Aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides an aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering and a preparation method thereof, which comprises an aluminum plate, a composite plate and a steel plate, the composite plate is located between the aluminum plate and the steel plate, the aluminum plate is connected with the composite plate through a first weld seam, the composite plate is connected with the steel plate through a second weld seam, the composite plate comprises an aluminum plate connecting layer, a pure aluminum or pure titanium layer and a steel plate connecting layer in sequence, and the aluminum plate connecting layer and the steel plate connecting layer are both funnel structures. The aluminum plate connecting layer and the steel plate connecting layer are designed into funnel structures, so that the number of weld seams is reduced, the distance between the weld seam and the aluminum-steel interface is increased, and the interface performance damage of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer is reduced; compared with the weight of the original aluminum-steel composite steel piece joint, the weight can be reduced by 45%; finally, a circular arc structure is arranged at the boundary of the composite layer, so that the risk of coating cracking is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of dissimilar metal composite material manufacturing, in particular to an aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] To solve the problem of high-strength connection between aluminum alloy superstructure and steel deck in ship and ocean engineering, an aluminum-steel composite steel piece is made by explosion composite technology, as shown in the prior art, the aluminum-steel composite steel piece usually adopts a composite layer structure between the aluminum plate and the steel plate, the composite layer structure includes a pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, wherein the composite layer structure is a square structure. Figure 1

[0003] In the process of building a real ship, when the composite layer structure is welded with the aluminum superstructure and the steel deck, the welding heat in the process increases the temperature of the interface of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, and the performance of the interface of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer decreases with the increase of the temperature. The thickness combination type of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece widely used in ship engineering is that the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 8-10 mm, the thickness of the pure aluminum (pure titanium) is 2-6 mm, and the thickness of the steel layer is 10-20 mm. The existing welding seam is close to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, which causes great damage to the performance of the interface of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer during welding, and the pull-off performance after welding is generally damaged by about 25%. In addition, the composite layer structure needs to be welded with 4 welding seams in the building process, and the heat generated by each welding seam damages the performance of the material, and the welding efficiency is low. According to the design requirements of the composite material for ship engineering, the width of the square composite layer structure is generally not less than 4 times the width of the aluminum plate welded therewith, but such design is not conducive to the lightweight requirement of the ship. Finally, the aluminum-steel composite steel piece is composed of dissimilar metals, and electrochemical corrosion occurs in a humid environment, so coating protection is required during the building and service of the real ship. The four corner parts of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece in the prior art are right angle structures, which are easy to cause the coating of the corner parts to break. Once broken, the aluminum-steel composite steel piece lacks protection measures, and under the action of seawater corrosion and dynamic stress loading, the aluminum-steel composite steel piece will accelerate failure.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a preparation method of an aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering, so as to solve the problems that the welding seam in the prior art is close to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, which causes great damage to the performance of the interface of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer during welding; the aluminum-steel composite steel piece needs to be welded with 4 welding seams in the building process, which is low in welding efficiency; the width of the composite layer is not less than 4 times the width of the aluminum plate, which is not conducive to the lightweight requirement of the ship; and the composite layer needs to be coated with paint for protection, and the surface coating is easy to break and delaminate due to the tension of the paint during coating protection, which accelerates the failure of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece.​

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] The aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering comprises an aluminum plate, a composite plate and a steel plate, the composite plate is located between the aluminum plate and the steel plate, the aluminum plate and the composite plate are connected through a first weld seam, the composite plate and the steel plate are connected through a second weld seam, the composite plate comprises an aluminum plate connecting layer, a pure aluminum or pure titanium layer and a steel plate connecting layer in sequence, and the aluminum plate connecting layer and the steel plate connecting layer are both in a "funnel" structure.

[0008] The aluminum plate connecting layer and the steel plate connecting layer are designed in a "funnel" structure, so that the interface performance damage of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer in the welding process is reduced, the weld seam is reduced, the welding efficiency is improved, and the protective effect of the coating of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece is improved.

[0009] Further, the aluminum plate connecting layer comprises a first section and a second section, the first section and the second section are integrally formed, the first section is connected to the aluminum plate through a first weld seam, the width of the first section is consistent with the width of the aluminum plate, the width of the second section gradually increases towards the end close to the steel plate, and the width of the connection between the second section and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer is 2-3 times the width of the aluminum plate.

[0010] The setting can reduce the interface performance damage of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer in the welding process.

[0011] Further, the steel plate connecting layer comprises a third section and a fourth section, the third section and the fourth section are integrally formed, the fourth section is connected to the steel plate through a second weld seam, the width of the fourth section is consistent with the width of the steel plate, the width of the third section gradually increases towards the end close to the aluminum plate, and the width of the connection between the third section and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer is 2-3 times the width of the steel plate.

