An automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of mechanical parts

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of machining, and discloses an automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of mechanical parts, which solves the problem that the traditional thermal error compensation device has low feed adjustment accuracy for the spindle and affects the machining accuracy. It includes an automatic compensation drive mechanism for thermal elongation. A controller is provided on one side of the automatic compensation drive mechanism for thermal elongation. A spindle driver is provided at the bottom end inside the automatic compensation drive mechanism for thermal elongation. A spindle is provided at the bottom end of the spindle driver. A temperature sensor one is provided at the top end on one side inside the spindle, and a temperature sensor two is provided at the bottom end on the other side inside the spindle. The automatic compensation drive mechanism for thermal elongation is composed of a housing, a cover body, a combined reduction mechanism, a differential thread feed mechanism, a circulating lubrication mechanism, a compensation distance pointer, and a compensation distance measurement sensor; through this automatic compensation device, automatic compensation can be achieved according to the temperature change of the spindle, the feed adjustment accuracy of the spindle can be improved, and thus the machining accuracy can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to an automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of mechanical parts. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, high-precision machining technology has become the focus of research in the field of numerical control machining technology and the future development direction. The thermal error of machine tools is one of the main reasons affecting machining accuracy. In the existing machine tools, when in short-term standby, the spindle core is prone to shrink due to the low environmental temperature, which is commonly known as "cold shrinkage" in the market; while the machine tools usually operate at a high speed, there is inevitably bearing heating and motor heating. At the same time, the heat dissipation condition of the spindle core is relatively poor, and the heat accumulates in the core, resulting in a high temperature and easy thermal deformation, which is commonly known as "thermal elongation" in the market; the thermal elongation of the spindle is not stable and will change with the temperature rise of the core, and the temperature rise of the core is closely related to the machine tool environment, machining process, and cooling conditions. During the operation of the machine tool, when there are changes in thermal elongation and cold shrinkage of the spindle, it will cause problems such as over-cutting or under-cutting of parts, resulting in deformation and reduced accuracy of parts.

[0003] Traditional thermal error compensation is carried out according to the relationship between the thermal deformation of the machine tool spindle and the machine tool temperature. However, the traditional thermal error compensation device has a low feed adjustment accuracy for the spindle, thus affecting the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of mechanical parts, effectively solving the problem that the traditional thermal error compensation device has a low feed adjustment accuracy for the spindle and affects the machining accuracy.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A precision machining thermal elongation automatic compensation device for mechanical parts, including a thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism. One side of the thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism is fixedly provided with a controller, and one side of the controller is fixedly provided with a control panel. At the bottom end inside the thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism, a spindle driver is fixedly provided. At the bottom end of the spindle driver, there is a spindle, and at the bottom end of the spindle, there is a tool head. At the top end on one side inside the spindle, a temperature sensor one is fixedly provided, and at the bottom end on the other side inside the spindle, a temperature sensor two is fixedly provided. The thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism is composed of a housing, a cover, a combined reduction mechanism, a differential thread feed mechanism, a circulating lubrication mechanism, a compensation distance pointer, and a compensation distance measurement sensor. The cover is fixedly connected to the top end of the housing through a plurality of bolts. The combined reduction mechanism is fixedly connected to the top end inside the housing. The differential thread feed mechanism is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the combined reduction mechanism. The input shaft of the differential thread feed mechanism is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the combined reduction mechanism. The spindle driver is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the differential thread feed mechanism. The circulating lubrication mechanism is connected to the combined reduction mechanism. The compensation distance pointer is connected to one side of the differential thread feed mechanism. The compensation distance measurement sensor is fixedly connected to the bottom end on one side inside the housing. One end of the compensation distance pointer penetrates into the inside of the compensation distance measurement sensor.

