooling until the temperature of the casting body is lower than 300℃. After cooling to room temperature, cut the pouring and riser system and process.

[0058] The aluminum bronze alloy prepared by the embodiment of the application can be successfully applied to the mold of the automobile bumper and used as a guide wear-resistant column, which has low friction coefficient, good wear resistance and indispensable mechanical strength as sliding.

[0059] As known from the domestic related research, high-temperature shape memory alloy CuAlMn or CuAlFeMn series are used as memory metals, and the copper-based memory metal has poor mechanical properties and is prone to grain boundary cracking, the composition range is too large or unclear, and the corresponding mechanical properties are almost uncertain, which cannot be applied in the wear-resistant field; and the most common Cu-Al-Fe-Mn type quaternary alloy in the market is C95900 of the American CDA brand, and the clear composition is Cu 80-85%, Al 12-13.5%, Fe 3-5% and Mn 0-1.5%.

[0060] The aluminum bronze alloys prepared in Examples 1-6 were compared with the U.S. C95900 copper alloy of the same application and hardness level in mechanical properties testing. The test results are shown in Table 1 below. All alloy materials described below were tested and compared in the cast state. The corresponding test data for the aluminum bronze alloys prepared in Examples 1-6 were measured using a universal tensile testing machine, and the C95900 performance data are based on U.S. CDA standard performance.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] In summary, as can be seen from Table 1, through the product formula and production process provided in the embodiments of the present application, at the same hardness level, the strength of the aluminum bronze alloy material produced is at least 30% higher than that of the US C95900 alloy material, and the elongation after fracture is increased by at least 2 times.

[0065] Table 2 below lists the performance data of national standard aluminum bronze alloys based on the GB / T1176-2013 standard for cast copper and copper alloys. Among the national standard grades, the best performing alloy is ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni2, with a strength of 735 MPa, but a yield strength of only 280 MPa and a hardness of 170 HB. The other alloys all have a hardness below 170 HBW after casting, and this low hardness does not provide sufficient wear resistance. None of the national standard alloys achieves a Brinell hardness above 250 HBW, a tensile strength of 700 MPa, or a yield strength close to 500 MPa.

[0066] Table 2

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Furthermore, in order to better understand the underlying logic of the outstanding performance of the aluminum bronze alloy of the present application, the aluminum bronze alloy product prepared in Example 1 of the present application was subjected to metallographic analysis, and the structure of the alloy was observed using a Thermo Fisher multifunctional field emission scanning electron microscope. Figure 1As shown, each phase and element fusion is very uniform, in which the large size of the beta phase as a hard particle, if the alloy is regarded as concrete, the beta phase is similar to the stone in reinforced concrete, which provides the strength and wear resistance of the alloy application, the similar weathered white spots dispersed on the beta phase are K5 phase based on NiAl particles, which have strong oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, which ensures that the beta phase is not eroded in the daily ordinary application environment, the alpha phase of the matrix is decorated by dispersed K4 particles (based on Fe3Al), and the very small size of the K4 particles ensures that the alpha phase has strong toughness and certain elongation after fracture. The harmful phase is unavoidable in the production of the alloy, which can cause the aging of the material or affect other properties. The harmful phase of the alloy of the present application is Widmanstatten structure alpha phase and gamma 2 phase, from Figure 1 It can be seen that the proportion of the two phases is very small and almost negligible. The results of the microstructure observed by scanning electron microscopy support the performance of the alloy. From the backscattered electron image of each element, Figure 2 The Cu-Al-Fe-Ni-Mn alloy of the present application has uniform and delicate surface element distribution, and there is no serious segregation phenomenon. The specific composition range of the formula and the special manufacturing process make the alloy have excellent comprehensive mechanical properties of strength, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance in the as-cast state, and it has been applied in actual production. There is no similar product at home and abroad.

[0070] The above-described embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, which are described in detail and specifically, but should not be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

[0071] The above-described only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the present application, should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An aluminum bronze alloy, characterized in that The following elements are included in weight percentages: Aluminum 12.5-13.5%, iron 4-6%, nickel 4-6%, manganese 2.5-3.5%, and the rest is copper; The microstructure of the aluminum bronze alloy consists of an α phase, a martensite β phase, a K phase based on an aluminum-iron compound, a K phase based on a nickel-aluminum compound, and a γ2 phase.

2. The aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The K phase based on nickel-aluminum compounds is dispersed on the martensite β phase, and the α phase is dotted with the K phase based on aluminum-iron compounds.

3. The aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The aluminum bronze alloy has a tensile strength greater than 650 MPa, a yield strength greater than 470 MPa, an elongation after fracture greater than 2%, and a Brinell hardness greater than 285 HBW.

4. The aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The aluminum bronze alloy has a tensile strength of 752 MPa, a yield strength of 508 MPa, a Brinell hardness of 301 HBW, and a non-lubricated friction coefficient of less than 0.

4.

5. A method for preparing an aluminum bronze alloy, characterized in that: include: According to the formula of the aluminum bronze alloy of claim 1, aluminum raw material, iron raw material, nickel raw material, manganese raw material and copper raw material are weighed; After aluminum raw materials, iron raw materials, nickel raw materials, manganese raw materials and part of copper raw materials are added to the smelting equipment in sequence for smelting, Then, the remaining copper raw material is added to continue smelting to obtain a smelting liquid; The molten liquid is poured into a casting cavity with a chilled material to obtain a casting; During the casting cooling process, when the casting is cooled to 600-700° C., it is unpacked and cooled to obtain the product.

6. The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step of pouring the molten liquid into a casting cavity with chilling material to obtain a casting, a bottom pouring pouring system is adopted, a riser is placed on the top of the casting, and the chilling material is placed on the bottom and side of the casting.

7. The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the casting cooling process, when the casting is cooled to 600-700° C., it is subjected to unpacking cooling treatment, and a water mist cooling treatment method is adopted to accelerate the martensitic transformation of the β phase.

8. The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of sequentially adding aluminum raw material, iron raw material, nickel raw material, manganese raw material and part of copper raw material into the smelting equipment for smelting treatment, and then adding the remaining copper raw material for further smelting treatment to obtain the molten liquid comprises: Aluminum raw materials are first added to the smelting equipment, and iron raw materials and nickel raw materials are placed on top of the aluminum raw materials in sequence. The remaining space is filled with part of the copper raw materials. After smelting until all the raw materials are completely melted into liquid, the remaining copper raw materials are added for smelting to obtain molten liquid.

9. The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The melting temperature is 1100-1200℃.

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