[0012] The setting can reduce the interface performance damage of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer in the welding process.

[0013] Further, a first transition point is arranged at the edge of the second section close to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, the first transition point adopts a circular arc transition, and the radius of the circular arc is 2-5 mm.

[0014] The setting can improve the crack resistance of the coating at the corner of the aluminum plate connecting layer.

[0015] Further, a second transition point is arranged at the edge of the third section close to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, the second transition point adopts a circular arc transition, and the radius of the circular arc is 2-5 mm.

[0016] The setting improves the crack resistance of the coating at the corner of the steel plate connecting layer.

[0017] Further, the first straight edge at the junction of the first transition point to the second section and the edge of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer has a length of 2-5 mm.

[0018] The arrangement can reduce the stress between the aluminum plate connecting layer and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, improve the connection firmness of the aluminum plate connecting layer and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, and avoid damage to the aluminum plate connecting layer and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer during machining.

[0019] Further, the second straight edge at the junction of the second transition point to the third section and the edge of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer has a length of 2-5 mm.

[0020] The arrangement can reduce the stress between the steel plate connecting layer and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, improve the connection firmness of the steel plate connecting layer and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, and avoid damage to the steel plate connecting layer and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer during machining.

[0021] Further, the edge of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer is a third straight edge, which coincides with the straight line on which the first straight edge and the second straight edge lie.

[0022] The arrangement makes the connection between the composite layers more stable and avoids damage to the composite layers during machining.

[0023] Further, the thickness of the first section is h1, and h1=8-11 mm, and the thickness of the fourth section is h2, and h2=8-11 mm.

[0024] A preparation method of an aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering, which prepares the aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering as described above, and includes the following steps:

[0025] S1, selecting an ultra-thick composite material with a thickness of 47-106 mm, wherein the 47-106 mm ultra-thick composite material is obtained by explosion welding of an aluminum layer with a thickness of 15-50 mm, a pure aluminum or pure titanium layer with a thickness of 2-6 mm, and a steel layer with a thickness of 30-50 mm, and the ultra-thick composite material is machined to obtain a composite plate;

[0026] S2, butt welding the aluminum plate connecting layer of the composite layer and the aluminum plate by means of friction stir welding or automatic MIG welding, and butt welding the steel plate and the steel plate connecting layer by means of automatic MAG to obtain the aluminum-steel composite steel piece.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:

[0028] (1) the aluminum plate connecting layer and the steel plate connecting layer are designed as a "funnel" structure, the distance from the weld to the interface of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece is increased by 1 times, the influence of the welding temperature on the interface performance of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer can be reduced, that is, the performance damage degree of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece caused by welding is reduced, so that the width of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece can be reduced under the condition of keeping the original performance level, the purpose of reducing the weight without reducing the bearing capacity is achieved, the weight of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece of the application is reduced by 45% compared with the original material; in addition, the structure can realize the reduction from the existing 4 welds to 2 welds, the welding efficiency is increased by nearly 80%, the superposition of the welding temperature is further reduced, the damage of the welding to the interface performance is correspondingly reduced, 2 butt welds are adopted, the butt weld is suitable for friction stir welding, automatic MIG and MAG welding, and the production efficiency is further improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an aluminum-steel composite steel piece in the prior art;

[0030] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering Figure 1 .

[0031] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering Figure 2 .

[0032] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:

[0033] 1-aluminum plate, 2-composite plate, 21-aluminum plate connecting layer, 211-first section, 212-second section, 2121-first transition point, 22-pure aluminum or pure titanium layer, 23-steel plate connecting layer, 231-third section, 2311-second transition point, 232-fourth section, 3-steel plate, 4-first weld, 5-second weld, 6-first straight edge, 7-second straight edge, 8-third straight edge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, characteristics and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0035] As Figures 1-3The present application relates to a kind of aluminum steel composite steel pieces for ship engineering, the thickness of the aluminum steel composite steel piece is 1-3 times greater than existing thickness, including aluminum plate 1, composite plate 2, steel plate 3, the composite plate 2 is between aluminum plate 1 and steel plate 3, the aluminum plate 1 is connected with composite plate 2 by first weld 4, the composite plate 2 is connected with steel plate 3 by second weld 5, the composite plate 2 includes aluminum plate connecting layer 21, pure aluminum or pure titanium layer 22, steel plate connecting layer 23 in sequence, the aluminum plate connecting layer 21 and steel plate connecting layer 23 are both "funnel" structure.