[0006] Preferably, on one side of the bottom end inside the housing, a first limit clamping plate fixedly connected to the differential thread feed mechanism is fixedly provided, and on the other side of the bottom end inside the housing, a second limit clamping plate fixedly connected to the differential thread feed mechanism is fixedly provided. At the middle position of the bottom end of the housing, a through hole matching the spindle driver is provided. On both sides of the through hole, vertical limit sliding grooves are provided. On both sides of the spindle driver, vertical limit sliding blocks penetrating into the vertical limit sliding grooves are fixedly provided.

[0007] Preferably, the combined reduction mechanism is composed of a reduction gearbox housing, a servo motor one, a gear reduction component one, a servo motor two, a gear reduction component two, and a worm and worm gear reduction component. The servo motor one is fixedly connected to one end of the reduction gearbox housing. The gear reduction component one is connected to one end inside the reduction gearbox housing and is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor one. The servo motor two is fixedly connected to the other end of the reduction gearbox housing. The gear reduction component two is connected to the other end inside the reduction gearbox housing and is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor two. The worm and worm gear reduction component is connected between the gear reduction component one and the gear reduction component two.

[0008] Preferably, both the first gear reduction assembly and the second gear reduction assembly are composed of a drive shaft, a drive gear, a driven shaft, a first reduction gear, a second reduction gear, and a third reduction gear. The drive gear is fixedly sleeved at one end of the drive shaft. The first reduction gear is fixedly sleeved at the middle position of the driven shaft and meshes with the drive gear. The second reduction gear is fixedly connected to one end of the driven shaft. The third reduction gear is fixedly connected to the worm and gear reduction assembly and meshes with the second reduction gear.

[0009] Preferably, the worm and gear reduction assembly is composed of a first worm, a first worm wheel, a second worm, a second worm wheel, and several reinforcement connecting arms. The first worm wheel and the second worm wheel are fixedly connected through the reinforcement connecting arms. The first worm is connected to the first gear reduction assembly and meshes with the first worm wheel. The second worm is connected to the second gear reduction assembly and meshes with the second worm wheel. Both the first worm wheel and the second worm wheel are fixedly connected to the input shaft of the differential thread feed mechanism. The drive shaft, the driven shaft, the first worm, and the second worm are all movably connected to the reducer housing through several bearings.

[0010] Preferably, the right tooth edge of the first worm is in contact with the left tooth edge of the first worm wheel, and the left tooth edge of the second worm is in contact with the right tooth edge of the second worm wheel.

[0011] Preferably, the differential thread feed mechanism is composed of a threaded rod body, a first thread section, a second thread section, an outer screw sleeve, and an inner screw sleeve. One end of the threaded rod body is fixedly connected to the first worm wheel and the second worm wheel. Both the first thread section and the second thread section are fixedly connected to the threaded rod body. The outer screw sleeve is sleeved on the first thread section, and the bottom end of the outer screw sleeve is fixedly connected to a first limit card plate and a second limit card plate. The inner screw sleeve is located inside the outer screw sleeve and is sleeved on the second thread section. The thread directions of the outer screw sleeve and the inner screw sleeve are opposite.

[0012] Preferably, the outer screw sleeve and the inner screw sleeve are of a sliding connection structure. Limiting chutes are provided on both sides inside the outer screw sleeve, and limiting sliding blocks matching the limiting chutes are fixedly arranged on both sides of the inner screw sleeve.

[0013] Preferably, the circulating lubrication mechanism is composed of a support frame, a circulating pump, a filter, a drain pipe group, an oil inlet pipe, and a return pipe group. The circulating pump and the filter are both fixedly connected to the top end of the support frame. The drain pipe group and the return pipe group are both connected between the reducer housing and the circulating pump. The filter is connected to the return pipe group.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] (1) In work, by setting up a combined reduction mechanism composed of a reduction gearbox housing, a first servo motor, a first gear reduction assembly, a second servo motor, a second gear reduction assembly, and a worm and worm gear reduction assembly, and a differential screw feed mechanism composed of a threaded rod body, a first threaded section, a second threaded section, an external screw sleeve, and an internal screw sleeve, automatic compensation can be achieved according to the change in the spindle temperature, the feed adjustment accuracy of the spindle can be improved, and thus the machining accuracy can be improved.

[0016] (2) By setting up a circulating lubrication mechanism composed of a support frame, a circulating pump, a filter, a drain pipe group, an inlet pipe, and a return pipe group, circulating lubrication of the combined reduction mechanism can be achieved, thereby reducing the wear of each component and improving the service life. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0018] In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the automatic compensation device for thermal elongation of the precision machining of mechanical parts of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a sectional view of the automatic compensation device for thermal elongation of the precision machining of mechanical parts of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the combined reduction mechanism of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection structure between the gear reduction assembly and the worm and worm gear reduction assembly of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the automatic compensation drive mechanism for thermal elongation of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection structure between the first worm and the first worm gear of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection structure between the second worm and the second worm gear of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the circulating lubrication mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 It is a curve graph showing the corresponding relationship between the thermal deformation amount and the thermal machine time of the present invention;

[0028] In the figure: 1. Thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism; 2. Controller; 3. Control panel; 4. Spindle driver; 5. Spindle; 6. Tool bit; 7. Temperature sensor 1; 8. Temperature sensor 2; 9. Housing; 10. Cover; 11. Combined reduction mechanism; 12. Differential thread feed mechanism; 13. Circulating lubrication mechanism; 14. Compensation distance pointer; 15. Compensation distance measurement sensor; 16. Limit clamping plate 1; 17. Limit clamping plate 2; 18. Through hole; 19. Vertical limit sliding groove; 20. Vertical limit sliding block; 21. Reducer housing; 22. Servo motor 1; 23. Gear reduction component 1; 24. Servo motor 2; 25. Gear reduction component 2; 26. Worm and worm gear reduction component; 27. Drive shaft; 28. Drive gear; 29. Driven shaft; 30. First reduction gear; 31. Second reduction gear; 32. Third reduction gear; 33. First worm; 34. First worm gear; 35. Second worm; 36. Second worm gear; 37. Reinforcement connecting arm; 38. Right tooth edge; 39. Left tooth edge; 40. Left tooth edge; 41. Right tooth edge; 42. Threaded rod body; 43. First thread section; 44. Second thread section; 45. Outer screw sleeve; 46. Inner screw sleeve; 47. Limit sliding groove; 48. Limit sliding block; 49. Support frame; 50. Circulating pump; 51. Filter; 52. Drain pipe group; 53. Feed pipe; 54. Return pipe group. Detailed implementation mode

[0029] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1 consists of Figure 1 and Figure 2Given that an automatic thermal elongation compensation device for precision machining of mechanical parts according to the present invention includes a thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism 1. On one side of the thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism 1, a controller 2 is fixedly arranged. On one side of the controller 2, a control panel 3 is fixedly arranged. At the bottom end inside the thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism 1, a spindle driver 4 is fixedly arranged. At the bottom end of the spindle driver 4, a spindle 5 is arranged. At the bottom end of the spindle 5, a tool bit 6 is arranged. At the top end on one side inside the spindle 5, a temperature sensor 1 7 is fixedly arranged. At the bottom end on the other side inside the spindle 5, a temperature sensor 2 8 is fixedly arranged. The thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism 1 is composed of a housing 9, a cover 10, a combined reduction mechanism 11, a differential screw feed mechanism 12, a circulating lubrication mechanism 13, a compensation distance pointer 14, and a compensation distance measurement sensor 15. The cover 10 is fixedly connected to the top end of the housing 9 through a plurality of bolts. The combined reduction mechanism 11 is fixedly connected to the top end inside the housing 9. The differential screw feed mechanism 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the combined reduction mechanism 11. The input shaft of the differential screw feed mechanism 12 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the combined reduction mechanism 11. The spindle driver 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the differential screw feed mechanism 12. The circulating lubrication mechanism 13 is connected to the combined reduction mechanism 11. The compensation distance pointer 14 is connected to one side of the differential screw feed mechanism 12. The compensation distance measurement sensor 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom end on one side inside the housing 9. One end of the compensation distance pointer 14 penetrates into the inside of the compensation distance measurement sensor 15;