[0036] Specifically, the aluminum plate connecting layer 21 includes first section 211, second section 212, the first section 211 is integrally formed with the second section 212, the first section 211 is connected with the aluminum plate 1 by the first weld 4, the width of the first section 211 is consistent with the width of the aluminum plate 1, and the width of the second section gradually increases towards one end close to the steel plate 3.

[0037] Specifically, the steel plate connecting layer 23 includes third section 231, fourth section 232, the third section 231 is integrally formed with the fourth section 232, the fourth section 232 is connected with the steel plate 3 by the second weld 5, the width of the fourth section 232 is consistent with the width of the steel plate 3, and the width of the third section 231 gradually increases towards one end close to the aluminum plate 1.

[0038] Specifically, the second section 212 is provided with a first transition point 2121 at the edge close to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer 22, the first transition point 2121 adopts circular arc transition, and the radius of the circular arc is 2-5 mm.

[0039] Specifically, the third section 231 is provided with a second transition point 2311 at the edge close to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer 22, the second transition point 2311 adopts circular arc transition, and the radius of the circular arc is 2-5 mm.

[0040] The aluminum steel composite steel piece is composed of dissimilar metals, and electrochemical corrosion occurs in a humid environment. Therefore, during the construction and service of the actual ship, coating protection is required. According to the existing aluminum steel composite steel piece, the four corners are right-angled structures. When coating protection is performed, the coating is prone to cracking at the four corners due to the tension of the paint. Once the coating is cracked, the aluminum steel composite steel piece lacks protective measures, and under the action of seawater corrosion and dynamic stress loading, the aluminum steel composite steel piece will accelerate failure. The edge of the aluminum steel composite steel piece of the present application is circularly arc-shaped, which improves the crack resistance of the corner coating.

[0041] Specifically, the first transition point 2121 to the edge junction of the second section 212 and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer 22 is a first straight edge 6, and the length of the first straight edge 6 is 2-5 mm.

[0042] Specifically, the second transition point 2311 to the third segment 231 is a second straight edge 7 at the edge of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer 22, and the length of the second straight edge 7 is 2-5 mm.

[0043] Specifically, the edge of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer 22 is a third straight edge 8, and the third straight edge 8 coincides with the straight line where the first straight edge 6 and the second straight edge 7 are located.

[0044] Specifically, the thickness of the first segment 211 is h1, and h1=8-11 mm, and the thickness of the fourth segment 232 is h2, and h2=8-11 mm.

[0045] A preparation method of an aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering, which prepares the aluminum-steel composite steel piece for ship engineering, and comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1, selecting an ultra-thick aluminum-steel composite steel piece with a thickness of 47-106 mm, wherein the 47-106 mm ultra-thick aluminum-steel composite steel piece is obtained by explosion welding of an aluminum layer with a thickness of 15-50 mm, a pure aluminum or pure titanium layer with a thickness of 2-6 mm, and a steel layer with a thickness of 30-50 mm, and the ultra-thick aluminum-steel composite steel piece is machined to obtain a composite plate; the ultra-thick aluminum-steel composite steel piece is machined to change its cross-sectional type, reduce the thickness of the aluminum plate and the steel plate, and correspondingly increase the thickness to the thickness of the composite layer, thereby increasing the distance from the weld to the aluminum-steel interface, and the total thickness of the ultra-thick aluminum plate is 2-4 times the thickness of the existing aluminum-steel composite layer.

[0047] S2, the aluminum plate connecting layer 21 and the aluminum plate 1 are butt welded by the method of friction stir welding, and the automatic MAG is used to complete the butt welding of the steel plate 2 and the steel plate connecting layer 23, thereby obtaining the aluminum-steel composite steel piece.

[0048] The present application reduces the width of the aluminum plate connecting layer and the steel plate connecting layer, the maximum width of the aluminum plate connecting layer and the steel plate connecting layer is 2-3 times the width of the aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece is correspondingly increased, the ultra-thick aluminum-steel composite steel piece with thick composite layer and thick base layer is manufactured by explosion compounding method using explosive as energy, the composite layer is obtained by mechanical machining, the aluminum superstructure and the steel deck are welded with the composite layer, the weld is reduced from 4 to 2, the welding efficiency is increased by nearly 80%, the distance from the weld to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer interface is increased, the damage of the welding temperature to the performance of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer is reduced, the performance damage of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer interface is reduced, the purpose of reducing the weight without reducing the bearing capacity is achieved, the weight of the aluminum-steel composite steel piece is reduced by 45%, the straight type is changed to the arc transition type, and the coating is not easy to break, so that the comprehensive reliability is improved.

[0049] The present application will be further explained and described in conjunction with the drawings. However, the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown: The composite layer, manufactured using explosive welding, is made of 5083+1060+CCSB materials, with a thickness combination of 30+3+30mm. According to... Figure 3 The composite layer, with a length of 2000mm, is machined. Both aluminum plate 1 and steel plate 3 are 5mm wide, and the thickness of the first straight edge 6 and the second straight edge 9 is 2mm. The first transition point 2121 and the second transition point 2311 use a circular arc transition with a radius of 5mm. The lengths of h1 and h2 are 10.5mm each. The aluminum plate connecting layer 21 is then butt-welded to aluminum plate 1 using friction stir welding, and the butt-welding of steel plate 2 to steel plate connecting layer 23 is completed using an automated MAG welding system. Pull-out performance testing of the aluminum-steel composite component after welding showed a performance degradation of 6%, a significant improvement compared to the 25% performance degradation of existing aluminum-steel composite components after welding, resulting in an 80% increase in welding efficiency.

[0051] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. An aluminum-steel composite steel member for shipbuilding, comprising an aluminum plate (1), a composite plate (2), and a steel plate (3), the composite plate (2) being located between the aluminum plate (1) and the steel plate (3), characterized in that, The aluminum plate (1) is connected with the composite plate (2) through the first weld (4), the composite plate (2) is connected with the steel plate (3) through the second weld (5); the composite plate (2) comprises an aluminum plate connecting layer (21), a pure aluminum or pure titanium layer (22) and a steel plate connecting layer (23) in sequence, the composite plate (2) is made of super-thick composite material, and the aluminum plate connecting layer (21) and the steel plate connecting layer (23) are both in a 'funnel' structure; wherein the aluminum plate connecting layer (21) comprises a first section (211) and a second section (212), the width of the first section (211) is consistent with the width of the aluminum plate (1), the width of the second section (212) gradually increases towards one end close to the steel plate (3), and the width of the connection between the second section (212) and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer (22) is 2-3 times the width of the aluminum plate (1); the steel plate connecting layer (23) comprises a third section (231) and a fourth section (232), the width of the fourth section (232) is consistent with the width of the steel plate (3), the width of the third section (231) gradually increases towards one end close to the aluminum plate (1), and the width of the connection between the third section (231) and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer (22) is 2-3 times the width of the steel plate (3); a first transition point (2121) is arranged at the edge of the second section (212) close to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer (22), a second transition point (2311) is arranged at the edge of the third section (231) close to the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer (22), and the first transition point (2121) and the second transition point (2311) are both in a circular arc transition; the first transition point (2121) to the edge junction of the second section (212) and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer (22) is a first straight edge (6), the length of the first straight edge (6) is 2-5 mm; the second transition point (2311) to the edge junction of the third section (231) and the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer (22) is a second straight edge (7), the length of the second straight edge (7) is 2-5 mm; the edge of the pure aluminum or pure titanium layer (22) is a third straight edge (8), and the third straight edge (8) coincides with the straight line where the first straight edge (6) and the second straight edge (7) are located.

2. The aluminum-steel clad steel member for shipbuilding according to claim 1, characterized by The first section (211) and the second section (212) are integrally formed, and the first section (211) is connected with the aluminum plate (1) through the first weld (4).

3. The aluminum-steel clad steel member for shipbuilding according to claim 1, characterized by The third section (231) and the fourth section (232) are integrally formed, and the fourth section (232) is connected with the steel plate (3) through the second weld (5).

4. The aluminum-steel clad steel member for shipbuilding according to claim 1, characterized by The radius of the circular arc at the first transition point (2121) and the second transition point (2311) is 2-5 mm.

5. The aluminum-steel clad steel member for shipbuilding according to claim 1, characterized by The thickness of the first section (211) is h1, h1=8-11 mm, and the thickness of the fourth section (232) is h2, h2=8-11 mm.

6. A method for producing an aluminum-steel composite steel member for shipbuilding, the aluminum-steel composite steel member for shipbuilding according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting an ultra-thick composite material with a thickness of 47mm-106mm, wherein the 47-106mm ultra-thick composite material is obtained by explosion welding of an aluminum layer with a thickness of 15-50mm, a pure aluminum or pure titanium layer with a thickness of 2-6mm, and a steel layer with a thickness of 30-50mm, and the ultra-thick composite material is machined to obtain a composite plate; S2, the aluminum plate connecting layer and the aluminum plate of the composite layer are butt welded by means of friction stir welding or automatic MIG welding, and the butt welding of the steel plate and the steel plate connecting layer is completed by using automatic MAG, to obtain an aluminum-steel composite steel piece.

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