[0031] During the machining process, the elongation of the spindle 5 at different temperatures is measured in advance. The temperature of the spindle 5 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 1 7 and the temperature sensor 2 8, and the temperature signal is fed back to the controller 2. The controller 2 drives the thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism 1 to work according to the temperature information, and drives the spindle 5 to perform automatic compensation through the thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism 1. When the thermal elongation automatic compensation drive mechanism 1 works, the combined reduction mechanism 11 drives the differential screw feed mechanism 12 to work. The compensation accuracy can be improved through the differential screw feed mechanism 12. The combined reduction mechanism 11 is lubricated through the circulating lubrication mechanism 13. The monitoring of the compensation distance is realized through the compensation distance pointer 14 and the compensation distance measurement sensor 15.

[0032] Example 2, consisting of Figure 2 and Figure 4Given that, on one side of the inner bottom end of the housing 9, a first limit clamping plate 16 fixedly connected to the differential screw feed mechanism 12 is fixedly provided. On the other side of the inner bottom end of the housing 9, a second limit clamping plate 17 fixedly connected to the differential screw feed mechanism 12 is fixedly provided. A through hole 18 matching the main shaft driver 4 is provided at the middle position of the bottom end of the housing 9. Vertical limit sliding grooves 19 are provided on both sides of the through hole 18. Vertical limit sliding blocks 20 inserted into the vertical limit sliding grooves 19 are fixedly provided on both sides of the main shaft driver 4. The combined reduction mechanism 11 is composed of a reduction gear housing 21, a first servo motor 22, a first gear reduction component 23, a second servo motor 24, a second gear reduction component 25, and a worm and worm gear reduction component 26. The first servo motor 22 is fixedly connected to one end of the reduction gear housing 21. The first gear reduction component 23 is connected to one end inside the reduction gear housing 21 and is connected to the output shaft of the first servo motor 22. The second servo motor 24 is fixedly connected to the other end of the reduction gear housing 21. The second gear reduction component 25 is connected to the other end inside the reduction gear housing 21 and is connected to the output shaft of the second servo motor 24. The worm and worm gear reduction component 26 is connected between the first gear reduction component 23 and the second gear reduction component 25;

[0033] The synchronous drive of the worm and worm gear reduction component 26 is realized through the first gear reduction component 23 and the second gear reduction component 25. On the one hand, the drive efficiency is improved. On the other hand, the transmission clearance can be eliminated, and thus the drive accuracy can be improved. The first servo motor 22 drives the first gear reduction component 23 to work, and the second servo motor 24 drives the second gear reduction component 25 to work. The first gear reduction component 23 and the second gear reduction component 25 are controlled to perform reverse drive, so that the first gear reduction component 23 and the second gear reduction component 25 can respectively form a tightly fitting drive with the worm and worm gear reduction component 26.

[0034] Embodiment three, consists of Figures 2 to 7Given that, both the first gear reduction assembly 23 and the second gear reduction assembly 25 are composed of a drive shaft 27, a drive gear 28, a driven shaft 29, a first reduction gear 30, a second reduction gear 31, and a third reduction gear 32. The drive gear 28 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the drive shaft 27. The first reduction gear 30 is fixedly sleeved at the middle position of the driven shaft 29 and meshes with the drive gear 28. The second reduction gear 31 is fixedly connected to one end of the driven shaft 29. The third reduction gear 32 is fixedly connected to the worm and worm gear reduction assembly 26 and meshes with the second reduction gear 31. The worm and worm gear reduction assembly 26 is composed of a first worm 33, a first worm gear 34, a second worm 35, a second worm gear 36, and several reinforcement connecting arms 37. The first worm gear 34 and the second worm gear 36 are fixedly connected through the reinforcement connecting arms 37. The first worm 33 is connected to the first gear reduction assembly 23 and meshes with the first worm gear 34. The second worm 35 is connected to the second gear reduction assembly 25 and meshes with the second worm gear 36. Both the first worm gear 34 and the second worm gear 36 are fixedly connected to the input shaft of the differential screw feed mechanism 12. The drive shaft 27, the driven shaft 29, the first worm 33, and the second worm 35 are all movably connected to the reducer housing 21 through several bearings. The right tooth edge 38 of the first worm 33 fits with the left tooth edge 39 of the first worm gear 34. The left tooth edge 40 of the second worm 35 fits with the right tooth edge 41 of the second worm gear 36;

[0035] When the first gear reduction assembly 23 and the second gear reduction assembly 25 are working, the drive shaft 27 drives the drive gear 28 to rotate. The drive gear 28 drives the driven shaft 29, the first reduction gear 30, and the second reduction gear 31 to rotate. The drive shaft 27 and the first reduction gear 30 form a first-stage reduction. The second reduction gear 31 drives the third reduction gear 32 to rotate, thus forming a second-stage reduction. The first gear reduction assembly 23 drives the first worm 33 to rotate. The second gear reduction assembly 25 drives the second worm 35 to rotate. The first worm 33 and the second worm 35 respectively drive the first worm gear 34 and the second worm gear 36. Since the right tooth edge 38 of the first worm 33 fits with the left tooth edge 39 of the first worm gear 34, and the left tooth edge 40 of the second worm 35 fits with the right tooth edge 41 of the second worm gear 36, the clearance between the first gear reduction assembly 23 and the second gear reduction assembly 25 and the worm and worm gear reduction assembly 26 can be eliminated, thereby avoiding affecting the driving accuracy, and a third-stage reduction can be achieved through the worm and worm gear reduction assembly 26.

[0036] Embodiment 4, consisting of Figure 2 and Figure 5Given that, the differential thread feed mechanism 12 is composed of a threaded rod body 42, a first thread section 43, a second thread section 44, an outer thread sleeve 45 and an inner thread sleeve 46. One end of the threaded rod body 42 is fixedly connected to the first worm wheel 34 and the second worm wheel 36. Both the first thread section 43 and the second thread section 44 are fixedly connected to the threaded rod body 42. The outer thread sleeve 45 is sleeved on the first thread section 43, and the bottom end of the outer thread sleeve 45 is fixedly connected to the first limit clamping plate 16 and the second limit clamping plate 17. The inner thread sleeve 46 is located inside the outer thread sleeve 45 and is sleeved on the second thread section 44. The thread directions of the outer thread sleeve 45 and the inner thread sleeve 46 are opposite. The outer thread sleeve 45 and the inner thread sleeve 46 are of a sliding connection structure. Limit sliding grooves 47 are provided on both sides inside the outer thread sleeve 45, and limit sliding blocks 48 matching the limit sliding grooves 47 are fixedly provided on both sides of the inner thread sleeve 46;

[0037] The worm and worm gear reduction assembly 26 drives the differential thread feed mechanism 12 to work. When the worm and worm gear reduction assembly 26 works, the threaded rod body 42 drives the first thread section 43 and the second thread section 44 to rotate synchronously. The first thread section 43 and the second thread section 44 respectively drive the outer thread sleeve 45 and the inner thread sleeve 46 in opposite directions. The inner thread sleeve 46 moves relative to the outer thread sleeve 45, and the precise movement of the main shaft 5 is driven by the movement difference between the outer thread sleeve 45 and the inner thread sleeve 46, so that the compensation distance can be precisely controlled.

[0038] Embodiment Five, consists of Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 8 Given that, the circulating lubrication mechanism 13 is composed of a support frame 49, a circulating pump 50, a filter 51, a drain pipe group 52, an oil inlet pipe 53 and a return pipe group 54. Both the circulating pump 50 and the filter 51 are fixedly connected to the top end of the support frame 49. Both the drain pipe group 52 and the return pipe group 54 are connected between the reducer housing 21 and the circulating pump 50. The filter 51 is connected to the return pipe group 54;

[0039] When the combined reduction mechanism 11 works, lubrication of the combined reduction mechanism 11 is achieved through the circulating lubrication mechanism 13. The circulating pump 50 and the return pipe group 54 extract the lubricating oil at the bottom end inside the combined reduction mechanism 11, and the lubricating oil is guided to the top end of the combined reduction mechanism 11 through the drain pipe group 52 to achieve sufficient lubrication. The filter 51 is used to filter the lubricating oil to filter out metal debris, thereby increasing the service life of the combined reduction mechanism 11.

[0040] During work, by setting up a combined reduction mechanism composed of a reducer housing, a first servo motor, a first gear reduction component, a second servo motor, a second gear reduction component, and a worm and worm gear reduction component, and a differential thread feeding mechanism composed of a threaded rod body, a first thread section, a second thread section, an outer thread sleeve, and an inner thread sleeve, automatic compensation can be achieved according to the change in the spindle temperature, the feeding adjustment accuracy of the spindle can be improved, and thus the machining accuracy can be improved; by setting up a circulating lubrication mechanism composed of a support frame, a circulating pump, a filter, a drain pipe group, an oil inlet pipe, and a return oil pipe group, circulating lubrication of the combined reduction mechanism can be realized, thereby reducing the wear of each component and increasing the service life.

Claims

1. An automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of mechanical parts, comprising an automatic compensation drive mechanism (1) for thermal elongation, characterized in that: On one side of the thermal elongation automatic compensation driving mechanism (1), a controller (2) is fixedly arranged. On one side of the controller (2), a control panel (3) is fixedly arranged. At the bottom end inside the thermal elongation automatic compensation driving mechanism (1), a main shaft driver (4) is fixedly arranged. At the bottom end of the main shaft driver (4), a main shaft (5) is arranged. At the bottom end of the main shaft (5), a tool head (6) is arranged. At the top end on one side inside the main shaft (5), a temperature sensor 1 (7) is fixedly arranged. At the bottom end on the other side inside the main shaft (5), a temperature sensor 2 (8) is fixedly arranged. The thermal elongation automatic compensation driving mechanism (1) is composed of a housing (9), a cover (10), a combined reduction mechanism (11), a differential thread feeding mechanism (12), a circulating lubrication mechanism (13), a compensation distance pointer (14), and a compensation distance measurement sensor (15). The cover (10) is fixedly connected to the top end of the housing (9) through a plurality of bolts. The combined reduction mechanism (11) is fixedly connected to the top end inside the housing (9). The differential thread feeding mechanism (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the combined reduction mechanism (11). The input shaft of the differential thread feeding mechanism (12) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the combined reduction mechanism (11). The main shaft driver (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the differential thread feeding mechanism (12). The circulating lubrication mechanism (13) is connected to the combined reduction mechanism (11). The compensation distance pointer (14) is connected to one side of the differential thread feeding mechanism (12). The compensation distance measurement sensor (15) is fixedly connected to the bottom end on one side inside the housing (9). One end of the compensation distance pointer (14) penetrates into the inside of the compensation distance measurement sensor (15); The combined reduction mechanism (11) is composed of a reduction gear housing (21), a servo motor 1 (22), a gear reduction component 1 (23), a servo motor 2 (24), a gear reduction component 2 (25), and a worm and worm gear reduction component (26). The servo motor 1 (22) is fixedly connected to one end of the reduction gear housing (21). The gear reduction component 1 (23) is connected to one end inside the reduction gear housing (21) and is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 1 (22). The servo motor 2 (24) is fixedly connected to the other end of the reduction gear housing (21). The gear reduction component 2 (25) is connected to the other end inside the reduction gear housing (21) and is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 2 (24). The worm and worm gear reduction component (26) is connected between the gear reduction component 1 (23) and the gear reduction component 2 (25); Both the first gear reduction assembly (23) and the second gear reduction assembly (25) are composed of a drive shaft (27), a drive gear (28), a driven shaft (29), a first reduction gear (30), a second reduction gear (31) and a third reduction gear (32). The drive gear (28) is fixedly sleeved at one end of the drive shaft (27). The first reduction gear (30) is fixedly sleeved at the middle position of the driven shaft (29) and meshes with the drive gear (28). The second reduction gear (31) is fixedly connected to one end of the driven shaft (29). The third reduction gear (32) is fixedly connected to the worm and worm gear reduction assembly (26) and meshes with the second reduction gear (31). The worm and worm gear reduction assembly (26) is composed of a first worm (33), a first worm gear (34), a second worm (35), a second worm gear (36) and a number of reinforcement connecting arms (37). The first worm gear (34) and the second worm gear (36) are fixedly connected through the reinforcement connecting arms (37). The first worm (33) is connected to the first gear reduction assembly (23) and meshes with the first worm gear (34). The second worm (35) is connected to the second gear reduction assembly (25) and meshes with the second worm gear (36). Both the first worm gear (34) and the second worm gear (36) are fixedly connected to the input shaft of the differential screw feed mechanism (12). The drive shaft (27), the driven shaft (29), the first worm (33) and the second worm (35) are all movably connected to the reducer housing (21) through a number of bearings. The right tooth edge (38) of the first worm (33) is in contact with the left tooth edge (39) of the first worm gear (34). The left tooth edge (40) of the second worm (35) is in contact with the right tooth edge (41) of the second worm gear (36).

2. The automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of a mechanical part according to claim 1, characterized in that: On one side of the inner bottom end of the housing (9), a first limit clamping plate (16) fixedly connected to the differential screw feed mechanism (12) is fixedly provided. On the other side of the inner bottom end of the housing (9), a second limit clamping plate (17) fixedly connected to the differential screw feed mechanism (12) is fixedly provided. A through hole (18) matching the main shaft driver (4) is provided at the middle position of the bottom end of the housing (9). Vertical limit sliding grooves (19) are provided on both sides of the through hole (18). Vertical limit sliding blocks (20) inserted into the vertical limit sliding grooves (19) are fixedly provided on both sides of the main shaft driver (4).

3. The automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of a mechanical part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The differential screw feed mechanism (12) is composed of a threaded rod body (42), a first thread section (43), a second thread section (44), an outer screw sleeve (45) and an inner screw sleeve (46). One end of the threaded rod body (42) is fixedly connected to the first worm gear (34) and the second worm gear (36). Both the first thread section (43) and the second thread section (44) are fixedly connected to the threaded rod body (42). The outer screw sleeve (45) is sleeved on the first thread section (43). The bottom end of the outer screw sleeve (45) is fixedly connected to the first limit clamping plate (16) and the second limit clamping plate (17). The inner screw sleeve (46) is located inside the outer screw sleeve (45) and is sleeved on the second thread section (44). The thread directions of the outer screw sleeve (45) and the inner screw sleeve (46) are opposite.

4. The automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of a mechanical part according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer screw sleeve (45) and the inner screw sleeve (46) are in a sliding connection structure. Limit sliding grooves (47) are provided on both sides inside the outer screw sleeve (45), and limit sliding blocks (48) that match the limit sliding grooves (47) are fixedly arranged on both sides of the inner screw sleeve (46).

5. The automatic compensation device for thermal elongation in precision machining of a mechanical part according to claim 1, wherein: The circulating lubrication mechanism (13) is composed of a support frame (49), a circulating pump (50), a filter (51), a drain pipe group (52), an oil inlet pipe (53) and a return pipe group (54). The circulating pump (50) and the filter (51) are both fixedly connected to the top of the support frame (49). The drain pipe group (52) and the return pipe group (54) are both connected between the reducer housing (21) and the circulating pump (50), and the filter (51) is connected to the return pipe group (54).

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